{"id":34382,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","title":{"rendered":"Sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut n\u00eb rrjetet VoIP. Pjesa e par\u00eb \u2014 pasqyr\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb material do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb element t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs IT, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut VoIP.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZhvillimi i rrjeteve moderne t\u00eb telekomunikacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb impresionues: nga zjarret sinjalizuese ata kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb hap t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrpara, dhe ajo q\u00eb dikur dukhej e pamundur tani \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e zakonshme. Vet\u00ebm profesionist\u00ebt e din\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb fshihet pas zakonshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb arritjeve t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb teknologjive informative. Larmia e mjeteve t\u00eb transmetimit, m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb bashkimit, protokolleve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe algoritmeve t\u00eb kodimit i t\u00ebrheq mendjen e zakonshme dhe mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb traumatizim i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do person t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb funksionimin e tyre t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm dhe stabil: kalimi i sinjaleve tonale ose trafikut t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr regjistrimin n\u00eb softswitch, testimi i pajisjeve t\u00eb reja, p\u00ebrgatitja e nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb ofruesit.<\/p>\n

Koncepci e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb e protokollit \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb themeli i \u00e7do rrjeti komunikimi, nga i cili varet arhitektura, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja dhe kompleksiteti i pajisjeve q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb, lista e sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb ofron dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb, por gjithashtu shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, se p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb protokolli sinjalizimi m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e rrjetit, e cila sjell nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme rrjetore. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, rritja e nevojshme dhe e justifikuar e numrit t\u00eb elementeve rrjetore t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj rregullate sjell nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsish lidhur me mb\u00ebshtetje e rrjetit dhe funksionimin e tij. Shum\u00eb specialist\u00eb jan\u00eb ndeshur me situat\u00ebn kur dump-i i marr\u00eb nuk lejon lokalizimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb problemit, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me shfaqjen e tij. <\/p>\n

Kjo situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht karakteristike p\u00ebr rrjetet VoIP, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr pajisjesh m\u00eb t\u00eb madh se nj\u00eb PBX dhe disa Telefona IP. P\u00ebr shembull, kur n\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebrdoren disa kontrolle t\u00eb kufizimit t\u00eb seancave, komutator\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl ose softswitch nj\u00eb, por funksioni i p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga t\u00eb tjerat dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. At\u00ebher\u00eb inxhinieri \u00ebsht\u00eb i detyruar t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, duke u udh\u00ebhequr nga p\u00ebrvoja e tij empirike ose nga fati. <\/p>\n

Ky qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e lodhshme dhe jo produktive, pasi detyron q\u00eb \u00e7do her\u00eb t\u00eb humbas\u00ebsh koh\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrballjen me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat pyetje: \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur paketa, si t\u00eb merret rezultati dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, si\u00e7 dihet, njeriu i p\u00ebrshtatet gjith\u00e7kaje. K\u00ebt\u00eb gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatemi, \u2018t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb dor\u00ebn\u2019 dhe t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitim durimin. Megjithat\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr ekziston dhe nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb nuk duhet n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar \u2013 korrelacioni i trazirave t\u00eb marra nga pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje, si dhe shum\u00eb probleme t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjeteve komunikimi, jan\u00eb objekti i veprimit t\u00eb shum\u00eb specialist\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim ndihm\u00ebn p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e tyre, p\u00ebrmes sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut.<\/p>\n

Rreth sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb rrjeteve komunikimi<\/h3>\n

\nDhe s\u00eb bashku - b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt: ti n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn t\u00ebnde, e un\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn time.
\nY. Detochkin
\n<\/i>
\nRrjetet moderne t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb mediave nd\u00ebrtohen dhe projektohen p\u00ebrmes realizimit t\u00eb koncepteve t\u00eb ndryshme, themeli i t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh protokollesh telekomunikimi: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP etj. Sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut (SMT) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb kap\u00eb mesazhet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr (dhe jo vet\u00ebm) protokolleve, dhe ka nj\u00eb set interfaces t\u00eb k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm, intuitiv\u00eb dhe informues p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e tij. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i SMT \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme q\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e sinjalit dhe dump-et p\u00ebr \u00e7do periudh\u00eb kohe t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb qasshme p\u00ebr specialist\u00ebt n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale) pa p\u00ebrdorimin e programeve t\u00eb specializuara (p.sh. Wireshark). Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7do specialist i kualifikuar i kushton v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb madhe pyetjeve lidhur, p\u00ebr shembull, me sigurin\u00eb e infrastruktur\u00ebs IT. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb aspekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, q\u00eb lidhet ngusht\u00ebsisht me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtij specialisti p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"mbajtur duar n\u00eb puls\", e cila mund t\u00eb arrihet dhe p\u00ebrmes njoftimeve t\u00eb nj\u00eb incidenti t\u00eb caktuar. Duke folur p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e njoftimit, ne jemi duke folur p\u00ebr monitorimin e rrjetit t\u00eb komunikimit. Duke u kthyer n\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimin e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, SMT lejon monitorimin e mesazheve, p\u00ebrgjigjeve dhe aktiviteteve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb sjellje anormale n\u00eb rrjet (p.sh., p\u00ebrgjigjet 403 ose 408 t\u00eb grupit 4xx n\u00eb SIP apo nj\u00eb rritje e papritur e numrit t\u00eb seancave n\u00eb nj\u00eb trunk), duke u p\u00ebrfituar grafik\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse q\u00eb ilustron qart\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafik\u00ebve VoIP fillimisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo klasike Fault Monitoring System, e cila ndihmon n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen e hartave t\u00eb rrjeteve, monitorimin e aksesit t\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb tyre, shfryt\u00ebzimin e resurseve, periferik\u00eb e shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr (p.sh., si Zabbix).<\/p>\n

Pasi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafik\u00ebve dhe detyrat q\u00eb ai zgjidh, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb pyetjen se si mund ta aplikojm\u00eb at\u00eb me dobi p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se SMT p\u00ebrvet\u00ebson Call Flow \"me nj\u00eb magji t\u00eb till\u00eb\". P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb mbledhim trafik\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb \u2013 Capture Server. Pra, p\u00ebrkufizimi i shkruar p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit, e cila shprehet n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar centralizimin e vendit t\u00eb mbledhjes t\u00eb trafik\u00ebve sinjalizues dhe lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb pyetjen e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme: \u00e7far\u00eb ofron p\u00ebrdorimi i kompleksit n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet ekzistues ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet q\u00eb po implementohet.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, zakonisht ndodh q\u00eb inxhinieri t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet menj\u00ebher\u00eb se n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb vendi t\u00eb sakt\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pika e centralizimit t\u00eb trafik\u00ebs. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, specialist\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb seri hulumtimesh q\u00eb lidhen me analiz\u00ebn e VoIP-s\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, sakt\u00ebsimi i p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb pajisjeve, p\u00ebrcaktimi i detajuar i pikave t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb saj, si dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar trafikun p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e mbledhjes. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se suksesin e zgjidhjes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje e ndihmon m\u00ebnyra e organizimit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb IP-s\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, e para q\u00eb ofron vendosja e SMT-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo rishikim q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar, por q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar. Sigurisht, lexuesi i kujdessh\u00ebm do t\u00eb pyes\u00eb \u2013 \u00e7far\u00eb lidhje ka kjo me SMT-n\u00eb? Nuk ka lidhje direkte, por ... Psikologjia e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata t\u00eb lidhur me bot\u00ebn e IT-s\u00eb, zakonisht tendenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur lloj t\u00eb till\u00eb aktivitetesh me ndonj\u00eb ngjarje. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim tjet\u00ebr rrjedh nga e para dhe p\u00ebrfshin faktin se edhe para se SMT t\u00eb zbatohet, t\u00eb instalohet dhe konfigurohen Agent\u00ebt e Kapjes, t\u00eb aktivizohet d\u00ebrgimi i mesazheve RTCP, shum\u00eb mund t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb problem q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme. P\u00ebr shembull, diku mund t\u00eb krijohet \"bottle neck\" dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm e qart\u00eb bile pa statistika q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ofrohen nga SMT, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb ofrohen, p\u00ebr shembull, nga RTCP.<\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb procesin e p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur ato ndjekje kaq t\u00eb nevojshme dhe t\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshim, duke kujtuar fjal\u00ebt e personazhit, q\u00eb u citua n\u00eb epigrafin e k\u00ebtij kapitulli. Nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb nuk u p\u00ebrmend \u00ebsht\u00eb se, si rregull, manipulimet e renditura mund t\u00eb kryhen nga nj\u00eb staf i kualifikuar, p\u00ebr shembull, Inxhinier\u00ebt Kryesor\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhen me ndihm\u00ebn e ndjekjeve mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe detyra t\u00eb quajtura rutinore. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrcaktimi i arsyeve pse nj\u00eb terminal nuk regjistrohet te instaluesi ose klienti. K\u00ebshtu, b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se ekzistenca e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb ekskluzive p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb dumps nga specialist\u00ebt e ve\u00e7uar i vendos ata p\u00ebrpara nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebto detyra operative. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb produktive pasi q\u00eb e merr koh\u00ebn nga zgjidhja e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e kompanive q\u00eb preferojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb produkti si SMT, ekziston nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi speciale, e cila ka si detyr\u00eb t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb operacione rutinore, me q\u00ebllim leht\u00ebsimin e specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u2013 service desk, helpdesk ose mb\u00ebshtetje teknike. Gjithashtu, nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb zbules\u00eb p\u00ebr lexuesin n\u00ebse theksoj se aksesin e inxhinier\u00ebve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe stabilitetit t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nyjat m\u00eb kritike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebshiruesh\u00ebm (edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb ai t\u00eb mos ndalohet), dhe pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebto elemente rrjetore p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb pamjen m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme n\u00eb terma t\u00eb dump-eve. SMT, duke qen\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qendrore e mbledhjes s\u00eb trafik, dhe ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe intuitive dhe transparente, ka potencialin t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb disa nga k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura. Kushti i vet\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb organizimi i aksesit n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe nga punokoh\u00ebt e specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes teknike dhe, ndoshta, shkruajtja e nj\u00eb artikulli p\u00ebr baz\u00ebn e njohurive rreth p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, do t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb produktet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura dhe interesante q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose tjet\u00ebr realizojn\u00eb funksionalitetin e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, mes t\u00eb cilave: Voipmonitor<\/a><\/noindex>, HOMER SIP Capture<\/a><\/noindex>, Oracle Communications Monitor<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0421\u041f\u0410\u0419\u0414\u0415\u0420<\/a><\/noindex>. Megjith\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt ndaj organizimit dhe implementimit, \u00e7do produkt ka nuancat e tij, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb aspektet subjektive pozitive dhe negative dhe t\u00eb gjitha meritojn\u00eb shqyrtim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb tema e materialeve t\u00eb ardhshme. Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen tuaj!<\/p>\n

UPD (23.05.2019): p\u00ebr list\u00ebn e dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, duhet t\u00eb shtohet nj\u00eb produkt tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin autori u njoh s\u00eb fundmi. SIP3<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i ri dhe n\u00eb zhvillim nga bota e sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP.
\n
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