{"id":34904,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:01:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:10","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki","title":{"rendered":"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/584ee7cc84df80ab2b060e30286e5b2a.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKufiri midis mjedisit optik dhe kabllit koaksial \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00ebsi optik. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb konstrukcionin dhe konfigurimet e tyre.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">P\u00ebrmbajtja e seris\u00eb s\u00eb artikujve<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">Pjesa 1: Arkitektura e p\u00ebrgjithshme e rrjetit KTV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">Pjesa 2: Struktur\u00eb dhe forma e sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">Pjesa 3: Komponenti analog i sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">Pjesa 4: Komponenti digjital i sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">Pjesa 5: Rrjeti koaksial shp\u00ebrndar\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">Pjesa 6: Amplifikator\u00ebt e sinjalit RF<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Pjesa 8: Rrjeti magistral optik<\/li>\n<li>Pjesa 9: Stacioni kryesor<\/li>\n<li>Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe ndreqja e defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDetyra e marr\u00ebsit optik \u00ebsht\u00eb transferimi i sinjalit nga mjedisi optik n\u00eb elektrik. N\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisjeje passive, e cila t\u00ebrheq me thjesht\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5f137917cad905f73f5be394bca7743c.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, ky mrekulli inxhinierike siguron parametra t\u00eb sinjalit mjaft t\u00eb dob\u00ebt: me nj\u00eb nivel sinjali optik n\u00eb -1 \u2014 -2 dBm, parametrat e daljes sapo arrijn\u00eb standardet, dhe nj\u00eb rritje e sinjalit \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb zhurmave.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sinjalit t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar n\u00eb arhitektur\u00ebn FTTB, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren pajisje m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/a39ede72e21499c856667d0b2b280969.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRecepator\u00ebt q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb rrjetin ton\u00eb: Vector Lambda, Telmor MOB dhe vendasit Planar.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata dallohen nga v\u00ebllai i tyre pasiv m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb skeme m\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuar, e cila p\u00ebrfshin filtre dhe amplifikator\u00eb, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb qet\u00eb p\u00ebr sinjalin q\u00eb arrin te abonenti. Le t\u00eb shohim m\u00eb af\u00ebr:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1a899e7150b65ff76e73208946ae2156.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRecepatori optik Telmor ka brenda nj\u00eb panel me skem\u00ebn strukturore t\u00eb imazhuar. Kjo skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr OP.<\/p>\n<p>Niveli k\u00ebrkuar i sinjalit optik zakonisht varion nga -10 deri n\u00eb +3 dBm, q\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e projektimit dhe aktivizimit, vlera optimale \u00ebsht\u00eb -1 dBm: kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr rastin e degradimit t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb transmetimit dhe t\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, niveli i ul\u00ebt krijon m\u00eb pak zhurm\u00eb gjat\u00eb kalimit p\u00ebrmes pajisjeve.<\/p>\n<p>Sistemi i integruar i AGC (Automatic Gain Control) n\u00eb marr\u00ebsin optik ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb nivelet e daljes n\u00eb parametrat e caktuar duke rregulluar nivelin e sinjalit hyr\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se, n\u00ebse p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye sinjali optik papritur ndryshon ndjesh\u00ebm, por mbetet brenda gam\u00ebs operuese t\u00eb AGC (rreth 0 deri n\u00eb -7 dBm), at\u00ebher\u00eb marr\u00ebsi do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin koaksial sinjalin me nivelin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar gjat\u00eb konfigurimit. P\u00ebr raste ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ekzistojn\u00eb pajisje me dy hyrje optike, secila prej t\u00eb cilave monitorohet dhe mund t\u00eb aktivizohet manualisht ose automatikisht.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjitha OP aktive p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb kaskad forcimi, e cila gjithashtu siguron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rregullimit t\u00eb pjerr\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe nivelit t\u00eb daljes s\u00eb sinjalit.<\/p>\n<h1>Menaxhimi i marr\u00ebsve optik\u00eb<\/h1>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar parametrat e sinjalit, si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime dhe t\u00eb kontrolloni funksionet e nd\u00ebrtuara brenda vet\u00eb marr\u00ebsve, zakonisht ka organe t\u00eb thjeshta kontrolli. N\u00eb MOB-in e treguar n\u00eb foto, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pllakat\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb instaltohet opsionalisht n\u00eb korpus. Po ashtu, si nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb, propozohet p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb pllake t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, e cila vendoset vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e konfigurimit n\u00eb portet e pllakat\u00ebs kryesore. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme, sigurisht.<\/p>\n<p>Paneli i kontrollit lejon t\u00eb vendosni vlerat e attenuatorit t\u00eb hyrjes (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin rritja rezulton n\u00eb uljen p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb sinjalit t\u00eb daljes), t\u00eb aktivizoni ose \u00e7aktivizoni (si dhe t\u00eb vendosni vlera t\u00eb fikse) APU-n\u00eb, t\u00eb vendosni parametrat e pjerr\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb konfiguroni nd\u00ebrfaqen ethernet.<\/p>\n<p>OP-i Planar i \u00c7eljabinskut ka nj\u00eb indikator t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb sinjalit optik, dhe konfigurimi b\u00ebhet thjesht: me nj\u00eb rrotullim dhe nd\u00ebrrimin e inserteve, q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb karakteristikat e kasht\u00ebs s\u00eb amplifikatorit. N\u00eb kapakun q\u00eb hapet ndodhet blloku i energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9c0873567e055c0292484b3f71ed9f26.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDhe OP-i Vector Lambda, i realizuar n\u00eb dizajnin \"teknik pornografik\" ka nj\u00eb ekran me dy shifra dhe vet\u00ebm tri d\u00fcshka.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee9f491e8d40db7a66573189429b0fd2.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb diferencuar vlerat pozitive nga ato negative, ky OP shfaq vlerat negative me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb segmenteve, nd\u00ebrsa zero pozitive dhe +1 tregohet me lart\u00ebsi prej gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb ekranit. P\u00ebr vlera m\u00eb shum\u00eb se +1.9, thjesht shkruan \"HI\".<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebto kontrolle jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr rregullime operative n\u00eb terren, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar monitorim dhe menaxhim n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha marr\u00ebsit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb port ethernet. Nd\u00ebrfaqja e web-it lejon kontrollin dhe ndryshimin e parametrave, dhe p\u00ebr integrimin me sistemet e monitorimit, mb\u00ebshtetet pyetje sipas SNMP.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/bd6d6b70f246cbd3355a53f6f28b0fe5.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebtu shohim t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn skem\u00eb strukturore tipike t\u00eb OP, ku ka mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar parametrat e ARU dhe attenuatorit. Por k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i k\u00ebtij OP vendoset vet\u00ebm me jumpers n\u00eb pllakat dhe ka tre pozita fikse.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/0b8f2ccc0529f472a5a7721c3cc958ce.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pran\u00eb skem\u00ebs shfaqen parametrat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr kontroll: nivelet e sinjaleve hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse, si dhe vlerat e tensioneve q\u00eb merren nga bloku i brendsh\u00ebm i furnizimit me energji. 99% e daljes jasht\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre OP ndodhin pas p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre tensioneve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t'i monitorojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar aksidentet.<\/p>\n<p>Me pik\u00ebrisht me fjal\u00ebn Transponder kuptohet nd\u00ebrfaqja IP dhe ky seksion p\u00ebrmban cil\u00ebsimet e adres\u00ebs, mask\u00ebs dhe port\u00ebs \u2014 asgj\u00eb interesante.<\/p>\n<h1>Bonus: marr\u00ebsi i transmetimit<\/h1>\n<p>\nKjo nuk i p\u00ebrket tem\u00ebs s\u00eb seris\u00eb, por do t\u00eb flas vet\u00ebm pak rreth marrjes s\u00eb transmetimeve televizive. Pse tani? Thjesht, n\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb rrjetin e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese apartamentesh, at\u00ebher\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht nga burimi i sinjalit n\u00eb rrjetin koaksial varet n\u00ebse rrjeti do t\u00eb jet\u00eb kabllor apo ajror. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb fibr\u00ebs optike, nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs transmetimi i sinjalit KTV mund t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb vend t\u00eb OPM-s\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull Terra MA201:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/f35f28a1c7813f0a13ac883472bc34e2.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb portat hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb marr\u00ebsit lidhen disa antenna (zakonisht tre), secila prej t\u00eb cilave siguron pranimin e band\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/240704544381b0cb45201ae229c3cb09.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<code>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, me kalimin n\u00eb transmetimin digjital televiziv, kjo b\u00ebhet e panevojshme, sepse multiplexet digjitale transmetohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb band\u00eb t\u00eb vetme.<\/code><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr secil\u00ebn anten\u00eb mund t\u00eb rregullohet ndjeshm\u00ebria p\u00ebr uljen e zhurm\u00ebs, si dhe n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, t'i jepet energji nga distanca amplifikatorit t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb anten\u00eb. M\u00eb pas sinjali kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr nj\u00eb kaskad amplifikimi dhe p\u00ebrmbledhet. Mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar nivelin e daljes reduktohet n\u00eb \u00e7aktivizimin e shkall\u00ebve t\u00eb kaskad\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa rregullimi i pjerr\u00ebsis\u00eb nuk parashikohet fare: forma e d\u00ebshiruar e spektrit mund t\u00eb merret p\u00ebrmes rregullimeve t\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn anten\u00eb ve\u00e7mas. Dhe n\u00ebse pas nj\u00eb marr\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb kilometra kabllo koaksiale, at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtimi i dob\u00ebsimit n\u00eb t\u00eb luftohet duke instaluar dhe rregulluar amplifikator\u00ebt, t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me ata n\u00eb rrjetin kabllor.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse d\u00ebshirohet, mund t\u00eb kombinohen burimet e sinjalit: t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet sinjali kabllor, ajror dhe gjithashtu sinjali satelitor. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes multiva\u00e7\u00ebve \u2014 pajisjeve q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhjen dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e sinjaleve nga burime t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kanalet e kabllit t\u00eb televizionit p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 7: Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1cecfac52fdf6c4ea6852a64f7b404a1.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0422\u0412 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4: \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 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