{"id":33363,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-sejchas-proishodit-s-rdf-hranilishhami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:11","slug":"chto-sejchas-proishodit-s-rdf-hranilishhami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-sejchas-proishodit-s-rdf-hranilishhami","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb po ndodh aktualisht me magazinat RDF?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Web-i Semantik dhe Linked Data jan\u00eb si hap\u00ebsira e af\u00ebrt: aty nuk ka jet\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar atje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjat\u00eb... mir\u00eb, nuk e di \u00e7far\u00eb ju than\u00eb kur ishit f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb \"do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb b\u00ebhesha astronaut\". Por \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgoni \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh nga Toka; t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb astronom amator ose madje profesionist \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ky artikull do t\u00eb flas\u00eb p\u00ebr trendet e reja, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra se disa muaj, nga bota e magazinave RDF. Metafora n\u00eb paragrafin e par\u00eb u frym\u00ebzua nga nj\u00eb pamje reklamash epike n\u00ebn kat.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Pamja epike<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7far\u00eb po ndodh aktualisht me magazinat RDF?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/3d157fb2f771f3dc622dacc8dab0a9ee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"i-graphql-dlya-dostupa-k-rdf\">I. GraphQL p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb RDF<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/graphql-for-databases-a-layer-for-universal-database-access\/\">Thuhet<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb GraphQL pretendon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet gjuha universale e aksesit n\u00eb baza t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Por si \u00ebsht\u00eb situata me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qasjes duke p\u00ebrdorur GraphQL n\u00eb RDF?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\"Nga kutia\" k\u00ebt\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e ofrojn\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stardog (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/blog\/graphql-and-paths\/\">blog<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/docs\/#_executing_graphql_queries\">dokumentacija<\/a><\/noindex>);<\/li>\n<li>produktet TopQuadrant (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topquadrant.com\/2018\/07\/05\/graphql-webinar\/\">webinari<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topquadrant.com\/technology\/graphql\/\">dokumentacija<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse magazina nuk ofron nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb, mund ta realizoni vet\u00eb, duke shkruar nj\u00eb \"njoh\u00ebs\" (resolver) p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu vepruan, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb projektin fr\u00ebng <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/framagit.org\/datatourisme\/api\/tree\/master\/src\/Resolver\">DataTourisme<\/a><\/noindex>. Ose tani mund t\u00eb mos shkruani asgj\u00eb, thjesht merrni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hypergraphql.org\/\">HyperGraphQL<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsi ortodoks t\u00eb Semantic Web dhe Linked Data, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb, natyrisht, e trisht\u00eb, pasi duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr integrime q\u00eb rrethojn\u00eb data silo t\u00eb tjera dhe jo p\u00ebr platforma t\u00eb tilla (sigurisht, depo RDF).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrvojat nga krahasimi i GraphQL me SPARQL mbeten t\u00eb dyshimta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, GraphQL duket si nj\u00eb gjaku i larg\u00ebt i SPARQL: ai zgjidh problemet e zakonshme t\u00eb REST me t\u00eb rikthyerit dhe shum\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebrkesave - pa t\u00eb cilat, ndoshta, as nuk do t\u00eb quhej <em>gjuha e k\u00ebrkesave<\/em>, megjithat\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr web-in;<\/li>\n<li>Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb e m\u00ebrzitshme shkema e rrept\u00eb e GraphQL. Si pasoj\u00eb, \"introspektiviteti\" i tij duket shum\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb krahasim me t\u00ebr\u00eb reflektivitetin e RDF. Dhe nuk ka asnj\u00eb analog t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb, ndaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e qart\u00eb pse quhet \"Graph-\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ii-adaptery-k-mongodb\">II. Adaptuesit p\u00ebr MongoDB<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Trendi, komplementar me t\u00eb m\u00ebparshmin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb Stardog tani <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/blog\/native-mongodb-support-is-here\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin GraphQL \u2013 t\u00eb konfiguroni shfaqjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave MongoDB n\u00eb grafet virtuale RDF;<\/li>\n<li>GraphDB s\u00eb fundmi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/graphdb.ontotext.com\/documentation\/8.8\/standard\/integrating-graphdb-with-mongodb.html\">lejon<\/a><\/noindex> mund t\u00eb fut\u00eb fragmente n\u00eb SPARQL duke p\u00ebrdorur MongoDB Query.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse flasim m\u00eb gjer\u00eb, p\u00ebr adaptuesit n\u00eb burimet JSON, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt lejojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak q\u00eb JSON-i i ruajtur n\u00eb k\u00ebto burime t\u00eb paraqitet si RDF dhe, m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ci.mines-stetienne.fr\/sparql-generate\/\">SPARQL Generate<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili mund t\u00eb lidhur, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sparql-generate\/sparql-generate\">p\u00ebr shembull<\/a><\/noindex>, me Apache Jena.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb dy trendeve t\u00eb para, mund t\u00eb thuhet se depozitat RDF tregojn\u00eb gatishm\u00ebri t\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr integrime dhe funksionim n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb \"ruajtjes shum\u00ebvariantesh\" (polyglot persistence). Megjithat\u00eb, dihet se kjo e fundit tashm\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mod\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb saj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/en\/documents\/3105622\">po vjen<\/a><\/noindex> multimodelizmi. Dhe si q\u00ebndron fusha e multimodelizmit n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e depozitave RDF?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse e thjeshtojm\u00eb, asnj\u00ebher\u00eb. Tema e DBMS-ve multimodel \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb q\u00eb meriton nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, p\u00ebr momentin mund t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb se aktualisht nuk ka DBMS multimodel t\u00eb \"bazuar\" n\u00eb modelin graf, (nj\u00eb lloj i tij mund t\u00eb konsiderohet RDF). Nj\u00eb pak multimedia do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#v-podderzhka-lpg\">kapitullin V<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"iii-oltp-vs-olap\">III. OLTP vs. OLAP<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, e nj\u00ebjta Gartner <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/en\/documents\/3467318\">raporton<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb multimodelizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht sine qua non p\u00ebr <em>operacionet<\/em> DB. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e kuptueshme: n\u00eb situat\u00ebn e \"ruajtjes multivalente\", problemet kryesore lindin me transaksionalitetin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Por ku q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb depozitat RDF n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn OLTP\u2014OLAP? Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjesha k\u00ebshtu: as andej, as k\u00ebtej. P\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar at\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin jan\u00eb t\u00eb destinuara, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb akronim t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Si nj\u00eb opsion, do t\u00eb sugjeroja <em>OLIP<\/em> \u2014 Procesim Intelektual Online.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, gjithsesi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mekanizmat e integrimit n\u00eb GraphDB t\u00eb realizuar nuk jan\u00eb pak nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ontotext.com\/company\/news\/ontotexts-graphdb-8-8-0-enriches-the-knowledge-graph-experience\/\">destinimi<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar p\u00ebrtej problemeve me performanc\u00ebn e shkrimit;<\/li>\n<li>Stardog shkon edhe m\u00eb tej dhe plot\u00ebsisht <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/blog\/announcing-stardog-7-beta\/\">rishkruan<\/a><\/noindex> motorin, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn e shkrimit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tani lejoni t\u00eb paraqes nj\u00eb lojtar t\u00eb ri n\u00eb treg. nga krijuesit e IBM Netezza dhe Amazon Redshift \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridgesemantics.com\/product\/anzograph\/\">AnzoGraph<\/a><\/noindex>. Imazhi nga reklama e produktit t\u00eb bazuar mbi t\u00eb u publikua n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb artikullit. AnzoGraph e pozicionon veten si nj\u00eb zgjidhje GOLAP. Si ju duken SPARQL me funksione dritare? \u2014<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">SELECT ?month (COUNT(?event) OVER (PARTITION BY ?month) AS ?events) WHERE {  \u2026  }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"iv-rocksdb\">IV. RocksDB<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb lart tashm\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/blog\/announcing-stardog-7-beta\/\">ishte nj\u00eb lidhje<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb njoftimin p\u00ebr Stardog 7 Beta, ku u tha se Stardog do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb si sistem baz\u00eb ruajtjeje RocksDB \u2014 nj\u00eb ruajtje \"\u00e7el\u00ebs-vler\u00eb\", fork nga Facebook i Google LevelDB. Pse tashm\u00eb duhet t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb pari, sipas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RocksDB#Alternative_backend\">artikullit n\u00eb Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>, projekti RocksDB po p\u00ebrdoret jo vet\u00ebm nga ruajtjet RDF. Ka projekte q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin RocksDB si motor ruajtjeje n\u00eb ArangoDB, MongoDB, MySQL dhe MariaDB, Cassandra.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>E dyta, n\u00eb RocksDB po b\u00ebhen projekte (dmth. jo produkte) p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shembull, eBay p\u00ebrdor RocksDB n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/eBay\/beam\">platform\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> e tij p\u00ebr \"grafikun e njohurive\". P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb arg\u00ebtuese t\u00eb lexosh: <em>gjuha e pyetjeve filloi si nj\u00eb format i zhvilluar brenda, por s\u00eb fundi ka kaluar t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb si SPARQL<\/em>. Si n\u00eb anekdot\u00eb: sa her\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb grafik njohurie, prap\u00eb rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb RDF.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr \u2014 sh\u00ebrbimi i pyetjeve p\u00ebr historin\u00eb Wikidata, i shfaqur disa muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Wikidata:History_Query_Service\">. Para shfaqjes s\u00eb tij, p\u00ebr informacionet historike t\u00eb Wikidatave, duhej t\u00eb ktheheshim te<\/a><\/noindex>MWAPI <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/wiki\/Wikidata_Query_Service\/User_Manual\/MWAPI\">p\u00ebrmes standardit Mediawiki API. Tani shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra jan\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme n\u00eb SPARQL t\u00eb past\u00ebr. \"N\u00ebn kapak\", atje \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu RocksDB. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duket se WDHQS \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga nj\u00eb person q\u00eb u m\u00ebsua me importimin e Freebase n\u00eb Google Knowledge Graph.<\/a><\/noindex> V. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr LPG<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"v-podderzhka-lpg\">V. Mb\u00ebshtetje LPG<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb kujtoj p\u00ebr dallimin kryesor midis grafik\u00ebve LPG dhe grafik\u00ebve RDF.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb LPG, instancat e skelave mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb vet\u00ebsi skalar, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb RDF ato mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2018tipa\u2019 skelash (pavar\u00ebsisht se jo vet\u00ebm vet\u00ebsi skalar, por edhe lidhje t\u00eb zakonshme). Kjo kufizim i RDF n\u00eb krahasim me LPG <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/swbp-n-aryRelations\/\">shk\u00ebputet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet teknikave t\u00eb ndryshme modelimi. Nd\u00ebrsa kufizimi i LPG n\u00eb krahasim me RDF \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u tejkaluar, grafik\u00ebt LPG jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me ilustrimet n\u00eb librin e Hararit, prandaj njer\u00ebzit i preferojn\u00eb ato.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb paku, detyra e \u2018mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb LPG\u2019 ndahet n\u00eb dy pjes\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>shtimi n\u00eb modelin RDF t\u00eb ndryshimeve q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb imitim t\u00eb strukturave LPG;<\/li>\n<li>shtimi n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e pyetjeve p\u00ebr RDF ndryshimeve q\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e k\u00ebtij modeli t\u00eb ndryshuar, ose realizimi i mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pyetje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt populare t\u00eb pyetjeve p\u00ebr LPG.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"v1--model-dannyh\">V.1. Modeli i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu ka disa qasje t\u00eb mundshme.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>V.1.1. Vet\u00ebsia Singleton<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qasja m\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr harmonizimin e RDF dhe LPG \u00ebsht\u00eb, ndoshta, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4350149\/\">vet\u00ebsia singleton<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00eb vend t\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, predikatit <code>:isMarriedTo<\/code> p\u00ebrdoren predikatet <code>:isMarriedTo1<\/code>, <code>:isMarriedTo2<\/code> etj.<\/li>\n<li>Pastaj k\u00ebto predikate b\u00ebhen subjekte t\u00eb tripleteve t\u00eb reja: <code>:isMarriedTo1 :since &quot;2013-09-13&quot;^^xsd:date<\/code> etj.<\/li>\n<li>Lidhja e k\u00ebtyre instancave t\u00eb predikateve me predikatin e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt vendoset nga tripletet e llojit <code>:isMarriedTo1 rdf:singletonPropertyOf :isMarriedTo<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>E qart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se <code>rdf:singletonPropertyOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type<\/code>, por mendoni pse nuk duhet t\u00eb shkruani thjesht <code>:isMarriedTo1 rdf:type :isMarriedTo<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Detyra e \"mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb LPG\" zgjidhet k\u00ebtu n\u00eb nivelin e RDFS. Ky zgjidhje k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb t\u00eb kryhen p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf-schema\/\">standard<\/a><\/noindex>. Disa ndryshime mund t\u00eb nevojiten nga magazinat RDF q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin bashk\u00ebngjitjen e pasojave, nd\u00ebrsa deri at\u00ebher\u00eb Nd\u00ebrprerja e Vetme mund t\u00eb perceptohet thjesht si nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr modelimi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>V.1.2. Reifikimi i Kryer Sakt\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qasjet m\u00eb pak naive buruan nga ndjenja se, instancat e pronave nganj\u00ebher\u00eb instancohen nga tripletet. Duke pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr tripletet, do t\u00eb kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb flasim edhe p\u00ebr instancat e pronave.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Qasja m\u00eb solide prej k\u00ebtyre \u00ebsht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1409.3288\">RDF*<\/a><\/noindex>, e njohur gjithashtu si RDR, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.blazegraph.com\/wiki\/index.php\/Reification_Done_Right\">lindur<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb barkun e Blazegraph. Q\u00eb nga fillimi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.cambridgesemantics.com\/anzograph\/userdoc\/lpgs.htm\">u zgjodh<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr veten dhe AnzoGraph. Soliditeti i qasjes p\u00ebrcaktohet nga fakti se brenda saj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1406.3399\">ofruar<\/a><\/noindex> ndryshimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf11-mt\/\">Semantik\u00ebn RDF<\/a><\/noindex>. Megjithat\u00eb, thelbi \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i thjesht\u00eb. N\u00eb serializimin Turtle t\u00eb RDF, tani mund t\u00eb shkruani di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">&lt;&lt;:bob :isMarriedTo :alice&gt;&gt; :since &quot;2013-09-13&quot;^^xsd:date .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>V.1.3. Qasjet e tjera<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohemi p\u00ebr semantik\u00ebn formale, por thjesht t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb se tripletat kan\u00eb disa identifikues, q\u00eb natyrisht jan\u00eb URI, dhe t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb tripleta t\u00eb reja me k\u00ebto URI. Vet\u00ebm duhet t\u00eb sigurohet qasje n\u00eb k\u00ebto URI n\u00eb SPARQL. K\u00ebshtu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/docs\/#_motivation_implementation\">vepron<\/a><\/noindex> Stardog. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Allegrograph <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/franz.com\/agraph\/support\/documentation\/current\/triple-attributes.html\">ndjek\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebse. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se identifikuesit e tripletave n\u00eb Allegrograph <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/franz.com\/agraph\/support\/documentation\/current\/triple-index.html\">ka<\/a><\/noindex>, por n\u00eb implementimin e atributeve triple jasht\u00eb, ato nuk shfaqen. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma shum\u00eb larg semantik\u00ebs formale. E ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se atributet e tripletave nuk jan\u00eb URI, dhe vlerat e k\u00ebtyre atributeve gjithashtu mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb vet\u00ebm literale. Ademt\u00eb e LPG marrin pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshironin. N\u00eb nj\u00eb format t\u00eb shpikur NQX, shembulli, analog me at\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm p\u00ebr RDF*, duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">:bob :marriedTo :alice {&quot;since&quot; : &quot;2013-09-13&quot;}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"v2-yazyki-zaprosov\">V.2. Gjuh\u00ebt e pyetjeve<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Duke mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr LPG n\u00eb nivelin e modelit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb jepet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pyetje ndaj t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb nj\u00eb model t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blazegraph p\u00ebr pyetje n\u00eb RDF* mb\u00ebshtet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.blazegraph.com\/wiki\/index.php\/Reification_Done_Right\">SPARQL*<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/blazegraph\/tinkerpop3\/blob\/master\/README.md\">Gremlin<\/a><\/noindex>. Nj\u00eb pyetje n\u00eb SPARQL* duket si:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\"> SELECT * { &lt;&gt; :since ?since }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AnzoGraph gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.cambridgesemantics.com\/anzograph\/userdoc\/lpgs.htm\">SPARQL*<\/a><\/noindex> dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridgesemantics.com\/cambridge-semantics-adds-opencypher-anzograph-2\/\">Cypher<\/a><\/noindex>, gjuha e k\u00ebrkesave n\u00eb Neo4j. <\/li>\n<li>Stardog mb\u00ebshtet SPARQL t\u00eb saj <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/docs\/#_integration_with_sparql_2\">zgjerimi<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stardog.com\/docs\/#_example_2\">p\u00ebrs\u00ebri<\/a><\/noindex> Gremlin. T\u00eb marr\u00ebsh URI-n\u00eb e trepleve n\u00eb SPARQL dhe \"metainformacionin\" mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me nj\u00eb konstrukcion si ky:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">SELECT * {\n    BIND (stardog:identifier(:bob, :isMarriedTo, ?wife) AS ?id)\n    ?id :since ?since\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allegrograph gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtet SPARQL t\u00eb saj: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/franz.com\/agraph\/support\/documentation\/current\/triple-attributes.html#Querying-Attributes-using-SPARQL\">zgjerimi<\/a><\/noindex> SELECT * { (\"since\" ?since)  franz:attributesNameValue  ( :bob :marriedTo ?wife ) }<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\"> SELECT * { (&quot;since&quot; ?since)  franz:attributesNameValue  ( :bob :marriedTo ?wife ) }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, GraphDB nj\u00ebher\u00eb mb\u00ebshteti Tinkerpop\/Gremlin, pa mb\u00ebshtetur LPG, por n\u00eb versionin 8.0 ose 8.1 kjo praktike u ndal.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vi-uzhestochenie-licenziy\">VI. Rigoroziteti i licencave<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nuk ka ndodhur asnj\u00eb shtes\u00eb n\u00eb kryq\u00ebzimin e grupeve \"triplestore of choice\" dhe \"open source triplestore\" n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit. Depo t\u00eb reja RDF me burim t\u00eb hapur jan\u00eb shum\u00eb larg nga t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhje e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm, dhe kodi burimor i depo e re RDF, q\u00eb do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorja (si AnzoGraph), \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbyllur. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr reduktime...<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sigurisht, kodi burim i hapur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mbyllur, por disa depo zyrtare me burim t\u00eb hapur po ndalin gradualisht t\u00eb konsiderohen si zgjedhje t\u00eb denja. Virtuoso, i cili ka nj\u00eb edicion me burim t\u00eb hapur, p\u00ebr mendimin tim, po fundoset n\u00eb gabime. Blazegraph \u00ebsht\u00eb bler\u00eb nga AWS dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb baza e Amazon Neptune; tani nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb version tjet\u00ebr. Nj\u00ebra mbetet vet\u00ebm Jena\u2026<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse kodi burim i hapur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe thjesht d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb provoni, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq m\u00eb pak optimiste se m\u00eb par\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stardog <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/community.stardog.com\/t\/update-to-enterprise-and-community-trials\/1533\">ndalon<\/a><\/noindex> distribuimin e versionit falas (ndon\u00ebse periudha provuese e zakonshme u dyfishua);<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.ontotext.com\/\">GraphDB Cloud<\/a><\/noindex>, ku m\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhje nj\u00eb plan baz\u00eb falas, regjistrimi i p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb rinj \u00ebsht\u00eb pezulluar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb, universi po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak i arritsh\u00ebm, dhe p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimi i tij po b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb privilegj i korporatave.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/451206\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Semantic Web \u0438 Linked Data \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0443: \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u00a0\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435-\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u2026 \u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00bb. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435; 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