{"id":33717,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/delegirovanie-obratnoj-zony-podseti-menee-24-v-bind-kak-eto-rabotaet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","slug":"delegirovanie-obratnoj-zony-podseti-menee-24-v-bind-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/delegirovanie-obratnoj-zony-podseti-menee-24-v-bind-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Delegimi i zon\u00ebs s\u00eb prapme t\u00eb subnetit m\u00eb pak se \/24 n\u00eb BIND. Si funksionon kjo","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb erdhi nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb, t\u00eb jap t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb redaktuar regjistrimet PTR t\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjeti \/28 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nga klient\u00ebt. Nuk kam automatizim p\u00ebr t\u00eb redaktuar cil\u00ebsimet BIND nga jasht\u00eb. Prandaj vendosa t\u00eb ndjek nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2014 t\u00eb delegoj nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb zon\u00ebs PTR t\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetit \/24 te klienti.<\/p>\n

Duket e thjesht\u00eb \u2014 thjesht shkruajm\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetin si duhet dhe e drejtojm\u00eb te NS i duhur, ashtu si\u00e7 b\u00ebhet me n\u00ebn-domenin. Por jo. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu kaq e thjesht\u00eb (edhe pse n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt primitv, por intuita nuk ndihmon), prandaj po e shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull.<\/p>\n

Kushdo q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb vet\u00eb, mund t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb RFC<\/a><\/noindex>
\nKushdo q\u00eb do nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb gatshme, mir\u00ebsevini posht\u00eb.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb mos vonuar ata q\u00eb preferojn\u00eb metod\u00ebn e kopjo-pasto, fillimisht do t\u00eb publikoj pjes\u00ebn praktike, dhe pas saj teorike.<\/p>\n

1. Praktika. Delegojm\u00eb zon\u00ebn \/28<\/b><\/p>\n

Supozoni q\u00eb kemi n\u00ebnrrjetin 7.8.9.0\/24<\/b>. Na nevojitet t\u00eb delegojm\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetin 7.8.9.240\/28<\/b> te DNS klienti 7.8.7.8<\/b> (ns1.client.domain<\/b>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb DNS t\u00eb ofruesit, duhet t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb skedarin q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan zon\u00ebn e kund\u00ebrt t\u00eb k\u00ebtij n\u00ebnrrjeti. Le t\u00eb jet\u00eb 9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b>.
\nRegjistrimet nga 240 deri n\u00eb 255 i komentojm\u00eb, n\u00ebse ka. Dhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb skedarit shkruajm\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

255-240  IN  NS      7.8.7.8\n$GENERATE 240-255 $ CNAME $.255-240<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMos harrojm\u00eb t\u00eb rrisim serialin e zon\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb <\/p>\n
rndc reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjitha p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e ofruesit. T\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te DNS i klientit.<\/p>\n
S\u00eb pari, ta krijojm\u00eb skedarin \/etc\/bind\/master\/255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b> p\u00ebrmbajtja e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n
$ORIGIN 255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa.\n$TTL 1W\n@                       1D IN SOA       ns1.client.domain. root.client.domain. (\n                        2008152607      ; serial\n                        3H              ; refresh\n                        15M             ; retry\n                        1W              ; expiry\n                        1D )            ; minimum\n@                       IN NS        ns1.client.domain.\n@                       IN NS        ns2.client.domain.\n241                     IN PTR          test.client.domain.\n242                     IN PTR          test2.client.domain.\n245                     IN PTR          test5.client.domain.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe n\u00eb named.conf<\/b> shtojm\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e skedarit ton\u00eb t\u00eb ri:<\/p>\n
zone \"255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa.\" IN {\n        type master;\n        file \"master\/255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa\";\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nB e ri-fillojm\u00eb procesin bind.<\/p>\n
\/etc\/init.d\/named restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00ebtu. Tani mund t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n
#>  host 7.8.9.245 \n245.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa is an alias for 245.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa.\n245.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer test5.client.domain.<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVini re se nuk jepet vet\u00ebm regjistrimi PTR, por edhe CNAME. K\u00ebshtu duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb. N\u00ebse jeni kurioz\u00eb pse, mir\u00ebsevini n\u00eb kapitullin e ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
2. Teoria. Si funksionon.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguroni dhe diagnostikoni nj\u00eb kutin\u00eb e zez\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb n\u00ebse kuptoni se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh brenda.<\/p>\n
Kur ne delegojm\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-domen n\u00eb domenin domain<\/b>, shkruajm\u00eb di\u00e7ka si kjo:<\/p>\n
client.domain.\tNS\tns1.client.domain.\nns1.client.domain.\tA\t7.8.7.8<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNe u themi t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve q\u00eb po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb, se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrgjigjemi dhe tregojm\u00eb se kush p\u00ebrgjigjet. Dhe t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr client.domain<\/b> k\u00ebrkohen te 7.8.7.8. Kur e kontrollojm\u00eb, shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb pamje (do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb mbi at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhet te klienti, nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi):<\/p>\n
# host test.client.domain\ntest.client.domain has address 7.8.9.241<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPra, na u tha se ka nj\u00eb regjistrim A dhe ip-ja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb 7.8.9.241. Asnj\u00eb informacion i panevojsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Po si mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb me n\u00ebnrrjetin?<\/b><\/p>\n
Duke qen\u00eb se serveri yn\u00eb DNS \u00ebsht\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb RIPE, n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr IP t\u00eb adres\u00ebs nga rrjeti yn\u00eb, gjithsesi k\u00ebrkesa e par\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb te ne. Logjika \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si me domenet. Por si ta p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetin n\u00eb skedarin e zon\u00ebs?<\/p>\n
Provojm\u00eb ta shkruajm\u00eb k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n
255-240  IN  NS      7.8.7.8<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0418\u2026 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e bind \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e ip-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0436 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u0422.\u0435. \u0434\u043b\u044f bind \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 «255-240<\/b>» dhe «oursuperclient<\/b>«. \u0418 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0443\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a: 241.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b>. Ose k\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-domen simbolik: 241.oursuperclient.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b>. Kjo ndryshon nga e zakonshmja: 241.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb e till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej me duar. Dhe edhe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte e mundur, prap\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si ta aplikojm\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn reale. Sepse n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn 7.8.9.241<\/b> na p\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn e ofruesit DNS, jo t\u00eb klientit.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebtu nd\u00ebrhyn CNAME<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Nga ana e ofruesit, duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb aliase p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha adresat IP t\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb format q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn te DNS i klientit.<\/p>\n
255-240  IN  NS      ns1.client.domain.\n241     IN  CNAME   241.255-240\n242     IN  CNAME   242.255-240\netj.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr ata t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar =). <\/p>\n
Dhe p\u00ebr ata t\u00eb len\u00ebve, m\u00eb mir\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet struktura m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n
255-240  IN  NS      ns1.client.domain.\n$GENERATE 240-255 $ CNAME $.255-240<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTani k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr informacion n\u00eb adres\u00ebn 7.8.9.241<\/b> nga 241.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b> te serveri DNS i ofruesit do t\u00eb konvertohet n\u00eb 241.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b> dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet te DNS klienti. <\/p>\n
Nga ana e klientit, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb tilla. Prandaj krijojm\u00eb zon\u00ebn 255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa<\/b>. N\u00eb t\u00eb, ne n\u00eb parim mund t\u00eb vendosim regjistrimet e kund\u00ebrta p\u00ebr \u00e7do IP t\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjeti \/24, por ata do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm ato q\u00eb ofruesi na drejton, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb luajm\u00eb =).
\nP\u00ebr ilust\u00ebrim, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do t\u00eb jap nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb skedarit t\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb kund\u00ebrt nga ana e klientit:<\/p>\n
$ORIGIN 255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa.\n$TTL 1W\n@                       1D IN SOA       ns1.client.domain. root.client.domain. (\n                        2008152607      ; serial\n                        3H              ; refresh\n                        15M             ; retry\n                        1W              ; expiry\n                        1D )            ; minimum\n@                       IN NS        ns1.client.domain.\n@                       IN NS        ns2.client.domain.\n241                     IN PTR          test.client.domain.\n242                     IN PTR          test2.client.domain.\n245                     IN PTR          test5.client.domain.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak se nga ana e ofruesit p\u00ebrdorim CNAME, ne gjithashtu marrim n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje dy regjistrime, e jo nj\u00eb. adres\u00ebs IP<\/a> \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n
#>  host 7.8.9.245 \n245.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa is an alias for 245.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa.\n245.255-240.9.8.7.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer test5.client.domain.<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDhe mos harroni t\u00eb konfiguroni sakt\u00eb ACL. Sepse nuk ka kuptim t\u00eb merrni zon\u00ebn PTR p\u00ebr vete dhe t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrgjigjeni askujt nga jasht\u00eb =).<\/b><\/i>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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