{"id":33512,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:01","slug":"i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"\u201cEdhe k\u00ebshtu b\u00ebn\u201d: \u00e7far\u00eb nuk tregojn\u00eb ofruesit e cloud-it p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nuk e dim\u00eb si ka ndodhur, por na erdhi nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet e reja t\u00eb cloud-it. Ne p\u00ebrllogarit\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi se \u00e7far\u00eb na nevojitet dhe d\u00ebrguam nj\u00eb list\u00eb pyetjesh p\u00ebr sqarimin e detajeve. M\u00eb pas analizuam p\u00ebrgjigjet dhe kuptuam: klienti d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb vendos\u00eb n\u00eb cloud t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. I p\u00ebrgjigjemi: \"Ju keni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, na vjen keq, mund t\u00eb ofrojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb cloud privat.\" Ai tha: \"E dini, n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb X mund t\u00eb vendos \u00e7do gj\u00eb n\u00eb publik.\"<\/p>\n

\"\u201cEdhe
\nFoto Steve Crisp, Reuters<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme! Shkuam n\u00eb faqen e kompanis\u00eb X, studiuam dokumentet e tyre t\u00eb akreditimit, tund\u00ebm kok\u00ebn dhe kuptuam: ka shum\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb hapura p\u00ebr vendosjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale q\u00eb duhen analizuar mir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb veprojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar, le t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb se me cilat kritere klasifikohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Kjo varet nga kategoria e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, numri i subjekteve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb ruan dhe p\u00ebrpunon operatori, si dhe nga lloji i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve aktuale.<\/p>\n

\"\u201cEdhe
\n
\nP\u00ebrcaktimi i llojeve t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve aktuale jepet n\u00eb aktin e Qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb RF nr. 1119<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 1 N\u00ebntor 2012 \"P\u00ebr miratimin e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit n\u00eb sistemet informacioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale\":<\/p>\n

\"K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit t\u00eb par\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem informacioni, n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme gjithashtu k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb lidhen<\/i> me pranin\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pab\u00ebra (t\u00eb padeklaruara) n\u00eb programin sistemor<\/i>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem informacioni, n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme gjithashtu k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb lidhen<\/i> me pranin\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pab\u00ebra (t\u00eb padeklaruara) n\u00eb programin aplikues<\/i>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit t\u00eb tret\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem informacioni, n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb nuk lidhen<\/i> me pranin\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pab\u00ebra (t\u00eb padeklaruara) n\u00eb programin sistemor dhe aplikues<\/i>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nE r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb k\u00ebto p\u00ebrkufizime \u00ebsht\u00eb pranija e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pab\u00ebra (t\u00eb padeklaruara). P\u00ebr t\u00eb konfirmuar munges\u00ebn e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pab\u00ebra n\u00eb programin (n\u00eb rastin e cloud-it, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb hipervizori), b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb certifikim nga FSTEK e Rusis\u00eb. N\u00ebse operatori i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale pranon se nuk ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb program, at\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Operator\u00ebt e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb i pranojn\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb si t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, operatori duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet aktuale p\u00ebr cloud-in publik dhe, duke u bazuar n\u00eb nivelin e zbuluar t\u00eb mbrojtjes t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet aktuale, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb masat dhe mjetet e nevojshme p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga to.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb FSTEK t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet kryesore jan\u00eb t\u00eb listuara qart\u00eb n\u00eb B\u0110U<\/a><\/noindex> (banka e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet). Ofruesit dhe vler\u00ebsuesit e infrastrukturave cloud p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre. Ja disa shembuj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimesh:<\/p>\n

UBI.44<\/a><\/noindex>: \u00abK\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e shkeljes s\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit nga programe q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb makine virtuale, nga nj\u00eb software keqdash\u00ebs q\u00eb funksionon jasht\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale\u00bb. Ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkaktuar nga prania e vulnerabiliteteve n\u00eb softuerin e hypervisor-it q\u00eb siguron izolimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs adresore p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb brenda makin\u00ebs virtuale nga qasja e paautorizuar nga softueri keqdash\u00ebs q\u00eb funksionon jasht\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale.<\/p>\n

Zbatimi i k\u00ebtij k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur n\u00ebse kodin keqdash\u00ebs arrin t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e makin\u00ebs virtuale, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb vulnerabiliteteve t\u00eb hypervisor-it, por edhe p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb ndikimi nga nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta (n\u00eb lidhje me hypervisor-in) t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb sistemit.<\/p>\n

UBI.101<\/a><\/noindex>: \u00abK\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qasjes s\u00eb paautorizuar n\u00eb informacionin e mbrojtur t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud nga nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim ndodh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb teknologjive cloud, ku p\u00ebrdoruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud duhet t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn infrastruktur\u00eb cloud. Zbatimi i k\u00ebtij k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur n\u00eb rast se b\u00ebhen gabime n\u00eb ndarjen e elementeve t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs cloud mes p\u00ebrdoruesve, si dhe n\u00eb izolimin e burimeve t\u00eb tyre dhe ndarjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nMbrojtja nga k\u00ebto k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime mund t\u00eb arrihet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet hypervisor-it, pasi ai menaxhon burimet virtuale. Prandaj, hypervisor-i duhet t\u00eb gjykohet si nj\u00eb mjet mbrojt\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me urdhrin FSTEK Nr. 21<\/a><\/noindex> nga 18 shkurt 2013, hipervizori duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb certifikimin p\u00ebr munges\u00ebn e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa deklaruara n\u00eb nivelin 4, p\u00ebrnd otherwise, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale t\u00eb nivelit 1 dhe 2 me t\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte i paligjsh\u00ebm (\u00abp.12. \u2026 P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nivelet 1 dhe 2 t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nivelin 3 t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale n\u00eb sistemet informatik, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e aktuale jan\u00eb klasifikuar si rreziku i tipit 2, p\u00ebrdoren mjetet e mbrojtjes s\u00eb informacionit, programet e t\u00eb cilave kan\u00eb kaluar verifikimin jo m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se niveli 4 i kontrollit t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa deklaruara\u00bb<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Niveli i nevojsh\u00ebm i certifikimit, N\u00cbD-4, e ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb hipervizor, t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb Rusi \u2014 Horizont VC<\/a><\/noindex>. Thjesht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje shum\u00eb e njohur. Ajo q\u00eb quhet cloud komercial zakonisht nd\u00ebrtohet mbi baz\u00ebn e VMware vSphere, KVM, Microsoft Hyper-V. Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto produkte nuk ka certifikat\u00eb p\u00ebr N\u00cbD-4. Pse? Ndoshta, marrja e nj\u00eb certifikate t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhuesit aktualisht nuk justifikohet ekonomikisht.<\/p>\n

Dhe na mbetet vet\u00ebm Horizont VC p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale t\u00eb niveleve 1 dhe 2 n\u00eb cloud publik. E trisht\u00eb por e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 funksionon (n\u00eb mendimin ton\u00eb) n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, duket mjaft e rrept\u00eb: k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e specifikuara duhet t\u00eb eliminohen me konfigurimin e duhur t\u00eb mekanizmave t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb hipervizorit, t\u00eb certifikuar sipas N\u00cbD-4. Por ka nj\u00eb an\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me Urdh\u00ebrin e FSTEK \u211621 (\u00abp.2 Siguria e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem informatik t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale (m\u00eb pas \u2014 sistemi informatik) siguron operatori ose personi q\u00eb kryen p\u00ebrpunimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb operatorit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me legjislacionin<\/a><\/noindex> e Federat\u00ebs Ruse\u00bb<\/i>), ofruesit vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb vet\u00eb aktualitetin e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb mundshme dhe sipas k\u00ebsaj zgjedhin masat e mbrojtjes. Prandaj, n\u00ebse nuk i konsiderojm\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet UBI.44 dhe UBI.101 si aktuale, at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e hipervizorit t\u00eb certifikuar sipas N\u00cbD-4, i cili duhet pik\u00ebrisht t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb mbrojtjen nga ato. Dhe kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb certifikat\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhjen e cloud-it publik me nivelet 1 dhe 2 t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, t\u00eb cilit Roskomnadzor do t\u2019i jet\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i k\u00ebnaqur.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Roskomnadzor, FSTEK mund t\u00eb kryej\u00eb verifikime - dhe kjo organizat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e kujdesshme n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje teknike. Ajo sigurisht q\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e interesuar p\u00ebrse k\u00ebto k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime UBI.44 dhe UBI.101 u konsideruan t\u00eb pavlefshme? Por zakonisht FSTEK nd\u00ebrmerr kontroll vet\u00ebm kur merr informacion mbi ndonj\u00eb incident t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, sh\u00ebrbimi federal fillimisht shkon tek operatori i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale - pra, te klienti i sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb cloud. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, operatori merr nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl - p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr Twitter n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit. gjob\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm ishte 5000 rubla. Pastaj FSTEK vazhdon m\u00eb tutje, tek ofruesi i sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb cloud. Ky i fundit mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb licenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosrespektimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave rregullatore - dhe k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb rreziqe krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb tjera, si p\u00ebr ofruesin e sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb cloud, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e tij. Por, e p\u00ebrs\u00ebris, p\u00ebr verifikimin FSTEK zakonisht ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb qart\u00eb.<\/i> Pra, ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb cloud jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb rrezik. Deri n\u00eb incidentin e par\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb grup ofruesish \"m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm\" q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se mund t\u00eb mbyllen t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet, duke shtuar mbi hipervizorin nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb t\u00eb tipit vGate. Por n\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient virtual t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb midis klient\u00ebve, p\u00ebr disa k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime (p\u00ebr shembull, UBI.101 e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr), nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm efektiv mbrojtjeje mund t\u00eb realizohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e hipervizorit t\u00eb certifikuar sipas NDV-4, sepse t\u00eb gjitha sistemet-shtes\u00eb nuk ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb funksionet standarde t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb hipervizorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e burimeve (ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, memorie operativ\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Si punojm\u00eb ne<\/h3>\n

\nNe kemi nj\u00eb segment cloud, i implementuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb hipervizor t\u00eb certifikuar nga FSTEK (por pa \u00e7ertifikim p\u00ebr NDV-4). Ky segment \u00ebsht\u00eb i vler\u00ebsuar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb tij n\u00eb cloud mund t\u00eb ruhet t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale. nivelet 3 dhe 4 t\u00eb siguris\u00eb<\/i> - k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr mbrojtje nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e papara k\u00ebtu nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme. Ja, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, arkitektura e segmentit ton\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb cloud-it:<\/p>\n

\"\u201cEdhe
\nSistemet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale nivelet 1 dhe 2 t\u00eb siguris\u00eb<\/i> Ne ofrojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb dedikuara. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi UBI.101 n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aktual, pasi raftet e server\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis virtual, nuk mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn edhe kur ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin QEND\u00cbR T\u00cb T\u00cb DHENAVE. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto raste ofrojm\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e qiras\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb dedikuara (i njohur gjithashtu si Hardware as a Service, pajisja si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim).<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb sigurt se cilin nivel mbrojtjeje k\u00ebrkon sistemi juaj i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, ne gjithashtu ndihmojm\u00eb n\u00eb klasifikimin e tyre.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h3>\n

\nNj\u00eb studim i vog\u00ebl i tregut tregoi: disa operator\u00eb t\u00eb cloud-it jan\u00eb gati t\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb si sigurin\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb klient\u00ebve, ashtu edhe t\u00eb ardhmen e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi. Por ne n\u00eb k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje ndjekim nj\u00eb politik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e p\u00ebrshkruam shkurtimisht m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. Do t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb lumtur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb komentet tuaja p\u00ebr pyetjet tuaja.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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