{"id":33512,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:01","slug":"i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/i-tak-sojdet-chto-oblachnye-provajdery-ne-dogovarivayut-o-personalnyh-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"\u00abDhe k\u00ebshtu shkon\u00bb: \u00e7far\u00eb nuk thon\u00eb ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00ebher\u00eb na erdhi nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime cloud. Ne e vler\u00ebsuam shkurtimisht se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb na duhej dhe d\u00ebrguam nj\u00eb list\u00eb pyetjesh p\u00ebr sqarimin e detajeve. M\u00eb pas analizuam p\u00ebrgjigjet dhe kuptuam: klienti d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb vendos\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale n\u00eb cloud me nivelin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtjes. I p\u00ebrgjigjemi: \"Ju keni t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale me nivelin e dyt\u00eb, na vjen keq, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb cloud privat.\" Por ai thot\u00eb: \"E dini, n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb X mund t\u00eb vendosin gjith\u00e7ka edhe n\u00eb publik.\"<\/p>\n

\"\u00abDhe
\nFoto Steve Crisp, Reuters<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme! Shkuam n\u00eb faqen e kompanis\u00eb X, studiuam dokumentet e tyre t\u00eb akreditimit, tund\u00ebm kokat dhe kuptuam: ka shum\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb hapura n\u00eb lidhje me vendosjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb shqyrtohen mir\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, le t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se cilat jan\u00eb kriteret sipas t\u00eb cilave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale klasifikohen n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme mbrojtjeje. Kjo varet nga kategoria e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, numri i subjekteve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb operatori i ruan dhe p\u00ebrpunon, si dhe nga lloji i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve aktuale.<\/p>\n

\"\u00abDhe
\n
\nP\u00ebrcaktimi i llojeve t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb i dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb vendimin e Qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb RF nr. 1119<\/a><\/noindex> nga 1 n\u00ebntori 2012: \"Miratimi i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb sistemet informacioni t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale:\"<\/p>\n

\"K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit 1 jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr sistemin informacioni n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb, midis t\u00eb tjerash, jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb lidhen<\/i> me prani t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa dokumentuara (t\u00eb pa deklaruara) n\u00eb softuerin sistemor<\/i>, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit 2 jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr sistemin informacioni n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb, midis t\u00eb tjerash, jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb lidhen<\/i> me prani t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa dokumentuara (t\u00eb pa deklaruara) n\u00eb softuerin aplikativ.<\/i>, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e tipit 3 jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr sistemin informacioni n\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet q\u00eb nuk lidhen<\/i> me prani t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa dokumentuara (t\u00eb pa deklaruara) n\u00eb softuerin sistemor dhe aplikativ<\/i>, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb sistemin informacioni.\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nThe main point in these definitions is the presence of undocumented (undeclared) capabilities. Certification by the FSTEC of Russia is conducted to confirm the absence of undocumented capabilities in software (in the case of cloud, this is the hypervisor). If the data operator believes that such capabilities do not exist in the software, then the corresponding threats are not relevant. Data operators rarely consider threats of the 1st and 2nd types as relevant.<\/p>\n

In addition to determining the level of data protection, the operator must also identify specific current threats for the public cloud. Based on the identified level of data protection and current threats, necessary measures and means of protection against them must be determined.<\/p>\n

All major threats are clearly listed by FSTEC in the Threat Database<\/a><\/noindex> (threat database). Providers and assessors of cloud infrastructures use this database in their work. Here are examples of threats:<\/p>\n

UBI.44<\/a><\/noindex>: \u00abK\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e shkeljes s\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve nga programet q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb brenda makin\u00ebs virtuale nga malware q\u00eb funksionon jasht\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale\u00bb. Ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i pranis\u00eb s\u00eb mang\u00ebsive n\u00eb softuerin hypervisor, i cili siguron izolimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs adresuese q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb programeve q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb brenda makin\u00ebs virtuale, nga qasja e paautorizuar nga malware q\u00eb funksionon jasht\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale.<\/p>\n

Zbatimi i k\u00ebtij k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur n\u00ebse malware-i e kalon me sukses kufirin e makin\u00ebs virtuale, jo vet\u00ebm duke shfryt\u00ebzuar mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e hypervisor-it, por edhe duke realizuar nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb till\u00eb nga nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta (n\u00eb raport me hypervisor-in) t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb sistemit.\u00bb<\/p>\n

UBI.101<\/a><\/noindex>: \u00abK\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi p\u00ebrfshin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e aksesit t\u00eb paautorizuar n\u00eb informacionin e mbrojtur t\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud nga nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me karakteristikat e teknologjive cloud, ku p\u00ebrdoruesit ndajn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn infrastruktur\u00eb cloud. Realizimi i k\u00ebtij k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur n\u00eb rast t\u00eb gabimeve gjat\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs cloud midis p\u00ebrdoruesve, si dhe gjat\u00eb izolimit t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb tyre dhe ndarjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra.\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nMbrojtja nga k\u00ebto k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime mund t\u00eb realizohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes hipervizorit, pasi ai menaxhon burimet virtuale. Prandaj, hipervizori duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb mjet mbrojtjeje.<\/p>\n

Dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me urdhri i FSTEK Nr. 21<\/a><\/noindex> dat\u00eb 18 shkurt 2013, hipervizori duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb certifikimin p\u00ebr munges\u00eb t\u00eb NDP-s\u00eb sipas nivelit 4, nd otherwise p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale t\u00eb niveleve 1 dhe 2 me t\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i paligjsh\u00ebm (\u00abp.12. \u2026 P\u00ebr sigurimin e niveleve 1 dhe 2 t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nivelin 3 t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale n\u00eb sistemet informative, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e klasifikuara jan\u00eb t\u00eb tipit 2, p\u00ebrdoren mjete mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb informacionit, programi i t\u00eb cilave ka kaluar verifikimin me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nivel 4 t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb padeklaruara\u00bb<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Niveli i nevojsh\u00ebm i certifikimit, NDV-4, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb hipervizori, zhvillim rus \u2014 Horizont BS<\/a><\/noindex>. Th\u00ebn\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja m\u00eb e popullarizuar. Reformat komerciale t\u00eb cloud zakonisht nd\u00ebrtohen mbi baz\u00ebn e VMware vSphere, KVM, Microsoft Hyper-V. Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto produkte nuk ka certifikim p\u00ebr NDV-4. Pse? Mbase, marrja e nj\u00eb certifikimi t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhuesit ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomikisht e arsyeshme.<\/p>\n

E mbetur p\u00ebr ne p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale t\u00eb niveleve 1 dhe 2 n\u00eb cloud publik \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm Horizont BS. E trisht\u00eb por e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e shohim ne, ashtu funksionon n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka duket mjaft e rrept\u00eb: k\u00ebto k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime duhet t\u00eb eliminohen me konfigurimin e duhur t\u00eb mekanizmave t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb hipervizorit, i certifikuar sipas NDT-4. Por ka nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi. Sipas Urdhrit t\u00eb FSTEK nr. 21 (\u201cp.2 Siguria e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem informatik p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale (m\u00eb pas - sistemi informatik) sigurohet nga operatori ose personi q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunon t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale me autorizimin e operatorit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ligjin<\/a><\/noindex> e Federat\u00ebs Ruse\u201d<\/i>), ofruesit vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb vet\u00eb aktualitetin e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb mundshme dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb, zgjedhin masat e mbrojtjes. Prandaj, n\u00ebse nuk pranohet se k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet UBI.44 dhe UBI.101 jan\u00eb aktuale, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb as nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur hipervizorin e certifikuar sipas NDT-4, i cili duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb mbrojtje kund\u00ebr tyre. Dhe kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb certifikat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr re publik 1 dhe 2 nivelet e mbrojtjes t\u00eb PDn, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme p\u00ebr Roskomnadzor.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Roskomnadzor, FSB mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb p\u00ebr inspektim \u2014 dhe kjo organizat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e kujdesshme n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje teknike. Ajo me siguri do t\u00eb interesohet pse k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet UBI.44 dhe UBI.101 jan\u00eb konsideruar t\u00eb pavlefshme? Por zakonisht FSB b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb inspektim vet\u00ebm kur merr informacion p\u00ebr nj\u00eb incident t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, agjencia federale fillimisht viziton operatorin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale \u2014 pra, klientin e sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, operatori merr nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr Twitter n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit. gjob\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm ishte 5000 rubla. Pastaj FSB vazhdon, te ofruesi i sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud. I cili mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb lejen p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosrespektimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave normative \u2014 dhe k\u00ebto jan\u00eb rreziqe krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb tjera, si p\u00ebr ofruesin e sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud ashtu edhe p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e tij. Por, po them p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb inspektim, FSB zakonisht duhet nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb qart\u00eb.<\/i> Pra, ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve cloud jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb rrezikun. Deri n\u00eb incidentin e par\u00eb serioz. <\/p>\n

Ka\u8fd8\u6709 nj\u00eb grup \"ofruesish m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm\" q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se mund t\u00eb bllokojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet duke shtuar nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb mbi hipervizorin, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb vGate. Por n\u00eb mjedisin virtual t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb midis klient\u00ebve, mekanizmi efektiv i mbrojtjes p\u00ebr disa k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime (p.sh., t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb lart UBII.101) mund t\u00eb realizohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e hipervizorit t\u00eb certifikuar NDV-4, pasi \u00e7do sistem-shtes\u00eb nuk ndikon n\u00eb funksionet standarde t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb hipervizorit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e burimeve (sidomos, kujtes\u00ebs operative).<\/p>\n

Si punojm\u00eb ne<\/h3>\n

\nNe kemi nj\u00eb segment cloud, t\u00eb realizuar mbi nj\u00eb hipervizor t\u00eb certifikuar nga FSTEK (por pa certifikim n\u00eb NDV-4). Ky segment \u00ebsht\u00eb i akredituar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e tij mund t\u00eb vendosen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale. Nivelet 3 dhe 4 t\u00eb mbrojtjes<\/i> \u2014 k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr mbrojtje nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e padeklaruara k\u00ebtu nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme. Ja, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, arkitektura e segmentit ton\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtur n\u00eb cloud:<\/p>\n

\"\u00abDhe
\nSistemet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale Nivelet 1 dhe 2 t\u00eb mbrojtjes<\/i> ne realojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb dedikuar. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi UBI.101 n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, pasi stendat e server\u00ebve, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis virtual, nuk mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn edhe n\u00ebse jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin Qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto raste, ne ofrojm\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e qiras\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb dedikuara (i quajtur gjithashtu Hardware si Sh\u00ebrbim).<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb sigurt se \u00e7far\u00eb niveli mbrojtjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr sistemin tuaj t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale, ne gjithashtu ndihmojm\u00eb n\u00eb klasifikimin e tyre.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundim<\/h3>\n

\nK\u00ebrkimi yn\u00eb i vog\u00ebl n\u00eb treg tregoi se disa operator\u00eb t\u00eb cloud-it jan\u00eb gati t\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb sigurin\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb klient\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb ardhmen e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi. Por ne ndjekim nj\u00eb politik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e p\u00ebrshkruam shkurtimisht m\u00eb lart. Do t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb lumtur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb komentet p\u00ebr pyetjet tuaja.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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