{"id":34775,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:18","slug":"eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eksperiment-kak-zamaskirovat-ispolzovanie-tor-dlya-obhoda-blokirovok","title":{"rendered":"Eksperiment: Si t\u00eb maskoni p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/454002\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eksperiment: Si t\u00eb maskoni p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/35921a936c3b9237cb346e52899dfdc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Censura n\u00eb internet po b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb problem gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb intensifikimin e \"gar\u00ebs s\u00eb arm\u00ebve\" \u2013 autoritetet shtet\u00ebrore dhe korporatat private n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb bllokojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb ndryshme dhe luftojn\u00eb me mjetet p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar k\u00ebto kufizime, nd\u00ebrsa zhvilluesit dhe studiuesit p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb mjete efektive p\u00ebr luftimin e censur\u00ebs. <\/p>\n<p>Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga universitetet Carnegie Mellon, Universiteti i Stanfordit dhe SRI International zhvilluan <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frankwang.org\/files\/papers\/ccs2012.pdf\">eksperimenti<\/a><\/noindex>, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilit krijuan nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mashtruar p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor \u2013 nj\u00eb nga mjetet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr anashkalimin e bllokimeve. Po ju paraqesim nj\u00eb tregim mbi pun\u00ebn e b\u00ebr\u00eb nga studiuesit.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Tor kundra bllokimeve<\/h2>\n<p>\nTor siguron anonimatin e p\u00ebrdoruesve me an\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb relator\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u2013 dometh\u00ebn\u00eb server\u00ebve nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs midis p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe faqes s\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. Zakonisht, mes p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe faqes ndodhen disa relator\u00eb, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u00eb dekriptoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb paketin q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet \u2013 sa p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar pik\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb zinxhir dhe p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebrguar atje. Si rezultat, edhe n\u00ebse n\u00eb zinxhirin shtohet nj\u00eb relator t\u00eb kontrolluar nga keqb\u00ebr\u00ebsit ose censurator\u00ebt, ata nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb din\u00eb as adresat e p\u00ebrdoruesve as pik\u00ebn e destinacionit t\u00eb trafikimit. <\/p>\n<p>Si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar censur\u00ebn, Tor funksionon efektivisht, megjithat\u00eb censurator\u00ebt e kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb bllokojn\u00eb at\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht. Irani dhe Kina kan\u00eb realizuar fushata t\u00eb suksesshme p\u00ebr bllokimin e tij. Ata kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb identifikojn\u00eb trafikimin e Tor-it duke skanuar TLS handshakes dhe karakteristika t\u00eb tjera dalluese t\u00eb Tor. <\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb von\u00eb, zhvilluesve iu arrit t\u00eb adaptojn\u00eb sistemin p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet. Censurator\u00ebt u p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn me bllokime t\u00eb lidhjeve HTTPS p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vende, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Tor. Zhvilluesit e projektit krijuan programin obfsproxy, i cili shton nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmas\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb enkriptimit t\u00eb trafikimit. Kjo gar\u00eb vazhdon vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat fillestare t\u00eb eksperimenteve<\/h2>\n<p>\nStudiuesit vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument q\u00eb do t'u lejonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb maskuar p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor, p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e tij t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb regione ku sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb bllokuar plot\u00ebsisht. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si supozime fillestare, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt paraqit\u00ebn k\u00ebto:<\/li>\n<li>Cenzori kontrollon nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit, i cili lidh me internetin e pa censuruar.<\/li>\n<li>Organet q\u00eb merren me bllokimet kontrollojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e rrjetit brenda segmentit t\u00eb censuruar, por jo softuerin n\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebrfundimtar. <\/li>\n<li>Cenzori p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb parandaloj\u00eb aksesin e p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb materiale t\u00eb pad\u00ebshirueshme sipas pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb tij, dhe supozohet se t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto materiale ndodhen n\u00eb serverat jasht\u00eb segmentit t\u00eb kontrolluar t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/li>\n<li>Router\u00ebt n\u00eb perimeterin e k\u00ebtij segmenti analizojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e pakriptuar t\u00eb t\u00eb gjithave paketave, p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e pad\u00ebshirueshme dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar q\u00eb paketat e p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb brenda perimeterit.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb gjitha rel\u00e9 Tor ndodhen jasht\u00eb perimeterit. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Si funksionon kjo<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb maskuar p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor, hulumtuesit krijuan instrumentin StegoTorus. Q\u00ebllimi i saj kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb Tor p\u00ebr t'u rezistuar analiz\u00ebs automatizuar t\u00eb protokollit. Instrumenti ndodhet nd\u00ebrmjet klientit dhe relait t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb zinxhir, p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb vetin t\u00eb enkriptimit dhe modulet e steganografis\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar identifikimin e trafikut Tor.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb hapin e par\u00eb, aktivizohet moduli i quajtur chopper \u2013 ai transformon trafikun n\u00eb nj\u00eb renditje blokesh t\u00eb ndryshme gjat\u00ebsi, t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebrgohen m\u00eb tej jo n\u00eb rend. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eksperiment: Si t\u00eb maskoni p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f229ce95f4ed0513d091a43d6d868850.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat shifrohen duke p\u00ebrdorur AES n\u00eb modalitetin GCM. Kreu i bllokut p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb num\u00ebr 32-bit\u00ebsh t\u00eb rendit, dy fusha gjat\u00ebsi (d dhe p) \u2013 ato tregojn\u00eb volumin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, nj\u00eb fush\u00eb speciale F dhe nj\u00eb fush\u00eb kontrolli 56-bit\u00ebsh, vlera e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb zero. Gjat\u00ebsia minimale e bllokut \u00ebsht\u00eb 32 byte, nd\u00ebrsa maksimale 217+32 byte. Gjat\u00ebsia kontrollohet nga modulet e steganografis\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb vendosjen e lidhjes, disa bajta t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb informacionit jan\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh handshake, me t\u00eb cilin serveri kupton n\u00ebse ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me nj\u00eb lidhje ekzistuese ose t\u00eb re. N\u00ebse lidhja i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb re, serveri p\u00ebrgjigjet me nj\u00eb handshake, dhe secili nga pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e shk\u00ebmbimit nxjerr nga ai \u00e7el\u00ebsat e sesionit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm rikejing (rekeying) \u2013 ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me ndarjen e \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb sesionit, por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb mesazheve handshake p\u00ebrdoren blloqe. Ky mekaniz\u00ebm ndryshon numrin e rendit, por nuk e prek ID-n\u00eb e lidhjes. <\/p>\n<p>Pasi q\u00eb t\u00eb dy pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb marrin bllokun fin, lidhja mbyllet. P\u00ebr mbrojtje ndaj sulmeve t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritura ose vonesave n\u00eb dor\u00ebzimin e blloqeve, t\u00eb dy pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit duhet t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb mend ID-n\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb pas mbylljes. <\/p>\n<p>Moduli i integruar i steganografis\u00eb fsheh trafikun Tor brenda protokollit p2p \u2013 n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me funksionimin e Skype gjat\u00eb komunikimeve t\u00eb mbrojtura VoIP. Moduli i HTTP-steganografis\u00eb simulon trafik HTTP jo t\u00eb enkriptuar. Sistemi imiton nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues real me nj\u00eb shfletues t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n<h2>Q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria ndaj sulmeve<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar sa efektiv \u00ebsht\u00eb metoda e propozuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e efikasitetit t\u00eb Tor, studiuesit zhvilluan sulme t\u00eb dy llojeve. <\/p>\n<p>E para konsiston n\u00eb ndarjen e rrjedhave Tor nga rrjedhat TCP n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb karakteristikave themelore t\u00eb protokollit Tor \u2013 ky metod\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar sistemin e pushtetit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. Sulmi i dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin studimin e rrjedhave Tor tashm\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb informacione mbi cilat faqe viziton p\u00ebrdoruesi. <\/p>\n<p>Studiuesit konfirmuan efektivitetin e sulmit t\u00eb par\u00eb ndaj 'Tor t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm' \u2013 p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ata grumbulluan gjurm\u00ebt e vizitave t\u00eb faqeve nga 10-t\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb Alexa.com nj\u00ebzet her\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Tor-it t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, obfsproxy dhe StegoTorus me modulin e HTTP-steganografis\u00eb. Si referenc\u00eb p\u00ebr krahasim ishte p\u00ebrdorur dataset-i CAIDA me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr portin 80 \u2013 pothuajse me siguri t\u00eb gjitha ishin lidhje HTTP.<\/p>\n<p>Eksperimenti tregoi se llogaritja e Tor-it t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e leht\u00eb. Protokolli Tor \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb specifik dhe ka disa karakteristika q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb identifikohen \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, kur p\u00ebrdoret, lidhjet TCP zgjasin 20-30 sekonda. Vegla Obfsproxy gjithashtu nuk e fsheh pothuajse fare k\u00ebto momente t\u00eb dukshme. StegoTorus, nga ana e tij, gjeneron trafik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr referenc\u00ebs CAIDA.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eksperiment: Si t\u00eb maskoni p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bc75182d731dc854d96d8041d3a2d494.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb rastin e sulmit me llogaritjen e faqeve t\u00eb vizituara, studiuesit krahasuan probabilitetin e nj\u00eb zbulimi t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e 'Tor t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm' dhe zgjidhjes s\u00eb tyre StegoTorus. P\u00ebr vler\u00ebsim u p\u00ebrdor shkalla <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/fastml.com\/what-you-wanted-to-know-about-auc\/\">AUC<\/a><\/noindex> (Area Under Curve). Sipas rezultateve t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs, rezultoi se n\u00eb rastin e Tor t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm pa mbrojtje shtes\u00eb, probabiliteti i zbulimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi faqet e vizituara ishte duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eksperiment: Si t\u00eb maskoni p\u00ebrdorimin e Tor p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/74dc8cc047ef7a38d7ae6947e23e8aa9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n<p>\nHistoria e p\u00ebrballjes midis autoriteteve t\u00eb vendeve q\u00eb vendosin censur\u00eb n\u00eb internet dhe zhvilluesve t\u00eb sistemeve p\u00ebr shmangien e bllokimeve tregon se masat e mbrojtjes vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb komplekse mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb efektive. P\u00ebrdorimi i vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb instrumenti nuk mund t\u00eb garantoj\u00eb qasjen n\u00eb informacionin e nevojsh\u00ebm dhe se informacioni mbi shmangien e bllokimeve nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i njohur p\u00ebr censuruesit. <\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb \u00e7do instrumenti p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar privat\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe qasjen n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mos harrohen se nuk ka zgjidhje perfekte dhe, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, t\u00eb kombinohen metoda t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb efikasitet.<\/p>\n<h2>Linqe dhe materiale t\u00eb dobishme nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/infatica.io\">Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/453168\/\">K\u00ebrkimi: krijimi i nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi proxy t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj bllokimeve duke p\u00ebrdorur teorin\u00eb e lojrave<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/452438\/\">Historia e luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr censur\u00ebs: si funksionon metoda flash proxy e krijuar nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e MIT dhe Stanfordit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/451832\/\">Si t\u00eb kuptoni kur proksi g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb: verifikimi i lokacioneve fizike t\u00eb proksive rrjetor\u00eb me an\u00eb t\u00eb algoritmit t\u00eb gjeolokacionit aktiv<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/452334\/\">Si t\u00eb maskoheni n\u00eb internet: krahasimi i proksive server dhe rezidente<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/infatica\/blog\/454002\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u2013 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 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\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Carnegie Mellon, \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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