{"id":33620,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","slug":"uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i funksionimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi. Parimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe gj\u00ebrat e dobishme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi
\n\u00c7dokush q\u00eb ka mbledhur, bler\u00eb, ose edhe aq sa ka konfiguruar nj\u00eb radio, ndoshta ka d\u00ebgjuar fjal\u00eb si: ndjeshm\u00ebri dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhshm\u00ebri (selektivitet).<\/p>\n

Ndjeshm\u00ebria \u2014 ky paramet\u00ebr tregon se sa mir\u00eb radiokap\u00ebsi juaj mund t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb sinjalin edhe n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrzgjedhshm\u00ebria, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, tregon se sa mir\u00eb radiokap\u00ebsi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar pa u ndikuar nga frekuenca t\u00eb tjera. K\u00ebto \"frekuenca t\u00eb tjera\", dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ato q\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrkasin transmetimit t\u00eb sinjalit nga stacioni i zgjedhur t\u00eb radios, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast luajn\u00eb rolin e nd\u00ebrhyrjeve radio.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDuke rritur fuqin\u00eb e transmetuesit, ne e detyrojm\u00eb radiokap\u00ebsit me ndjeshm\u00ebri t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb sinjalin ton\u00eb me \u00e7do kusht. Nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm luan ndikimi i nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb i sinjaleve nga stacione t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb radios n\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, \u00e7ka e komplikon p\u00ebrshtatjen dhe zvog\u00eblon cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e komunikimit radio.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ambientin Wi-Fi p\u00ebrdoret eteri i radios si mjedis p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. Prandaj, shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra q\u00eb kan\u00eb operuar inxhinier\u00ebt dhe entuziast\u00ebt e radios t\u00eb kaluarit dhe madje edhe t\u00eb kaluarit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, akoma mbeten t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme edhe sot. <\/p>\n

Por, disa gj\u00ebra kan\u00eb ndryshuar. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb analogike<\/b> formatin e transmetimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrftuar nga transmetimi digjital, i cili shkaktoi ndryshimin e natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb sinjalit t\u00eb transmetuar. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi i faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e rrjeteve Wi-Fi n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb standardeve IEEE 802.11b\/g\/n.<\/p>\n

Disa nuanca t\u00eb rrjeteve Wi-Fi<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebr transmetimin radiofonik n\u00eb distanca nga qendrat e m\u00ebdha urbane, kur mund t\u00eb kap\u00ebsh n\u00eb marr\u00ebsin t\u00ebnd vet\u00ebm sinjalin e stacionit lokal t\u00eb FM dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \"Majak\" n\u00eb intervalin VHF \u2014 \u00e7\u00ebshtja e ndikimit reciprok nuk lind. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gj\u00eb jan\u00eb pajisjet Wi-Fi, t\u00eb cilat punojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb dy intervale t\u00eb kufizuara: 2.4 dhe 5 GHz. M\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar disa probleme, t\u00eb cilat duhet t'i kalosh ose t\u00eb dish si t'i shmangesh.<\/p>\n

Problemi i par\u00eb<\/b> \u2014 standardet e ndryshme ngjiten me intervale t\u00eb ndryshme. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb intervalin 2.4 GHz, punojn\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin standardin 802.11b\/g, nd\u00ebrsa rrjetet e standardit 802.11n punojn\u00eb n\u00eb intervalin 5 GHz dhe pajisjet e standardit 802.11a dhe 802.11n.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e shohim, vet\u00ebm pajisjet me standardin 802.11n mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb dy bandat 2.4 GHz dhe 5 GHz. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, ne duhet ose t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesim transmetimin n\u00eb t\u00eb dy bandat, ose t\u00eb pranosh se disa klient\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb lidhen me rrjetin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Problemi i dyt\u00eb<\/b> \u2014 Pajisjet Wi-Fi, duke vepruar brenda nj\u00eb radiusi t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin interval frekuencash.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb band\u00ebn 2.4 GHz, n\u00eb Rusi jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion dhe t\u00eb lejuara p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim 13 kanale wireless me gjer\u00ebsi 20 MHz p\u00ebr standardin 802.11b\/g\/n ose 40 MHz p\u00ebr standardin 802.11n me intervale 5 MHz. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, \u00e7do pajisje wireless (klienti ose pika e qasjes) krijon nd\u00ebrhyrje n\u00eb kanal\u00ebt fqinj. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb se fuqia e transmetuesit t\u00eb pajisjes klient, p\u00ebr shembull, smartphone, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e nj\u00eb pike t\u00eb zakonshme qasjeje. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb artikullit do t\u00eb flasim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndikimin e nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb t\u00eb pikave t\u00eb qasjes mbi nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Kanalin m\u00eb i popullarizuar, i cili ofrohet si parazgjidhje p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb kanali 6. Por nuk duhet t\u00eb tregoni iluzion se, duke zgjedhur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr fqinj, do t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur nga ndikimi parazitar. Nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasje n\u00eb kanalin 6 krijon nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb forta n\u00eb kanalet 5 dhe 7 dhe nd\u00ebrhyrje m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta n\u00eb kanalet 4 dhe 8. Me rritjen e distancave midis kanaleve, ndikimi i tyre i nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet. Prandaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar nd\u00ebrhyrjet e nd\u00ebrsjellta, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e d\u00ebshirueshme q\u00eb frekuencat e tyre t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb distancuara nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra me 25 MHz (5 intervale nd\u00ebkanale). <\/p>\n

Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kanalet me ndikim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl ndaj nj\u00ebri-tjetrit, jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion vet\u00ebm 3: k\u00ebto jan\u00eb 1, 6 dhe 11.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar kufizimet ekzistuese. P\u00ebr shembull, ndikimi i nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb i pajisjeve mund t\u00eb kompensohet me uljen e fuqis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfitimet e moderat\u00ebs n\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka<\/h3>\n

\nSi\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, ulja e fuqis\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb di\u00e7ka negative. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, me rritjen e fuqis\u00eb, cil\u00ebsia e pranimit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme dhe kjo nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb fare me \"dob\u00ebsin\u00eb\" e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb cilat raste kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme.<\/p>\n

Ngarkesa e frequencies radio<\/h4>\n

\nEfekti i ngarkes\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb momentin e zgjedhjes s\u00eb paisjes p\u00ebr lidhje. N\u00ebse n\u00eb list\u00ebn e rrjeteve Wi-Fi ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se tre-kat\u00ebr pika, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr ngarkimin e rangut t\u00eb radios. \u00c7do rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb burim pengesash p\u00ebr fqinj\u00ebt e tij. K\u00ebto pengesa ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e rrjetit, sepse rrisin ndjesh\u00ebm nivelin e zhurm\u00ebs dhe kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb paketave. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, rekomandimi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ulni fuqin\u00eb e transmetuesit n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e aksesit, idealisht t'i bindni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fqinj\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u penguar nd\u00ebrsjelltas.<\/p>\n

Situata kujton nj\u00eb klas\u00eb shkollore gjat\u00eb or\u00ebs, kur m\u00ebsuesi ka dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb. \u00c7do nx\u00ebn\u00ebs fillon t\u00eb flas\u00eb me shokun e tij n\u00eb bank\u00eb dhe me koleg\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. N\u00eb zhurm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, ata nuk d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb mir\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb flasin m\u00eb fort, pastaj edhe m\u00eb fort dhe n\u00eb fund fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtasin. M\u00ebsuesi vjen shpejt n\u00eb klas\u00eb, merr disa masa disiplinore dhe situata rikthen normalitetin. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr m\u00ebsuesin p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojm\u00eb administratorin e rrjetit dhe p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit \u2014 pronar\u00ebt e pikave t\u00eb qasjes, at\u00ebher\u00eb e marrim pothuajse nj\u00eb analogji t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Lidhje asimetrike<\/h4>\n

\nAshtu si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb par\u00eb, fuqia e transmetuesit t\u00eb pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb 2-3 her\u00eb m\u00eb e fort\u00eb se n\u00eb pajisjet mobile t\u00eb klient\u00ebve: tablet\u00ebt, smartphone, laptop\u00ebt dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Prandaj, ka nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr shfaqjen e \"zonave t\u00eb err\u00ebta\", ku klienti do t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb stabilizuar t\u00eb mir\u00eb nga pika e qasjes, nd\u00ebrsa transmetimi nga klienti deri n\u00eb pik\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb \"nuk shum\u00eb\". Kjo lloj lidhjeje quhet asimetrike. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur nj\u00eb lidhje stabile me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb mir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje simetrike midis pajisjes s\u00eb klientit dhe pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes, ku marrja dhe d\u00ebrgimi n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja drejtimet funksionojn\u00eb mjaft efektivisht.<\/p>\n

\n\"P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi
\nFigura 1. Lidhja asimetrike me shembullin e nj\u00eb plani t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur lidhjet asimetrike, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb evitoni rritjen e pamend t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb transmetuesit.<\/p>\n

Kur k\u00ebrkohet rritja e fuqis\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nFaktor\u00ebt e listuar m\u00eb posht\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb rritje t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr\u00e7arjet nga pajisjet e komunikimit t\u00eb radios dhe elektronik\u00ebs s\u00eb tjera<\/h4>\n

\nPajisjet Bluetooth, p\u00ebr shembull, kufjet, tastierat dhe maus\u00ebt pa tel q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 2.4 GHz dhe ndikojn\u00eb si p\u00ebr\u00e7arje n\u00eb funksionimin e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb tjera Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n

Pajisjet e listuara m\u00eb posht\u00eb gjithashtu mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim negativ n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sinjalit:<\/p>\n