{"id":33254,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/o-edkom-i-ne-ochen\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:35","slug":"o-edkom-i-ne-ochen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/o-edkom-i-ne-ochen","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a608588a68e2d8f22e371a37bdea673e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2013 K\u00ebta idiot\u00eb vendos\u00ebn nj\u00eb en\u00eb porcelani me \"xhel\" n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar, t\u00eb izoluar n\u00eb maksimum... At\u00ebher\u00eb ata mendonin se dhoma ishte e izoluar n\u00eb maksimum, por kur hap\u00ebn en\u00ebn me manipulator\u00ebt, \"xheli\" kaloi p\u00ebrmes metali dhe plastik\u00ebs, si uji n\u00eb nj\u00eb leck\u00eb, doli jasht\u00eb dhe \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb prekte p\u00ebrs\u00ebri u kthye n\u00eb \"xhel\". T\u00eb tridhjet\u00eb e pes\u00eb njer\u00ebz humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn, mbi nj\u00ebqind u d\u00ebmtuan, dhe e gjith\u00eb godina e laboratorit u shkat\u00ebrrua plot\u00ebsisht. A keni qen\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb aty? Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim i mrekulluesh\u00ebm! Tani \"xheli\" po rrjedh n\u00eb bodrumet dhe katet e poshtme... Ja ku e keni nj\u00eb paradh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr kontaktin.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<i> \u2014 A. Strugatsky, B. Strugatsky \"Pikniku n\u00eb an\u00eb t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs\"<\/i><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, %%username%!<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb un\u00eb akoma po shkruaj di\u00e7ka, faj\u00ebsoni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450848\/#comment_20126644\">k\u00ebt\u00eb njeri<\/a><\/noindex>. Ai ndihmoi n\u00eb krijimin e ides\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Thjesht, pas disa reflektimeve, vendosa q\u00eb nj\u00eb ekskursion i vog\u00ebl mbi substancat korrozive do t\u00eb rezultonte relativisht shpejt. Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb interesante p\u00ebr disa njer\u00ebz. Disa tjera \u2014 ndoshta edhe t\u00eb dobishme.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMenj\u00ebher\u00eb le t\u00eb sqarojm\u00eb disa koncepte. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Korroziv \u2014 1. Ngrit\u00ebs kimikisht. 2. I ashp\u00ebr, shkakton acarim, dhimbje. 3. Ironik, sarkastik.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<i>Ozhegov S.I. Fjalori i gjuh\u00ebs ruse. \u2014 M.: Rus. gjuh\u00eb, 1990. \u2014 921 fq.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pra, ne hedhim menj\u00ebher\u00eb dy p\u00ebrkufizimet e fundit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Po ashtu, hedhim \"korroziv\u00eb\" lakrimatori \u2014 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb aq corroziv\u00eb, sa shkaktojn\u00eb lot, dhe sternit\u00ebt \u2014 q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb koll\u00eb. Po, m\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb substanca q\u00eb kan\u00eb k\u00ebto veti, por ato \u2014 \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja! \u2014 v\u00ebrtet korrozion material, dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe mishin.<\/p>\n<p>Ne nuk do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb substanca q\u00eb jan\u00eb korrozive vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr njeriun dhe t\u00eb ngjashmet \u2014 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit specifik t\u00eb membranave t\u00eb qelizave. Prandaj, iprit\u00ebt do t\u00eb mbeten jasht\u00eb diskutimit.<\/p>\n<p>Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb lidhjet q\u00eb n\u00eb kushte ambienti \u2014 jan\u00eb l\u00ebngje. Prandaj, oksigjeni dhe azoti likuid, si dhe gazra si fluor do t\u00eb lihen jasht\u00eb shqyrtimit, ndon\u00ebse ato mund t\u00eb konsiderohen korrozive, po.<\/p>\n<p>Si zakonisht, shikimi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht subjektiv, i bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time. Dhe po \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e mundur q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend ndonj\u00eb person \u2014 shkruani komente, %username%, brenda tre dit\u00ebve nga publikimi un\u00eb do ta plot\u00ebsoj artikullin me at\u00eb q\u00eb kam harruar q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim!<\/p>\n<p>Dhe po \u2014 nuk kam koh\u00eb dhe forc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb \"hit-parad\u00eb\", prandaj do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje. Dhe me t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrjashtimet \u2014 ajo doli mjaft e shkurt\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<h3>Korroziv\u00eb alkalin<\/h3>\n<p>\nDhe konkretisht \u2014 hidroksidet e metalieve t\u00eb alkaleve: litiumi, natriumi, kaliumi, rubidiumi, ceziumi, francia, hidroksidi i talliumit (I) dhe hidroksidi i barit. Por: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ne heqim litiumin, ceziumin, rubidiumin dhe barin \u2014 t\u00eb shtrenjta dhe rrall\u00eb t\u00eb hasura.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00ebse ti, %username%, has hidroksidin e franciumit, at\u00ebher\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsia do t\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoj\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit \u2014 ai \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht radioaktiv.<\/li>\n<li>Po ashtu me talliumin \u2014 ai \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht helmuese.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPrandaj mbeten natriumi dhe kaliumi. Por t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb \u2014 pronat e t\u00eb gjitha hidroksideve t\u00eb larta jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n<p>Hidroksidi i natriumit \u2014 si \u00absoda kaustike\u00bb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Hidroksidi i kaliumit si aditiv ushqimor E525 \u2014 gjithashtu. T\u00eb dy kan\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb ngjashme: jan\u00eb shum\u00eb higroskopike, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin uj\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb aj\u00ebr \u00abshkrijn\u00eb\u00bb. Zgjaten mir\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00eb, duke l\u00ebshuar nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abShkrirja\u00bb n\u00eb aj\u00ebr \u2014 n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb formimi i zgjidhjeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara t\u00eb hidroksideve. Prandaj, n\u00ebse vendos nj\u00eb cop\u00eb hidroksidi t\u00eb lart\u00eb mbi let\u00ebr, l\u00ebkur\u00eb, disa metale (si alumini) \u2014 pas kalimit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, do t\u00eb zbulohet se materiali \u00ebsht\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb mir\u00eb! Ajo q\u00eb u tregua n\u00eb \u00abKlubin e Luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve\u00bb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn: n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, duar t\u00eb djersitura \u2014 po n\u00eb hidroksid \u2014 do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dhimbshme! Personalish, m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dukur m\u00eb e dhimbshme se nga acidi klorhidrik (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse duar jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb thata \u2014 p\u00ebr siguri n\u00eb hidroksidin e that\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndiesh gj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Hidroksidet e larta shp\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb yndyrat n\u00eb glicerin\u00eb dhe kripra t\u00eb acideve yndyrore \u2014 k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrgatisin sapun (p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, \u00abKlubi i Luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve!\u00bb). Pak m\u00eb gjat\u00eb, por po ashtu efektivisht, proteinat shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhen \u2014 pra n\u00eb parim hidroksidet shp\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb mishin, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht zgjidhjet e forta \u2014 po n\u00eb ngrohje. Nj\u00eb disavantazh n\u00eb krahasim me acidin klorhidrik (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin gjithashtu do t\u00eb flas) \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha hidroksidet t\u00ebrheqin dyoksidin e karbonit nga atmosfera, prandaj fuqia do t\u00eb ulet gradualisht. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, hidroksidet reagojn\u00eb gjithashtu me komponent\u00ebt e qelqit \u2014 qelqi b\u00ebhet i paqart\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebr ta shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb, sigurisht q\u00eb duhen p\u00ebrpjekje. <\/p>\n<p>Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb hidroksidet e teter-alkilammoniumit gjithashtu p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb hidroksidet e larta, p\u00ebr shembull.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Hidroksidi i tetrametilammoniumit<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/535d93de48ca03e4ac57eae348d9e6fb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, k\u00ebto substanca kan\u00eb bashkuar cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e agjent\u00ebve sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb kationik\u00eb (si sapuni i zakonsh\u00ebm, vet\u00ebm se kationik: k\u00ebtu, pjesa aktive \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb difilike me ngarkes\u00eb \u2018+\u2019, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb sapun ngarkesa \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018-\u2019). N\u00ebse t\u00eb bie n\u00eb duar, mund ta p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh me uj\u00eb si sapun; n\u00ebse e ngroh n\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje uji, do t\u00eb shkrihet n\u00eb flok\u00eb, l\u00ebkur\u00eb ose thonj. 'Shk\u00eblqimi' n\u00eb krahasim me ndryshuesit e natriumit dhe kaliumit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi sulfurik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>H2SO4<\/b><br \/>\nNdoshta m\u00eb popullori n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha historit\u00eb. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb korroziv, por mjaft i pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm: acidi sulfurik i p\u00ebrqendruar (i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb 98%)\u2014nj\u00eb l\u00ebng vajor, i cili e do shum\u00eb ujin dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ia merr at\u00eb. Duke i marr\u00eb ujin celuloz\u00ebs dhe sheqerit, i digjet. Po ashtu, ai do t\u2019i marr\u00eb uj\u00ebn edhe ty, %username%, sidomos n\u00ebse e derdh mbi l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e ndjeshme t\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs ose n\u00eb sy (po, n\u00eb sy me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhin aventurat). Disa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e p\u00ebrziejn\u00eb acidin sulfurik me vaj, q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr tu lar\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrthith\u00ebt m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu, duke marr\u00eb ujin, acidi sulfurik nxehet shum\u00eb, \u00e7ka e b\u00ebn edhe m\u00eb dramatike situat\u00ebn. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ta pastroni me uj\u00eb\u2014\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide shum\u00eb e keqe. M\u00eb mir\u00eb\u2014me vaj (p\u00ebr ta lar\u00eb, jo p\u00ebr ta f\u00ebrkuar\u2014pastaj e lani me uj\u00eb). Ose me nj\u00eb rrjedhje t\u00eb madhe uji, q\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb ftoh\u00eb gjithashtu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abS\u00eb pari uji, pastaj acidi\u2014ndryshe do ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsi e madhe!\u00bb \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr acidin sulfurik, megjith\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb besojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do acid.<\/p>\n<p>Si oksidues, acidi sulfurik oksidon sip\u00ebrfaqen e metaleve deri n\u00eb oksidet. Dhe pasi interaksioni i oksideve me acidet ndodh me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e ujit si nj\u00eb katalizator\u2014dhe acidi sulfurik nuk e l\u00ebshon ujin\u2014ndodh efekti i quajtur pasivizim: nj\u00eb film i trash\u00eb, i pap\u00ebrshkuesh\u00ebm dhe i pandash\u00ebm i oksidit t\u00eb metalit e mbron at\u00eb nga shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm, acidi sulfurik i p\u00ebrqendruar d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb larg\u00ebta si hekuri, alumini. E ve\u00e7anta \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00ebse acidi hollon\u2014shfaqet uji, dhe nuk mundet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet\u2014metalet shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhen.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu, oksidi i sulfurit SO3 shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet n\u00eb acidin sulfurik dhe rezulton oleumi\u2014i cili ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb shkruhet gabimisht si H2S2O7, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e sakt\u00eb. Oleumi ka nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ndaj ujit.<\/p>\n<p>Ndjenja personale nga kontakti i acidit sulfurik me dor\u00ebn: pak ngroht\u00eb, pastaj pak djeg\u00ebse - e lash\u00eb posht\u00eb krahut, nuk ishte asgj\u00eb e keqe. Mos i besoni filmit, por mos e lini t\u00eb bjer\u00eb n\u00eb fytyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Organik\u00ebt shpesh p\u00ebrdorin krompik ose \"p\u00ebrzierje kromi\" - kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb bikromat kaliumi i tretur n\u00eb acid sulfurik. N\u00eb thelb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tretje e acidit kromik, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pastrimin e en\u00ebve nga mbetjet organike. Kur e merr n\u00eb dor\u00eb, gjithashtu djeg, por n\u00eb thelb - acid sulfurik plus kromi toksik me gjasht\u00eb valenca. Nuk do t\u00eb keni vrima n\u00eb dor\u00eb, ndoshta vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rroba.<\/p>\n<p>Autori i k\u00ebtyre rreshtave njeh nj\u00eb idiot, i cili n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bikromatit kaliumi p\u00ebrdori permanganatin kaliumi. Kur u kontaktua me organik\u00ebn, ndodhi nj\u00eb goditje e vog\u00ebl. T\u00eb pranishmit u frik\u00ebsuan pak.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi klorhidrik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>HCl<\/b><br \/>\nM\u00eb shum\u00eb se 38% nuk ka n\u00eb uj\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga acidet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr tretjen - n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e fuqishme se t\u00eb tjerat, sepse teknologjikisht mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e past\u00ebr, dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 veprimit si acid, formon klorure komplekse, q\u00eb rrisin tretshm\u00ebrin\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shkak, kloruri i argjendit q\u00eb nuk tretet, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i tretsh\u00ebm n\u00eb acid klorhidrik t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar.<\/p>\n<p>Kur bie n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb, djeg pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb, subjektivisht - gjithashtu kremton, dhe p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr ka nj\u00eb er\u00eb t\u00eb keqe: n\u00ebse punoni shum\u00eb me acid klorhidrik t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator me thithje t\u00eb dob\u00ebt - dentisti juaj do t'ju thot\u00eb \"faleminderit\": do ta b\u00ebni at\u00eb t\u00eb pasur me plomba. Po ashtu, \u00e7am\u00e7ak\u00ebzi ndihmon. Por jo shum\u00eb. M\u00eb mir\u00eb - thithja.<\/p>\n<p>Duke qen\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vajore dhe nuk ngroh shum\u00eb n\u00eb uj\u00eb, djeg\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr metalet, dhe jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00e7eliku n\u00eb acid klorhidrik t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar pasivizohet dhe i thot\u00eb \"jo!\". K\u00ebt\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorin gjat\u00eb transportit.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi nitrik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>HNO3<\/b><br \/>\nGjithashtu shum\u00eb i njohur, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme \u00ebsht\u00eb tem\u00eb frike - e kot\u00eb. E p\u00ebrqendruar - kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb deri n\u00eb 70% - \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e njohura, m\u00eb shum\u00eb - \u00ebsht\u00eb \"me tym\", m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti q\u00eb askujt nuk i nevojitet. Ka gjithashtu pauj\u00eb - ajo madje shp\u00ebrthen. <\/p>\n<p>Duke qen\u00eb oksidues, pasivizon shum\u00eb metale, t\u00eb cilat mbulohen me nj\u00eb film t\u00eb pa tretsh\u00ebm dhe thon\u00eb: \"mirupafshim\" - k\u00ebto jan\u00eb kromi, hekuri, alumini, kobalti, nikeli dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>L\u00ebkura reagon menj\u00ebher\u00eb sipas parimit t\u00eb reaksionit xanthoproteinic \u2014 do t\u00eb ket\u00eb njoll\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ti, %username%, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit je b\u00ebr\u00eb nga proteina! Pas nj\u00eb kohe, l\u00ebkura e verdh\u00eb do t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb si pas nj\u00eb djegie. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ndjenjat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pakta se ato t\u00eb asidit klorhidrik, megjithat\u00eb era \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e keqe \u2014 dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb toksike: oksidet e azotit q\u00eb fluturojn\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb aspak t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr trupin.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kimi p\u00ebrdoren ajo q\u00eb quhet \"p\u00ebrzierja nitruese\" \u2014 e vetmja e njohur p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga acidi sulfurik dhe acidi azotit. P\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sintez\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb prodhimin e substanc\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebndshme \u2014 pikroxilin\u00ebs. N\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsin\u00eb \u2014 e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me krompik plus l\u00ebkur\u00eb t\u00eb bukur t\u00eb verdh\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Ka gjithashtu \"uji mbret\u00ebror\" \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e acidit azotik n\u00eb tri pjes\u00eb t\u00eb acidit klorhidrik. P\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr tretjen e disa metaleve, kryesisht ato t\u00eb \u00e7muara. N\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb ndryshme dhe me shtimin e ujit bazohet metoda e verifikimit t\u00eb mostrave t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb ari \u2014 p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mashtroni specialist\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb me imitim. N\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsin\u00eb p\u00ebr l\u00ebkur\u00ebn \u2014 e nj\u00ebjta \"p\u00ebrzierje nitruese\" plus p\u00ebrhapja e nj\u00eb arom\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, arom\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund ta ngat\u00ebrroni me asgj\u00eb, gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft toksike.<\/p>\n<p>Ka gjithashtu \"vodka mbret\u00ebrore e kund\u00ebrt\" \u2014 kur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia \u00ebsht\u00eb e kund\u00ebrt, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb specifik\u00eb e rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi fosforik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>H3PO4<\/b><br \/>\nN\u00eb realitet kam paraqitur formul\u00ebn e acidit ortofosforik \u2014 m\u00eb e zakonshme. Ka gjithashtu metafosforik, polifosforik, ultrafosforik \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mjaft, por nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n<p>Acidi ortofosforik i p\u00ebrqendruar (85%) \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebng i till\u00eb. Acidi vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mesatar, shpesh p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb industrin\u00eb ushqimore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar \u2014 kur t\u00eb vendosin plumbat, sip\u00ebrfaqja e dh\u00ebmbit p\u00ebrgatitet paraprakisht me acid fosforik.<\/p>\n<p>Korroziviteti i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb i k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm, por ka nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme: ky l\u00ebng p\u00ebrthithet mir\u00eb. Prandaj, n\u00ebse bie mbi gj\u00ebra \u2014 p\u00ebrthithet, dhe pastaj fillon ngadal\u00eb t\u00eb korroj\u00eb. Dhe n\u00ebse nga acidet azotike dhe kloridike do t\u00eb kishte njoll\u00eb ose vrim\u00eb \u2014 at\u00ebher\u00eb nga acidi fosforik, gj\u00ebja do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7arapitet, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme n\u00eb k\u00ebpuc\u00eb, kur vrima si p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje, derisa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrtej.<\/p>\n<p>Pra, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta quash t\u00eb padurueshme.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi fluorkarburi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>HF<\/b><br \/>\nAcidi fluorkarburi i p\u00ebrqendruar \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 38%, megjithat\u00eb ndodhin p\u00ebrjashtime t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb acid i dob\u00ebt, q\u00eb merr dashuri t\u00eb eg\u00ebr nga jonet e fluoridit duke formuar komplekse t\u00eb forta me gjith\u00e7ka me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb lidhet. Prandaj, ai shpesh zgjidh gj\u00ebra q\u00eb mikeshat e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme nuk mund t'i zgjidhin, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye p\u00ebrdoret shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrje. Kur prek dor\u00ebn, ndjesit\u00eb do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb atyre p\u00ebrzierjeve, por ka nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Acidi fluorhidrik shp\u00ebrb\u00ebn SiO2. Pra, r\u00ebr\u00eb. Pra, xham. Pra, kuarc. Dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Jo, n\u00ebse e derdh n\u00eb dritare, ajo nuk do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet, por do t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb njoll\u00eb turp\u00ebruese. P\u00ebr ta shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb, duhet ta mbash gjat\u00eb dhe m\u00eb mir\u00eb akoma \u2014 ta ngroh\u00ebsh. Gjat\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes \u00e7lirohet SiF4, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin, saq\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ta b\u00ebsh n\u00ebn nj\u00eb sistem ventilimi.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb detaj i vog\u00ebl, por i k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm: siliciumi ndodhet tek ti, %username%, n\u00eb thonjt\u00eb e tu. Pra, n\u00ebse acidi fluorhidrik arrin n\u00ebn thonj, ti nuk do t\u00eb vesh re asgj\u00eb. Por nat\u00ebn nuk do t\u00eb mundesh t\u00eb flesh \u2014 do t\u00eb ndjehet nj\u00eb dhimbje T\u00cb till\u00eb saq\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb t\u00eb vij\u00eb t\u00eb heq\u00ebsh gishtin. Besom\u00eb, mik \u2014 un\u00eb e di.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, acidi fluorhidrik \u00ebsht\u00eb toksik, kancerogjen, dhe absorbohet p\u00ebrmes l\u00ebkur\u00ebs e shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera \u2014 por ne sot po flasim p\u00ebr acidoz\u00ebn, apo jo?<\/p>\n<p>A e mban mend, ne u dakorduam n\u00eb fillim se fluor nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb? Ai nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb. Por do t\u00eb ket\u00eb\u2026<\/p>\n<h3>Fluoride t\u00eb gazrave inert\u00eb<\/h3>\n<p>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, flori \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb djal\u00eb i ashp\u00ebr, nuk mund t\u00eb luash shum\u00eb me t\u00eb, andaj disa gazra inert\u00eb formojn\u00eb me t\u00eb fluoride. Flok\u00ebt e stabilizuar t\u00eb fluoridit jan\u00eb KrF2, XeF2, XeF4, XeF6. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb kristale, t\u00eb cilat ndahen me lag\u00ebshti n\u00eb aj\u00ebr n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb acid fluorhidrik. Acidoza \u2014 p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. <\/p>\n<h3>Acidi jodhidrik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>HI<\/b><br \/>\nAcidi binar m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm (n\u00eb grad\u00ebn e disociat\u00ebs n\u00eb uj\u00eb). Nj\u00eb reduktor i fuqish\u00ebm, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga kimist\u00ebt organik\u00eb. N\u00eb aj\u00ebr oksidohet dhe b\u00ebhet kafe, duke ndotur n\u00eb kontakt. Ndjesit\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt \u2014 si ato nga acidi klorhidrik. Kaq.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidi klorhidrik<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>HClO4<\/b><br \/>\nNj\u00eb nga acidet m\u00eb t\u00eb forta (p\u00ebr nga shkalla e disociacionit n\u00eb uj\u00eb) n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi (me t\u00eb cilat konkurrojn\u00eb superacidet - p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat do flasim m\u00eb posht\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb funksioni i aciditetit t\u00eb Hammetit (shprehja numerike e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb mjedisit p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb donor protonesh ndaj nj\u00eb baze sipas zgjedhjes, aq m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb, aq m\u00eb e fort\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb acidi) \u00ebsht\u00eb -13. N\u00eb gjendje anhidre - \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb oksidues i fort\u00eb, p\u00eblqen t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthej\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb e paq\u00ebndrueshme. E p\u00ebrqendruar (70%-72%) - \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb oksidues po aq i mir\u00eb, shpesh p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimin e objekteve biologjike. Shkat\u00ebrrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb interesant dhe emocionues sepse mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthej\u00eb gjat\u00eb procesit: duhen ndjekur v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb grimca karboni, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos ziejn\u00eb shum\u00eb, etj. Acidi klorotik \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu mjaft t\u00eb papast\u00ebr - nuk mund t\u00eb pastrohet me subdestilimin, shp\u00ebrthen q\u00eb k\u00ebtu! Prandaj, nuk p\u00ebrdoret shpesh.<\/p>\n<p>Kur prek l\u00ebkur\u00ebn, djeg, ndjenja si nga acidi kloridik. Ka nj\u00eb er\u00eb t\u00eb keqe. Kur shihni n\u00eb filma q\u00eb dikush hedh nj\u00eb trup n\u00eb nj\u00eb en\u00eb me acid kloridik - dhe ai \u00ebsht\u00eb tretur, po, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur - por zgjat shum\u00eb ose duhet t\u00eb ngrohet. N\u00ebse ngrohet - mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthej\u00eb (shih m\u00eb sip\u00ebr). Prandaj, jini kritik ndaj kinematografis\u00eb (mendoj se e kam par\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb \"Cloverfield, 10\").<\/p>\n<p>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ashp\u00ebrsia e oksidit t\u00eb klorit (VII) Cl2O7 dhe oksidit t\u00eb klorit (VI) Cl2O6 \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultati i asaj q\u00eb me ujin k\u00ebto okside formojn\u00eb acid kloridik.<\/p>\n<p>Tani imagjinoni se kemi vendosur t\u00eb bashkojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje aciditetin e fort\u00eb - dhe ashp\u00ebrsin\u00eb e fluorit: do t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb t\u00eb acidit klorotik ose sulfurik - dhe do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha grupet hidroxile n\u00eb t\u00eb me fluor! Nj\u00eb pleh do t\u00eb dal\u00eb: ajo do t\u00eb reagoj\u00eb me ujin dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb ngjashme - dhe n\u00eb vendin e reaksionit do t\u00eb prodhohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb acid i fort\u00eb dhe acid fluoroantimonik. A?<\/p>\n<h3>Floridet e sulfurit, bromit dhe jodit<\/h3>\n<p>\nA e kujtoni se u pajtuam t\u00eb shqyrtonim vet\u00ebm l\u00ebngjet? P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye n\u00eb artikullin ton\u00eb nuk u p\u00ebrfshi <b>trifloriid klori ClF3<\/b>, i cili ziej kur temperatura arrin +12 \u00b0C, ndon\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha legjendat rreth tij se \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb toksik, ndez gjith\u00e7ka, maske gazi dhe kur derdhen 900 kilogram - kalon p\u00ebrmes 30 cm betonit dhe nj\u00eb metri guri - e gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Por ne u pajtuam - l\u00ebngje.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb l\u00ebng t\u00eb verdh\u00eb - <b>pentafluorid jodi IF5<\/b>, nj\u00eb l\u00ebng pa ngjyr\u00eb - <b>trifloriid bromi BrF3<\/b>, ngjyr\u00eb e leht\u00eb e verdh\u00eb - <b>pentafluorid bromi BrF5<\/b>, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb mir\u00eb. BrF5, p\u00ebr shembull, gjithashtu tret metalet, xhamin dhe betonin.<\/p>\n<p>E ngjash\u00ebm \u2014 mes t\u00eb gjitha fluorid\u00ebve t\u00eb squfurit, vet\u00ebm <b>dekafluorid disulfur (ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb e quajn\u00eb gjithashtu pes\u00ebfluorid t\u00eb squfurit) \u2014 nj\u00eb l\u00ebng i pa ngjyr\u00eb me formul\u00ebn S2F10<\/b>. Por kjo lidhje \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb temperatura normale, nuk decompozitohet nga uji \u2014 k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb korrozive. E v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb 4 her\u00eb m\u00eb toksike se fosgjeni me mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm veprimi.<\/p>\n<p>A b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb, thuhet se pentaefluoridi i jodit ishte \"gazi special\" p\u00ebr mbushjen e atmosfer\u00ebs n\u00eb skenat e fundit t\u00eb filmit \"Alien\" t\u00eb vitit 1979. Epo, nuk e mbaj mend, sinqerisht.<\/p>\n<h3>Superacidet<\/h3>\n<p>\nTermi \"superacid\" u fut nga James Conant n\u00eb 1927 p\u00ebr klasifikimin e acideve m\u00eb t\u00eb forta se acidet minerale t\u00eb zakonshme. N\u00eb disa burime, acidit klorhidrik i referohet si superacid, megjith\u00ebse kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb acid mineral i zakonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb grup superacidesh jan\u00eb acide minerale t\u00eb cilave u \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar halogjen: halogjeni t\u00ebrheq elektronet, t\u00eb gjitha atomet jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb tensionuara, dhe gjithmon\u00eb i sigurohet hidrogjenit: ai \u00e7lirohet n\u00eb form\u00ebn H+ \u2014 bum: k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb acidi u b\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Shembuj \u2014 acidet fluoro-sulfuri dhe kloro-sulfuri<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/da169e8bd24bf6e224b7fe521236c277.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/54845daf101778e211d6d08eedfda872.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAcidi fluoro-sulfurs ka funksionin Hammet -15,1, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye fal\u00eb fluorit, ky acid gradualisht e zhyt en\u00ebn ku ruhet.<\/p>\n<p>Pastaj dikush nga mendjet e zgjuara mendoi: a mos t\u00eb marrim acidin e Lewis (nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ift elektron\u00ebsh nga nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb tjet\u00ebr) dhe ta p\u00ebrziejm\u00eb me acidin e Br\u00f8nsted (nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb nj\u00eb proton)! E p\u00ebrziejm\u00eb pentaefluoridin e antimonit me acidin fluoric \u2014 mor\u00ebm <b>acidin heksaefluor-antimonik HSbF6<\/b>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem, acidi fluoric l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb proton (H+), nd\u00ebrsa baza e lidhur (F\u2212) izolohet me lidhjen koordinuese me pentaefluoridin e antimonit. K\u00ebshtu formohet nj\u00eb anion oktad\u00ebrik i madh (SbF6\u2212), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nukleofil shum\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb baz\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt. Duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb \"i lir\u00eb\", protoni shkakton superaciditetin e sistemit \u2014 funksioni Hammet -28!<\/p>\n<p>Dhe m\u00eb pas erdh\u00ebn t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe than\u00eb, pse e mor\u00ebm acidin e Br\u00f8nsted t\u00eb dob\u00ebt \u2014 dhe e shpik\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Acidi tetrafuoromethanesulfonik<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e0d839f54a16d8328d58aeb90123cbf8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n \u2014 vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb superacid (funksioni Hammet \u2014 14,1). Pra, iu shtua p\u00ebrs\u00ebri pentaefluoridi i antimonit \u2014 mori nj\u00eb reduktim deri n\u00eb -16,8! Nj\u00eb tru i till\u00eb me acidin fluoro-sulfurik dha nj\u00eb reduktim deri n\u00eb -23.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe pas nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga departamenti i kimis\u00eb t\u00eb universitetit amerikan t\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga profesori Christopher Reid, u ndan\u00eb me koleg\u00ebt nga Instituti i Kataliz\u00ebs t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb Ruse t\u00eb Shkencave (Novosibirsk) dhe shpik\u00ebn acidin karboran H(CHB11Cl11). E quajt\u00ebn \"karboran\", p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e zakonsh\u00ebm, por n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ndihesh si nj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar \u2014 thua \"2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-undeklor-1-karba-kloso-dodekaboran(12)\" tre her\u00eb shpejt.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pamja e k\u00ebsaj bukurie<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d08822469e10d4484034d70e8458796b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pluhur i that\u00eb, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i tretsh\u00ebm n\u00eb uj\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb Acidi M\u00eb i Fort\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment. Acidi karboran \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb milion her\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb se acidi sulfurik i p\u00ebrqendruar. N\u00eb shkall\u00ebt e zakonshme nuk mund t\u00eb matet forca e acidit, pasi acidi protonon t\u00eb gjitha bazat e njohura t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb gjitha tret\u00ebsit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat tretet, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb uj\u00eb, benzen, fullerene-60, dhe dioksid sulfuri.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb von\u00eb, Christopher Reid n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin e lajmeve Nature tha: \"Ideja e sintez\u00ebs s\u00eb acidit karboran lindi nga fantazit\u00eb 'p\u00ebr molekulat, q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk ishin krijuar m\u00eb par\u00eb.' Ai dhe koleg\u00ebt e tij d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb ta p\u00ebrdorin acidin karboran p\u00ebr oksidimin e atomeve t\u00eb gazit inert ksenon \u2014 thjesht sepse askush nuk e kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Origjinale, p\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Rreth superacid\u00ebve \u2014 ato jan\u00eb zakonisht acide, veprojn\u00eb si zakonisht, vet\u00ebm pak m\u00eb fort. Sigurisht, do t\u00eb digjnin l\u00ebkur\u00ebn, por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se do t\u00eb mund t'i tretin. Acidi fluorosulfonik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, por aty \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka fal\u00eb fluorit, si n\u00eb acidin fluoroacetik.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidet tri-haloguide<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Dhe konkretisht \u2014 acidet trifluoro-acetike dhe trichloro-acetike<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7dd1e7804cc67741d7049422797f5b21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/de29dda77374b2df2e119c3698f3187f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAto jan\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebmbla dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme me kombinimin e vetive t\u00eb tret\u00ebsve organik\u00eb polare dhe mjaft acide t\u00eb forta. Kan\u00eb nj\u00eb arom\u00eb \u2014 duken si uthulla.<\/p>\n<p>E bukura e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb acidi trifluoroacetik: nj\u00eb zgjidhje 20%-she shkat\u00ebrron metalet, kork\u00ebn, gom\u00ebn, bakelitin dhe polietilenin. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb djeg dhe formon ul\u00e7era t\u00eb thata q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb deri n\u00eb shtres\u00ebn muskulore. <\/p>\n<p>Acidi trikloroacetik, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebllai i vog\u00ebl, por gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb keq. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb duartrokitje p\u00ebr gjinin\u00eb e dob\u00ebt: n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb bukuris\u00eb, disa shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebr procedur\u00ebn e quajtur TCA-peeling (TCA \u00ebsht\u00eb TetraChloroAcetate) \u2014 kur me k\u00ebt\u00eb acid tetrachloroacetik i tretojn\u00eb shtres\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse kosmetologu bisedon n\u00eb telefon, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat e hidhura dhe ato jo shum\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/87c9afecce779176f6db86142da5ca75.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull n\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr l\u00ebngun dhe p\u00ebr shijimin. A do t\u00eb kemi ndonj\u00eb shtes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr?<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/451010\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2013\u00a0\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043e \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c\u00bb \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e\u2026 \u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2013 \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442\u044b 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