{"id":34632,"date":"2019-10-31T21:59:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ton-telegram-open-network-chast-1-vstuplenie-setevoj-uroven-adnl-dht-overlejnye-seti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:59:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:31","slug":"ton-telegram-open-network-chast-1-vstuplenie-setevoj-uroven-adnl-dht-overlejnye-seti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ton-telegram-open-network-chast-1-vstuplenie-setevoj-uroven-adnl-dht-overlejnye-seti","title":{"rendered":"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/65710678b9e432476cf1b6e24348a7ac.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jav\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, Rrjeti rus po fliste p\u00ebr Telegramin dhe situat\u00ebn me bllokimin e tij t\u00eb kot\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm nga Roskomnadzor. Prek\u00ebsisht shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, por t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb tema p\u00ebr postime n\u00eb Geektimes. Ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb habit ishte se ende nuk kisha par\u00eb asnj\u00eb analiz\u00eb n\u00eb Habr\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin TON t\u00eb Telegramit \u2014 Rrjeti i Hapur i Telegramit. M\u00eb d\u00ebshirohej ta plot\u00ebsoja k\u00ebt\u00eb mang\u00ebsi, sepse ka shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar atje \u2014 madje edhe pa deklarata zyrtare p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb kujtohet \u2014 jan\u00eb duke qarkulluar thashetheme q\u00eb Telegrami ka nisur nj\u00eb ICO shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllur, tashm\u00eb duke mbledhur shuma t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Supozohet se k\u00ebt\u00eb vit do t\u00eb nis\u00eb monedha njohur Gram \u2014 dhe \u00e7do p\u00ebrdorues i Telegramit automatikisht do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb portofol, q\u00eb vet\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb krahasim me monedhat e tjera kriptografike.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, pasi nuk ka deklarata zyrtare, un\u00eb mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrij vet\u00ebm n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/denull.ru\/telegram\/ton-tech.pdf\">nj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb panjohur origjine<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ju paralajm\u00ebroj menj\u00ebher\u00eb. Sigurisht, ai mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb falsifikim shum\u00eb t\u00eb sofistikuar, por nuk p\u00ebrjashtohet as q\u00eb ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb whitepaper real i sistemit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, shkruar nga Nikolai Durov (dhe ndoshta p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ka rrjedhur ndonj\u00eb investitor). Por, madje edhe n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb falsifikim, askush nuk mund t\u00eb na ndaloj\u00eb t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, apo jo?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7far\u00eb thot\u00eb ky dokument? Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem ta p\u00ebrcjell me fjal\u00ebt e mia, af\u00ebr tekstin, por n\u00eb shqip dhe pak m\u00eb njer\u00ebzisht (Le t\u00eb ma fal\u00eb Nikolai p\u00ebr prirjen e tij p\u00ebr t'u angazhuar n\u00eb matematik\u00ebn formale). Kini parasysh se edhe n\u00eb rastin e v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim provisional i sistemit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb ai t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb momentin e nisjes publike.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00ebsojm\u00eb se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kriptomonedh\u00ebs parashikohet gjithashtu shum\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blockchain TON<\/strong>. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb themeli i gjith\u00eb sistemit. N\u00ebse nuk e dini aspak se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD\">blockchain<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 rekomandoj t\u00eb informoheni, sepse k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb ket\u00eb shum\u00eb blockchain. T\u00eb vendosura nj\u00ebra brenda tjetres, t\u00eb cop\u00ebtuara virtualisht dhe madje \"vertikalisht\" t\u00eb blockchain brenda blloqeve t\u00eb blockchain t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Dhe kaq shum\u00eb termine interesante si <em>Rrjetizimi Instant Hypercube<\/em> dhe <em>Paradigma Infinite Sharding<\/em>, por p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb. Dhe, natyrisht, proof-of-stake dhe kontratat inteligjente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>RRJETI P2P T\u00cb TON<\/strong>Rrjeti Peer-to-Peer mbi t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb ngrihet funksionimi i sistemit. Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb tema kryesore n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb narrativ\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TON Storage<\/strong>Shtesa e skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet pavar\u00ebsisht blok\u00e7eit mbi rrjetin peer-to-peer t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart. Mund t\u00eb krahasohet me torrent\u00ebt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TON Proxy<\/strong>Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb synon t\u00eb rris\u00eb anonimitetin e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve t\u00eb rrjetit. \u00c7do paket\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet jo drejtp\u00ebrdrejt, por p\u00ebrmes tunelesh nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues me enkriptim t\u00eb shtuar \u2013 si I2P ose TOR. <\/li>\n<li><strong>TON DHT<\/strong>Nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb hash p\u00ebr ruajtjen e vlerave t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme. Ajo gjithashtu ndihmon <em>TON Network<\/em> dhe p\u00ebrdoret prej saj) dhe ndihmon <strong>TON Storage<\/strong> t\u00eb gjeni nyjet \"distributive\", si edhe <strong>TON Proxy<\/strong> \u2013 ritranslators nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se, ndryshe nga blok\u00e7ei, kjo tabel\u00eb hash nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb depo e sigurt \u2013 nuk duhet t\u00eb ruani informacion t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TON Services<\/strong>Nj\u00eb platform\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb thelb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb internet i ri mbi gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm. Shk\u00ebmbimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2013 p\u00ebrmes <strong>TON Network<\/strong>\/<strong>TON Proxy<\/strong>, dhe logjika \u2013 n\u00eb kontratat smart t\u00eb vet\u00eb <strong>Blockchain TON<\/strong>. Dhe nd\u00ebrfaqja me URL-t\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb njohura.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TON DNS<\/strong>Duke folur p\u00ebr URL-t\u00eb e njohura, na nevojitet gjithashtu nj\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrues nga ato n\u00eb adresat 256-bit \u2013 t\u00eb llogarive, kontratave, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe nyjeve.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TON Payments<\/strong>Dhe k\u00ebtu trajtohet \u00e7\u00ebshtja monetar. Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm <strong>gram<\/strong> \u2014 ashtu si me eterin, do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme \u00e7do \"token\"; gram\u00ebt k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb jen\u00eb thjesht monedha \"n\u00eb parazgjedhje\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pjesa e par\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan nivelin \"t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb\" t\u00eb TON \u2013 pjes\u00ebn e tij rrjet\u00ebsore, e cila do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet mbi protokollet tradicionale. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr \"b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn\" \u2013 blok\u00e7ein q\u00eb do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet nga sistemi i p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb posht\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, rendi im i ri-p\u00ebrmbledhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb paksa ndryshe nga ai q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb dokumentin e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart (i cili fillon menj\u00ebher\u00eb me nivelin abstrakt).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bazovye-ponyatiya\">Koncepte Baz\u00eb<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>TL<\/strong> (Type Language). Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb format binar abstrakt p\u00ebr struktura t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Ai p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb protokollin e Telegramit dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret aktivisht n\u00eb TON. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb njiheni mir\u00eb me t\u00eb \u2013 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/core.telegram.org\/mtproto\/TL\">ja p\u00ebrshkrimi i tij<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hash<\/strong> (<em>hash<\/em>). Nj\u00eb funksion q\u00eb kryen nj\u00eb transformim t\u00eb pakthyesh\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb strukture t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vet\u00ebm me gjat\u00ebsi fikse. Brenda dokumentacionit, ka shum\u00eb bised\u00eb rreth funksionit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SHA-2\">SHA-256<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nod Network<\/strong> (<em>ndod<\/em>). Nj\u00eb nod \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb program q\u00eb do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb funksionimin e sistemit. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, supozohet se \u00e7do aplikacion klienti i Telegram-it do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb nod t\u00eb TON-it. N\u00eb nivelin e ul\u00ebt, nodet kan\u00eb adresa IPv4\/IPv6 dhe komunikojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes protokollit UDP, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb - posedojn\u00eb <em>adresa abstrakte<\/em> dhe zbatojn\u00eb protokollin ADNL (p\u00ebr adresat abstrakte dhe ADNL - shih m\u00eb posht\u00eb). Kur flitet p\u00ebr at\u00eb se disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit b\u00ebjn\u00eb di\u00e7ka ose ruajn\u00eb disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna - n\u00ebnkuptohet se kjo b\u00ebhet nga nyjet e rrjetit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Adresa abstrakte<\/strong> (ose thjesht <em>adres\u00eb<\/em>, <em>address<\/em>). Adresa e nyjes p\u00ebrcaktohet nga \u00e7el\u00ebsi i saj publik. M\u00eb sakt\u00eb - \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hash 256-bit\u00ebsh (SHA256) i nj\u00eb strukture t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik (algoritmi specifik kriptografik nuk p\u00ebrcaktohet k\u00ebtu - si shembuj p\u00ebrmenden kurbat elliptike dhe RSA-2048). Q\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveproj\u00eb me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, ajo duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm adres\u00ebn e saj, por edhe k\u00ebt\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Teorikisht nj\u00eb nyje fizike mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb \u00e7do num\u00ebr adresash (p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse me \u00e7el\u00ebsa t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdoret shpesh kjo lidhje: \u201cparaardh\u00ebsi\u201d n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb strukture TL (q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban praktikisht \u00e7do t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb), dhe hash-i 256-bit\u00ebsh nga ajo, e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr adresim.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Blockchain<\/strong> (<em>blockchain<\/em>). Blockchain \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, element\u00ebt (<em>blloqe<\/em>) e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb renditur n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201czinxhir\u201d, dhe \u00e7do bllok i m\u00ebpassh\u00ebm p\u00ebrmban hash-in e bllokut paraardh\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu arrihet integriteti - ndryshime mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen vet\u00ebm duke shtuar blloqe t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sh\u00ebrbimi<\/strong> (<em>sh\u00ebrbim<\/em>). Sh\u00ebrbimet brenda TON mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme llojesh - n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb tyre me blockchain apo jo. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb (ose disa) nga nyjet e rrjetit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb disa k\u00ebrkesa RPC p\u00ebrmes protokollit ADNL si\u00e7 p\u00ebrshkruhet m\u00eb posht\u00eb, pa krijuar asnj\u00eb regjistrim n\u00eb blockchain - si server\u00ebt tradicional\u00eb t\u00eb web-it. Po ashtu, shqyrtohet mund\u00ebsia e implementimit t\u00eb HTTP mbi ADNL, si dhe kalimi i vet\u00eb mesazherit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me TOR ose I2P, kjo do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00eb rezistent ndaj bllokimeve t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, disa sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin me blockchain dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e k\u00ebrkesave jasht\u00eb tij. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr TON Storage \u2014 nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb depozitimi skedar\u00ebsh \u2014 nuk ka shum\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb ruhet vet\u00eb skedari n\u00eb blockchain. At\u00ebhere, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahen vet\u00ebm hash-et e skedar\u00ebve (bashk\u00eb me ndonj\u00eb metainformacion p\u00ebr to), nd\u00ebrsa si \"server\u00eb skedaresh\" do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb nodet e specializuara t\u00eb rrjetit, t\u00eb gatshme p\u00ebr t'i ofruar ato nod\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ADNL.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sh\u00ebrbimi mjegullor<\/strong> (<em>fog service<\/em>). B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr disa sh\u00ebrbime q\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb decentralizimin dhe pjes\u00ebmarrjen e hapur n\u00eb to. P\u00ebr shembull, TON Proxy \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb \u00e7do pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb noden e tij si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs (proxy), duke d\u00ebrguar paketa midis nod\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron, ai mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur prej tij \u2014 duke p\u00ebrdorur sistemin TON Payments p\u00ebr mikrotransaksionet (i cili, p\u00ebr vet\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim mjegullor).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"adnl-abstract-datagram-network-layer\">ADNL: Shtresa Abstrakte e Datagramit t\u00eb Rrjetit<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrveprimi mes nod\u00ebve do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me protokollin UDP (ndon\u00ebse jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranueshme edhe variante t\u00eb tjera).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, q\u00eb nj\u00eb node t\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb tek nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, ai duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb nj\u00eb prej \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb tij publik (dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, adres\u00ebn q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrcakton). Ai e enkripton paket\u00ebn me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs dhe shton n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb paket\u00ebs adres\u00ebn 256-bit t\u00eb marr\u00ebsit \u2014 pasi nj\u00eb node mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb disa nga k\u00ebto adresa, kjo do t'i lejoj\u00eb atij t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb se cilin \u00e7el\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb p\u00ebr dekriptimin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/570ed97bb0745d074e806e84651af567.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb adres\u00ebs s\u00eb marr\u00ebsit n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb paket\u00ebs t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e njohur si identifikuesi <em>i kanalit<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrpunimi i paket\u00ebs varet nga marr\u00ebveshjet specifike midis nod\u00ebve \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e d\u00ebrguara n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal t\u00eb caktuar mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb destinuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nod tjet\u00ebr dhe duhet t'i d\u00ebrgohen atij (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi <em>TON Proxy<\/em>). Nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr specifik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimi direkt midis nod\u00ebve, por me enkriptim sipas nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kanal (t\u00eb formuar paraprakisht sipas protokollit Diffie-Hellman).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kanali \"zero\" \u2014 n\u00ebse nyja ende nuk i njeh \u00e7el\u00ebsat publik\u00eb t\u00eb \"fqinjeve\" t\u00eb saj, ajo mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb paketa atyre pa asnj\u00eb enkriptim. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr inicializim \u2014 sa her\u00eb q\u00eb nyjat d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb informacion mbi \u00e7el\u00ebsat e tyre, ata duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Protokolli i p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr (256 bit identifikues kanali + p\u00ebrmbajtja e paket\u00ebs) quhet ADNL. Dokumentacioni p\u00ebrmend mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e implementimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb ekvivalenti t\u00eb TCP mbi t\u00eb, ose nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebqen\u00eb \u2014 RLDP (Protokolli i Besuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr Datagram\u00ebt e Madh), por nuk futet n\u00eb detaje n\u00eb lidhje me realizimin e tyre.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ton-dht-raspredelyonnaya-hesh-tablica\">TON DHT: Tabella e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb e hash-it<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Si n\u00eb rastin e sistemeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara, TON supozon implementimin e DHT \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%88-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\">tabella e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb e hash-it<\/a><\/noindex>. M\u00eb konkretisht \u2014 tabela \u00ebsht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kademlia\">si Kademlia.<\/a><\/noindex>N\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb njohur me k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj tabele hash-i \u2014 mos u shqet\u00ebsoni, m\u00eb von\u00eb do ta p\u00ebrshkruaj se si funksionojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/790d623466c72c78ee17fa298ac9d81d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kuptimin abstrakt, DHT lidh \u00e7el\u00ebsa 256-bit me vlera binare t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. \u00c7el\u00ebsat n\u00eb tabel\u00eb jan\u00eb hash-e t\u00eb nj\u00eb strukture t\u00eb caktuar TL (strukturat vet\u00eb ruhen gjithashtu me DHT). Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me formimin e adresave t\u00eb nyjave \u2014 dhe ato me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb prezent n\u00eb DHT (p.sh., me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs t\u00eb till\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjendet adresa IP e nyj\u00ebs p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb adres\u00ebs abstrakte t\u00eb caktuar <em>abstrakte<\/em>, n\u00ebse ajo nuk e fsheh at\u00eb). Por n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, \"proobrazet e \u00e7el\u00ebsave\" (t\u00eb tyre <em>p\u00ebrshkrimesh<\/em>, <em>p\u00ebrshkrimet e \u00e7el\u00ebsave<\/em>) jan\u00eb meta t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr \"pronar\u00ebt\" e regjistrimeve n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e hash-it (do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi publik i ndonj\u00eb nyje), tipin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb ruajtur dhe rregullat sipas t\u00eb cilave kjo regjistrim mund t\u00eb ndryshohet m\u00eb von\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb rregull mund t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshohet vlera vet\u00ebm nga pronari \u2014 ose t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl (p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten nga sulmet e rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 \u00e7el\u00ebsave 256-bit, futet koncepti i adresave DHT. Diferenca me adresat normale t\u00eb nyjave \u00ebsht\u00eb se adresa DHT \u00ebsht\u00eb patjet\u00ebr e lidhur me adres\u00ebn IP. N\u00ebse nyja nuk e fsheh IP-n\u00eb e saj, ajo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb normale p\u00ebr DHT. Por m\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebr nevojat e DHT do t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb adres\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, \"gjysm\u00eb-konsistente\".<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/93064abdf9dbfd5276502cd3aa6cf8f8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nN\u00eb lidhje me \u00e7el\u00ebsat dhe adresat DHT, futet koncepti i distanc\u00ebs \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebrputhet me tabelat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kademlia\">Kademlia.<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 distanca midis \u00e7el\u00ebsave \u00ebsht\u00eb XOR (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb bitore ekskluzive) nga ata. Si n\u00eb tabelat Kademlia, vlera q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar duhet t\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb <em>s<\/em> nyjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb distanc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs (<em>s<\/em> k\u00ebtu \u2014 nj\u00eb num\u00ebr relativisht t\u00eb vog\u00ebl).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje DHT t\u00eb mund t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunoj\u00eb me nyje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb tilla, ajo mban n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb <em>tabel\u00ebn e routing DHT<\/em> \u2014 adresat DHT dhe IP t\u00eb nyjeve me t\u00eb cilat ka bashk\u00ebpunuar deri tani, t\u00eb grupuara sipas distanc\u00ebs deri te ato. Ka 256 grupe t\u00eb tilla (ato p\u00ebrputhen me bitin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e distanc\u00ebs \u2014 dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nyjet n\u00eb distanc\u00ebn nga 0 deri n\u00eb 255 do t\u00eb futen n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup, nga 256 deri n\u00eb 65535 \u2014 n\u00eb grupin e ardhsh\u00ebm dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb). Brenda \u00e7do grupi ruhet nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i kufizuar nyjesh 'm\u00eb t\u00eb mira' (n\u00eb aspektin e pingut deri te ato).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9db2fef6986010db046f797f1fe68130.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7do nyje duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb disa operacione: <em>ruajtja e vler\u00ebs p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsin<\/em>, <em>k\u00ebrkimi i nyjeve<\/em> dhe <em>k\u00ebrkimi i vlerave<\/em>. K\u00ebrkimi i nyjeve n\u00ebnkupton shp\u00ebrndarjen e nyjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs t\u00eb caktuar nga tabela e routing; k\u00ebrkimi i vlerave \u2014 e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 situat\u00ebs kur nyja di vler\u00ebn p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsin (at\u00ebher\u00eb ajo thjesht e kthen at\u00eb). Sipas k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb nyje d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb gjej\u00eb n\u00eb DHT vler\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs, ajo d\u00ebrgon k\u00ebrkesa te nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl nyjesh m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs nga tabela e saj e routing. N\u00ebse mes p\u00ebrgjigjeve t\u00eb tyre nuk ka vler\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkuar, por ka adresa t\u00eb tjera nyjesh, at\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet te ato.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>TON DHT mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebr shembull \u2014 p\u00ebr realizimin e nj\u00eb depoje skedar\u00ebsh ngjash\u00ebm me torrent (shiko <em>TON Storage<\/em>); p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar adresat e nyjeve q\u00eb realizojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb caktuara; p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur informacionin mbi pronar\u00ebt e llogarive n\u00eb blockchain. Por aplikimi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluarja e nyjeve sipas adresave t\u00eb tyre abstrakte. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, adresa p\u00ebrdoret si \u00e7el\u00ebs, vlera e t\u00eb cilit duhet t\u00eb gjendet. Si rezultat i k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs, ose do t\u00eb gjendet nyja vet\u00eb (n\u00ebse adresa e k\u00ebrkuar ishte adresa e saj DHT gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme), ose vlera do t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa IP dhe porta p\u00ebr lidhjen \u2014 ose nj\u00eb adres\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, e cila duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb tunel nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"overleynye-seti-v-ton\">Rrjetet e mbulimit n\u00eb TON<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Protokolli ADNL i p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr n\u00ebnkupton q\u00eb \u00e7do nyje mund t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbej\u00eb informacion me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn \u2014 ndoshta, jo domosdoshm\u00ebrisht n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mira. \u00cbsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se fal\u00eb ADNL, t\u00eb gjitha nyjet formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb grafik global TON (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale \u2014 t\u00eb lidhur). Por \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar gjithashtu mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar rrjeta ovrale \u2014 n\u00ebngrafik\u00eb brenda k\u00ebtij grafiku.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TON: Telegram Open Network. Pjesa 1: Hyrja, niveli i rrjetit, ADNL, DHT, rrjetet mbulese\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0badd85ba46517c04f63439f7dd1e8d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Brenda nj\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb till\u00eb, nd\u00ebrveprimi b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm drejtp\u00ebrdrejt \u2014 p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve t\u00eb formuara paraprakisht midis nyjeve pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse n\u00eb rrjet (p\u00ebrmes kanaleve ADNL, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr). Formimi i lidhjeve t\u00eb tilla midis fqinj\u00ebve, k\u00ebrkimi i fqinj\u00ebve t\u00eb vet \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces automatik, q\u00eb synon t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e rrjetit ovrale dhe t\u00eb minimizoj\u00eb vonesat gjat\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb t\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb shpejt azhurnime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb transmetimit brenda rrjetit \u2014 ato ndahen n\u00eb pjes\u00eb, plot\u00ebsohen me kodin e korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta cop\u00ebza d\u00ebrgohen nga nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs te tjetri. K\u00ebshtu, pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt plot\u00ebsisht, para se t'i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb ato p\u00ebrpara n\u00eb rrjet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rrjetet ovrale mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb publike ose private. T\u00eb b\u00ebhesh pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet publik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u2014 duhet t\u00eb gjesh struktur\u00ebn TL q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkruan at\u00eb (ajo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb publike \u2014 ose e disponueshme p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb DHT). N\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb rrjeti privat, kjo struktur\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr nyjen paraprakisht.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prodolzhenie-sleduet\">Vazhdon<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kam vendosur ta ndaj p\u00ebrmbledhjen e TON n\u00eb disa artikuj. Kjo pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrfundon k\u00ebtu, dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/354568\/\">n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen<\/a><\/noindex> do t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb shqyrtimin e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb blockchain-it (m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht, blockchain-\u00ebve), nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet TON.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/354366\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0423\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0420\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e Telegram \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0420\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Geektimes. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u2014 \u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Telegram \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 TON \u2014 Telegram Open [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ton-telegram-open-network-chast-1-vstuplenie-setevoj-uroven-adnl-dht-overlejnye-seti\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47TON: Telegram Open Network. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c, ADNL, DHT, \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ton-telegram-open-network-chast-1-vstuplenie-setevoj-uroven-adnl-dht-overlejnye-seti\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:59:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:59:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47TON: Rrjeti Hap\u00ebsiror i Telegramit. 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