{"id":34383,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-vtoraya-printsipy-organizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Sistemet e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut n\u00eb rrjetet VoIP. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb \u2014 parimet e organizimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, koleg\u00eb!<\/p>\n

N\u00eb n\u00eb postimin e<\/a><\/noindex> N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb material, u njoh\u00ebm me nj\u00eb element shum\u00eb t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm dhe, si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb v\u00ebreni, mjaft t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs VoIP, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi i monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut ose, p\u00ebr shkurtim, SMT. M\u00ebsuam se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb detyrash zgjidh, si dhe theksuam p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, t\u00eb paraqitur nga zhvilluesit n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e IT. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb parimet sipas t\u00eb cilave realizohet implementimi i SMT n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn IT dhe monitorimi i trafikut VoIP me mjetet e saj.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Arkitektura e sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut VoIP<\/h3>\n

Ne nd\u00ebrtuam, nd\u00ebrtuam dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht e nd\u00ebrtuam. Hurra!
\nNga filmi animuar '\u00c7eburashka dhe krokodili Gena'.
\n<\/i>
\nSi\u00e7 u theksua m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e lidhjeve dhe telekomunikacioneve jan\u00eb prezantuar mjaft produkte q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin kategoris\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse i shp\u00ebrndajm\u00eb nga emri, zhvilluesi, platforma dhe t\u00eb tjera, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebm\u00eb re se t\u00eb gjitha ato jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta n\u00eb aspektin e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn ato me t\u00eb cilat autori ka pasur p\u00ebrballje). \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur pik\u00ebrisht me munges\u00ebn e ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur trafikun nga element\u00ebt e rrjetit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, e fundit, sipas mendimit t\u00eb subjektiv, p\u00ebrcaktohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga zhvillimi aktual i fushave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb industri\u00ebs. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb kuptim m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb analogjin\u00eb e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n

Nga momenti kur shkenc\u00ebtari i madh rus Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov krijoi teorem\u00ebn e referenc\u00ebs, njer\u00ebzimi mori mund\u00ebsin\u00eb grandioze p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer konvertime analoge-digjitale dhe digjitale-analoge t\u00eb sinjaleve t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ne mund ta shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb form\u00eb kaq t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer komunikimi si IP-telefonia. N\u00ebse i hedhim nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim zhvillimit t\u00eb mekanizmave p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e sinjaleve t\u00eb z\u00ebrit (p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht algoritmet, kodek\u00ebt, metodat e kodimit, etj.), mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb se DSP (p\u00ebrpunimi digjital i sinjaleve) b\u00ebri nj\u00eb hap thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb kodimin e mesazheve informative \u2013 realizimi i mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr parashikimin e sinjalit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit. Do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb thjesht digitalizimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb kompresionit a- dhe u (G.711A\/G.711U), tani kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e transmetimit vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb mostrave me rikuperimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb mesazhit nga to, gj\u00eb q\u00eb kursen ndjesh\u00ebm gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e bandes. Duke u rikthyer n\u00eb tem\u00ebn e SMT, duhet t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb se aktualisht nuk ka ndryshimeve cil\u00ebsore t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb qasjen e kapjes s\u00eb trafik\u00ebve, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 lloj-ve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pasqyrimit.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb figur\u00ebn e paraqitur m\u00eb pas q\u00eb ilustron at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga specialist\u00ebt e fushave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Sistemet
\nFigura 1. Skema e p\u00ebrgjithshme e arkitektur\u00ebs SMT.<\/p>\n

Praktikisht \u00e7do SMT p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy komponent\u00eb kryesor\u00eb: serveri dhe agjent\u00ebt e kapjes s\u00eb trafik\u00ebve (ose provuesit). Serveri mer ret\u00eb, p\u00ebrpunon dhe ruan trafik VoIP-i q\u00eb vjen nga agjent\u00ebt dhe gjithashtu u ofron specialist\u00ebve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me informacionin e marr\u00eb n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme (grafika, diagrame, Call Flow, etj). Agjent\u00ebt e kapjes marrin trafik VoIP nga pajisjet e kernelit t\u00eb rrjetit (p\u00ebr shembull, SBC, softswitch, porta, etj.), e transformojn\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb formatin q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb softuerin e zbatuar t\u00eb serverit t\u00eb sistemit dhe ia transmetojn\u00eb atij p\u00ebr manipulime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n

As composers create variations on main melodies in music, various implementation options for the provided scheme are also possible in this case. Their diversity is quite large and is primarily determined by the characteristics of the infrastructure in which the SMT is deployed. The most common option is one where capture agents are neither installed nor configured. In this case, the analyzed traffic is directed straight to serverit<\/a> or, for example, the server obtains the necessary information from pcap files formed by monitoring objects. This delivery method is usually chosen when there is no possibility of installing probes. The location of the equipment, lack of virtualization resources, flaws in the organization of the transport IP network, and, consequently, issues with network connectivity, etc., can all be reasons for choosing the noted monitoring organization option.<\/p>\n

Having learned and understood how a particular SMT can be implemented in the IT infrastructure from an architectural perspective, we will now consider aspects that fall more within the competence of system administrators, namely, the methods of deploying system software on servers.<\/p>\n

During the preparation of a solution for the implementation of the monitoring network component in question, executors often have many questions. For example, what should be the composition of the server hardware, is it sufficient to install all system components on one host, or should they be separated, how to carry out software installation, etc. The aforementioned enumerated questions, as well as many other related ones, are very extensive, and the answers to many of them indeed depend on specific operating (or design) conditions. However, we will try to generalize the specifics to gain an overall understanding of this aspect of SMT deployment.<\/p>\n

Pra, e para, q\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb intereson specialist\u00ebt gjat\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb SMT \u2013 me cilat TTH p\u00ebrdoret serveri? Duke pasur parasysh p\u00ebrhapjen e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb lir\u00eb, ky pyetje b\u00ebhet aq shpesh sa q\u00eb p\u00ebr popullaritetin e saj, mund t\u00eb krahasohet ndoshta me pyetjen \"\u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj?\" q\u00eb iu b\u00eb nga Nikolai Gavrilovi\u00e7 Cernyshevski... Faktor kryesor q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje \u00ebsht\u00eb numri i sesioneve mediale q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen ose do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen nga platforma e telefonis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb numerike dhe konkrete, q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb faktorit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur, \u00ebsht\u00eb parametri CAPS (Call Attempts Per Second) ose numri i thirrjeve n\u00eb sekond\u00eb. Nevoja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje p\u00ebrfundimisht lidhet me faktin se informacioni mbi sesionet q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb sistem do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn n\u00eb serverin e tij.<\/p>\n

Pyetja tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb lind gjat\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb vendimeve p\u00ebr karakteristikat e komponent\u00ebve hardware t\u00eb serverit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e softuerit (mjediset operative, bazat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, etj.) q\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb mbi t\u00eb. Trafiku sinjalor (apo dhe mediatik) arrin n\u00eb server, ku p\u00ebrpunohen (analizohen mesazhet sinjalore) nga ndonj\u00eb aplikacion (p.sh., Kamailio), dhe m\u00eb pas informacioni i formuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar vendoset n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. P\u00ebr SMT t\u00eb ndryshme, si aplikacione q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb defragmentimin e nj\u00ebsive sinjalore, ashtu edhe aplikacione q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb ruajtjen, mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuara nga natyra e tyre shum\u00ebfrymore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb nj\u00eb elementi t\u00eb till\u00eb infrastruktural si SMT, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se numri i operacioneve t\u00eb shkrimit n\u00eb disk tejkalon ndjesh\u00ebm numrin e operacioneve t\u00eb leximit prej tij.<\/p>\n

Dhe n\u00eb fund... \u00abSa shum\u00eb ka n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fjal\u00eb\u00bb: server, virtualizim, en\u00eb... Aspekti i fundit, por shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit, \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr instalimin e komponent\u00ebve SMT gjat\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb saj. Teknologjit\u00eb e renditura p\u00ebrkrah citatit nga vepra e pavdekshme e A.S. Pushkinit, jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb infrastrukturat dhe projektet e ndryshme. N\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ndryshojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm sipas shum\u00eb kritereve. Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha ato, n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb ose tjet\u00ebr, paraqiten nga zhvilluesit si opsione t\u00eb aksesueshme p\u00ebr instalimin e produkteve t\u00eb tyre. Duke p\u00ebrmbledhur p\u00ebr sistemet e p\u00ebrmendura n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit, do t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e m\u00ebposhtme t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb server fizik ose nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale:
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i skenar\u00ebve t\u00eb automatizuar t\u00eb instalimit ose instalimi manual dhe konfigurimi i m\u00ebpassh\u00ebm i softuerit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs,
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb OS me softuerin SMT dhe\u2044ose agjentin e instaluar paraprakisht,
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb en\u00ebve (Docker).<\/p>\n

Mjetet e renditura p\u00ebr instalim kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi dhe disavantazhe t\u00eb veta, dhe specialist\u00ebt kan\u00eb preferenca, kufizime dhe kushte specifike brenda t\u00eb cilave ndodhet infrastruktura e p\u00ebrdorur ose e implementuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb rekomandim. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrshkrimi i dh\u00ebn\u00eb i rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb implementimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft transparenc\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb shqyrtim m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, kemi pasur nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr, i dedikuar nj\u00eb elementi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe interesante n\u00eb rrjetin VoIP \u2013 sistemin e monitorimit t\u00eb trafikut SIP. Si gjithmon\u00eb, falenderoj lexuesit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen e treguar ndaj k\u00ebtij materiali! N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e ardhshme, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb thellohemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb detaje dhe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb produktet HOMER SIP Capture dhe SIP3.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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