{"id":33517,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:04","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:04","slug":"predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1","title":{"rendered":"\u00cbsht\u00eb prezantuar nj\u00eb metod\u00eb m\u00eb efikase p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e prefikseve t\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjes p\u00ebr SHA-1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ebrkuesit nga Instituti Shtet\u00ebror i K\u00ebrkimeve n\u00eb Informatik\u00eb dhe Automatizim (INRIA) n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe Universiteti Teknologjik Nanyang (Singapor) krijuan<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb avancuar metoda<\/a><\/noindex> sulm<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb algoritmin SHA-1, q\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm e thjeshton krijimin e dy dokumenteve t\u00eb ndryshme me hash SHA-1 t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. Thelbi i metod\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktimi i operacionit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb gjetjes s\u00eb kolizionit n\u00eb SHA-1 n\u00eb sulmin e kolizionit me nj\u00eb prefiks t\u00eb caktuar<\/a><\/noindex>, ku e cila ndodhin kolizionet kur ka disa prefiks, pavar\u00ebsisht nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tjera n\u00eb grup. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, mund t\u00eb llogariten dy prefikse t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara dhe n\u00ebse nj\u00ebra i bashkohet nj\u00eb dokumenti, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra nj\u00eb dokumenti tjet\u00ebr — hash-\u00ebt SHA-1 t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre skedar\u00ebve do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ky lloj sulmi ende k\u00ebrkon llogaritje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe gjetja e prefikseve mbetet m\u00eb e komplikuar se gjetja e zakonshme e kolizionit, por edhe efektiviteti praktik i rezultatit \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb i lart\u00eb. N\u00ebse deri tani metoda m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb p\u00ebr gjetjen e prefikseve t\u00eb kolizionit n\u00eb SHA-1 k\u00ebrkonte 277.1 operacione, metoda e re e ul numrin e llogaritjeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb nga 266.9 deri 269.4. Me nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb till\u00eb llogaritjesh, kostoja e orientuar e sulmit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00ebqind mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e p\u00ebrballueshme p\u00ebr agjencit\u00eb e siguris\u00eb dhe korporatat e m\u00ebdha. P\u00ebr krahasim, gjetja e nj\u00eb kolizioni t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm k\u00ebrkon rreth 264.7 operacione.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb artikullin e kaluar b\u00ebra nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb iOS p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar muzik\u00eb, tema e sotme \u00ebsht\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> demonstrimi<\/a><\/noindex> Google i mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar PDF t\u00eb ndryshme me hash SHA-1 t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor<\/a><\/noindex> hulli me kombinimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb sked\u00eb t\u00eb dy dokumenteve, duke kaluar n\u00eb layerin e duksh\u00ebm dhe duke zhvendosur etiket\u00ebn e zgjedhjes n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e kolizionit. Me nj\u00eb kosto t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb burimeve (Google harxhoi nj\u00eb vit llogaritjesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur kolizionin e par\u00eb SHA-1 n\u00eb nj\u00eb klaster prej 110 GPU) metoda e re lejon arritjen e p\u00ebrputhjes s\u00eb SHA-1 p\u00ebr dy grupe t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Nga ana praktike, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiten certifikatat TLS, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrmenden domain t\u00eb ndryshme, por hash-et SHA-1 p\u00ebrputhen. Nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e till\u00eb lejon nj\u00eb autoritet t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb certifikat\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00ebnshkrimin digjital, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr autorizimin e certifikatave t\u00eb rreme p\u00ebr domain t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Problemi gjithashtu mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb komprometuar protokollet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb munges\u00ebn e kolizionit, si TLS, SSH dhe IPsec.<\/p>\n

Strategjia e propozuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin e prefikseve p\u00ebr kolizione n\u00ebnkupton ndarjen e llogaritjeve n\u00eb dy etapa. N\u00eb etap\u00ebn e par\u00eb, k\u00ebrkohet blloqet q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb kufirin e kolizionit, duke futur variabla rast\u00ebsor\u00eb t\u00eb zinxhir\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb set t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb diferencave. N\u00eb etap\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb, n\u00eb nivelin e blloqeve individuale, zinxhir\u00ebt e diferencave t\u00eb marr\u00eb krahasohen me \u00e7iftet e gjendjeve q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb kolizione, duke p\u00ebrdorur metoda tradicionale t\u00eb sulmeve p\u00ebr gjetjen e kolizioneve. <\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse mund\u00ebsia teorike e sulmit ndaj SHA-1 \u00ebsht\u00eb provuar q\u00eb prej vitit 2005, dhe n\u00eb praktik\u00eb kolizioni i par\u00eb ishte gjetur<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb vitin 2017, SHA-1 ende p\u00ebrdoret dhe mb\u00ebshtetet nga disa standarde dhe teknologji (TLS 1.2, Git, etj.). Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i k\u00ebtij punimi ishte t\u00eb ofronte nj\u00eb argument t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr ndalimin e menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb SHA-1, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb certifikata dhe n\u00ebnshkrime digjital\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb theksohet publikimin<\/a><\/noindex> rezultatet<\/noindex> kryptoanaliz\u00ebs s\u00eb blloqeve t\u00eb kodimit SIMON-32\/64<\/a><\/noindex>, t\u00eb dizajnuar nga NSA e SHBA-s\u00eb dhe t\u00eb miratuar n\u00eb vitin 2018 si standard ISO\/IEC 29167-21:2018<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nK\u00ebrkuesit arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb p\u00ebr rikuperimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsit t\u00eb mbyllur duke u bazuar n\u00eb dy pal\u00eb t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb tekstit t\u00eb hapur dhe tekstit t\u00eb enkriptuar. Me burime t\u00eb kufizuara kompjuterike, nevojiten nga disa or\u00eb deri n\u00eb disa dit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar \u00e7el\u00ebsin. Koeficienti teorik i suksesit t\u00eb sulmit vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb 0.25, nd\u00ebrsa ai praktik p\u00ebr prototipin ekzistues \u00ebsht\u00eb — 0.025.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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