{"id":33632,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odna-sistema-monitoringa\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:52","slug":"eshhe-odna-sistema-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odna-sistema-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb sistem tjet\u00ebr monitorimi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nj\u00eb
\n16 modema, 4 operator\u00eb celular\u00eb = Shpejt\u00ebsia e d\u00ebrgimit 933.45 Mbit\/s<\/em> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hyrje<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje! Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull mbi m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn si shkruam p\u00ebr veten ton\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ri monitorimi. Ajo dallon nga ato ekzistuese p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e marrjes me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe sinkronizimit t\u00eb metrikave me nj\u00eb konsumim shum\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb burimeve. Frekuenca e anketimit mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 0.1 milisekond, me sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e sinkronizimit nd\u00ebrmjet metrikave n\u00eb 10 nanosekonda. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb skedar\u00ebt binar\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb 6 megabajt. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr projektin<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Ne kemi nj\u00eb produkt mjaft specifik. Ne prodhojm\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb integruar p\u00ebr akumulimin e kapacitetit dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb kanaleve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. \u00cbsht\u00eb kur ka disa kanale, le t\u00eb themi Operator1 (40Mbit\/s) + Operator2 (30Mbit\/s) + di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr (5 Mbit\/s), rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal stabil dhe t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, shpejt\u00ebsia e t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht k\u00ebshtu: (40+30+5)x0.92=75\u00d70.92=69 Mbit\/s. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto zgjidhje k\u00ebrkohen aty ku kapaciteti i \u00e7do kanali t\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm. P.sh., transporti, sistemet e video-monitorimit dhe transmetimit t\u00eb videos n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, transmetimi i emisioneve t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta radio-televizive, \u00e7do objekt n\u00eb periferi ku nga operator\u00ebt e komunikimit ka vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb kat\u00ebrshes s\u00eb madhe dhe shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb modem\/kanal nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme.
\nP\u00ebr secil\u00ebn nga k\u00ebto drejtime, ne publikojm\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb pajisjesh, megjithat\u00eb pjesa e tyre software \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb sistem monitorimi cil\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga modulat e tij kryesore, pa zbatimin e duhur t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit produkti do t\u00eb ishte i pamundur.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb disa viteve, na ka arritur t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem monitorimi t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, shum\u00eb-ndarje dhe t\u00eb leht\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb edhe duam t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb me komunitetin e nderuar.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Formulimi i detyr\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Sistema e monitorimit siguron marrjen e metrikave t\u00eb dy klasave thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb ndryshme: metrikat n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr sistemin e monitorimit ka pasur vet\u00ebm k\u00ebrkesat e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Marrje sinkronike me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb metrikave n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe d\u00ebrgimi i tyre n\u00eb sistemin e menaxhimit t\u00eb komunikacionit pa vonesa.
    \nFrekuenca e lart\u00eb dhe sinkronizimi i metrikeve t\u00eb ndryshme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, por \u00ebsht\u00eb jet\u00ebsor p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e entropis\u00eb s\u00eb kanaleve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. N\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal transmetimi mesatarja e vones\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb 30 milisekonda, gabimi n\u00eb sinkronizim midis metrikeve t\u00eb tjera me vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb milisekond\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb degradim t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kanalit p\u00ebrfundimtar rreth 5%. N\u00ebse gabojm\u00eb n\u00eb sinkronizim me 1 milisekond\u00eb n\u00eb 4 kanale, degradimi i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb mund t\u00eb bjer\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht deri n\u00eb 30%. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, entropia n\u00eb kanale ndryshon shum\u00eb shpejt, prandaj n\u00ebse e matim at\u00eb m\u00eb rrall\u00eb se nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb 0.5 milisekonda, n\u00eb kanale t\u00eb shpejta me vones\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl do t\u00eb marrim degradim t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Sigurisht, nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsi e till\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha metrike dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kushtet. Kur vonesa n\u00eb kanal \u00ebsht\u00eb 500 milisekonda, dhe ne punojm\u00eb me t\u00eb tilla, gabimi n\u00eb 1 milisekond\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pothuajse i duksh\u00ebm. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebr metrike t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs, na mjafton nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb anketimi dhe sinkronizimi prej 2 sekondash, megjithat\u00eb vet\u00eb sistemi i monitorimit duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me frekuenca t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme anketimi dhe sinkronizim t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb metrikeve.<\/li>\n
  2. Konsum minimal i burimeve dhe nj\u00eb grumbull i unifikuar.
    \nDispozitati p\u00ebrfundimtar mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb kompleks t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm bord, i cili mund t\u00eb analizoje situat\u00ebn n\u00eb rrug\u00eb ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb biometrikisht njer\u00ebzit, ashtu si nj\u00eb kompjuter nj\u00ebpjes\u00ebsh q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sa nj\u00eb p\u00ebll\u00ebmb\u00eb dhe q\u00eb e bart nj\u00eb ushtar special p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar video n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale n\u00eb kushte lidhjeje t\u00eb keqe. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtij ndryshimi t\u00eb arkitekturave dhe fuqive llogarit\u00ebse, d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb grumbull t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb softueri.<\/li>\n
  3. Arkitektura mbulues
    \nMetriket duhet t\u00eb mblidhen dhe agregohen n\u00eb dispozitiven p\u00ebrfundimtare, t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem lokal ruajtjeje dhe vizualizimi n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe retrospektivisht. N\u00eb rast se ka lidhje, duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb sistemin qendror t\u00eb monitorimit. Kur nuk ka lidhje, radhitja p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgim duhet t\u00eb akumulohet dhe t\u00eb mos konsumohet memorie operative. <\/li>\n
  4. API p\u00ebr integrimin n\u00eb sistemin e monitorimit t\u00eb klientit, sepse askujt nuk i nevojiten shum\u00eb sisteme monitorimi. Klienti duhet t\u00eb mblidhte t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga \u00e7do pajisje dhe rrjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb monitorim t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u00c7far\u00eb rezultati kemi arritur<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

    P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e ngarkuar m\u00eb tej k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb jap shembuj dhe matje t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit. Kjo do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr. Thjesht do t\u00eb thosha se nuk arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem monitorimi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb dy metrika n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl se 1 milisekond\u00eb dhe q\u00eb punon nj\u00ebsoj n\u00eb arhitektur\u00ebn ARM me 64MB RAM dhe n\u00eb arhitektur\u00ebn x86_64 me 32GB RAM. Prandaj, vendos\u00ebm t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb tonin ton\u00eb, e cila di t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ja \u00e7far\u00eb arrit\u00ebm:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Shumimi i kapacitetit t\u00eb tre kanaleve p\u00ebr topologji t\u00eb ndryshme rrjeti<\/h3>\n

    \n

    \r\n \"Luaj\r\n
    <\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
    \n
    \r\n \"Luaj\r\n
    <\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

    Vizualizimi i disa metrikave ky\u00e7e<\/h3>\n

    \n\"Nj\u00eb
    \n\"Nj\u00eb
    \n\"Nj\u00eb
    \n\"Nj\u00eb<\/p>\n

    Arkitektura<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Si gjuh\u00eb kryesore programimi, si n\u00eb pajisje ashtu edhe n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn e T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave (QTD), ne p\u00ebrdorim Golang. Ai ka thjeshtuar jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme me realizimin e multithreading dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar binar t\u00eb lidhur statikisht p\u00ebr \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim. Si rezultat, ne kursyemi ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb burime, metoda dhe trafikun e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb fundit, koh\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvillimit dhe debuggimit t\u00eb kodit. <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar sipas parimeve klasike modulare dhe p\u00ebrmban disa n\u00ebn-sisteme:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Regjistrimi i metrikeve.
      \n\u00c7do metrik\u00eb trajtohet nga nj\u00eb proces i dedikuar dhe sinjalizohet p\u00ebrmes kanaleve. Na arriti t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsi sinhronizimi deri n\u00eb 10 nanosekonda.<\/li>\n
    2. Ruajtja e metrikeve
      \nKemi zgjedhur midis nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb deponis\u00eb son\u00eb p\u00ebr seri temporale ose p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb di\u00e7kaje q\u00eb ekziston. Nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat retrospaktive, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb pasojn\u00eb vizualizimin. Pra, nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr vonesat n\u00eb kanal \u00e7do 0.5 milisekonda ose p\u00ebrmbledhjet e gabimeve n\u00eb rrjetin e transportit, por ka shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do nd\u00ebrfaqe \u00e7do 500 milisekonda. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb platformave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe konsumim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb burimeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr ne t\u00eb kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb procesuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat atje ku ato ruhen. Kjo kursen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kolosale burimet kompjuterike. Prej vitit 2016, ne p\u00ebrdorim sistemin e menaxhimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Tarantool p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt dhe p\u00ebr momentin nuk shohim asnj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim n\u00eb horizont. Fleksib\u00ebl, me konsumim optimal t\u00eb burimeve dhe mb\u00ebshtetje teknike m\u00eb shum\u00eb se adekuate. Gjithashtu, n\u00eb Tarantool \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar moduli GIS. Natyrisht, ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i fuqish\u00ebm sa PostGIS, por \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr detyrat tona t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb disa metrikave t\u00eb lidhura me lokacionin (relevante p\u00ebr transportin). <\/li>\n
    3. Vizualizimi i metrikave
      \nK\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e thjesht\u00eb. Marrim t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga depoja dhe i tregojm\u00eb ose n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale ose retrospktivisht. <\/li>\n
    4. Sinkronizimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me sistemin qendror t\u00eb monitorimit.
      \nSistemi qendror i monitorimit pranon t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet, i ruan ato me nj\u00eb retrospektiv\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar dhe p\u00ebrmes API-eve i d\u00ebrgon ato n\u00eb sistemin e monitorimit t\u00eb Klientit. Ndryshe nga sistemet klasike t\u00eb monitorimit, ku \"koka\" sh\u00ebtit dhe mbledh t\u00eb dh\u00ebna \u2014 ne kemi nj\u00eb skem\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt. Pajisjet vet\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna kur ka lidhje. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb moment shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, pasi lejon marrjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga pajisja p\u00ebr ato periudha kohore kur ajo nuk ishte e disponueshme dhe nuk ngarkon kanalet dhe burimet n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kur pajisja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme. Si sistemin qendror t\u00eb monitorimit p\u00ebrdorim Influx monitoring server. Ndryshe nga analog\u00ebt, ai di t\u00eb importoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna retrospektive (dmth, me nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb kohe t\u00eb ndryshme nga momenti i marrjes s\u00eb metrik\u00ebs). Metrikat e mbledhura vizualizohen nga Grafana e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar. Kjo paket\u00eb standarde u zgjodh gjithashtu sepse ka API integrimesh gati me \u00e7do sistem monitorimi t\u00eb klientit.<\/li>\n
    5. Sinkronizimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me sistemin qendror t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb pajisjeve.
      \nSistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb pajisjeve zbaton Zero Touch Provisioning (p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i firmware, konfigurimeve, etj.) dhe ndryshe nga sistemi i monitorimit, merr vet\u00ebm problemet nga pajisjet. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb sprovat e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb ruajtjes t\u00eb bordit dhe t\u00eb gjitha metrikat e sistemeve t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs: temperatura e CPU-s\u00eb dhe SSD-s\u00eb, ngarkesa e CPU-s\u00eb, hap\u00ebsira e lir\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebndeti S.M.A.R.T n\u00eb disqe. Ruajtja e n\u00ebn-sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e nd\u00ebrtuar mbi Tarantool. Kjo na jep nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb agregimin e serive temporale p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra pajisje, si dhe zgjidh plot\u00ebsisht \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e sinkronizimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me k\u00ebto pajisje. Tarantool p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer t\u00eb radhitjeve dhe dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb garantuar. K\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e mor\u00ebm nga kutia, shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb rrjetit<\/h3>\n

      \n\"Nj\u00eb<\/p>\n

      \u00c7far\u00eb pason<\/h2>\n

      <\/p>\n

      N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, pika m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi qendror i monitorimit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar n\u00eb 99.9% n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn standarde dhe ka disa mang\u00ebsi:<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. InfluxDB humbet t\u00eb dh\u00ebna kur ndalet energjia. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, Klienti merr menj\u00ebher\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb vjen nga pajisjet dhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb DB-n\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra se 5 minuta, megjithat\u00eb kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/li>\n
      2. Grafana ka disa probleme me agregimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe sinkronizimin e shfaqjes s\u00eb tyre. Problemi m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm - \u00ebsht\u00eb kur n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ekziston nj\u00eb seri temporale me nj\u00eb interval prej 2 sekondash duke filluar, thon\u00eb, nga 00:00:00, nd\u00ebrsa Grafana fillon t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb agregim nga +1 sekond\u00eb. Si rezultat, p\u00ebrdoruesi sheh nj\u00eb grafik q\u00eb luhatet.<\/li>\n
      3. M\u00eb shum\u00eb kod p\u00ebr integrimin e API me sistemet e jashtme t\u00eb monitorimit. Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet shum\u00eb m\u00eb kompakt dhe sigurisht t\u00eb shkruhet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb Go)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Mendoj se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e keni par\u00eb si duket Grafana dhe pa mua e dini problemet e saj, prandaj nuk do t\u00eb ngarkoj postimin me imazhe.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Q\u00ebllimisht nuk e p\u00ebrshkrova detajet teknike, por p\u00ebrshkrova vet\u00ebm dizajnin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sistemi. Fillimisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar teknologjikisht sistemin do t\u00eb nevojitej nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr. E dyta, nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb interesante p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Shkruani n\u00eb komentet se cilat detaje teknike do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironit t\u00eb dinit. <\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

        N\u00ebse ndokush ka pyetje p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebtij artikulli, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb shkruani n\u00eb adres\u00ebn a.rodin @ qedr.com<\/p>\n

        Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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