{"id":34264,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/glavnaya-prichina-avarij-v-data-tsentrah-prokladka-mezhdu-kompyuterom-i-kreslom\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:17","slug":"glavnaya-prichina-avarij-v-data-tsentrah-prokladka-mezhdu-kompyuterom-i-kreslom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/glavnaya-prichina-avarij-v-data-tsentrah-prokladka-mezhdu-kompyuterom-i-kreslom","title":{"rendered":"Arsyeja kryesore e aksidenteve n\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja midis kompjuterit dhe karriges.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tema e aksidenteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb Qendrat e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave moderne ngre pyetje p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb artikullin e par\u00eb nuk kishte p\u00ebrgjigje \u2014 ne vendos\u00ebm ta zgjerojm\u00eb at\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\"Arsyeja<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse i besojm\u00eb statistikave t\u00eb Uptime Institute, shumica e incidenteve n\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me d\u00ebshtimet e sistemit t\u00eb furnizimit me energji \u2014 ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 39% t\u00eb incidenteve. Pas tyre, faktor\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb ndjekin me 24% t\u00eb aksidenteve. Arsyetimi i tret\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm (15%) \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi i sistemit t\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb kondicionuar, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vendin e kat\u00ebrt (12%) shfaqen katastrofat natyrore. Shuma e aksidenteve t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vet\u00ebm 10%. Pa v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e k\u00ebsaj organizate t\u00eb respektuar, le t\u2019i ndajm\u00eb ngjarjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebsi dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb ishin shmangur ato. Spoiler: n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, po.<\/p>\n

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Shkenca e kontakteve<\/h2>\n

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Th\u00ebn\u00eb shkurt, me furnizimin me energji ka vet\u00ebm dy probleme: ose kontakti mungon atje ku duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb, ose ai \u00ebsht\u00eb prezent aty ku nuk duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb p\u00ebr besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sistemeve moderne t\u00eb furnizimit me energji t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb, por ato nuk shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb. Merrni p\u00ebr shembull rastin e njohur me qendr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb British Airways, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i takon kompania am\u00eb International Airlines Group. Af\u00ebr aeroportit Heathrow ndodhen dy nga k\u00ebto objekte \u2014 Boadicea House dhe Comet House. N\u00eb t\u00eb parin nga ta, m\u00eb 27 maj 2017, ndodhi nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje aksidentale e energjis\u00eb, e cila shkaktoi ngarkim t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt dhe d\u00ebshtim t\u00eb sistemit UPS. Si rezultat, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pajisjeve IT u d\u00ebmtuan fizikisht, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb riparuar d\u00ebshtimin e fundit nevojiteshin tre dit\u00eb. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kompania ajrore u detyrua t\u00eb anulonte ose t\u00eb shtynte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb mij\u00eb fluturime, rreth 75 mij\u00eb pasagjer\u00eb nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb fluturonin n\u00eb koh\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebr pages\u00ebn e kompensimeve u shpenzuan 128 milion dollar\u00eb, pa llogaritur shpenzimet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkoheshin p\u00ebr rikthimin n\u00eb funksionim t\u00eb qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Historia e shkakut t\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb blakauti \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb. N\u00ebse i besojm\u00eb rezultateve t\u00eb hetimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shpallura nga drejtori i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i International Airlines Group, Willie Walsh, ndodhi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb gabimi t\u00eb inxhinier\u00ebve. Megjithat\u00eb, sistemi i furnizimit me energji t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kishte p\u00ebrballuar nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb till\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar. Qendrat e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave u menaxhuan nga specialist\u00eb t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb jashtme CBRE Managed Services, prandaj British Airways p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb shum\u00ebn e d\u00ebmit p\u00ebrmes gjykat\u00ebs s\u00eb Londr\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\n\"Arsyeja<\/p>\n

Avarit\u00eb e energjis\u00eb elektrike ndodhin n\u00eb skenar\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm: fillimisht ka ndalim p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb furnizuesit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb motit t\u00eb keq ose problemeve t\u00eb brendshme (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gabimet e personelit), dhe m\u00eb pas sistemi i furnizimit t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb me energji elektrike nuk p\u00ebrballon ngarkes\u00ebn ose nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme t\u00eb sinusoidit shkakton d\u00ebshtimin e shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, p\u00ebr rikthimin e operativitetit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilave nevojitet nj\u00eb sasi e madhe kohe dhe parash. A mund t\u00eb shmangen k\u00ebto avari? Sigurisht. N\u00ebse sistema projektuar si\u00e7 duhet, megjithat\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbrojtur nga gabimet, madje as krijuesit e Qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. <\/p>\n

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Faktori njeri<\/h2>\n

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Kur arsyeja e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e incidentit b\u00ebhet veprimi i gabuar i personelit t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, problemet zakonisht (por jo gjithmon\u00eb) prekin pjes\u00ebn programore t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT. K\u00ebto avari ndodhin edhe n\u00eb korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00eb shkurt 2017, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb komande t\u00eb gabuar nga nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar i grupit t\u00eb operacioneve teknike t\u00eb nj\u00eb nga Qendrat e t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e server\u00ebve t\u00eb Amazon Web Services u \u00e7aktivizua. Gabimi ndodhi gjat\u00eb debugimit t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb faturimit p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb ruajtjes n\u00eb oborrin Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Punonj\u00ebsi p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb fshinte disa nga serverat virtual\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga sistemi i faturimit, por goditi nj\u00eb klaster m\u00eb t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

\n\"Arsyeja<\/p>\n

Si rezultat i gabimit t\u00eb inxhinierit, server\u00ebt q\u00eb kishin l\u00ebshuar module t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme programore t\u00eb ruajtjes n\u00eb re t\u00eb Amazon u fshin\u00eb. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, u prek n\u00ebn sistemi i indeksimit, i cili p\u00ebrmbante informacion mbi metadat\u00ebn dhe vendndodhjen e t\u00eb gjitha objekteve S3 n\u00eb rajonin amerikan US-EAST-1. Incidenti preku gjithashtu n\u00ebn sistemin e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe menaxhimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr ruajtjen. Pasi u fshin makinat virtuale, k\u00ebto dy n\u00ebn sisteme k\u00ebrkuan nj\u00eb rinisje t\u00eb plot\u00eb, dhe m\u00eb pas inxhinier\u00ebt e Amazon u prit\u00ebn me nj\u00eb surpriz\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, sh\u00ebrbimi i ruajtjes n\u00eb re publik nuk ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente k\u00ebrkesat e klient\u00ebve. <\/p>\n

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Efekti u tregua masiv, pasi shum\u00eb burime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebrdorin Amazon S3. D\u00ebshtimet n\u00eb funksionim preku Trello, Coursera, IFTTT dhe, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e pak\u00ebndshme, sh\u00ebrbimet e partner\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb Amazon nga lista S&P 500. D\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblimi n\u00eb k\u00ebto raste \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrllogaritur, por shuma e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth qindra milion dollar\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb. Si\u00e7 e shihni, p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar sh\u00ebrbimin e platform\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb cloud-it, mjafton nj\u00eb komand\u00eb e gabuar. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i vet\u00ebm, m\u00eb 16 maj 2019, gjat\u00eb punimeve t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbajtjes, sh\u00ebrbimi Yandex.Cloud lidhjen p\u00ebr pranim dhurimesh dhe e d\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri aplikacionin n\u00eb katalog. Aktualisht, aplikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00eb p\u00ebr shqyrtim, deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin e t\u00eb cilit aplikacioni<\/a><\/noindex> makinat virtuale t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb zon\u00ebn ru-central1-c, t\u00eb cilat ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb statusin SUSPENDED. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e klient\u00ebve jan\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar k\u00ebtu, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb humbur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavlefshme. Sigurisht, njer\u00ebzit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur, por sistemet moderne t\u00eb siguris\u00eb informative tashm\u00eb din\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb veprimet e p\u00ebrdoruesve me privilegje para se t\u00eb ekzekutojn\u00eb komandat e futur prej tyre. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb implementohet n\u00eb Yandex ose Amazon, incidente t\u00eb ngjashme mund t\u00eb shmangen.<\/p>\n

\n\"Arsyeja<\/p>\n

Ftohje e ngrir\u00eb<\/h2>\n

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N\u00eb janar 2017 ndodhi nj\u00eb aksident i madh n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn e T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb \"Megafon\" n\u00eb Dmitrov. At\u00ebher\u00eb temperatura n\u00eb rajonin e Mosk\u00ebs ra n\u00eb -35 \u00b0C, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb humbjen e sistemit t\u00eb ftohjes s\u00eb objektit. Sh\u00ebrbimi p\u00ebr shtyp i operatorit nuk p\u00ebrhapeshin shum\u00eb p\u00ebr arsyet e incidentit \u2014 kompanit\u00eb ruse angazhohen shum\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr aksidentet n\u00eb objektet e tyre, n\u00eb aspektin e publik\u00ebs ne jemi shum\u00eb prapa Per\u00ebndimit. N\u00eb rrjetet sociale qarkullonte nj\u00eb version mbi ngrirjen e l\u00ebnd\u00ebs s\u00eb ngroht\u00eb n\u00eb tubat q\u00eb kalonin n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00eb dhe rrjedhjen e etilen glikolit. N\u00ebse i besojm\u00eb k\u00ebtij versioni, sh\u00ebrbimi i eksploatimit nuk arriti, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pushimeve t\u00eb gjata, t\u00eb merrte 30 ton l\u00ebng ftoh\u00ebs dhe u mundua t\u00eb improvizonte me mjete t\u00eb dor\u00ebs, duke organizuar nj\u00eb ftohje improvizuese me shkelje t\u00eb rregullave t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb sistemit. T\u00eb ftohtit e m\u00ebdha e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuan problemin - n\u00eb janar ndodhi papritur dimri n\u00eb Rusi, ndon\u00ebse askush nuk e priste. P\u00ebrfundimisht, personeli u detyrua t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kabinave t\u00eb server\u00ebve, si pasoj\u00eb e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs disa sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb operatorit nuk ishin t\u00eb aksesueshme p\u00ebr dy dit\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\n\"Arsyeja<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, mund t\u00eb flitet edhe p\u00ebr anomali atmosferike k\u00ebtu, por temperatura e till\u00eb e ngrir\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb asgj\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb p\u00ebr rajonin e kryeqytetit. Temperatura n\u00eb dim\u00ebr n\u00eb Podmoskove mund t\u00eb bjer\u00eb deri n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nd\u00ebrtohen me llogaritjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar q\u00ebndrush\u00ebm n\u00eb \u221242\u00b0\u0421. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti, sistemet e ftohjes d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ftohtin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimit t\u00eb pamjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb glikoleve dhe tep\u00ebrtit t\u00eb ujit n\u00eb zgjidhjen e bart\u00ebsit t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb. Ka edhe probleme me montimin e tubave ose me llogaritjet n\u00eb projektim dhe testimin e sistemit, kryesisht lidhur me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer. N\u00eb fund, ndodh nj\u00eb aksident serioz, i cili do t\u00eb kishte mundur t\u00eb parandalohej.<\/p>\n

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Katastrofat natyrore <\/h2>\n

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M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti, stuhit\u00eb dhe\/ose uraganet shqet\u00ebsojn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn inxhinierike t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb ndalimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe\/ose n\u00eb d\u00ebmtimin fizik t\u00eb pajisjeve. Incidentet e shkaktuara nga moti i keq ndodhin mjaft shpesh. N\u00eb vitin 2012, uragani Sandy kaloi p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb bregut per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara me shi t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Qendra e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Peer 1, e vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Manhattan-in e Posht\u00ebm, humb\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn e jashtme energjetike<\/a><\/noindex>, pasi uji i kripur i detit mbuloi bodrumet. Gjenerator\u00ebt e emergjenc\u00ebs ishin vendosur n\u00eb katin e 18-t\u00eb, dhe rezerva e karburantit p\u00ebr ta ishte e kufizuar - rregullat e vendosura n\u00eb New York pas sulmeve t\u00eb 11 Shtatorit ndalojn\u00eb ruajtjen e sasish t\u00eb m\u00ebdha karburanti n\u00eb katet e larta. <\/p>\n

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