{"id":34795,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/shiny-i-protokoly-v-promyshlennoj-avtomatike-kak-vsyo-eto-rabotaet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:25","slug":"shiny-i-protokoly-v-promyshlennoj-avtomatike-kak-vsyo-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/shiny-i-protokoly-v-promyshlennoj-avtomatike-kak-vsyo-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Shinat dhe protokollet n\u00eb automatizimin industrial: si funksionon gjith\u00e7ka","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Shinat
\n
\nSigurisht, shum\u00eb prej jush e din\u00eb ose madje kan\u00eb par\u00eb si menaxhohen objektet e m\u00ebdha automatizuese, si p.sh. nj\u00eb centrale b\u00ebrthamore ose nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb me shum\u00eb linja teknologjike: veprimi kryesor shpesh zhvillohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, me shum\u00eb ekrane, drita dhe panele. Ky kompleks menaxhimi zakonisht quhet GShU \u2014 shiti kryesor i menaxhimit p\u00ebr kontrollin e objektit prodhues. <\/p>\n

Sigurisht q\u00eb ju ka interesuar si funksionon gjith\u00e7ka nga pik\u00ebpamja harduerike dhe softuerike, dhe \u00e7far\u00eb e ndan k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem nga kompjuter\u00ebt personal\u00eb t\u00eb njohur. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se si t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ndryshme arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb GShU, si d\u00ebrgohen komandat n\u00eb pajisje, dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar nj\u00eb stacion kompresor, nj\u00eb instalacion p\u00ebr prodhimin e propanit, nj\u00eb linj\u00eb montimi automjetesh ose madje nj\u00eb instalacion pompash p\u00ebr uj\u00ebrat e zeza.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Niveli i posht\u00ebm ose fushorja \u2014 ajo nga e cila fillon gjith\u00e7ka <\/h2>\n

\nKy ky\u00e7 i paqart\u00eb p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, p\u00ebrdoret kur duhet p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00ebnyrat e komunikimit t\u00eb mikroprocesor\u00ebve me pajisjet e varura, si modulat hyr\u00ebse-dal\u00ebse ose aparaturat mat\u00ebse. Zakonisht, ky kanal komunikimi quhet \"busa e terrenit\", sepse p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb kontrollor q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga \"terreni\". <\/p>\n

\u00abFusha\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb term profesional i thell\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton se nj\u00eb pajisje (si\u00e7 jan\u00eb sensor\u00ebt ose mekanizmat ekzekutues) me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nd\u00ebrvepron kontrollori ndodhet diku larg, jasht\u00eb, n\u00eb fush\u00eb, n\u00ebn mbulimin e nat\u00ebs. Dhe nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se sa af\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb sensori nga kontrollori, madje p\u00ebr t\u00eb matur temperatur\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb kabinet automatik, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri konsiderohet se ai ndodhet \u00abn\u00eb fush\u00eb\u00bb. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti, sinjalet nga sensor\u00ebt, q\u00eb mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb n\u00eb modul\u00ebt e hyrjes dhe daljes, kalojn\u00eb distanca nga dhjet\u00ebra deri n\u00eb qindra metra (dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb), duke mbledhur informacion nga vende ose pajisje t\u00eb larg\u00ebta. K\u00ebshtu, autobusi i nd\u00ebrlidhjes, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit kontrollori merr vlerat nga k\u00ebta sensor\u00eb, zakonisht quhet autobusi i fush\u00ebs ose m\u00eb rrall\u00eb autobusi i nivelit t\u00eb posht\u00ebm ose autobusi industrial.<\/p>\n

\"Shinat
\nSkema e p\u00ebrgjithshme e automatizimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb objekti industrial<\/i> <\/p>\n

Pra ndaj, sinjali elektrik nga sensori kalon nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb p\u00ebrmes kabllove (zakonisht p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kablli bakri t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm me disa fije), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me disa sensore. Pastaj, sinjali arrin n\u00eb modul t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit (modulin e hyrjes-daljes), ku ai shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb dixhitale t\u00eb kuptueshme p\u00ebr kontrolerin. M\u00eb pas, ky sinjal kalon p\u00ebrmes fush\u00ebs n\u00eb kontrollorin, ku p\u00ebrpunimi p\u00ebrfundimtar ndodh. Logjika e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb mikrokontrollerit nd\u00ebrtohet mbi k\u00ebto sinjale.<\/p>\n

Niveli i sip\u00ebrm: nga llampa deri te nj\u00eb stacion pune i plot\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nNiveli i sip\u00ebrm p\u00ebrfshin gjith\u00e7ka me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveproj\u00eb nj\u00eb operator i zakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb menaxhon procesin teknologjik. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, niveli i sip\u00ebrm \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grup llampash dhe butonash. Llampat sinjalizojn\u00eb operatorin p\u00ebr disa ngjarje q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb sistem, nd\u00ebrsa butonat sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb komanda p\u00ebr kontrollerin. Kjo sistem shpesh quhet \"llambadar\" ose \"d\u00ebndur\", sepse ka nj\u00eb pamje shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme (si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetohet nga fotografia n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb artikullit).<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse operatori ka fat m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, at\u00ebher\u00eb niveli i tij m\u00eb i lart\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb paneli i operatorit \u2014 nj\u00eb lloj kompjuteri me ekran t\u00eb planflat\u00eb, i cili n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr merr t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr t'i shfaqur nga kontrolli dhe i p\u00ebr\u00e7mon ato n\u00eb ekran. Ky panel zakonisht instalohet mbi kabinetin e automatik\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion q\u00eb zakonisht k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb q\u00ebndroni, \u00e7ka shkakton pak\u00ebsim komoditeteve, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb cil\u00ebsia dhe madh\u00ebsia e imazhit n\u00eb panelet me formate t\u00eb vogla l\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar.<\/p>\n

\"Shinat
\n
\nDhe, n\u00eb fund, atraksioni i pabesuesh\u00ebm i bujaris\u00eb \u2014 nj\u00eb stacion pune (ndoshta edhe disa kopje t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme), i cili p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm personal.<\/p>\n

Pajisjet e nivelit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruara t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb me mikro-kontrollerin (ndryshe, p\u00ebrse do t\u00eb ishin aty?). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim p\u00ebrdoren protokollet e nivelit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb mjedis transmetimi, p\u00ebr shembull, Ethernet ose UART. N\u00eb rastin e \"p\u00ebllumbit\", sigurisht, k\u00ebto nuanca nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme, sepse llampat ndizet duke p\u00ebrdorur linjat fizike t\u00eb zakonshme, pa interface dhe protokolle t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ky nivel i lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak interesant sesa autobusi i fush\u00ebs, pasi ky nivel i lart\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos ekzistoj\u00eb fare (nga seria nuk ka \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb operatori, kontrollori vet\u00eb do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Protokollet e \"lashta\" t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: Modbus dhe HART<\/h2>\n

\nPak njer\u00ebz e din\u00eb, por n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e shtat\u00eb t\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, Zoti nuk preku, por krijoi Modbus. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me protokollin HART, Modbus \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta protokolli m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr i transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave industriale, i cili u shfaq q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1979.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht, si mjedis p\u00ebr transmetim u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe seriale, pastaj Modbus u realizua mbi TCP\/IP. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll sinchron si \u2018master-slave\u2019 ( kryesor-n\u00ebnshtruar), n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrdoret parimi \u2018k\u00ebrkes\u00eb-p\u00ebrgjigje\u2019. Protokolli \u00ebsht\u00eb goxha i r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe i ngadalt\u00eb, shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit varet nga karakteristikat e marr\u00ebsit dhe d\u00ebrguesit, por zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e qindra milisekondave, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb implementimin p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes seriale. <\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, regjistri i transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Modbus \u00ebsht\u00eb 16-bit, \u00e7ka menj\u00ebher\u00eb vendos kufizime p\u00ebr transmetimin e tipeve real dhe double. Ato transmetohen ose n\u00eb pjes\u00eb, ose me humbje sakt\u00ebsie. Megjith\u00ebse Modbus ende p\u00ebrdoret gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb raste ku nuk k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi e lart\u00eb exchange dhe humbja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb transmetuara nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike. Shum\u00eb prodhues t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme e duan t\u00eb zgjerojn\u00eb protokollin Modbus n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta dhe shum\u00eb origjinale, duke shtuar funksione jo standarde. Prandaj, kjo protokoll ka shum\u00eb mutacione dhe devijime nga norma, por ende vazhdon t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb me sukses n\u00eb bot\u00ebn moderne.
\nProtokolli HART gjithashtu ekziston q\u00eb prej viteve '80, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll industrial komunikimi mbi nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb t\u00eb rrym\u00ebs, ku direkt lidh\u00ebn sensor\u00ebt 4-20 mA dhe pajisjet e tjera t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga protokolli HART. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr lidhjen e linjave HART p\u00ebrdoren pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, t\u00eb njohura si modem\u00eb HART. Gjithashtu ekzistojn\u00eb konvertues q\u00eb n\u00eb dalje ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit tashm\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, protokollin Modbus. <\/p>\n

E ve\u00e7ant\u00eb HART, ndoshta, \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 sinjaleve analoge nga sensor\u00ebt 4-20 mA, n\u00eb zinxhir transmetohet edhe sinjali digjital i protokollit, duke lejuar lidhjen e pjes\u00ebs digjitale dhe asaj analoge n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb kabllore. Modemat moderne HART mund t\u00eb lidhen n\u00eb portin USB t\u00eb kontrolluesit, t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth, ose me metod\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrmes portit serial. Dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, pasanalogji me Wi-Fi, u shfaq edhe standardi pa tel WirelessHART, i cili punon n\u00eb intervalin ISM.<\/p>\n

Brezi i dyt\u00eb i protokolleve ose autobusat jo krejt industrial\u00eb ISA, PCI(e) dhe VME <\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim t\u00eb protokolleve Modbus dhe HART erdh\u00ebn autobusat jo krejt industrial\u00eb, t\u00eb till\u00eb si ISA (MicroPC, PC\/104) ose PCI\/PCIe (CompactPCI, CompactPCI Serial, StacPC), si dhe VME. <\/p>\n

Ka ardhur nj\u00eb epok\u00eb p\u00ebr llogarit\u00ebsit q\u00eb disponojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shuf\u00ebr universale t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, ku mund t\u00eb lidhen disa karta (moduli) p\u00ebr trajtimin e nj\u00eb sinjali t\u00eb unifikuar. Zakonisht, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, moduli procesor (llogarit\u00ebsi) futet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet struktur\u00eb, e cila siguron nd\u00ebrveprimin p\u00ebrmes shufr\u00ebs me pajisje t\u00eb tjera. Strukturimi, ose si\u00e7 e quajn\u00eb profesionist\u00ebt e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb automatizimit, \"krejt\", plot\u00ebsohet me kartat e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave: analoge, diskrete, nd\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, etj., ose e gjith\u00eb kjo nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb futet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb sandui\u00e7i pa struktur\u00eb \u2014 nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb mbi tjetr\u00ebn. Pas k\u00ebsaj, kjo shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri n\u00eb shufr\u00eb (ISA, PCI, etj.) shk\u00ebmben t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me modulin procesor, i cili n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb merr informacion nga sensor\u00ebt dhe zbaton nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

\"Shinat
\nKontrolluesi dhe modul\u00ebt e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn PXI mbi shufr\u00ebn PCI. Burimi: National Instruments Corporation<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Gjith\u00e7ka duket mir\u00eb me k\u00ebto shina ISA, PCI(e) dhe VME, sidomos p\u00ebr ato koh\u00eb: as shpejt\u00ebsia e shk\u00ebmbimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyese, as komponent\u00ebt e sistemit jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, kompakt dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, ndoshta nuk ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim t\u00eb nxeht\u00eb t\u00eb kartave t\u00eb hyrjes dhe daljes, por p\u00ebr momentin nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe shum\u00eb e nevojshme. <\/p>\n

Por ka nj\u00eb lug\u00eb katran, dhe jo nj\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i komplikuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb till\u00eb, autobusi i shk\u00ebmbimit \u00ebsht\u00eb lokal, duhet t\u00eb tjet\u00ebrsohet di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruara ose t\u00eb barabarta, Modbus mbi TCP\/IP ose ndonj\u00eb protokoll tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ka pak komoditet. Dhe gj\u00ebja e dyt\u00eb, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e k\u00ebndshme: kartat e hyrjes dhe daljes zakonisht presin nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb unifikuar n\u00eb hyrje, dhe nuk kan\u00eb izolim galvanik me pajisjet n\u00eb terren, prandaj duhet t\u00eb krijosh nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm me module t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb konvertimit dhe skematik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, q\u00eb e komplikon shum\u00eb baz\u00ebn elementare.<\/p>\n

\"Shinat
\nModulet ndihm\u00ebse t\u00eb konvertimit t\u00eb sinjaleve me izolim galvanik. Burimi: DataForth Corporation<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abDhe \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh me protokollin e komunikimit p\u00ebr autobusin industrial?\u00bb \u2014 do t\u00eb pyesni ju. Dhe asgj\u00eb. Nuk ekziston n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb realizim. Shtigjet kabllore \u00e7ojn\u00eb sinjalet nga sensor\u00ebt n\u00eb konvertuesit e sinjaleve, konvertuesit shkaktojn\u00eb tension n\u00eb kart\u00ebn e hyrjeve\/daljeve diskrete ose analoge, dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga karta lexohen p\u00ebrmes porteve t\u00eb hyrjeve\/daljeve, me mjete t\u00eb sistemit operativ. Dhe asnj\u00eb protokoll i specializuar.<\/p>\n

Si funksionojn\u00eb autobusat dhe protokollat industriale moderne<\/h2>\n

\nDhe \u00e7far\u00eb tani? Deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e sotme, ideologjia klasike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e sistemeve automatizimi ka kaluar disa ndryshime. Roli luajti nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb faktor\u00ebsh, duke filluar nga fakti q\u00eb automatizimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar me tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb automatizuara t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara me nyje t\u00eb larg\u00ebta nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb themi se n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme ka dy konceptet kryesore p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e sistemeve t\u00eb automatizimit: sistemi t\u00eb lokalizuara dhe sisteme t\u00eb automatizuara t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e sistemeve t\u00eb lokalizuara, ku grumbullimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe menaxhimi \u00ebsht\u00eb centralizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb caktuar, koncepti i nj\u00eb grupi modulash hyr\u00ebs-dal\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i k\u00ebrkuar, t\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00eb autobuz t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt shpejt\u00ebsie, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrollues me protokollin e tij t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, zakonisht, modulet hyr\u00ebs-dal\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb konvertues sinjali dhe izolim galvanik (pavar\u00ebsisht se jo gjithmon\u00eb). Pra, konsumatori p\u00ebrfundimtar duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se cilat lloje sensor\u00ebsh dhe mekanizmash do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb sistemin e automatizuar, t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb numrin e modullave hyr\u00ebs-dal\u00ebs t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr lloje t\u00eb ndryshme sinjalesh dhe t'i lidh\u00eb ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me kontrolluesin. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, zakonisht, \u00e7do prodhues p\u00ebrdor protokollin e tij t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit midis modullave hyr\u00ebs-dal\u00ebs dhe kontrolluesit, dhe ka shum\u00eb variante k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e sistemeve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara, t\u00eb gjitha q\u00eb jan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemet e lokalizuara vlejn\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb grup modulash t\u00eb hyrjes dhe daljeve plus nj\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebr mbledhjen dhe transmetimin e informacionit \u2014 nj\u00eb mikrokontroler jo shum\u00eb inteligjent q\u00eb ndodhet diku n\u00eb nj\u00eb kabin\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00eb, pran\u00eb nj\u00eb valvule q\u00eb mbyll naft\u00ebn \u2014 t\u00eb mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e ngjashme dhe me kontrolluesin kryesor n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi efikase t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit. <\/p>\n

Si si zhvilluesit zgjedhin protokollin p\u00ebr projektin e tyre? T\u00eb gjitha protokollet moderne t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, prandaj shpeshher\u00eb zgjedhja e prodhuesit t\u00eb caktuar nuk bazohen n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e shk\u00ebmbimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb autobuz industrial. Implementimi i vet\u00eb protokollit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, sepse, nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i zhvilluesit t\u00eb sistemit, kjo gjithsesi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb kuti e zez\u00eb q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb brendshme shk\u00ebmbimi dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje nga jasht\u00eb. Shpesh v\u00ebmendja p\u00ebrqendrohet te karakteristikat praktike: performanca e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuese, p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebria e konceptit t\u00eb prodhuesit p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn e caktuar, disponueshm\u00ebria e llojeve t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb moduleve t\u00eb hyrjes-daljes, mund\u00ebsia e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb nxeht\u00eb t\u00eb moduleve pa prishjen e autobuzit, etj.<\/p>\n

Furnizuesit e njohur t\u00eb pajisjeve ofrojn\u00eb implementime t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb protokolleve industriale: p\u00ebr shembull, kompania e njohur Siemens zhvillon serin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb protokolleve Profinet dhe Profibus, kompanit\u00eb B&R - protokollin Powerlink, Rockwell Automation - protokollin EtherNet\/IP. Nj\u00eb zgjidhje vendase n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb versioni i protokollit FBUS nga kompania ruse Fastwel. <\/p>\n

Ka there jan\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb universale q\u00eb nuk lidhen me nj\u00eb prodhues t\u00eb caktuar, si EtherCAT dhe CAN. Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebto protokolle n\u00eb vazhdim t\u00eb artikullit dhe do t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se cilat prej tyre jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr aplikacione t\u00eb caktuara: industria automobilistike dhe hap\u00ebsinore, prodhimi i elektronik\u00ebs, sistemet e pozicionimit dhe robotik\u00ebs. Q\u00ebndroni me ne!
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Ky kompleks menaxhimi zakonisht quhet GSHU \u2014 qendra kryesore e menaxhimit p\u00ebr kontrollin mbi objektin prodhues. Me siguri ju ka interesuar,","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/shiny-i-protokoly-v-promyshlennoj-avtomatike-kak-vsyo-eto-rabotaet","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0428\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e 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