{"id":34970,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-8-nastrojka-svitcha\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:01:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:34","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-8-nastrojka-svitcha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-8-nastrojka-svitcha","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 8. Konfigurimi i switch-it","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mir\u00eb se vini n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e switches! Sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr switche. Supozoni se jeni administrator rrjeti dhe ndodheni n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e nj\u00eb kompanie t\u00eb re. Nj\u00eb menaxher ju afrohet me nj\u00eb switch 'nga kutia' dhe k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb ta konfiguroni at\u00eb. Ndoshta keni menduar se b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidh\u00ebs elektrik t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm (n\u00eb anglisht, fjala switch n\u00ebnkupton si nj\u00eb komutator rrjeti, ashtu edhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidh\u00ebs elektrik \u2013 sh\u00ebnimi i p\u00ebrkthyesit), por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu \u2013 b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb komutator rrjeti, ose switch Cisco.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, menaxheri ju jep nj\u00eb komutator t\u00eb ri Cisco, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i pajisur me shum\u00eb interface. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb switch me 8, 16 ose 24 porte. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb slajd tregohet nj\u00eb switch me 48 porte n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme, t\u00eb ndara n\u00eb 4 seksione me nga 12 porte secila. Si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb nga m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb switch-it ka disa interface t\u00eb tjera, nj\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb porta konsol\u00eb. Porta konsol\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr aksesin e jasht\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisje dhe lejon t\u00eb shihni si ndodh ngarkesa e sistemit operacional t\u00eb switch-it. <\/p>\n

Kemi diskutuar rastin kur d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb ndihmoni kolegun tuaj dhe p\u00ebrdorni desktopin e larg\u00ebt. Ju lidhni me kompjuterin e tij, b\u00ebni ndryshime, por n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi q\u00eb shoku juaj t\u00eb ristartoj\u00eb kompjuterin, do t\u00eb humbni aksesin dhe nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihni se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb ekran gjat\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. Kjo problem lind n\u00ebse nuk keni akses t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje dhe jeni lidhur me t\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rrjetit.<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

Por n\u00ebse keni akses t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, mund t\u00eb shihni ekranin e ngarkes\u00ebs, shp\u00ebrndarjen e IOS-it dhe proceset e tjera. Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb aksesuar k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb lidheni me ndonj\u00eb nga portet frontale. N\u00ebse e keni konfiguruar menaxhimin e adresave IP n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, si do t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb video, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje ta aksesoni p\u00ebrmes Telnet-it. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se do ta humbni k\u00ebt\u00eb akses sa her\u00eb q\u00eb pajisja t\u00eb fiket. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim se si mund t\u00eb realizojm\u00eb konfigurimin fillestar t\u00eb nj\u00eb switch-i t\u00eb ri. Para se t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e sakt\u00eb, na duhen disa rregulla t\u00eb thjeshta. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e videove, kam p\u00ebrdorur GNS3 \u2014 nj\u00eb emulator q\u00eb lejon emulimin e sistemit operativ Cisco IOS. N\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, kam nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb pajisje, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse po tregoj si b\u00ebhet routing. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb duhet, p\u00ebr shembull, kat\u00ebr pajisje. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb blej pajisje fizike, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor sistemin operativ t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej pajisjeve t\u00eb mia, ta lidh at\u00eb me GNS3 dhe t\u00eb emuloj k\u00ebt\u00eb IOS n\u00eb disa instanca virtuale. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kem fizikisht pes\u00eb router\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kem vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb router. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor sistemin operativ n\u00eb kompjuterin tim, t\u00eb instaloj emulatorin dhe t\u00eb kem 5 instanca pajisjesh. N\u00eb videot e ardhshme, do t\u00eb shohim se si ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, por p\u00ebr sot problemi me p\u00ebrdorimin e emulatorit GNS3 \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb emulohet nj\u00eb switch, sepse switch-i Cisco ka \u00e7ipa hardware ASIC. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ip i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb integruar, i cili n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e b\u00ebn switch-in switch, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk mund ta emuloni thjesht k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion harduerik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, emulatori GNS3 ndihmon t\u00eb punoni me switch-in, por ka disa funksione q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb realizohen me t\u00eb. Prandaj, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebsim dhe disa video t\u00eb tjera, kam p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb software tjet\u00ebr Cisco t\u00eb quajtur Cisco Packet Tracer. Mos m\u00eb pyesni se si t\u00eb qaseni n\u00eb Cisco Packet Tracer, mund ta m\u00ebsoni k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Google-it, do t\u00eb thosha vet\u00ebm se p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb qasjen e till\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jeni an\u00ebtar i Network Academy.
\nMund t\u00eb keni qasje n\u00eb Cisco Packet Tracer, mund t\u00eb keni qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje fizike ose n\u00eb GNS3, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni cilin prej k\u00ebtyre veglave kur studioni kursin Cisco ICND. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni GNS3 n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb router, sistem operativ dhe switch, dhe do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb pa probleme, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb pajisje fizike, ose Packet Tracer \u2013 thjesht vendosni se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatshmi p\u00ebr ju. <\/p>\n

Por video-m\u00ebsimet e mia, un\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor Packet Tracer, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebmbej dy video, nj\u00eb ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr Packet Tracer dhe nj\u00eb ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr GNS3, do t'i publikoj s\u00eb shpejti, p\u00ebr momentin do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim Packet Tracer. Ja si duket. N\u00ebse keni akses n\u00eb Network Academy, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebt\u00eb program, dhe n\u00ebse jo, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni mjete t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, duke qen\u00eb se sot po flasim p\u00ebr switch-et, un\u00eb do ta sh\u00ebnoj pik\u00ebn Switches, do t\u00eb zgjedh modelin e switch-it seri\u00eb 2960 dhe do ta t\u00ebrheq ikon\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb dritaren e programit. N\u00ebse b\u00ebj dy her\u00eb klik mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb ikon\u00eb, do t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e komandave.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas shoh se sistemi operativ i switch-it po ngarkohet. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse merrni nj\u00eb pajisje fizike dhe e lidhni me kompjuterin, do t\u00eb shihni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin proces ngarkimi t\u00eb Cisco IOS. Shihni q\u00eb sistemi operativ \u00ebsht\u00eb zb\u00ebrthyer dhe mund t\u00eb lexoni disa kufizime t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb softuerit dhe marr\u00ebveshjen e licenc\u00ebs, informacionin mbi t\u00eb drejtat e autorit... t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto shfaqen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dritare. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb platform\u00ebn mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb e instaluar OS, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast switch-i WS-C2690-24TT, dhe do t\u00eb shfaqen t\u00eb gjitha funksionet e harduerit. K\u00ebtu shfaqet gjithashtu versi i programit. M\u00eb pas kalojm\u00eb direkt n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komandave, n\u00ebse e mbani mend, k\u00ebtu kemi sugjerime p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesin. P\u00ebr shembull, simboli (>) fton t\u00eb hiqni nj\u00eb komand\u00eb. Nga video-m\u00ebsimi \"Dita 5\" e dini se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli fillestar, m\u00eb i ulur i qasjes n\u00eb konfigurimet e pajisjes, e njohur si moda e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC. Ky akses mund t\u00eb merret n\u00eb \u00e7do pajisje Cisco.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse po p\u00ebrdorni Packet Tracer, keni qasje OOB jasht\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb pajisje dhe mund t\u00eb ndihmoni n\u00eb ndjekjen e procesit t\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb pajisjes. Ky program simulon qasjen n\u00eb switch p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb konsol\u00ebs. Si kaloni nga moda e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC n\u00eb mod\u00ebn privilegjuar EXEC? Shkruani komand\u00ebn \"enable\" dhe shtypni \"Enter\", gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni skic\u00ebn duke shkruar \"en\" dhe duke marr\u00eb mund\u00ebsi komandash q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me k\u00ebto letra. N\u00ebse thjesht shkruani shkronj\u00ebn \"e\", pajisja nuk do ta kuptoj\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb keni n\u00eb mendje, sepse ka tre komanda q\u00eb fillojn\u00eb me \"e\", por n\u00ebse shkruaj \"en\", sistemi do ta kuptoj\u00eb se fjala e vetme q\u00eb fillon me k\u00ebto dy letra \u00ebsht\u00eb enable. K\u00ebshtu, duke futur k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb, do t\u00eb keni qasje n\u00eb mod\u00ebn privilegjuar Exec.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mod\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb slajdin e dyt\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb emrin e hostit, t\u00eb vendosim nj\u00eb banner p\u00ebr hyrjen n\u00eb sistem, fjal\u00ebkalimin Telnet, t\u00eb aktivizojm\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebkalim, t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP, t\u00eb vendosim portin e paracaktuar, t\u00eb japim komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar pajisjen, t\u00eb anulojm\u00eb komandat e futures dhe t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb ndryshimet e kryera n\u00eb konfigurim. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebto jan\u00eb 10 komandat kryesore q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni gjat\u00eb iniciimit t\u00eb pajisjes. P\u00ebr t\u00eb futur k\u00ebto parametra, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni mod\u00ebn e konfigurimit global, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb tani.<\/p>\n

Pra, parametri i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb emri i hostit, ai aplikohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pajisjen, prandaj ndryshimi i tij b\u00ebhet n\u00eb mod\u00ebn e konfigurimit global. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne futim n\u00eb komand\u00ebn Switch (config)#. N\u00ebse dua t\u00eb ndryshoj emrin e hostit, shkruaj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb linj\u00eb hostname NetworKing, shtyp \"Enter\", dhe shoh q\u00eb emri i pajisjes Switch ka ndryshuar n\u00eb NetworKing. N\u00ebse e lidheni k\u00ebt\u00eb switch n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet ku tashm\u00eb ka shum\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb tjera, ky em\u00ebr do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si identifikuesi i tij mes pajisjeve t\u00eb tjera rrjetore, prandaj p\u00ebrpiquni t\u00eb shpikni nj\u00eb em\u00ebr unik me kuptim p\u00ebr switch-in tuaj. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse ky switch do t\u00eb vendoset, le t\u00eb themi, n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e administratorit, mund ta quani AdminFloor1Room2. Duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb pajisjes nj\u00eb em\u00ebr logjik, do t'ju jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni se cilit switch po i lidheni. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, pasi do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb mos ngat\u00ebrroheni me pajisjet ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb gjat\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb parametri Logon Banner. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb kushdo q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb paisje me an\u00eb t\u00eb login-it. Ky paramet\u00ebr vendoset me komand\u00ebn #banner. M\u00eb pas mund t\u00eb shkruani shkurtimin motd, Mesazhi i Dit\u00ebs, ose \"mesazhi i dit\u00ebs\". N\u00ebse fut nj\u00eb pyetje n\u00eb rresht, do t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh n\u00eb form\u00ebn: LINJA me banner-text.<\/p>\n

Kjo duket e komplikuar, por thjesht do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkruani tekst nga \u00e7do simbol, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \"s\", i cili n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb simboli ndar\u00ebs. Pra, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me ampersandin (&). Shtyp \"Enter\", dhe sistemi thot\u00eb se tani mund t\u00eb shkruani \u00e7do tekst p\u00ebr bannerin dhe ta p\u00ebrfundoni me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin simbol (&) me t\u00eb cilin fillon rreshti. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb fillova me ampersand dhe duhet ta p\u00ebrfundoj mesazhin tim me ampersand. <\/p>\n

Do ta filloj bannern tim me nj\u00eb rresht yjesh (*), dhe n\u00eb rreshtin tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb shkruaj \"Switch-i m\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm! Mos hyni\"! Mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb fantastike, kushdo do t\u00eb friksohet duke par\u00eb nj\u00eb banner t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb \"mesazhi im i dit\u00ebs\". P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se si duket n\u00eb ekran, shtyp CTRL+Z p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga moda globale n\u00eb mod\u00ebn privilegjuar EXEC, nga ku mund t\u00eb dal nga moda e konfiguarit. Ja si duket mesazhi im n\u00eb ekran dhe k\u00ebshtu do ta shoh\u00eb kushdo q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb switch. Ky quhet banneri i hyrjes n\u00eb sistem. Mund t\u00eb jeni kreativ dhe t\u00eb shkruani \u00e7far\u00ebdo, por ju k\u00ebshilloj ta merrni seriozisht k\u00ebt\u00eb. Kam parasysh se disa njer\u00ebz vendosnin si banner p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndet\u00ebs figura nga simbolet q\u00eb nuk kishin asnj\u00eb kuptim. Asgj\u00eb nuk mund t'ju pengoj\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb \"krijimtari\" t\u00eb till\u00eb, vet\u00ebm mbani mend se simbolat e tep\u00ebrt mbingarkojn\u00eb memorien e paisjes (RAM) dhe skedarin e konfigurimit, i cili p\u00ebrdoret gjat\u00eb nisjes s\u00eb sistemit. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb simbole t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skedar, aq m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb ngarkohet switch-i, prandaj p\u00ebrpiquni t\u00eb minimizoni skedarin e konfigurimit, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e bannerit t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptueshme.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn Console Password. Ai parandalon hyrjen n\u00eb pajisje nga persona t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Supozoni se keni l\u00ebn\u00eb pajisjen t\u00eb hapur. N\u00ebse un\u00eb jam nj\u00eb haker, do t\u00eb lidh laptopin tim me nj\u00eb kabull konsol n\u00eb switch, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor konsol\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb switch dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar fjal\u00ebkalimin ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme. Por n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni fjal\u00ebkalimin p\u00ebr portin e konsol\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb un\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb sistem vet\u00ebm me k\u00ebt\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim. Ju nuk doni q\u00eb dikush t\u00eb hyj\u00eb thjesht n\u00eb konsol\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00eb parametrat e switch-it tuaj. Pra, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb s\u00eb pari konfigurimin aktual. <\/p>\n

Pasi q\u00eb jam n\u00eb modin config, mund t\u00eb shkruaj komand\u00ebn do sh run. Komanda show run \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komand\u00eb privilegjuar n\u00eb modin EXEC. N\u00ebse dua t\u00eb kaloj nga ky mod n\u00eb modin global, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn 'do'. N\u00ebse shikojm\u00eb linj\u00ebn e konsol\u00ebs, do t\u00eb shohim se p\u00ebr default aty nuk ka fjal\u00ebkalim dhe p\u00ebrshkruhet line con 0. Kjo linj\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion, nd\u00ebrsa posht\u00eb saj ndodhet nj\u00eb seksion tjet\u00ebr i skedarit t\u00eb konfigurimit. <\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se n\u00eb seksionin 'line console' nuk ka asgj\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kur lidhem me switch-in p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb konsol\u00ebs, do t\u00eb kem akses t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb konsol\u00eb. Tani, n\u00ebse shkruaj 'end', mund t\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb modin e privilegjuar dhe nga aty t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb modin p\u00ebrdorues. N\u00ebse tani shtyp 'Enter', do t\u00eb hyj direkt n\u00eb modin e sugjerimeve n\u00eb komand\u00eb, sepse k\u00ebtu nuk ka fjal\u00ebkalim, p\u00ebrndryshe programi do t\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ta shkruaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb parametrat e konfigurimit.
\nPra, le t\u00eb shtypim 'Enter' dhe t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn line con 0, sepse n\u00eb pajisjet Cisco gjith\u00e7ka fillon nga zero. Pasi kemi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb konsol\u00eb, ajo sh\u00ebnohet me shkurtimin 'con'. Tani, p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim, p\u00ebr shembull fjal\u00ebn 'Cisco', na nevojitet t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn NetworKing (config-line)# komand\u00ebn password cisco dhe t\u00eb shtypim 'Enter'. <\/p>\n

Tani kemi vendosur nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim, por na mungon akoma di\u00e7ka. Le t\u00eb provonim gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebrs\u00ebri dhe t\u00eb dilnim nga cil\u00ebsimet. Edhe pse kemi vendosur fjal\u00ebkalimin, sistemi nuk e k\u00ebrkon at\u00eb. Pse?<\/p>\n

Ajo nuk k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim sepse ne nuk e intervistojm\u00eb at\u00eb. Ne e kemi vendosur fjal\u00ebkalimin, por nuk e kemi specifikuar rreshtin ku do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet verifikimi i tij kur trafiku t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje. \u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb tani? Duhet t\u00eb kthehemi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb rreshtin ku kemi sh\u00ebnuar line con 0 dhe t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb fjal\u00ebn \"login\".<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ju duhet t\u00eb kontrolloni fjal\u00ebkalimin, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb sistem, nevojitet nj\u00eb login. Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb kemi arritur. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb dalim nga parametrat dhe do t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb dritaren e bannerit. Po shihni se menj\u00ebher\u00eb posht\u00eb tij na \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur nj\u00eb rresht, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse hyj k\u00ebtu fjal\u00ebkalimin, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb parametrat e pajisjes. K\u00ebshtu, ne e kemi parandaluar me efikasitet aksesin n\u00eb pajisje pa miratimin tuaj, dhe tani n\u00eb sistem mund t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb e din\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin. <\/p>\n

Tani po shihni se na ka dal\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i vog\u00ebl. N\u00ebse ju shkruani di\u00e7ka q\u00eb sistemi nuk e kupton, ai mendon se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr domeni dhe p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb gjej\u00eb emrin e serverit, duke e zgjidhur lidhjen me IP-n\u00eb 255.255.255.255.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKjo mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb, dhe un\u00eb do t'ju tregoj se si t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizoni shfaqjen e k\u00ebtij mesazhi. Mund t\u00eb prisni thjesht deri sa t\u00eb skadoj\u00eb koha e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs, ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni kombinimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsave Control+Shift+6, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kjo funksionon edhe n\u00eb pajisje fizike. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas na nevojitet q\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb mos k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb emra domenesh, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ne sh\u00ebnojm\u00eb komand\u00ebn \"no IP-domain lookup\" dhe kontrollojm\u00eb se si ka punuar. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 e shihni, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb punoni me parametrat e switch-it. N\u00ebse ne dalim p\u00ebrs\u00ebri nga parametrat n\u00eb ekranin e mir\u00ebseardhjes dhe b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin gabim, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt, pajisja nuk do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin p\u00ebr emrin e domenit, por thjesht do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh \"komand\u00eb e panjohur\". Pra, konfigurimi i fjal\u00ebkalimit p\u00ebr hyrjen n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebni n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb re Cisco.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin p\u00ebr protokollin Telnet. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebkalimin n\u00eb konsol\u00eb kishte sh\u00ebnimin \u00abcon 0\u00bb, p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebkalimin mbi Telnet, parametri i parazgjedhur \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abline vty\u00bb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se konfigurimi i fjal\u00ebkalimit b\u00ebhet n\u00eb modalitetin e terminalit virtual, sepse Telnet \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb virtuale, jo fizike. Parametri i par\u00eb i line vty \u00ebsht\u00eb 0, dhe i fundit - 15. N\u00ebse ne vendosim parametrin 15, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb 16 linja p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje. Pra, n\u00ebse kemi disa pajisje n\u00eb rrjet, kur lidhim me switch-in p\u00ebrmes protokollit Telnet, pajisja e par\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb linj\u00ebn 0, e dyta - linj\u00ebn 1 dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb deri n\u00eb linj\u00ebn 15. K\u00ebshtu, deri n\u00eb 16 persona mund t\u00eb lidhen nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me switch-in, nd\u00ebrsa personi i shtat\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, duke tentuar t\u00eb lidhet, do t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh t\u00eb switch-it q\u00eb tregon se limiti i lidhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb tejkaluar. <\/p>\n

Ne mund t\u00eb vendosim nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha 16 linjat virtuale nga 0 deri n\u00eb 15, duke ndjekur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koncept si kur konfigurim fjal\u00ebkalimi p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn, dmth. ne shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn password n\u00eb linj\u00eb dhe caktojm\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin, p\u00ebr shembull, fjal\u00ebn \u00abtelnet\u00bb, pastaj shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn \u00ablogin\u00bb. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk duam q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebrmes protokollit Telnet pa fjal\u00ebkalim. Prandaj, ne japim udh\u00ebzimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar login-in dhe vet\u00ebm pas k\u00ebsaj ofrojm\u00eb qasje n\u00eb sistem.
\nAktualisht, ne nuk mund ta p\u00ebrdorim Telnet-in, sepse qasja n\u00eb pajisjen p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij protokolli mund t\u00eb realizohet vet\u00ebm pas konfigurimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb adrese IP n\u00eb switch. Prandaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar konfigurimet e Telnet-it, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb s\u00eb pari n\u00eb menaxhimin e adresave IP. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 e dini, switch-i funksionon n\u00eb nivelin e 2-t\u00eb t\u00eb modelit OSI, ka 24 porte dhe prandaj nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP specifike. Por duhet t\u2019i caktojm\u00eb k\u00ebtij switch-i nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP n\u00ebse duam t\u00eb lidhemi me t\u00eb nga nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr menaxhimin e adresave IP.
\nPra, na nevojitet t\u2019i caktojm\u00eb switch-it nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr menaxhimin e IP-s\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb nga komandat e mia t\u00eb preferuara \u00abshow ip interface brief\u00bb dhe do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shohim t\u00eb gjitha interfaces q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebshtu, un\u00eb shoh se kam nj\u00ebzet e kat\u00ebr porta FastEthernet, dy porta GigabitEthernet dhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe VLAN. VLAN \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet virtual, m\u00eb von\u00eb ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb konceptin e saj n\u00eb detaje, p\u00ebr momentin do t\u00eb them se \u00e7do switch vjen me nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe virtuale, t\u00eb quajtur nd\u00ebrfaqe VLAN. K\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar switch-in. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb qasemi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe dhe do t\u00eb fusim n\u00eb komand\u00ebn e linj\u00ebs parametrin vlan 1. Tani ju shihni se komand\u00eb linja ka marr\u00eb form\u00ebn NetworKing (config-if) #, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se jemi n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e menaxhimit t\u00eb switch-it VLAN. Tani ne do t\u00eb futim komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr vendosjen e adres\u00ebs IP t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji: Ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 dhe do t\u00eb klikojm\u00eb \"Enter.\" <\/p>\n

Ne shohim se kjo nd\u00ebrfaqe u shfaq n\u00eb list\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrfaqeve me sh\u00ebnimin \"administratively down\". N\u00ebse shihni nj\u00eb shkrim t\u00eb till\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe ka nj\u00eb komand\u00eb \"shutdown\", q\u00eb lejon q\u00eb porta t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizohet, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kjo port\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar. Ju mund t\u00eb ekzekutoni k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do nd\u00ebrfaqe, n\u00eb karakteristikat e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ka sh\u00ebnimin \"down\". P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb kaloni te nd\u00ebrfaqja FastEthernet0\/23 ose FastEthernet0\/24, t\u00eb jepni komand\u00ebn \"shutdown\", pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs n\u00eb list\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrfaqeve, kjo port\u00eb do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohet si \"administratively down\", dometh\u00ebn\u00eb e \u00e7aktivizuar. <\/p>\n

Pra, ne shqyrtuam se si funksionon komanda p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e port\u00ebs \"shutdown\". P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar port\u00ebn ose n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar di\u00e7ka n\u00eb switch, p\u00ebrdoret Negating Command, ose \"mohoj komand\u00ebn\". P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb komande t\u00eb till\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \"nuk ka \u00e7aktivizim\". Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komand\u00eb shum\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb prej nj\u00eb fjale \"no\" \u2014 n\u00ebse komanda \"shutdown\" do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \"\u00e7aktivizo pajisjen\", at\u00ebher\u00eb komanda \"no shutdown\" do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \"aktivizo pajisjen\". K\u00ebshtu, duke mohuar \u00e7do komand\u00eb me pjes\u00ebn \"no\", ne u japim komand\u00eb pajisjeve Cisco t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb veprimin e kund\u00ebrt. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani do t\u00eb fut komand\u00ebn \"show ip interface brief\" p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, dhe do t\u00eb shihni se gjendja e port\u00ebs son\u00eb VLAN, e cila tani ka adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1, ka ndryshuar nga pozita \"down\" \u2014 \"\u00e7aktivizuar\" n\u00eb \"up\" \u2014 \"aktivizuar\", megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e protokollit ende shkruhet \"down\".<\/p>\n

Pse protokolli VLAN nuk funksionon? Sepse aktualisht ai nuk sheh asnj\u00eb trafik q\u00eb kalon p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij porti, pasi, n\u00ebse e mbani mend, n\u00eb rrjetin ton\u00eb virtual ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pajisje \u2013 nj\u00eb switch, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb trafik. Prandaj, do t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb kompjuter personal PC-PT(PC0).
\nMund t\u00eb mos shqet\u00ebsoheni p\u00ebr Cisco Packet Tracer, n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga videot e ardhshme do t\u00eb tregoj m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje se si funksionon kjo program, p\u00ebr momentin do t\u00eb kemi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, tani do t\u00eb aktivizoj simulimin e PC-s\u00eb, do t\u00eb klikoj mbi ikon\u00ebn e kompjuterit dhe do t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq nj\u00eb kabllo nga ai drejt switch-it ton\u00eb. N\u00eb konsol\u00eb u shfaq nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb protokolli i linj\u00ebs VLAN1 nd\u00ebrruar gjendjen n\u00eb UP, pasi kemi par\u00eb trafik nga PC-ja. Sapo protokolli shpalli se kishte trafik, menj\u00ebher\u00eb kaloi n\u00eb gjendjen e gatshme. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse japim p\u00ebrs\u00ebri komand\u00ebn \u00abshow ip interface brief\u00bb, mund t\u00eb shihet se interface FastEthernet0\/1 ka ndryshuar gjendjen dhe gjendjen e protokollit t\u00eb tij n\u00eb UP, sepse kabllo nga kompjuteri u bashkangjit atij, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit filloi t\u00eb arrij\u00eb trafik. Interface VLAN gjithashtu kaloi n\u00eb gjendje aktive, pasi ai \u00abpa\u00bb trafik n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port. <\/p>\n

Tani do t\u00eb klikojm\u00eb mbi ikon\u00ebn e kompjuterit p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb simulim i nj\u00eb PC-je n\u00ebn sistemin operative Windows, prandaj do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e konfigurimit t\u00eb rrjetit p\u00ebr t'i dh\u00ebn\u00eb kompjuterit adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.2 dhe t\u00eb caktuar mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNuk na nevojitet nj\u00eb gateway i paracaktuar, sepse jemi n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrjet me switch-in. Tani do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb pingoj switch-in me komand\u00ebn \u00abping 10.1.1.1\u00bb, dhe, si\u00e7 e shihni, pingimi kishte sukses. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se tani kompjuteri mund t\u00eb aksesoj\u00eb switch-in dhe kemi adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs menaxhohet switch-i. <\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb pyesni, pse k\u00ebrkesa e par\u00eb nga kompjuteri mori p\u00ebrgjigje \u00abtimeout\u00bb. Kjo ndodhi sepse kompjuteri nuk e dinte adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb switch-it dhe duhej s\u00eb pari t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ARP, prandaj adresimi i par\u00eb n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1 p\u00ebrfundoi pa sukses.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim protokolin Telnet, duke shkruar n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn \"telnet 10.1.1.1\". Ne lidhemi me k\u00ebt\u00eb kompjuter p\u00ebrmes protokolit Telnet me adres\u00ebn 10.1.1.1, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe virtuale e switch-it. Pas k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb dritaren e terminalit t\u00eb komandave menj\u00ebher\u00eb shoh nj\u00eb banner mir\u00ebseardhjeje t\u00eb switch-it q\u00eb kemi instaluar m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nFizikisht, ky switch mund t\u00eb ndodhet kudo \u2013 n\u00eb katin e kat\u00ebrt apo n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs, por ne n\u00eb \u00e7do rast e gjejm\u00eb at\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e Telnet. Ju shihni q\u00eb switch-i k\u00ebrkon fjal\u00ebkalimin. \u00c7far\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ai? Ne kemi vendosur dy fjal\u00ebkalime \u2013 nj\u00eb p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr VTY. Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb s\u00eb pari t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn \"cisco\", dhe ju shihni se ai nuk pranohet nga sistemi. At\u00ebher\u00eb un\u00eb provo fjal\u00ebkalimin \"telnet\" p\u00ebr VTY, dhe kjo funksionoi. Switch-i pranoi fjal\u00ebkalimin VTY, sepse line vty password \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb funksionon sipas protokollit Telnet q\u00eb po p\u00ebrdoret k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n

Tani tani po provoj\u00eb t\u00eb fus komand\u00ebn \"enable\", dhe sistemi p\u00ebrgjigjet \"no password set\" \u2014 \"nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur asnj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim\". Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se switch-i m\u00eb lejoi t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb modin e p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime, por nuk m\u00eb dha qasje n\u00eb privilegjet. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb modin e privilegjuar EXEC, duhet t\u00eb krijoj at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet \"enable password\", dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb vendos nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne kthehemi s\u00ebrish n\u00eb dritaren e konfigurimit t\u00eb switch-it, p\u00ebr t'i lejuar sistemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimin. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, me ndihm\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs \"enable\" ne kalojm\u00eb nga modin e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC n\u00eb modin e privilegjuar EXEC. Pasi fusim \"enable\", sistemi k\u00ebrkon gjithashtu t\u00eb fusim nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim, sepse kjo funksion nuk do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorimin e fjal\u00ebkalimit. Prandaj, ne p\u00ebrs\u00ebri kthehemi n\u00eb simulimin e marrjes s\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb konsol\u00eb. Un\u00eb tashm\u00eb kam qasje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb switch, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb dritaren e nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb komandave IOS n\u00eb linj\u00ebn NetworKing (config) # enable, m\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shtoj \"password enable\", dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizoj funksionin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimit.
\nTani le t\u00eb provoj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb shkruaj \"enable\" n\u00eb komand\u00ebn e kompjuterit dhe t\u00eb shtyp \"Enter\", pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs sistemi k\u00ebrkon fjal\u00ebkalimin. \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ky fjal\u00ebkalim? Pasi shkrova dhe futa komand\u00ebn \"enable\", mora qasje n\u00eb modin e privilegjuar EXEC. Tani kam qasje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebrmes kompjuterit dhe mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb dua me t\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb \"conf t\", mund t\u00eb ndryshoj fjal\u00ebkalimin apo emrin e hostit. Tani do ta ndryshoj emrin e hostit n\u00eb SwitchF1R10, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \"kat i par\u00eb, dhoma 10\". K\u00ebshtu, un\u00eb ndryshova emrin e switch-it dhe tani m\u00eb tregon p\u00ebr vendndodhjen e k\u00ebsaj pajisjeje n\u00eb zyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse kthehemi n\u00eb dritaren e nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb komand\u00ebs s\u00eb switch-it, mund t\u00eb shohim q\u00eb emri i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar, dhe un\u00eb e b\u00ebra k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt gjat\u00eb sesionit t\u00eb lidhjes Telnet. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu e marrim qasjen n\u00eb switch p\u00ebrmes Telnet: ne emruam hostin, krijuam nj\u00eb banner p\u00ebr hyrje n\u00eb sistem, vendos\u00ebm fjal\u00ebkalim p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn dhe fjal\u00ebkalim p\u00ebr Telnet. M\u00eb pas e b\u00ebm\u00eb t\u00eb mundur hyrjen e fjal\u00ebkalimit, krijuam mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e menaxhimit IP, aktivizuam funksionin \u00abshutdown\u00bb dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb anuluar komandat.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, duhet t\u00eb caktojm\u00eb portin e paracaktuar. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne kthehemi s\u00ebrish n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit global t\u00eb switch-it, shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn \"ip default-gateway 10.1.1.10\" dhe shtypim \"Enter\". Mund t\u00eb pyesni, p\u00ebrse na nevojitet nj\u00eb port i paracaktuar, n\u00ebse switch-i yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje e modelit OSI t\u00eb nivelit 2. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ne lidhem PC-n\u00eb direkt me switch-in, por le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi disa pajisje. Supozoni se pajisja nga e cila kam iniciuar Telnet-in, dmth kompjuteri, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, nd\u00ebrsa switch-i me adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, trafiku Telnet vjen nga nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, dhe switch-i duhet ta kthej\u00eb at\u00eb, por nuk di si t\u00eb arrij\u00eb aty. Switch-i p\u00ebrcakton se adresa IP e kompjuterit i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb rrjeti tjet\u00ebr, prandaj p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me t\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebrdorimi i portit t\u00eb parazgjedhur. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebshtu, ne vendosim portin e parazgjedhur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb kur t\u00eb arrij\u00eb trafiku nga nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, switch-i t\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb paket\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjigjes te porti i parazgjedhur, i cili do ta redirektoj\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb destinacionin p\u00ebrfundimtar. <\/p>\n

Tani, m\u00eb n\u00eb fund, do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb si t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konfigurim. Ne kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb konfigurimin e k\u00ebtij pajisjeje, saq\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr t'i ruajtur ato. Ekzistojn\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebra prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jepni komand\u00ebn \u00abwrite\u00bb n\u00eb modalitetin e privilegjuar EXEC. Un\u00eb shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb, shtyp \u00abEnter\u00bb dhe sistemi p\u00ebrgjigjet me mesazhin \u00abBuilding configuration \u2014 OK\u00bb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se konfigurimi aktual i pajisjes \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur me sukses. Ajo q\u00eb ne b\u00ebm\u00eb p\u00ebrpara ruajtjes quhet \u00abkonfigurimi i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb pajisjes\u00bb. Kjo ruhet n\u00eb memorie t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme dhe pas fikjes s\u00eb saj do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb. Prandaj, duhet t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb konfigurimin e nisjes. <\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht nga ajo q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb konfigurimin e pun\u00ebs, komanda \u00abwrite\u00bb kopjon k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion dhe e ruan at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb sked\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb nisjes, i cili nuk varet nga memoria e p\u00ebrkohshme dhe ndodhet n\u00eb memorin\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb pajisjes NVRAM. Kur pajisja ngarkohet, sistemi kontrollon n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb nisjes n\u00eb NVRAM dhe e kthen at\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e pun\u00ebs duke ngarkuar parametrat n\u00eb memorien e p\u00ebrkohshme RAM. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb ne p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn \u00abwrite\u00bb, parametrat e konfigurimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs kopjohen dhe ruhen n\u00eb NVRAM. <\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyra e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr ruajtjen e parametrave t\u00eb konfigurimit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr \u00abdo write\u00bb. N\u00ebse ne p\u00ebrdorim k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb, s\u00eb pari duhet t\u00eb japim fjal\u00ebn \u00abcopy\u00bb. M\u00eb pas, sistemi operativ Cisco do t\u00eb pyes\u00eb nga ku duhet t\u00eb kopjojm\u00eb parametrat e konfigurimit: nga sistemi i skedhave p\u00ebrmes ftp ose flash, nga konfigurimi i pun\u00ebs ose nga konfigurimi i nisjes. Ne duam t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs running-configuration, prandaj shkruajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fraz\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00eb. M\u00eb pas sistemi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje, duke pyetur se ku duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kopjimi i parametrave, dhe tani ne tregojm\u00eb startup-configuration. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, e kopjuam konfigurimin e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb sked\u00ebn e konfigurimit t\u00eb nisjes.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb jeni shum\u00eb t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm me k\u00ebto komanda, sepse n\u00ebse kopjoni konfigurimin boot n\u00eb konfigurimin aktiv, si\u00e7 ndodh ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kur konfiguroni nj\u00eb switch t\u00eb ri, do t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet e b\u00ebra dhe do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb me parametra zero. Prandaj, duhet t\u00eb keni kujdes se \u00e7far\u00eb dhe ku planifikoni t\u00eb ruani pas konfigurimit t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb switch-it. K\u00ebshtu ruani konfigurimin dhe tani, n\u00ebse rinisni switch-in, ai do t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin gjendje q\u00eb ishte para rinisjes. <\/p>\n

Pra, ne shqyrtuam se si kryhet konfigurimi i parametrave themelor\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb switch-i t\u00eb ri. E di, shum\u00eb prej jush e pan\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e komand\u00ebs s\u00eb pajisjes, prandaj mund t\u00eb nevojitet pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb u tregua n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb video. Ju rekomandoj ta shikoni k\u00ebt\u00eb video disa her\u00eb derisa t\u00eb kuptoni si t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni modulet e ndryshme t\u00eb konfigurimit, modalitetin e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC, modalitetin e privilegjuar EXEC, modalitetin global t\u00eb konfigurimit, si t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur komandat n\u00ebnkryesore, t\u00eb ndryshoni emrin e hostit, t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb banner dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ne shqyrtuam komandat kryesore q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dini dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjat\u00eb konfigurimit fillestar t\u00eb \u00e7do pajisjeje Cisco. N\u00ebse e dini komandat p\u00ebr switch-in, at\u00ebher\u00eb i dini dhe komandat p\u00ebr router-in. <\/p>\n

Thjesht mbani mend nga cili mod \u00ebsht\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb secila nga k\u00ebto komanda kryesore. P\u00ebr shembull, emri i hostit dhe banneri i hyrjes jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konfigurimit global; p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn, ju duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni konsol\u00ebn, fjal\u00ebkalimi Telnet caktohet n\u00eb linj\u00ebn VTY nga zero n\u00eb 15. P\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar IP-n\u00eb, ju duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nd\u00ebrfaqen VLAN. Duhet t\u00eb mbani mend se si parazgjedhje funksioni \"enable\" \u00ebsht\u00eb i \u00e7aktivizuar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ju mund t\u00eb duhet ta aktivizoni at\u00eb duke futur komand\u00ebn \"no shutdown\". <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse ju nevojitet t\u00eb caktoni nj\u00eb gateway t\u00eb parazgjedhur, hyni n\u00eb modalitetin global t\u00eb konfigurimit, p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn \"ip default-gateway\" dhe caktoni gateway-n\u00eb nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb. N\u00eb fund, ruani ndryshimet e b\u00ebra duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn \"write\" ose procedur\u00ebn e kopjimit t\u00eb konfigurimit aktiv n\u00eb skedarin e konfigurimit boot. Shpresoj q\u00eb kjo video t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb informuese dhe t'ju ket\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimin e kursit ton\u00eb t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Nuclea) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps deri n\u00eb ver\u00eb falas<\/b> me pages\u00eb p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn nga gjasht\u00eb muaj, mund t\u00eb porositni k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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