{"id":34006,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:54","slug":"printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","title":{"rendered":"Parimi i funksionimit t\u00eb protokollit VRRP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

FHRP (Protokolli i Redundanc\u00ebs s\u00eb Hapit t\u00eb Par\u00eb)<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb grup protokolesh t\u00eb dizajnuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar redundanc\u00eb t\u00eb der\u00ebs p\u00ebr default. Ideja e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr k\u00ebto protokolle \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb disa ruter\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ruter virtual me nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Kjo adres\u00eb IP do t\u00eb caktohet n\u00eb host-et si adresa e der\u00ebs p\u00ebr default. Nj\u00eb realizim i lir\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj ideje \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli VRRP (Protokolli i Redundanc\u00ebs s\u00eb Ruterit Virtual). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb bazat e protokollit VRRP.<\/p>\n

\"Parimi<\/a><\/noindex>
\nRuter\u00ebt VRRP bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb ruter virtual. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ruter\u00ebt n\u00eb grup kan\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP (VIP) virtuale t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr grupi ose VRID (Identifikuesi i Ruterit Virtual). Nj\u00eb ruter mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e disa grupeve, \u00e7do grup duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb \u00e7iftin e vet unik VIP\/VRID.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e Cisco, ruter\u00ebt virtual\u00eb caktohen n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen q\u00eb na intereson me komand\u00ebn:<\/p>\n

R1(config-if)# vrrp  ip<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nT\u00eb gjith\u00eb ruter\u00ebt ndahen n\u00eb dy lloje: VRRP Master dhe VRRP Backup. <\/p>\n
VRRP Master<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb ruter q\u00eb merret me d\u00ebrgimin e paketave p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb grup virtual. <\/p>\n
VRRP Backup<\/b> \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb ruter q\u00eb pret paket\u00ebn nga Master. N\u00ebse paketat nga Master nuk arrijn\u00eb m\u00eb, Backup p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen Master. <\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb ruter b\u00ebhet Master n\u00ebse ka prioritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Master vazhdimisht d\u00ebrgon mesazhe n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e shp\u00ebrndarjes 224.0.0.18, p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ruter\u00ebt Backup se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb aktiv. Master d\u00ebrgon mesazhe sipas timerit Adver Timer, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb me default 1 sekond\u00eb. <\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, si adres\u00eb MAC e d\u00ebrguesit p\u00ebrdoret adresa e grupit 00:00:5E:00:01:xx, ku xx \u00ebsht\u00eb VRID n\u00eb formatin hexadecimal. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shembull, p\u00ebrdoret grupi i par\u00eb. <\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nN\u00ebse ruter\u00ebt Backup nuk marrin mesazhe brenda tre Adver Timer (Master Down Timer), at\u00ebher\u00eb Master i ri b\u00ebhet ruter me prioritetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ose ruter me IP-n\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ruter\u00ebt Backup me prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb do t\u00eb kapin rolin e Master nga ai me prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb, kur Backup ka t\u00eb dezaktivuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn preempt, Backup nuk do t\u00eb kap\u00eb rolin nga Master. <\/p>\n
R1(config-if)# no vrrp  preempt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00ebse ruter VRRP \u00ebsht\u00eb pronari i adres\u00ebs VIP, ai gjithmon\u00eb kap rolin e Master. <\/p>\n
Prioriteti i VRRP caktohet n\u00eb vlera nga 1 deri n\u00eb 254. Vlera 0 \u00ebsht\u00eb e rezervuar p\u00ebr rastet kur Master duhet t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb<\/i> merr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr rutimin. Vlera 255 i caktohet ruterit pronar t\u00eb VIP. Prioriteti i parazgjedhur \u00ebsht\u00eb 100, por mund t\u00eb caktohet administrativisht:<\/p>\n
R1(config-if)#vrrp  prioritet<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nK\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb shohim prioritetin e ruterit, kur ai caktohet administrativisht:<\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nDhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast, kur ruterit i takon VIP:<\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nRuteri VRRP mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb tre gjendje: Initialize, Backup, Master. K\u00ebto gjendje ruterit i nd\u00ebrron n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. <\/p>\n
N\u00eb gjendjen Initialize, ruteri pret fillimin e pun\u00ebs. N\u00ebse ky ruter \u00ebsht\u00eb pronar i adres\u00ebs VIP (prioriteti \u00ebsht\u00eb 255), at\u00ebher\u00eb ruteri d\u00ebrgon mesazhe q\u00eb b\u00ebhet Master. Ai gjithashtu d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ARP t\u00eb pa\u00e7muar<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn adresa MAC e burimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me adres\u00ebn e ruterit virtual. Pastaj kalon n\u00eb gjendjen Master. N\u00ebse ruteri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pronar i VIP, at\u00ebher\u00eb kalon n\u00eb gjendjen Backup. <\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nN\u00eb gjendjen Backup, ruteri pret paketa nga Master. Ruteri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje nuk p\u00ebrgjigjet n\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat ARP nga adresa VIP. Gjithashtu nuk pranon paketa, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat adresa e destinacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa MAC e ruterit virtual. <\/p>\n
N\u00ebse Backup nuk merr mesazhe nga Master p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb Master Down Timer, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh VRRP q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet Master. Pastaj d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh VRRP t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin adresa MAC e burimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me adres\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij ruterit virtual. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mesazh, ruteri tregon prioritetin e tij.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb gjendjen Master, ruteri merret me paketat e adresuara p\u00ebr ruterin virtual. Ai gjithashtu p\u00ebrgjigjet n\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat ARP p\u00ebr VIP. Master d\u00ebrgon mesazhe VRRP \u00e7do Adver Timer p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfirmuar q\u00eb ai \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb. <\/p>\n
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 gjendja Init -> Backup\n*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1\/0 Grp 1 gjendja Backup -> Master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVRRP gjithashtu lejon balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs midis disa ruter\u00ebve. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe krijohen dy grupe VRRP. Nj\u00eb grupi i caktohet nj\u00eb prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se tjetri. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb ruterin e dyt\u00eb prioriteti cakohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt. Pra, n\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb ruter prioriteti i grupit t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 100, nd\u00ebrsa ai i grupit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 200, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb ruterin tjet\u00ebr prioriteti i grupit t\u00eb par\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 200, nd\u00ebrsa ai i dyt\u00eb 100. <\/p>\n
Siqur derisa, n\u00eb \u00e7do grup duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb VIP t\u00eb vet unik. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, ne marrim dy adresat IP, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbehen nga dy rrug\u00ebzoj\u00ebs, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si port\u00eb e paracaktuar. <\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nNj\u00eb adres\u00eb port\u00eb e paracaktuar i caktohet gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa gjysma tjet\u00ebr e merr adres\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. K\u00ebshtu, gjysma e trafikut do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rrug\u00ebzojeje, nd\u00ebrsa gjysma tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebzoj\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit nga rrug\u00ebzoj\u00ebsit, tjetri merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e t\u00eb dy VIP-\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
\"Parimi
\nK\u00ebshtu, VRRP lejon organizimin e q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb port\u00ebs s\u00eb paracaktuar, duke rritur besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e rrjetit. Dhe n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb disa rrug\u00ebzoj\u00ebsve virtual\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb balancohet ngarkesa midis rrug\u00ebzoj\u00ebsve real\u00eb. Shpejt\u00ebsia e reagimit ndaj d\u00ebshtimit mund t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet duke ulur timer\u00ebt.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Parimi i funksionimit t\u00eb protokollit VRRP | ProHoster","description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 nj\u00eb grup protokolesh, t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar tepric\u00ebn e port\u00ebs s\u00eb paracaktuar.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 VRRP | ProHoster","og:description":"FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/printsip-raboty-protokola-vrrp","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:55:54+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:55:54+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"34006","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 17:33:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 02:29:44","updated":"2026-01-21 17:33:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34006"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34006\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}