{"id":33184,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","slug":"reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i distribucionit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kompania Red Hat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/about\/press-releases\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-every-enterprise-every-cloud-every-workload\">publikoi<\/a><\/noindex> l\u00ebshimi i distribucionit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/products\/red-hat-enterprise-linux\/\">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8<\/a><\/noindex>. Nd\u00ebrtimet e instalimit jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr arkitekturat x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le dhe Aarch64, por  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/downloads\/\">t\u00eb disponueshme<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/technologies\/linux-platforms\/enterprise-linux\/try-it\">shkarkim<\/a><\/noindex> vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e regjistruar n\u00eb Red Hat Customer Portal. Kodet burimore t\u00eb paketave rpm t\u00eb Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 shp\u00ebrndahen p\u00ebrmes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.centos.org\/\">Git-reposita<\/a><\/noindex> CentOS. Distribucioni do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn deri n\u00eb vitin 2029.<\/p>\n<p>Si nj\u00eb baz\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e deg\u00ebs s\u00eb re jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur teknologjit\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48524\">Fedora 28<\/a><\/noindex>. Dega e re \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr kalimin n\u00eb Wayland si parazgjedhje, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e iptables me nftables, p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e komponenteve thelb\u00ebsore (n\u00ebnd\u00ebrmarrja 4.18, GCC 8), p\u00ebrdorimin e menaxherit t\u00eb paketave DNF n\u00eb vend t\u00eb YUM, p\u00ebrdorimin e depozitave modulare, si dhe pezullimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr KDE dhe Btrfs. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c7el\u00ebsore <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/8.0_release_notes\/index\">n\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kalimi n\u00eb menaxherin e paketave <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45730\">DNF<\/a><\/noindex> me ofrimin e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr kompatibilitet me Yum n\u00eb nivelin e opsioneve t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komand\u00ebs. Krahasuar me Yum, DNF ka nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe konsumin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb memories, menaxhon m\u00eb mir\u00eb var\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtet grupimin e paketave n\u00eb module;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ndarja n\u00eb depozit\u00ebn baz\u00eb BaseOS dhe depozit\u00ebn modulare AppStream. N\u00eb BaseOS shp\u00ebrndahet grupi minimal i paketave t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e sistemit, gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr <noindex>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtyr\u00eb<\/noindex> n\u00eb depozit\u00ebn AppStream. AppStream mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb dy forma: si nj\u00eb depo RPM klasike dhe si nj\u00eb depo n\u00eb format modular.\n<p>Depozita modulare ofron grupe t\u00eb paketave rpm t\u00eb organizuara n\u00eb module, mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat kryhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur nga l\u00ebshimet e distribucionit. Modulet mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar versione alternative t\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacioni t\u00eb caktuar (p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb instaloni PostgreSQL 9.6 ose PostgreSQL 10). Organizimi modular u lejon p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebshime t\u00eb reja t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb aplikacionit pa pritur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb l\u00ebshim t\u00eb ri t\u00eb distribucionit dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb versione m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra, por q\u00eb ende mb\u00ebshteten, pas p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb distribucionit. Modulet p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb aplikacionin themelor dhe bibliotekat e nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e tij (si var\u00ebsi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren module t\u00eb tjera);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Si ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb parazgjedhur \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48263\">GNOME 3.28<\/a><\/noindex> me aplikimin e serverit t\u00eb ekranit Wayland si parazgjedhje. Mjedisi i bazuar n\u00eb X.Org Server \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion si opsion. Pakot me desktopin KDE jan\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar, duke mbetur vet\u00ebm mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GNOME;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketa me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi versionin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49040\">4.18<\/a><\/noindex>. Si kompajler parazgjedhor \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48535\">GCC 8.2<\/a><\/noindex>. Biblioteka sistemore Glibc \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49059\">2.28<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Si implementim parazgjedhor i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb programimit Python \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur Python 3.6. \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mb\u00ebshtetje e kufizuar p\u00ebr Python 2.7. Python nuk p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb paket\u00ebn baz\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb instalohet ve\u00e7mas. Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar versionet e Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 dhe 11, Clang\/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje p\u00ebrfshihet sistemi nd\u00ebrtues CMake (3.11);\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Instaluesi Anaconda ka shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr instalimin e sistemit n\u00eb pajisje NVDIMM;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb installer dhe n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr enkriptimin e disqeve duke p\u00ebrdorur formatin LUKS2, i cili ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar formatin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm LUKS1 (n\u00eb dm-crypt dhe cryptsetup LUKS2 tani ofrohet si standard). LUKS2 \u00ebsht\u00eb i shquar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb thjeshtuar t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj (4096 n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 512, duke zvog\u00ebluar ngarkes\u00ebn gjat\u00eb dekryptimit), identifikues simbolik\u00eb t\u00eb ndarjeve (label) dhe mjete p\u00ebr rezervimin e metadata me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rikthimit automatik nga nj\u00eb kopje n\u00eb rast d\u00ebmtimi.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb utilitare e re Composer, e cila ofron mjete p\u00ebr krijimin e imazheve sistemore t\u00eb personalizuara t\u00eb ngarkimit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr implementimin n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb ndryshme cloud platformash;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Btrfs. Moduli i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs btrfs.ko, utilitat btrfs-progs dhe paketa snapper m\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje p\u00ebrfshihet mjetet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49381\">Stratis<\/a><\/noindex>, i ofron mjete p\u00ebr unifikimin dhe thjeshtimin e konfigurimit dhe menaxhimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb nj\u00eb apo m\u00eb shum\u00eb ruajt\u00ebsve lokal\u00eb. Stratis \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb (demoni stratisd) mbi n\u00ebn-sistemin devicemapper dhe XFS dhe lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e ve\u00e7orive si alokimi dinamik i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb ruajtjes, snapshotet, sigurimi i integritetit dhe krijimi i shtresave p\u00ebr caching, pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kualifikim si ekspert n\u00eb administrimin e sistemeve t\u00eb ruajtjes;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb implementuar politika sistemore t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemeve kriptografike q\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb protokollet TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec dhe Kerberos. Me ndihm\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs update-crypto-policies tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb zgjidhet nj\u00eb nga<br \/>\nmodet e zgjedhjes s\u00eb kripto-algoritmeve: default, legacy, future dhe fips. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb default, jan\u00eb aktivizuar l\u00ebshimi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49255\">OpenSSL 1.1.1<\/a><\/noindex> me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr TLS 1.3;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje sistemore p\u00ebr smartcards dhe HSM (Hardware Security Modules) me token\u00eb kriptografik\u00eb PKCS#11;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ish-k\u00ebrcimeve iptables, ip6tables, arptables dhe ebtables, filtrimi i paketave nftables tani aplikohet si default dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur p\u00ebr unifikimin e interfaces s\u00eb filtrimit t\u00eb paketave p\u00ebr IPv4, IPv6, ARP dhe urat rrjet. Nftables ofron nj\u00eb interface t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, t\u00eb pavarur nga protokolli p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs dhe ofron funksionalitete themelore p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga paketat, kryerjen e operacioneve me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe menaxhimin e fluksit. Logjika e filtrimit dhe trajtuesit specifik\u00eb p\u00ebr protokollin kompaktizohen n\u00eb kodin bajt n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ky kod bajt ngarkohet n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb p\u00ebrmes interface Netlink dhe ekzekutohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, t\u00eb ngjashme me BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Demon firewalld \u00ebsht\u00eb migruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nftables si backend default. P\u00ebr t\u00eb transformuar rregullat e vjetra jan\u00eb shtuar utilitetet iptables-translate dhe ip6tables-translate;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar lidhjen rrjetore midis disa konteiner\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr drejtuesit p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb rrjeti virtual IPVLAN;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb paketimin baz\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb serveri http nginx (1.14). Apache httpd \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 2.4.35, dhe OpenSSH n\u00eb 7.8p1.\n<p> N\u00eb repo jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6\/10 dhe Redis 4.0. SSBMongoDB nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49449\">kalimit<\/a><\/noindex> Licenc\u00ebs s\u00eb re SSPL, e cila ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur si e hapur;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponent\u00ebt p\u00ebr virtualizim jan\u00eb modernizuar. Kur krijoni makina virtuale, p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar tipi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.qemu.org\/Features\/Q35\">Q35<\/a><\/noindex> (emulimi i chipset-it ICH9) me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr PCI Express. Tani mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nd\u00ebrfaqja web Cockpit p\u00ebr krijimin dhe menaxhimin e makinave virtuale. Nd\u00ebrfaqja virt-manager \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur e vjetruar. QEMU \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48493\">2.12<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb QEMU \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar moda e izolimit sandbox, e cila kufizon thirrjet sistemore q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren nga komponent\u00ebt e QEMU;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmat e gjurmimit t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb eBPF, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb me an\u00eb t\u00eb veglave SystemTap (4.0). Pjesa p\u00ebrfshin utilitetet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin dhe ngarkimin e programeve BPF;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale p\u00ebr n\u00ebn-sistemin XDP (eXpress Data Path), i cili lejon n\u00eb Linux ekzekutimin e programeve BPF n\u00eb nivelin e draiverit t\u00eb rrjetit me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qasjes direkte n\u00eb DMA-bufferin e paketave dhe n\u00eb faz\u00ebn para ndarjes s\u00eb bufferit skbuff nga staku i rrjetit;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar utilitari boom p\u00ebr menaxhimin e cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb boot-it. Boom e b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb kryerjen e operacioneve t\u00eb tilla si krijimi i regjistrimeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb boot-it, p\u00ebr shembull, kur nevojitet ngarkimi nga LVM-snapshot. Boom \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shtimin e regjistrimeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb boot-it dhe nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar ato ekzistuese.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb integruar nj\u00eb mjet i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr menaxhimin e kontejner\u00ebve t\u00eb izoluar, duke p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e kontejner\u00ebve  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/daemon-haunted-container-world-no-longer-introducing-buildah-10\">Buildah<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/articles\/podman-next-generation-linux-container-tools\/\">Podman<\/a><\/noindex>  dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur imazhe t\u00eb gatshme \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.openshift.com\/promoting-container-images-between-registries-with-skopeo\/\">Skopeo<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e lidhura me klasterizimin. Menaxheri i burimeve t\u00eb klasterit Pacemaker \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 2.0. N\u00eb utilitarin  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClusterLabs\/pcs\">pcs<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje e plot\u00eb p\u00ebr Corosync 3, knet dhe k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr emrat e nyjeve;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Skritpert e klasike p\u00ebr konfigurimin e rrjetit (network-scripts) jan\u00eb shpallur t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorura dhe tani nuk ofrohen si t\u00eb parazgjedhura. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar pajtueshm\u00ebri prapavepruese, jan\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje mbi NetworkManager, duke punuar p\u00ebrmes utilitarit nmcli;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/considerations_in_adopting_rhel_8\/index\">Fshihen<\/a><\/noindex> paket: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, empathy, finger, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me chrony), qemu (e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me qemu-kvm), qt (e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (tani p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb paket\u00ebn kryesore ruby), system-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrgatitur imazhi bazik universa (UBI, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/introducing-red-hat-universal-base-image\">Imazhi Bazik Universali<\/a><\/noindex>) p\u00ebr krijimin e kontenier\u00ebve t\u00eb izoluar, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb leht\u00ebsimin e krijimit t\u00eb kontenier\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve t\u00eb vetme. 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