{"id":34383,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut n\u00eb rrjetet VoIP. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb \u2014 parimet e organizimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, koleg\u00eb!<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb materialin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm u njoh\u00ebm me nj\u00eb element shum\u00eb t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm dhe, si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb v\u00ebreni, mjaft t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs VoIP, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut ose, p\u00ebr shkurtim, SMT. M\u00ebsojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb, cilat detyra zgjidh, si dhe e theksuam p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur t\u00eb paraqitur nga zhvilluesit n\u00eb bot\u00ebn IT. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb parimet sipas t\u00eb cilave implementohet SMT n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn IT dhe monitorimi i trafikut VoIP me mjetet e saj.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Arkitektura e sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut VoIP<\/h3>\n

Nd\u00ebrtuam, nd\u00ebrtuam dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht nd\u00ebrtuam. Hurra!
\nNga filmi animuar \u201c\u00c7eburashka dhe krokodili Gena.\u201d
\n<\/i>
\nSi\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb par\u00eb, industria e komunikimeve dhe telekomunikacioneve ofron nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme produktesh q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin kategoris\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse e l\u00ebm\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb emrin, zhvilluesin, platform\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb tjera, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm n\u00eb aspektin e arkitektur\u00ebs (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn ata me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt autori ka pasur p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb). Duhet theksuar se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me munges\u00ebn e \u00e7do m\u00ebnyre tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb trafik nga element\u00ebt e rrjetit p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb detajuar. Kjo, sipas mendimit subjektiv, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nga zhvillimi aktual i fushave t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb kuptim m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb analogjin\u00eb n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb kur shkenc\u00ebtari i madh rus Vladimir Aleksandrovi\u00e7 Kotelnikov krijoi teorem\u00ebn e num\u00ebrimit, njer\u00ebzimi fitoi nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer konvertime analoge-dijital dhe dijital-analoge t\u00eb sinjaleve t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, fal\u00eb t\u00eb cilave ne mund ta shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer komunikimi si IP-telefonia. N\u00ebse e shohim zhvillimin e mekanizmave p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e sinjaleve t\u00eb z\u00ebrit (aka algoritmet, kodek\u00ebt, m\u00ebnyrat e kodimit etj.), mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb si PDS (p\u00ebrpunimi dixhital i sinjaleve) b\u00ebri nj\u00eb hap thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb kodimin e mesazheve informative \u2013 realizimi i mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr parashikimin e sinjalit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit. Pra, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb thjesht digitalizimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb kompresimit a- dhe u (G.711A\/G.711U), tani ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb num\u00ebrimeve me rikonstruktimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb mesazhit nga ato, \u00e7ka ndihmon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer brezin. Duke u kthyer te tema e SMT, theksojm\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment nuk ka ndryshime cil\u00ebsore t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb qasjen p\u00ebr kapjen e trafikut, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb forme t\u00eb pasqyrimit.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb kthehemi te figura e m\u00ebposhtme, e cila ilustron se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga specialist\u00ebt e fushave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet
\nFigura 1. Skema e p\u00ebrgjithshme e arkitektur\u00ebs SMT.<\/p>\n

Praktikisht \u00e7do SMT p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy komponent\u00eb kryesor\u00eb: serveri dhe agjent\u00ebt e kapjes s\u00eb trafikut (ose provat). Serveri kryen pranimin, p\u00ebrpunimin dhe ruajtjen e trafikut VoIP q\u00eb vjen nga agjent\u00ebt, si dhe u jep specialist\u00ebve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me informacionin e marr\u00eb n\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb ndryshme (grafika, diagrame, Call Flow, etj). Agjent\u00ebt e kapjes pranojn\u00eb trafikun VoIP nga pajisjet b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit (p.sh., SBC, softswitch, porta, etj.), e konvertojn\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb formatin e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb softuerin e serverit t\u00eb sistemit dhe ia d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb atij p\u00ebr manipulime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n

As composers create variations on the main melodies in music, so in this case, there are various ways to implement the provided scheme. The diversity is quite large and is primarily determined by the characteristics of the infrastructure in which the SMT is deployed. The most common variant is the one where no capture agents are installed or configured. In this case, the analyzed traffic is directed straight to server<\/a> or, for example, the server retrieves the necessary information from pcap files generated by monitoring objects. This delivery method is usually chosen when there is no possibility to install probes. The location of the equipment, lack of virtualization resources, flaws in the organization of the transport IP network, and consequently issues with network connectivity, etc., can all be reasons for choosing this monitoring organization variant.<\/p>\n

Pasi q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb dhe shqyrtojm\u00eb si mund t\u00eb implementohet nj\u00eb SMT n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn IT nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim arkitektonik, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb aspektet q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin m\u00eb shum\u00eb kompetenc\u00ebs s\u00eb administrator\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemeve, sidomos metodat e shkarkimit t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb sistemeve n\u00eb server\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhjeje p\u00ebr implementimin e komponentit t\u00eb diskutuar t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb monitorimit, ekzekutuesit gjithmon\u00eb hasin shum\u00eb pyetje. P\u00ebr shembull, \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb hardueri i serverit, a mjafton t\u00eb instalohen t\u00eb gjitha komponent\u00ebt e sistemit n\u00eb nj\u00eb host apo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb ndahen midis tyre, si duhet t\u00eb realizohet instalimi i softuerit, etj. Pyetjet e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme, si dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb lidhura, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e tyre v\u00ebrtet varen nga kushte konkrete t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit (ose projektimit). Megjithat\u00eb, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhim konkret\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje dhe kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ane t\u00eb deploji t\u00eb SMT.<\/p>\n

Pra t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb, gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb intereson specialist\u00ebt gjat\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb SMT \u00ebsht\u00eb se me cilat TTH do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret serveri? Duke marr\u00eb parasysh p\u00ebrhapjen e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb lir\u00eb, ky pyetje \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kaq shpesh, saq\u00eb popullariteti i saj ndoshta mund t\u00eb krahasohet me pyetjen \"\u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb?\", t\u00eb formuluar nga Nikolai Gavrilovi\u00e7 \u00c7ernyshevski... Faktori kryesor q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje \u00ebsht\u00eb numri i seancave multimediale q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen ose do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen nga platforma e telefonis\u00eb. Karakteristika numerike dhe e prekshme q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fakti \u00ebsht\u00eb parametri CAPS (Call Attempts Per Second) ose numri i thirrjeve p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb. Nevoja p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje lidhet kryesisht me at\u00eb se informacioni mbi seancat, i orientuar n\u00eb sistem, do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb n\u00eb serverin e tij.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb lind gjat\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb vendimeve rreth karakteristikave t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve harduerik\u00eb t\u00eb serverit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtja e softuerit (mjediset operative, bazat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, etj.) q\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb mbi t\u00eb. Trafiku sinjalizues (ose mediatik) arrin n\u00eb server, ku p\u00ebrpunimi i tij (analiza e mesazheve sinjalizuese) b\u00ebhet nga ndonj\u00eb aplikacion (p.sh., Kamailio), dhe pastaj informacioni i formuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar vendoset n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. P\u00ebr aplikacione t\u00eb ndryshme SMT, si aplikacione q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb defragmentimin e nj\u00ebsive sinjalizuese, ashtu edhe aplikacione q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb ruajtjen, mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha ato bashkohen nga nj\u00eb natyr\u00eb shum\u00ebfishe. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb nj\u00eb elementi t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs si SMT, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se numri i operacioneve t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb disk tejkalon ndjesh\u00ebm numrin e operacioneve t\u00eb leximit prej tij.<\/p>\n

Dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht\u2026 \u00abSa shum\u00eb ka n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fjal\u00eb\u00bb: server, virtualizim, kontejnerizim\u2026 Aspekti i fundit, por shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i trajtuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e mundshme t\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb SMT gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb saj. Teknologjit\u00eb e listuara pran\u00eb citatit nga vepra t\u00eb paharrueshme t\u00eb A.S. Pushkin jan\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme n\u00eb infrastrukturat dhe projektet e ndryshme. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb ngusht\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa nga ana tjet\u00ebr, dallohen thelb\u00ebsisht sipas shum\u00eb kriter\u00ebve. Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto, n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb ose nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme nga zhvilluesit si mund\u00ebsi n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr instalimin e produkteve t\u00eb tyre. Duke p\u00ebrmbledhur p\u00ebr sistemet e p\u00ebrmendura n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit, do t\u00eb ve\u00e7onim m\u00ebnyrat e m\u00ebposhtme t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb server fizik ose n\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale:
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i skenar\u00ebve t\u00eb automatizuar p\u00ebr instalimin ose instalimi dhe konfigurimi i m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm i software-it p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs,
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb OS me software t\u00eb parainstaluar t\u00eb SMT dhe\/ose agjentit,
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb kontejnerizimit (Docker).<\/p>\n

Mjetet e p\u00ebrmendura p\u00ebr instalim kan\u00eb avantazhe dhe disavantazhe t\u00eb veta, dhe specialist\u00ebt kan\u00eb preferenca, kufij dhe kushte specifike n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ndodhet infrastruktura q\u00eb ata p\u00ebrdorin ose implementojn\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb rekomandim. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrshkrimi i dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e shkarkimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i qart\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb shqyrtim m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr artikull q\u00eb i dedikohet nj\u00eb elementi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe interesant t\u00eb rrjetit VoIP \u2013 sistemit t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP. Si gjithmon\u00eb, e falenderoj publikun p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen e shprehur ndaj k\u00ebtij materiali! N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb thellojm\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb detaje dhe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb produktet HOMER SIP Capture dhe SIP3.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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