{"id":33494,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:52","slug":"sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sem-neozhidannyh-peremennyh-bash","title":{"rendered":"Shtat\u00eb variabla t\u00eb papritur n\u00eb Bash","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Duke vazhdoj t\u00eb shkruaj p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zwischenzugs.com\/2019\/04\/03\/eight-obscure-bash-options-you-might-want-to-know-about\/\">funksionet m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zwischenzugs.com\/2019\/02\/27\/bash-startup-explained\/\">t\u00eb bash, do t'ju tregoj shtat\u00eb variabla q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos i dini.<\/a><\/noindex> PROMPT_COMMAND<\/p>\n<h4>1) <code>Mund t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb dijeni si t\u00eb manipuloni ftes\u00ebn e prompt-it p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar informacion t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm, por jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet ftesa, mund t\u00eb ekzekutohet nj\u00eb komand\u00eb e shell-it.<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\nN\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb manipulues t\u00eb komplikuar t\u00eb prompt-it p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb variabl\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar komanda p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur informacionin q\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb ftes\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Provoni ta ekzekutoni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shell t\u00eb ri, dhe do t\u00eb shihni se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh me seanc\u00ebn:<\/p>\n<p>$ PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -n \"writing the prompt at \" &amp;&amp; date'<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">HISTTIMEFORMAT<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4>2) <code>n\u00eb konsol\u00eb, do t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb list\u00eb komandash q\u00eb jan\u00eb ekzekutuar m\u00eb par\u00eb me llogarin\u00eb tuaj.<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse ekzekutoni <code>history<\/code> $ HISTTIMEFORMAT='I ran this at: %d\/%m\/%y %T '<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Sapo t\u00eb vendoset ky variabl\u00eb, sh\u00ebnimet e reja regjistrojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn s\u00eb bashku me komand\u00ebn, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb dalja do t\u00eb duket si:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n1871  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:07 cat \/etc\/resolv.conf\n1872  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:19 curl bbc.co.uk\n1873  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:38:41 sudo vi \/etc\/resolv.conf\n1874  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:39:18 curl -vvv bbc.co.uk\n1876  I ran this at: 01\/05\/19 13:39:25 sudo su -<\/p>\n<pre>Formati p\u00ebrputhet me simbolet nga<\/pre>\n<p>\nman date <code>CDPATH<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h4>3) <code>P\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer koh\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb variabl\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar direktoret po aq leht\u00ebsisht sa shum\u00ebni komandat.<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\n, variabla<\/p>\n<p>Ashtu si <code>PATH<\/code>p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb list\u00eb rrug\u00ebsh t\u00eb ndara me dy pik\u00eb. Kur ekzekutoni nj\u00eb komand\u00eb <code>P\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer koh\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb variabl\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar direktoret po aq leht\u00ebsisht sa shum\u00ebni komandat.<\/code> me nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb relative (pra, pa nj\u00eb slash n\u00eb fillim), n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb parazgjedhur shell-i k\u00ebrkon emrat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs n\u00eb dosjen tuaj lokale. <code>cd<\/code> do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt q\u00eb keni dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr katalogun ku d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shkoni. <code>P\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer koh\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb variabl\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar direktoret po aq leht\u00ebsisht sa shum\u00ebni komandat.<\/code> N\u00ebse vendosni<\/p>\n<p>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb: <code>P\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer koh\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb variabl\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar direktoret po aq leht\u00ebsisht sa shum\u00ebni komandat.<\/code> $ CDPATH=\/:\/lib<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dhe pastaj t\u00eb shkruani:<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n$ cd \/home\n$ cd tmp<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">at\u00ebher\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb shkoni n\u00eb<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\npavar\u00ebsisht nga ajo ku ndodheni. <code>\/tmp<\/code> Megjithat\u00eb, kini kujdes, sepse n\u00ebse nuk e p\u00ebrfshini dosjen lokale n\u00eb list\u00eb (<\/p>\n<p>) nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb krijoni ndonj\u00eb dosje tjet\u00ebr<code>.<\/code>dhe t\u00eb kaloni aty, si zakonisht: <code>tmp<\/code> Ups!<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Kjo duket si nj\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrim q\u00eb ndjeva kur kuptova se dosja lokale nuk ishte e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb variabl\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 por duhet ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb variabl\u00ebn PATH, sepse mund t\u00eb mashtroheni duke ekzekutuar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb false nga ndonj\u00eb kod i shkarkuar.<\/p>\n<p>Mua m\u00eb vendoset pika fillestare: <code>PATH<\/code>CDPATH=.:\/space:\/etc:\/var\/lib:\/usr\/share:\/opt<\/p>\n<p>SHLVL<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">A keni menduar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb se<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>4) <code>do t'ju nxjerr\u00eb nga shell-i aktual bash n\u00eb nj\u00eb \"prind\" tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shell-it apo thjesht do t\u00eb mbyll\u00eb dritaren e konsol\u00ebs?<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\nKy variabl\u00eb ndjek sa thell\u00eb jeni t\u00eb zhytur n\u00eb shell-in bash. N\u00ebse krijoni nj\u00eb terminal t\u00eb ri, at\u00ebher\u00eb i vendoset n\u00eb 1: <code>exit<\/code> $ echo $SHLVL\n1<\/p>\n<p>Pastaj, n\u00ebse n\u00ebnshkruani nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr shell, numri rritet:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ bash\n$ echo $SHLVL\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e dobishme n\u00eb skriptet, ku nuk jeni t\u00eb sigurt n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb dilni apo jo, ose t\u00eb ndihmoni n\u00eb ndjekjen e vendndodhjes suaj n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">LINENO<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nGjithashtu p\u00ebr analizimin e gjendjes aktuale dhe p\u00ebr debimin, variabla<\/p>\n<h4>5) <code>\u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme, e cila tregon numrin e komandave q\u00eb jan\u00eb ekzekutuar n\u00eb seanc\u00eb deri n\u00eb tani:<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\n$ bash\n$ echo $LINENO\n1\n$ echo $LINENO\n2 <code>\u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme, e cila tregon numrin e komandave q\u00eb jan\u00eb ekzekutuar n\u00eb seanc\u00eb deri n\u00eb tani:<\/code>Kjo p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht gjat\u00eb debimit t\u00eb skripteve. Duke futur rreshta si<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo DEBUG:$LINENO<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni shpejt se ku ndodheni n\u00eb skript (apo jo). <code>REPLY<\/code>N\u00ebse, si un\u00eb, zakonisht shkruani nj\u00eb kod t\u00eb till\u00eb:<\/p>\n<h4>6) <code>$ read input\necho do something with $input<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\nmund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb befasi se nuk duhet t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheni p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb variabli fare:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ read\necho do something with $REPLY<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKjo b\u00ebn t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">TMOUT<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb mos q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb server\u00ebt prodhues shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye sigurie ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos ekzekutuar rast\u00ebsisht di\u00e7ka t\u00eb rrezikshme n\u00eb terminalin e gabuar, vendosja e k\u00ebtij variabli vepron si nj\u00eb mbrojtje.<\/p>\n<h4>7) <code>N\u00ebse nuk hyn asgj\u00eb brenda sasis\u00eb s\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb sekondave, do t\u00eb dilni nga shell-i.<\/code><\/h4>\n<p>\nPra, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb<\/p>\n<p>sleep 1 &amp;&amp; exit<\/p>\n<p>$ TMOUT=1 <code>Duke vazhduar serin\u00eb e sh\u00ebnimeve n\u00eb lidhje me funksionet m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb bash, do t'ju tregoj shtat\u00eb variabla q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos i dini. 1) PROMPT_COMMAND Mund t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb dijeni si t\u00eb manipuloni ftes\u00ebn e prompt-it p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar informacion t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm, por jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet ftesa \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb ekzekutohet nj\u00eb komand\u00eb shell. N\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb manipulues t\u00eb komplikuar t\u00eb prompt-it.<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\ud83e\udd47Shtat\u00eb variabla t\u00eb papritur Bash | ProHoster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/451492\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 bash, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c. 1) PROMPT_COMMAND \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c prompt, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b prompt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 bash, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c. 1) PROMPT_COMMAND \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c prompt, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 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dobish\u00ebm, por jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet ftesa, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb ekzekutoni nj\u00eb komand\u00eb n\u00eb shell. 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