{"id":34382,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","title":{"rendered":"Sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafik t\u00eb rrjeteve VoIP. Pjesa e par\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebrmbledhje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb material do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb element interesant dhe t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut VoIP.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEvolucioni i rrjeteve moderne t\u00eb telekomunikacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs: nga flak\u00ebt e sinjalit ata kan\u00eb ecur shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, dhe ajo q\u00eb dikur dukej e pamundur tani \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e zakonshme dhe e thjesht\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm profesionist\u00ebt e din\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb fshihet pas p\u00ebrditshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb arritjeve t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb teknologjive informative. Diversiteti i mjeteve t\u00eb transmetimit, m\u00ebnyrat e kalimit, protokollet e nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe algoritmet e kodimit \u00ebsht\u00eb befasues p\u00ebr mendjen e zakonshme dhe mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb qilim i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do person t\u00eb lidhur me funksionimin e sakt\u00eb dhe stabil t\u00eb tyre: kalimi i sinjaleve tonale ose trafiku vokal, pamund\u00ebsia e regjistrimit n\u00eb softswitch, testimi i pajisjeve t\u00eb reja, dhe ndarja e nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb prodhues.<\/p>\n

Koncepi i p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart i protokollit \u00ebsht\u00eb themeli i \u00e7do rrjeti t\u00eb komunikimit, nga i cili do t\u00eb varet arkitektura e tij, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja dhe kompleksiteti i pajisjeve q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb, lista e sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb ajo ofron dhe shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb tjera. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb ligjshm\u00ebri e dukshme, por shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb protokolli sinjalizimi m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e rrjetit t\u00eb komunikimit, e cila \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje mjaft t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, edhe p\u00ebrforcimi i nevojsh\u00ebm dhe i justifikuar i numrit t\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb lidhura t\u00eb rrjetit brenda k\u00ebsaj ligjshm\u00ebrie sjell nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsish t\u00eb lidhura me mb\u00ebshtetje dhe funksionimin e rrjetit. Shum\u00eb profesionist\u00eb kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb situata kur dump-i i marr\u00eb nuk lejon lokalizimin e qart\u00eb t\u00eb problemit t\u00eb shfaqur, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me shfaqjen e tij. <\/p>\n

Kjo situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e zakonshme n\u00eb rrjetet VoIP, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr pajisjesh m\u00eb t\u00eb madh se nj\u00eb PBX dhe disa telefona IP. P\u00ebr shembull, kur n\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebrdoren disa kontrollues sesionesh t\u00eb kufijve, switch-e fleksib\u00ebl ose softswitch nj\u00eb, por funksioni i p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndar\u00eb nga t\u00eb tjerat dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. At\u00ebher\u00eb inxhinieri duhet t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, duke u bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e tij empirike ose me rast\u00ebsi. <\/p>\n

Ky qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e lodhshme dhe jo produktive, pasi shtyn p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpenzuar koh\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb luft\u00ebn me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat \u00e7\u00ebshtje: \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr grumbullimin e paketave, si t\u00eb merret rezultati dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, si\u00e7 dihet, njeriu i p\u00ebrshtatet gjith\u00e7kaje. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e zakonshme, duke \u201eu m\u00ebsuar\u201c dhe duke trajnuar durimin. Megjithat\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ka nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk mund t\u00eb mos merret p\u00ebr konsiderat\u00eb \u2013 korelacioni i ndjekjeve t\u00eb marra nga segmente t\u00eb ndryshme. T\u00eb gjitha detyrat e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, si dhe shum\u00eb probleme t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjeteve komunikimi, p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb objekt t\u00eb veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb shum\u00eb specialist\u00ebve, p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve jan\u00eb krijuar sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikave.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikave t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb komunikimit<\/h3>\n

\nDhe s\u00eb bashku - po b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt: ti n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn t\u00ebnde, dhe un\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn time.
\nY. Detochkin
\n<\/i>
\nRrjetet moderne t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb mediave nd\u00ebrtohen dhe projektohen p\u00ebrmes implementimit t\u00eb koncepteve t\u00eb ndryshme, themeli i t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga shum\u00eb protokolle telekomunikacionesh: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP etj. Sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikave (SMT) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet, i cili ka si q\u00ebllim kapjen e mesazheve t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr (dhe jo vet\u00ebm) dhe ka nj\u00eb grup nd\u00ebrfaqesh t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme, intuitivisht t\u00eb kuptueshme dhe informuese p\u00ebr analizimin e tij. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i SMT-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme ndjekjet sinjalizuese dhe dumpet p\u00ebr \u00e7do interval kohor p\u00ebr specialist\u00ebt n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale) pa p\u00ebrdorimin e programeve t\u00eb specializuara (p\u00ebr shembull, Wireshark). Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7do specialist i kualifikuar i kushton v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb madhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve q\u00eb lidhen, p\u00ebr shembull, me sigurin\u00eb e infrastruktur\u00ebs IT. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb aspekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, i lidhur ngusht\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtij specialisti p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"mbajtur duar n\u00eb puls\", gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihet gjithashtu n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet njoftimeve t\u00eb shpejta p\u00ebr ngjarje t\u00eb ndryshme. Prandaj, kur flasim p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e njoftimit, ne flasim p\u00ebr monitorimin e rrjetit t\u00eb komunikimit. Kthyer te p\u00ebrkufizimi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, SMT lejon t\u00eb kontrollohet mesazhet, p\u00ebrgjigjet dhe aktivet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb sjellje anomale t\u00eb rrjetit (p.sh., p\u00ebrgjigjet 403 ose 408 t\u00eb grupit 4xx n\u00eb SIP ose nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb papritur t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb sesioneve n\u00eb tr\u00ebndafila), duke siguruar nj\u00eb infografik\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse q\u00eb ilustron qart\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodh. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut VoIP fillimisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo sistem klasik t\u00eb Monitorimit t\u00eb Defekteve, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb hartohet rrjeti, t\u00eb kontrollohet aksesueshm\u00ebria e elementeve t\u00eb tij, t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimi i burimeve, periferike dhe shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera (p.sh., si Zabbix).<\/p>\n

Pasi kuptuam se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut dhe detyrat q\u00eb ai zgjidh, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te \u00e7\u00ebshtja se si ta p\u00ebrdorim at\u00eb n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb evidente se vet\u00eb SMT nuk mund t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb Call Flow \"me urdhrin e peshkut\". P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb bashkohen trafiku p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs nga t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb \u2013 Capture Server. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrkufizimi i shkruar p\u00ebrcakton karakteristik\u00ebn e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit, e cila shpreh nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar centralizimin e vendit t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb trafikut sinjalizues dhe lejon p\u00ebrgjigjen ndaj pyetjes m\u00ebsip\u00ebr: \u00e7far\u00eb ofron p\u00ebrdorimi i kompleksit n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb funksionim ose n\u00eb implementim.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, si rregull, zakonisht nj\u00eb inxhinier rrall\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet, si\u00e7 thuhet, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ur n\u00eb pyetjen - n\u00eb cilin vend specifik do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ose mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pika e caktuar e centralizimit t\u00eb trafikut. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, specialist\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb seri hetimesh, t\u00eb lidhura me analiz\u00ebn e tematik\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit VoIP. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrcaktimi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri i p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb pajisjeve, p\u00ebrcaktimi i detajuar i pikave t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb tyre, si dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb kontekstin e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb trafikut p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e mbledhjes. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se suksesi i zgjidhjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtij problemi varet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga m\u00ebnyra se si \u00ebsht\u00eb organizuar rrjeti transportues IP. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, e para q\u00eb sjell implementimi i SMT \u00ebsht\u00eb ai auditimi i planifikuar nj\u00ebher\u00eb, por q\u00eb nuk u realizua ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, i rrjetit. Sigurisht, nj\u00eb lexues i kujdessh\u00ebm do t\u00eb pyeste menj\u00ebher\u00eb - \u00e7far\u00eb lidhje ka SMT me k\u00ebt\u00eb? Nuk ka ndonj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb k\u00ebtu dhe nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb, por ... Psikologjia e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata q\u00eb lidhen me bot\u00ebn e IT, zakonisht tendon t\u2019i lidh\u00eb k\u00ebto lloj aktivitetesh me ndonj\u00eb ngjarje. Avantazhi tjet\u00ebr del nga i pari dhe q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin se p\u00ebrpara se SMT t\u00eb vendoset dhe t\u00eb konfigurohen Agjent\u00ebt e Kapjes, t\u00eb aktivizohet d\u00ebrgimi i mesazheve RTCP, mund t\u00eb zbulohen disa probleme q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme. P\u00ebr shembull, diku \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb 'qaf\u00eb gote' dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb edhe pa statistikat, q\u00eb gjithashtu mund t\u00eb sigurohen nga SMT, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ofruara, p\u00ebr shembull, nga RTCP.<\/p>\n

Tani, le kthehemi procesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb gjurm\u00ebve kaq t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr ne dhe t\u00eb qeshim, duke kujtuar fjal\u00ebt e heroin\u00ebs q\u00eb jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb epigraf. Nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, q\u00eb nuk u p\u00ebrmend, \u00ebsht\u00eb se, si rregull, manipulimet e renditura mund t\u00eb kryhen nga nj\u00eb personel me kualifikim t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Inxhinier\u00ebt e Kernit. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e pyetjeve q\u00eb zgjidhen p\u00ebrmes gjurm\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen edhe detyra t\u00eb ashtuquajtura rutin\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrcaktimi i arsyes pse nj\u00eb terminal nuk regjistrohet nga instaluesi ose klienti. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se mund\u00ebsia ekskluzive p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb dump-e nga specialist\u00ebt e sh\u00ebnuar i detyron ata t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb k\u00ebto detyra prodhuese. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb produktive p\u00ebr shkak se i merr koh\u00ebn zgjidhjes s\u00eb pyetjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e kompanive ku d\u00ebshirohet p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb produkti si SMT, ekziston nj\u00eb n\u00ebnndarje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb list\u00ebn e detyrave t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshihet kryerja e operacioneve rutin\u00eb, me q\u00ebllim leht\u00ebsimin e specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u2013 sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs, helpdesk ose mb\u00ebshtetje teknike. Po ashtu, nuk do t\u00eb jem befasues p\u00ebr lexuesit, n\u00ebse theksoj se qasja e inxhinier\u00ebve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike, p\u00ebr arsye sigurie dhe stabiliteti t\u00eb rrjetit, n\u00eb pikat m\u00eb kritike \u00ebsht\u00eb e pad\u00ebshirueshme (megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb kjo t\u00eb mos ndalohet), p\u00ebr shkak se k\u00ebto elemente rrjetore p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb k\u00ebndin m\u00eb t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm n\u00eb lidhje me dump-et. SMT, duke qen\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi qendror i mbledhjes s\u00eb trafikut dhe ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe intuitiv\u00eb dhe transparente, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb problemesh t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara. Kushti i vet\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb organizimi i qasjes n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe nga vendet e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike dhe, ndoshta, shkruajtja e nj\u00eb artikulli n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e njohurive n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrdorimin e saj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, le t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb produktet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura dhe interesante, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr realizojn\u00eb funksionin e shqyrtuar m\u00eb lart, mes t\u00eb cilave: Voipmonitor<\/a><\/noindex>, HOMER SIP Capture<\/a><\/noindex>, Oracle Communications Monitor<\/a><\/noindex>, SPIDER<\/a><\/noindex>. Megjith\u00ebse ekziston nj\u00eb qasje e p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr organizimin dhe implementimin, secili ka nuanca t\u00eb veta, p\u00ebrfitimet dhe disavantazhet subjektive dhe t\u00eb gjitha meritojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shqyrtim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb subjekt i materialeve t\u00eb ardhshme. Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen tuaj!<\/p>\n

UPD (23.05.2019): n\u00eb list\u00ebn p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb, duhen shtuar edhe nj\u00eb produkt tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin autori u informua relativisht koh\u00ebt e fundit. SIP3<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i ri e n\u00eb zhvillim nga bota e sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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