{"id":33056,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","title":{"rendered":"Jan\u00eb publikuar versionet e plota t\u00eb korrigjimeve p\u00ebr Firefox 66.0.4 dhe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/5\/5\/278\">paraqiti<\/a><\/noindex> l\u00ebshimi i kernelit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\">Linux 5.1<\/a><\/noindex>. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e re p\u00ebr futjen\/dukurimin asinkron t\u00eb input\/output io_uring, mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb NVDIMM si RAM, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr memorie virtuale t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb Nouveau, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr monitorim n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj p\u00ebrmes fanotify, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar nivelet e kompresimit Zstd n\u00eb Btrfs, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpunues i ri cpuidle TEO, implementimi i thirrjeve sistemike p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemit t\u00eb vitit 2038, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr ngarkimin nga pajisje device-mapper pa initramfs, moduli LSM SafeSetID, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr patch-a t\u00eb kombinuar live.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.1\">Main<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/783084\">innovations<\/a><\/noindex>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e re \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebr hyrjen\/dalin\u00eb asinkrone \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/kernel.dk\/io_uring.pdf\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila ve\u00e7ohet p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb polling-ut t\u00eb hyrjes\/daljes dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e funksionimit si me buferizim, ashtu edhe pa buferizim. Kujtojm\u00eb se mekanizmi i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm i hyrjes\/daljes asinkrone \u00abaio\u00bb nuk kishte mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hyrje\/dali t\u00eb buferizuar, mund t\u00eb punonte vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn O_DIRECT (pa buferizim dhe p\u00ebrjashtuar caches), kishte probleme me bllokimin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pritjes s\u00eb disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb metadatat dhe demonstroi shpenzime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kopjimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb memorie.\n<p>N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb API<br \/>\nio_uring, zhvilluesit u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb eliminojn\u00eb disavantazhet e nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr aio. Sipas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-block\/20190116175003.17880-1-axboe@kernel.dk\/\">performanc\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex> io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb af\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/spdk.io\/\">SPDK<\/a><\/noindex> dhe ndjesh\u00ebm e tejkalon libaio kur funksionojn\u00eb me polling t\u00eb aktivizuar. P\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e io_uring n\u00eb aplikacione p\u00ebrfundimtare q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git.kernel.dk\/cgit\/liburing\/\">liburing<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila ofron nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb mbi nd\u00ebrfaqen e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e ndjekjes s\u00eb ngjarjeve n\u00eb FS fanotify() <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amir73il\/fsnotify-utils\/wiki\/Super-block-root-watch\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ndjekjen e situatave t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb superblokut dhe struktur\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ext4.wiki.kernel.org\/index.php\/Ext4_Disk_Layout\">dirent<\/a><\/noindex> (ngjarjet e krijimit, fshirjes dhe zhvendosjes s\u00eb katalog\u00ebve). Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e paraqitura ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb lindin gjat\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb ndjekjeve rekursive t\u00eb ndryshimeve n\u00eb sisteme shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes mekanizmit inotify (ndryshimet e dirent m\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndiqeshin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes inotify, por<br \/>\nefikasiteti n\u00eb kushte ndjekjeje rekursive t\u00eb katalog\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj mbetet p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar). Tani nj\u00eb ndjekje e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase p\u00ebrmes fanotify;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Btrfs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3f93aef535c8ea03e40cd8acf0753b3e6ed33e96\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e konfigurimin t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb kompresimit p\u00ebr algoritmin zstd, i cili mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb kompromis optimal midis lz4, i shpejt\u00eb por jo efikas dhe xz, i ngadalsh\u00ebm por q\u00eb kompreson mir\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn sesi m\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohej niveli i kompresimit kur p\u00ebrdorej zlib p\u00ebr zstd \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr opsionin e montimit \u00ab-o compress=zstd:level\u00bb. Gjat\u00eb provave, niveli minimal i par\u00eb siguroi kompresimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb 2.658 her\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e kompresimit 438.47 MB\/s, shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e dekompresimit 910.51 MB\/s dhe konsumin e memories 780 MB, nd\u00ebrsa niveli maksimal 15 \u2014 n\u00eb 3.126 her\u00eb, por me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi kompresimi prej 37.30 MB\/s, dekompresimi 878.84 MB\/s dhe konsumi i memories 2547 MB;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/plain\/Documentation\/device-mapper\/dm-init.txt?id=6bbc923dfcf57d6b97388819a7393835664c7a8e\">Shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ngarkimit nga sistemi i dosjeve, i vendosur n\u00eb pajisjen device-mapper, pa p\u00ebrdorur initramfs. Duke filluar nga l\u00ebshimi aktual i kernelit, pajisja device-mapper mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb procesin e ngarkimit, p\u00ebr shembull, si nj\u00eb ndarje me FSH-n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore. Konfigurimi i ndarjes b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes parametrit t\u00eb ngarkimit \u00abdm-mod.create\u00bb. Mes moduleve t\u00eb lejuara p\u00ebr ngarkim n\u00eb device-mapper jan\u00eb: \u00abcrypt\u00bb, \u00abdelay\u00bb, \u00ablinear\u00bb, \u00absnapshot-origin\u00bb dhe \u00abverity\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb orientuar drejt kujtes\u00ebs Flash F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar vlagu F2FS_NOCOW_FL, i cili lejon \u00e7aktivizimin e modit copy-on-write p\u00ebr nj\u00eb skedar t\u00eb caktuar;\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi i skedar\u00ebve <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=22084\">Exofs<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb variant i ext2, i p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me depo objekte OSD (Object-based Storage Device). Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr protokollin SCSI p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb ngjashme depo objekte;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb prctl() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC p\u00ebr menaxhimin e ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instruktimeve p\u00ebr procesin e zgjedhur. Opsioni i ri lejon \u00e7aktivizimin selektiv t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ p\u00ebr proceset q\u00eb potencialisht mund t\u00eb sulmohen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sulmimeve t\u00eb tipit Spectre. Bllokimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi deri n\u00eb thirrjen e par\u00eb exec();\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar moduli LSM <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/LSM\/SafeSetID.html\">SafeSetID<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb lejon sh\u00ebrbimet sistemike t\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt pa rritur privilegjet (CAP_SETUID) dhe pa marr\u00eb autorizimin e p\u00ebrdoruesit root. Caktimi i privilegjeve b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrcaktimit n\u00eb securityfs t\u00eb rregullave mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb liste t\u00eb bardh\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb lejueshme (n\u00eb form\u00ebn \u00abUID1:UID2\u00bb);\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb shtuar ndryshime t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr organizimin e ngarkimit t\u00eb moduleve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb (LSM). Paraqitet parametrin e ngarkimit t\u00eb kernelit \u00ablsm\u00bb, q\u00eb lejon menaxhimin e modulit q\u00eb ngarkohen dhe n\u00eb cilin rend;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e auditimit \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hap\u00ebsirat emrave t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/81a56f6dcd20\">Zgjeruar<\/a><\/noindex> kapacitetet e pluginit GCC structleak, i cili lejon bllokimin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb rrjedhjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories. U sigurua inicializimi i \u00e7do variabli q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kod p\u00ebrmes referenc\u00ebs n\u00eb grumbull;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr soket\u00ebt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f5dd3d0c9638\">\u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar<\/a><\/noindex> nj\u00eb opsion i ri \u00abSO_BINDTOIFINDEX\u00bb, i ngjash\u00ebm me<br \/>\n\u00abSO_BINDTODEVICE\u00bb, por\u00eb ka marr\u00eb si argument numrin indeks t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb emrit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb grumbullin mac80211 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e caktimit t\u00eb disa BSSID (adresecave MAC) nj\u00eb pajisjeje. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit p\u00ebr optimizimin e performanc\u00ebs WiFi, n\u00eb grumbullin mac80211 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar llogaritja e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb ajrit dhe mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb koh\u00ebn e ajrit midis disa stacioneve (n\u00eb operimin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit, duke alokuar m\u00eb pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr transmetimin e stacioneve t\u00eb ngadalta pa kabllo, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs nd\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb gjitha stacioneve);\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mekanizmi \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=db2ab7a08f06\">devlink health<\/a><\/noindex>\u00ab, q\u00eb ofron njoftime kur ndodhin probleme me nd\u00ebrfaqen e rrjetit;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/a9dce6679d736cb3d612af39bab9f31f8db66f9b\">\u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar<\/a><\/noindex> d\u00ebrgimi i sigurt i sinjalit, duke marr\u00eb parasysh mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e riciklimit t\u00eb PID. P\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb kill, mund t\u00eb ndodhte nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ku menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb sinjalit, PID-i i synuar mund t\u00eb ishte liruar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit dhe t\u00eb ishte z\u00ebn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr, duke rezultuar k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb sinjali d\u00ebrgohej nj\u00eb procesi tjet\u00ebr. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar situata t\u00eb tilla, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb thirrje e re sistemike pidfd_send_signal, e cila p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebrshkrues dosjesh nga \/proc\/pid p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lidhje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme me procesin. Edhe n\u00ebse PID rikthehet gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb thirrjes sistemike, p\u00ebrshkruesi i dosjeve nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb siguri p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar sinjalin n\u00eb proces;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/777212\/\">Shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb memories s\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme (persistent-memory, p\u00ebr shembull <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NVDIMM\">NVDIMM.<\/a><\/noindex>) si RAM. Deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, pajisjet e tilla jan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb si nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e ruajtjes, por tani mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjithashtu si memorie operative shtes\u00eb. Kjo mund\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb toleruar vonesa n\u00eb performanc\u00eb dhe q\u00eb duan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin API-n\u00eb standarde t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux n\u00eb vend t\u00eb sistemeve ekzistuese t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, t\u00eb cilat punojn\u00eb mbi mmap p\u00ebr skedarin dax;\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar nj\u00eb trajtues t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr papun\u00ebsin\u00eb e CPU (cpuidle, q\u00eb vendos kur mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb CPU n\u00eb modet e thella t\u00eb kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, m\u00eb thell\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb moda \u2014 sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb kursim, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet p\u00ebr t'u rikthyer nga moda) \u2014 TEO (Timer Events Oriented Governor). Deri tani jan\u00eb propozuar dy trajtues cpuidle \u2014 \u00abmenu\u00bb dhe \u00abladder\u00bb, q\u00eb dallojn\u00eb n\u00eb heuristik\u00eb. N\u00eb trajtuesin \u00abmenu\u00bb ka probleme t\u00eb njohura me marrjen e vendimeve heuristike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitet nj\u00eb trajtues i ri. TEO pozicionohet si nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb ndaj trajtuesit \u00abmenu\u00bb, e cila lejon arritjen e nj\u00eb performance m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb duke ruajtur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb.<br \/>\nAktivizoni trajtuesin e ri duke p\u00ebrdorur parametrin e ngarkes\u00ebs \u00abcpuidle.governor=teo\u00bb;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr eliminimin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_2038_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">problemi i vitit 2038<\/a><\/noindex>, e shkaktuar nga mbushja e tipit 32-bit time_t, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb thirrje sistemesh q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00eb 32-bit num\u00ebrues t\u00eb koh\u00ebs 64-bit. Si rezultat, struktura 64-bit time_t mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret tani n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha arkitekturat. Ndryshime t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb realizuar gjithashtu n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin rrjetor p\u00ebr opsionet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/networking\/timestamping.txt\">timestamp<\/a><\/noindex>  e soketeve t\u00eb rrjetit;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e aplikimit t\u00eb nxeht\u00eb t\u00eb patch-ave p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn (live patching) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/tree\/Documentation\/livepatch\/cumulative-patches.txt?id=c4e6874f2a2965e932f4a5cf2631bc6024e55021\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebsia \u00abAtomic Replace\u00bb p\u00ebr aplikimin atomik t\u00eb nj\u00eb seri ndryshimesh n\u00eb nj\u00eb funksion. Kjo mund\u00ebsi lejon shp\u00ebrndarjen e patch-eve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhura q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb disa ndryshime menj\u00ebher\u00eb, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb procesit mjaft t\u00eb komplikuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahjes s\u00eb patch-eve live n\u00eb nj\u00eb renditje t\u00eb caktuar. N\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb \u00e7do ndryshim i ardhsh\u00ebm kishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb gjendjen e funksionit pas ndryshimit t\u00eb kaluar, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur shp\u00ebrndarja e menj\u00ebhershme e disa ndryshimeve, t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb gjendje baz\u00eb (dmth, mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin nj\u00eb patch t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhur n\u00eb lidhje me kernelin baz\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb zinxhiri patch-esh q\u00eb varen nj\u00ebri nga tjetri);\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eac616557050737a8d6ef6fe0322d0980ff0ffde\">E shpallur<\/a><\/noindex> e vjetruar mb\u00ebshtetje e formatit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve ekzekutiv\u00eb a.out dhe<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=08300f4402abc0eb3bc9c91b27a529836710d32d\">u anulua<\/a><\/noindex> kod p\u00ebr formimin e skedar\u00ebve core n\u00eb formatin a.out, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb braktisur. Formati a.out nuk aplikohet prej koh\u00ebsh n\u00eb sistemet me Linux, dhe gjenerimi i skedar\u00ebve a.out nuk mb\u00ebshtetet m\u00eb nga mjetet moderne n\u00eb konfigurimet p\u00ebr Linux si parazgjedhje. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ngarkuesi p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt a.out mund t\u00eb realizohet t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e verifikimit t\u00eb programeve BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e identifikimit dhe heqjes s\u00eb kodit t\u00eb pavendosur. Pjes\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gjithashtu patch-e me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr spinlock p\u00ebr n\u00ebn-sistemin BPF, q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsi shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr menaxhimin e ekzekutimeve paralele t\u00eb programeve BPF;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin Nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eeaf06ac1a5584e41cf289f8351e446bb131374b\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr menaxhimin heterogjen t\u00eb memories, q\u00eb ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e aksesit t\u00eb CPU dhe GPU n\u00eb zona t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb memories t\u00eb sinkronizuara. Sistemi i memories virtuale t\u00eb ndar\u00eb (SVM, shared virtual memory) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mbi baz\u00ebn e n\u00ebn-sistemit HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e pajisjeve me blloqe t\u00eb veta t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories (MMU, memory management unit), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb akses n\u00eb memorien kryesore. Duke p\u00ebrdorur HMM, mund t\u00eb organizohet nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb adresimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt midis GPU dhe CPU, ku GPU mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb akses n\u00eb memorien kryesore t\u00eb procesit. Mb\u00ebshtetja SVM aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr GPU t\u00eb familjes Pascal, megjith\u00ebse mb\u00ebshtetje \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar edhe p\u00ebr GPU Volta dhe Turing. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb Nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f180bf12ac061f093abb9247505f661817973cae\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> ioctl i ri p\u00ebr menaxhimin e migrimit t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb memories s\u00eb proceseve n\u00eb memorien e GPU;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin DRM t\u00eb Intel p\u00ebr GPU Skylake dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb reja (gen9+) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7360c9f6b857e22a48e545f4e99c79630994e932\">\u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar<\/a><\/noindex> me thjesht aktivizohet m\u00ebnyra fastboot, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar nd\u00ebrrimet e panevojshme t\u00eb modit gjat\u00eb ngarkimit. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5e0f5a58b167fc2c8352d90c0faa8c0c9ca75c26\">shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/03ca3cf8e9aa7549e6c398462af0f68bdd43e7fe\">thirrje t\u00eb reja<\/a><\/noindex> identifikuesit e pajisjeve bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Coffeelake dhe Ice Lake. P\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Coffeelake <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c3b5a8430daadf5b8ec9757d6c81149903cbe99f\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtetje GVT (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41187\">virtualizimi i GPU<\/a><\/noindex>). P\u00ebr GPU virtuale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=39c68e87bc50a71bcfe93582d9b0673ef30db418\">\u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr VFIO EDID. P\u00ebr panel\u00ebt LCD MIPI\/DSI <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7b5618f4b834330a052958db934c3dffad4a15c2\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr elementet ACPI\/PMIC. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a0ff6779c75fe86a66b8c2eb439a40a12139eb02\">Jan\u00eb implementuar<\/a><\/noindex> modes t\u00eb reja TV 1080p30\/50\/60 TV;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin amdgpu u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU Vega10\/20 BACO. U realizuan mjetet e kontrollit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr Vega 10\/20 dhe tabelat e menaxhimit t\u00eb ventilator\u00ebve t\u00eb Vega 10. U shtuan identifikues t\u00eb rinj PCI p\u00ebr pajisjet GPU Picasso. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=67dd1a36334ffce82bebeb2d633e152aa436d370\">Shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> nd\u00ebrfaqja e menaxhimit t\u00eb var\u00ebsive t\u00eb planifikuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar bllokimin e nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=557c37360eca864eba692be7b7b72ec937b330af\">Shtuar<\/a><\/noindex> drejtuesi DRM\/KMS p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtuesit e operacioneve t\u00eb ekranit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/community.arm.com\/developer\/tools-software\/graphics\/b\/blog\/posts\/mali-d71-and-the-next-generation-display-solution\">ARM Komeda<\/a><\/noindex> (Mali D71);\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr panelat e ekranit Toppoly TPG110, Sitronix ST7701, PDA 91-00156-A0, LeMaker BL035-RGB-002 3.5 dhe Kingdisplay kd097d04;\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt e z\u00ebrit Rockchip RK3328, Cirrus Logic CS4341 dhe CS35L36, MediaTek MT6358, Qualcomm WCD9335 dhe Ingenic JZ4725B, si dhe platforma audio Mediatek MT8183;\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrollor\u00ebt NAND Flash STMicroelectronics FMC2, Amlogic Meson;\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtuesit p\u00ebr sistemet e inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale Habana;\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrollor\u00ebt Ethernet gigabit NXP ENETC dhe nd\u00ebrfaqet e pa tel MediaTek MT7603E (PCIe) dhe MT76x8.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Fondi Latinoamerikan i Software-it t\u00eb Lir\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">formoi<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nnj\u00eb variant <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">n\u00eb thelbin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebshimit 5.1<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.1-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.1-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, i pastruar nga elementet e softuer\u00ebve dhe drejtuesit q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponente ose pjes\u00eb kodi t\u00eb pa lira, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e ri u ndal ngarkimi i blob\u00ebve n\u00eb drejtuesit mt7603 dhe goya. U p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsua kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob\u00ebve n\u00eb drejtuesit dhe n\u00ebn-sistemet wilc1000, iwlwifi, soc-acpi-intel, brcmfmac, mwifiex, btmrvl, btmtk dhe touchscreen_dmi. U ndal pastrimi i blob\u00ebve n\u00eb ngarkuesin e firmuer\u00ebve lantiq xrx200 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb heqjes s\u00eb tij nga thelbi.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.1. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 io_uring, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f NVDIMM \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041e\u0417\u0423, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Nouveau \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0424\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 fanotify, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f Zstd \u0432 Btrfs, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a cpuidle TEO, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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