{"id":35106,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/proizvoditelnost-setevyh-prilozhenij-linux-vvedenie\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:22","slug":"proizvoditelnost-setevyh-prilozhenij-linux-vvedenie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/proizvoditelnost-setevyh-prilozhenij-linux-vvedenie","title":{"rendered":"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aplikacionet web tani p\u00ebrdoren kudo, dhe mes t\u00eb gjith\u00eb protokollave t\u00eb transportit, HTTP z\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Kur studiojn\u00eb nuancat e zhvillimit t\u00eb aplikacioneve web, shumica i jep shum\u00eb pak v\u00ebmendje sistemit operativ ku k\u00ebto aplikacione realisht funksionojn\u00eb. Ndarja e zhvillimit (Dev) dhe operacioneve (Ops) vet\u00ebm sa ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar situat\u00ebn. Por me p\u00ebrhapjen e kultur\u00ebs DevOps, zhvilluesit filluan t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr funksionimin e aplikacioneve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb cloud, prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr ta t\u00eb njohin n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi bllokun e sistemit operativ. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e dobishme n\u00ebse po p\u00ebrpiqeni t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra ose dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra lidhje t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizimet n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet web jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me kufizimet n\u00eb aplikacione t\u00eb tjera. Qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr balancuesit e ngarkes\u00ebs ose server\u00ebt e DB, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto aplikacione kan\u00eb probleme t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Kuptimi i k\u00ebtyre kufizimeve themelore dhe m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e performanc\u00ebs dhe shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb aplikacioneve tuaja web.<\/p>\n<p>Po shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb seri artikujsh si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj pyetjeve t\u00eb zhvilluesve t\u00eb rinj q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen arkitekt\u00eb sistemesh t\u00eb informuar mir\u00eb. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb kuptohet qart\u00eb metodat e optimizimit t\u00eb aplikacioneve Linux pa u zhytur n\u00eb bazat, sesi ato funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e sistemit operativ. Edhe pse ka shum\u00eb lloje aplikacionesh, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl dua t\u00eb shqyrtoj aplikacione rrjetesh, dhe jo desktop, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb shfletuesit ose redaktor\u00ebt e teksteve. Ky material \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvilluesit dhe arkitekt\u00ebt q\u00eb duan t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se si funksionojn\u00eb programet Linux ose Unix dhe si t\u2019i strukturojn\u00eb ato p\u00ebr performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nLinux \u00ebsht\u00eb <i>sistemi operativ<\/i> server, dhe m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti aplikacionet tuaja punojn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb OS. Edhe pse po flas p\u00ebr 'Linux', gjat\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb koh\u00ebs mund t\u00eb supozoni me besim se po kemi parasysh t\u00eb gjitha sistemet operativ\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me Unix n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Megjithat\u00eb, un\u00eb nuk e kam testuar kodin shoq\u00ebrues n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb tjera. Prandaj, n\u00ebse jeni t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr FreeBSD ose OpenBSD, rezultati mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndryshe. Kur provoj di\u00e7ka specifike p\u00ebr Linux, un\u00eb e shpjegoj at\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Megjith\u00ebse mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni njohurit\u00eb e marra p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb aplikacion nga fillimi dhe ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i optimizuar mjaft mir\u00eb, m\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb mos e b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00ebse shkruani nj\u00eb server t\u00eb ri web n\u00eb C ose C++ p\u00ebr aplikacionin e biznesit t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs suaj, ndoshta do t\u00eb jet\u00eb dita juaj e fundit n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, njohja e strukturave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre aplikacioneve do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjen e programeve q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb. Do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb krahasoni sistemi t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb procese me sistemet t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb gjendje dhe gjithashtu me ato t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb ngjarje. Do t\u00eb kuptoni dhe vler\u00ebsoni pse Nginx funksionon m\u00eb mir\u00eb se Apache httpd dhe pse nj\u00eb aplikacion Python i bazuar n\u00eb Tornado mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues se nj\u00eb aplikacion Python i bazuar n\u00eb Django.<\/p>\n<h1>ZeroHTTPd: mjet p\u00ebr m\u00ebsim<\/h1>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/shuveb\/zerohttpd\">ZeroHTTPd<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0\u2014 nj\u00eb server web q\u00eb e shkrova nga fillimi n\u00eb C si nj\u00eb mjet m\u00ebsimi. Nuk ka var\u00ebsi t\u00eb jashtme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb qasje n\u00eb Redis. Ne ekzekutojm\u00eb procedurat tona t\u00eb Redis. M\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Megjith\u00ebse mund t\u00eb flasim gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr teorin\u00eb, nuk ka asgj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb se t\u00eb shkruash kod, ta ekzekutosh dhe t\u00eb krahasosh t\u00eb gjitha arkitektur\u00ebn e server\u00ebve. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb metoda m\u00eb vizuale. Prandaj, do t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb server t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb web ZeroHTTPd, duke aplikuar \u00e7do model: t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb procese, jan\u00eb dhe ngjarje. Do t\u00eb verifikojm\u00eb secilin nga k\u00ebta server\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb shohim se si punojn\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. ZeroHTTPd \u00ebsht\u00eb i realizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb sked\u00eb t\u00eb vetme C. N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb serverit t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb ngjarje p\u00ebrfshihet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/troydhanson.github.io\/uthash\/\">uthash<\/a><\/noindex>, nj\u00eb implementim i shk\u00eblqyer i tabel\u00ebs hash e cila ofrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb sked\u00eb header. N\u00eb rastet e tjera, nuk ka var\u00ebsi q\u00eb e komplikon projektin.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kod ka shum\u00eb komente p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb kuptimin. Duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb server web i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb disa linja kodi, ZeroHTTPd gjithashtu paraqet nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb minimale p\u00ebr zhvillimin e web. Ka funksionalitet t\u00eb kufizuar, por \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb skedar\u00eb statik\u00eb dhe faqe \"dinamike\" shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta. Duhet t\u00eb them se ZeroHTTPd \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar se si t\u00eb krijoni aplikacione me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Linux. N\u00eb thelb, shumica e sh\u00ebrbimeve web presin k\u00ebrkesat, i verifikojn\u00eb ato dhe i p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ZeroHTTPd. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument p\u00ebr m\u00ebsim, jo p\u00ebr prodhim. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i fort\u00eb n\u00eb trajtimin e gabimeve dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mburret me praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb siguris\u00eb (o, po, e kam p\u00ebrdorur <code>strcpy<\/code>) ose p\u00ebr truqet e gjuh\u00ebs C. Por, shpresoj se do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb detyr\u00ebn e tij mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/33fd0a5353667001523d5d4c8ada9ecf.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Faqja kryesore e ZeroHTTPd. Ai mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme skedar\u00ebsh, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb imazhe.<\/i><\/p>\n<h1>Aplikacioni i librit t\u00eb vizitor\u00ebve<\/h1>\n<p>\nAplikacionet moderne n\u00eb internet zakonisht nuk kufizohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb skedar\u00eb statik\u00eb. Ato kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprime t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara me baza t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, cache, etj. Prandaj, ne do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacion t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb internet t\u00eb quajtur 'Libri i Vizitor\u00ebve', ku vizitor\u00ebt mund t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb sh\u00ebnime me emrat e tyre. N\u00eb librin e vizitor\u00ebve ruhen sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb l\u00ebna m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb num\u00ebruar t\u00eb vizitor\u00ebve n\u00eb fund t\u00eb faqes.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/ed8e828e8567d3d114875520988742d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Aplikacioni n\u00eb internet 'Libri i Vizitor\u00ebve' ZeroHTTPd<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Num\u00ebruari i vizitor\u00ebve dhe sh\u00ebnimet e librit t\u00eb vizitor\u00ebve ruhen n\u00eb Redis. P\u00ebr komunikimet me Redis jan\u00eb realizuar procedura t\u00eb veta, t\u00eb cilat nuk varen nga biblioteka t\u00eb jashtme. Un\u00eb nuk jam nj\u00eb fan i madh i krijimit t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb kur ka zgjidhje t\u00eb mira dhe t\u00eb testuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb publike. Por q\u00ebllimi i ZeroHTTPd \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb studioj\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e Linux-it dhe qasjen n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb jashtme, nd\u00ebrsa sh\u00ebrbimi i k\u00ebrkesave HTTP ndikon ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb performanc\u00eb. Ne duhet t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht komunikimet me Redis n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga arkitektur\u00ebn tona serverike. N\u00eb nj\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb ne p\u00ebrdorim thirrje bllokuese, n\u00eb t\u00eb tjerat procedura me baz\u00eb ngjarjesh. P\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb biblioteke klienti t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm p\u00ebr Redis nuk do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb kontroll. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, klienti yn\u00eb i vog\u00ebl Redis kryen vet\u00ebm disa funksione (marrja, konfigurimi dhe rritja e \u00e7el\u00ebsit; marrja dhe shtimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb array). P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, protokolli Redis \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht elegant dhe i thjesht\u00eb. Nuk ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht. Fakti vet\u00eb se i gjith\u00eb punimi i protokollit kryhet me rreth nj\u00ebqind rreshta kodi tregon se sa mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb menduar.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb figur\u00ebn e ardhshme tregohen veprimet e aplikacionit kur klienti (shfletuesi) b\u00ebn nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb <code>\/guestbookURL<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5c5e6740419384b7232aeead95db491b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Mekanizmi i funksionimit t\u00eb aplikacionit t\u00eb librit t\u00eb vizitor\u00ebve<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kur ndodhet nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar faqen e librit t\u00eb mysafir\u00ebve, ndodh nj\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar skedarin n\u00eb memorie dhe tri thirrje rrjeti n\u00eb Redis. Skedari i modelit p\u00ebrmban shumic\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmbajtjes HTML p\u00ebr faqen n\u00eb screenshotin lart. Ka gjithashtu mbush\u00ebs t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn dinamike t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes: regjistrime dhe num\u00ebrues vizitor\u00ebsh. Ne i marrim ato nga Redis, i vendosim n\u00eb faqe dhe ia ofrojm\u00eb klientit p\u00ebrmbajtjen e plot\u00eb t\u00eb formuar. Thirrjen e tret\u00eb n\u00eb Redis mund ta evitoni, pasi Redis ktheu nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsit kur rritet. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr serverin ton\u00eb me arkitektur\u00eb asinkrone t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb ngjarje, nj\u00eb sasi e madhe thirrjesh rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prov\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime m\u00ebsimore. K\u00ebshtu, ne e hedhim vler\u00ebn e kthyere nga Redis p\u00ebr numrin e vizitor\u00ebve dhe e k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb thirrje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h1>Arkitekturat Serveri ZeroHTTPd<\/h1>\n<p>\nNe nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb shtat\u00eb versione t\u00eb ZeroHTTPd me funksionalitet t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, por me arkitektura t\u00eb ndryshme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Iterative\n<\/li>\n<li>Server Fork (nj\u00eb proces i vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr thirrje)\n<\/li>\n<li>Server Pre-fork (forkim i p\u00ebrparsh\u00ebm i proceseve)\n<\/li>\n<li>Server me fije ekzekutimi (nj\u00eb fije p\u00ebr thirrje)\n<\/li>\n<li>Server me krijim t\u00eb p\u00ebrparsh\u00ebm t\u00eb fijeve\n<\/li>\n<li>Arkitektura e bazuar n\u00eb <code>poll()<\/code>\n<\/li>\n<li>Arkitektura e bazuar n\u00eb <code>epoll<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNe masim performanc\u00ebn e \u00e7do arkitekture duke ngarkuar serverin me k\u00ebrkesa HTTP. Por gjat\u00eb krahasimit t\u00eb arkitekturave me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb paralelizmi, numri i k\u00ebrkesave rritet. Ne testojm\u00eb tri her\u00eb dhe llogarisim mesataren.<\/p>\n<h1>Metodologjia e testimit<\/h1>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/aa4f337b6e90fa032fbef5374fac8f53.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konfigurimi p\u00ebr testimin e ngarkes\u00ebs ZeroHTTPd<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb testeve, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt t\u00eb mos punojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, sistemi operativ ka ngarkesa shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr planifikimin, pasi komponent\u00ebt garojn\u00eb p\u00ebr CPU. Matja e ngarkesave t\u00eb sistemit operativ me secil\u00ebn nga arkitekturat e zgjedhura t\u00eb server\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga q\u00ebllimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ushtrimi. Shtimi i m\u00eb shum\u00eb variablave do t\u00eb jet\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsi p\u00ebr procesin. Prandaj, konfigurimi n\u00eb figur\u00ebn e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme funksionon m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7far\u00eb b\u00ebn secili prej k\u00ebtyre server\u00ebve<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>load.unixism.net: k\u00ebtu ne ekzekutojm\u00eb <code>ab<\/code>, utilitarin Apache Benchmark. Ai gjeneron ngarkes\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr testimin e arkitekturave tona t\u00eb server\u00ebve.\n<\/li>\n<li>nginx.unixism.net: ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ne duam t\u00eb ekzekutojm\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb instanc\u00eb t\u00eb programit server. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, serveri Nginx me cil\u00ebsimet e duhura funksionon si nj\u00eb balancues ngarkese p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga <i>ab<\/i> proceset tona serverike.\n<\/li>\n<li>zerohttpd.unixism.net: k\u00ebtu ne ekzekutojm\u00eb programet tona serverike n\u00eb shtat\u00eb arkitektura t\u00eb ndryshme, nj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb.\n<\/li>\n<li>redis.unixism.net: n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb server punon demon i Redis, ku ruhen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb librin e vizitor\u00ebve dhe numri i vizitor\u00ebve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nT\u00eb gjith\u00eb server\u00ebt punojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb procesori. Ideja \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb performanc\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb secil\u00ebs nga arkitekturat. Duke qen\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha programet serverike testohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb baza e krahasimit t\u00eb tyre. Instala ime e testimit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga servera virtual\u00eb, t\u00eb marr\u00eb me qira nga Digital Ocean.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7far\u00eb po masim?<\/h3>\n<p>\nMund t\u00eb matim tregues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Ne vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e secil\u00ebs arkitektur\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konfigurim duke ngarkuar server\u00ebt me k\u00ebrkesa n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme paralelisme: ngarkesa rritet nga 20 n\u00eb 15,000 p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<h1>Rezultatet e testeve<\/h1>\n<p>\nN\u00eb diagramin e ardhsh\u00ebm tregohet performanca e server\u00ebve n\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme paralelisme. N\u00eb boshtin y \u2014 numri i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb, n\u00eb boshtin x \u2014 lidhjet paralel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/3415bcfb66503152d644130f68bd19da.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/ba457b671eb758f3226e0eeafaadc6aa.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Performanca e aplikacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Linux. Hyrje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/aea06856d61d4d4bdda9814c53a28d4a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb me rezultatet.<\/p>\n<p> k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb <\/p>\n<p><strong>paralelizmi<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>iterativ<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>fork<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>prefork<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>threading<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>pre-threading<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>poll<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>epoll<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>20<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n112<br \/>\n2100<br \/>\n1800<br \/>\n2250<br \/>\n1900<br \/>\n2050<\/p>\n<p>50<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n190<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n1700<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n2000<br \/>\n2000<\/p>\n<p>100<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n245<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n1700<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n2150<br \/>\n2100<\/p>\n<p>200<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n330<br \/>\n2300<br \/>\n1750<br \/>\n2300<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n2100<\/p>\n<p>300<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n380<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n1800<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n2250<br \/>\n2150<\/p>\n<p>400<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n410<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n1750<br \/>\n2600<br \/>\n2000<br \/>\n2000<\/p>\n<p>500<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n440<br \/>\n2300<br \/>\n1850<br \/>\n2700<br \/>\n1900<br \/>\n2212<\/p>\n<p>600<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n460<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n1800<br \/>\n2500<br \/>\n1700<br \/>\n2519<\/p>\n<p>700<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n460<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n1600<br \/>\n2490<br \/>\n1550<br \/>\n2607<\/p>\n<p>800<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n460<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n1600<br \/>\n2540<br \/>\n1400<br \/>\n2553<\/p>\n<p>900<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n460<br \/>\n2300<br \/>\n1600<br \/>\n2472<br \/>\n1200<br \/>\n2567<\/p>\n<p>1000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n475<br \/>\n2300<br \/>\n1700<br \/>\n2485<br \/>\n1150<br \/>\n2439<\/p>\n<p>1500<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n490<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n1550<br \/>\n2620<br \/>\n900<br \/>\n2479<\/p>\n<p>2000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n350<br \/>\n2400<br \/>\n1400<br \/>\n2396<br \/>\n550<br \/>\n2200<\/p>\n<p>2500<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n280<br \/>\n2100<br \/>\n1300<br \/>\n2453<br \/>\n490<br \/>\n2262<\/p>\n<p>3000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n280<br \/>\n1900<br \/>\n1250<br \/>\n2502<br \/>\nshp\u00ebrndarje e madhe<br \/>\n2138<\/p>\n<p>5000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\nshp\u00ebrndarje e madhe<br \/>\n1600<br \/>\n1100<br \/>\n2519<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2235<\/p>\n<p>8000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n1200<br \/>\nshp\u00ebrndarje e madhe<br \/>\n2451<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2100<\/p>\n<p>10\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\nshp\u00ebrndarje e madhe<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2200<\/p>\n<p>11\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2200<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n2122<\/p>\n<p>12\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n970<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n1958<\/p>\n<p>13\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n730<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n1897<\/p>\n<p>14\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n590<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n1466<\/p>\n<p>15\u00a0000<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n532<br \/>\n\u2013<br \/>\n1281<\/p>\n<p>\nNga grafiku dhe tabelat duket se mbi 8000 k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm ne kemi vet\u00ebm dy lojtar\u00eb: prefork dhe epoll. Me rritjen e ngarkes\u00ebs, serveri n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb poll punon m\u00eb dob\u00ebt se threading. Arkitektura me krijim t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar t\u00eb thread-ve ofron nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb t\u00eb dinjitetshme p\u00ebr epoll: kjo d\u00ebshmon se sa mir\u00eb b\u00ebrthama Linux planifikon nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh thread-esh.<\/p>\n<h1>Kodi burimor ZeroHTTPd<\/h1>\n<p>\nKodi burimor ZeroHTTPd <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/shuveb\/zerohttpd\">k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebr \u00e7do arkitektur\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta katalog.<\/p>\n<pre>ZeroHTTPd\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 01_iterative\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 02_forking\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 03_preforking\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 04_threading\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 05_prethreading\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 06_poll\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 07_epoll\n\u2502    \u2514\u2500\u2500 main.c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 Makefile\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 public\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 index.html\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 tux.png\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 templates\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 guestbook\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 index.html<\/pre>\n<p>\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 shtat\u00eb direktorive p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha arkitekturat, n\u00eb katalogun e nivelit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm ka edhe dy t\u00eb tjera: public dhe templates. N\u00eb t\u00eb parin ndodhet skedari index.html dhe imazhi nga screenshot-i i par\u00eb. Aty mund t\u00eb vendosen skedar\u00eb dhe dosje t\u00eb tjera, dhe ZeroHTTPd duhet t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb pa problem k\u00ebto skedar\u00eb statik\u00eb. N\u00ebse rruga n\u00eb shfletues p\u00ebrputhet me rrug\u00ebn n\u00eb dosjen public, at\u00ebher\u00eb ZeroHTTPd k\u00ebrkon skedarin index.html n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb katalog. P\u00ebrmbajtja e librit t\u00eb mysafir\u00ebve krijohet dinamikisht. Ka vet\u00ebm faqen kryesore, dhe p\u00ebrmbajtja e saj bazohet n\u00eb skedarin 'templates\/guestbook\/index.html'. N\u00eb ZeroHTTPd \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb shtohen faqe dinamike p\u00ebr zgjerim. Ideja \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit mund t\u00eb shtojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb katalog shabllone dhe t\u00eb zgjedhin ZeroHTTPd sipas nevoj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar t\u00eb shtat\u00eb server\u00ebt, startoni <code>make all<\/code> nga katalogu kryesor \u2014 dhe t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrtimet do t\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb katalog. Skedar\u00ebt ekzekutiv k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb kataloget public dhe templates n\u00eb katalogun nga i cili startohen.<\/p>\n<h1>API i Linux<\/h1>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar informacionin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl artikujsh, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb keni njohuri t\u00eb thella p\u00ebr API-n\u00eb e Linux. Megjithat\u00eb, rekomandoj t\u00eb lexoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb burime referuese n\u00eb internet. Megjith\u00ebse do t\u00eb trajtojm\u00eb disa kategori t\u00eb API-s\u00eb s\u00eb Linux, v\u00ebmendja jon\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet kryesisht n\u00eb procese, k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, ngjarje dhe stek t\u00eb rrjetit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 librave dhe artikujve mbi API-n\u00eb e Linux, rekomandoj gjithashtu t\u00eb lexoni manualet p\u00ebr thirrjet sistemore dhe funksionet e bibliotecave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren.<\/p>\n<h1>Performanca dhe shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebria<\/h1>\n<p>\nNj\u00eb v\u00ebrejtje p\u00ebr performanc\u00ebn dhe shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb. Teoretikisht nuk ka asnj\u00eb lidhje midis tyre. Mund t\u00eb keni nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim web q\u00eb funksionon shum\u00eb mir\u00eb, me nj\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeje disa milisekonda, por nuk shkall\u00ebzohet fare. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacion web q\u00eb funksionon keq, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon disa sekonda p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur, por shkall\u00ebzohet n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, kombinimi i performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim shum\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm. Aplikacionet me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi p\u00ebrdorin burimet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase dhe, k\u00ebshtu, sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm n\u00eb server, duke ulur kostot.<\/p>\n<h1>Detyrat CPU dhe I\/O<\/h1>\n<p>\nN\u00eb fund, n\u00eb llogaritje ka gjithmon\u00eb dy lloje t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb detyrave: p\u00ebr I\/O dhe CPU. Marrja e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebrmes internetit (input\/output rrjeti), menaxhimi i skedar\u00ebve (input\/output rrjeti dhe disk), komunikimi me baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (input\/output rrjeti dhe disk) - t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb aktivitete I\/O. Disa k\u00ebrkesa ndaj DB mund t\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb pak CPU-n\u00eb (renditja, llogaritja e mesatares t\u00eb nj\u00eb milioni rezultateve etj.). Shumica e aplikacioneve web jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara n\u00eb I\/O-n\u00eb e mundshme maksimale, nd\u00ebrsa procesori rrall\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kapacitetin e tij t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Kur shihni se nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e caktuar e input\/output p\u00ebrdor shum\u00eb CPU, p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e nj\u00eb arkitekture m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe t\u00eb aplikacionit. Kjo mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb se burimet e CPU-s\u00eb po shpenzohen p\u00ebr menaxhimin e proceseve dhe nd\u00ebrrimin e kontekstit - dhe kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e dobishme. N\u00ebse b\u00ebni di\u00e7ka si p\u00ebrpunimi i imazheve, konvertimi i skedar\u00ebve audio ose t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit e makin\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb aplikacioni k\u00ebrkon burime t\u00eb fuqishme CPU. Por p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e aplikacioneve, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h1>M\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi arkitektur\u00ebn e server\u00ebve<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-i-iterative-servers\/\">Pjesa I. Arkitektura iteruese<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-ii-forking-servers\/\">Pjesa II. Server\u00ebt fork<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-iii-preforked-servers\/\">Pjesa III. Server\u00ebt pre-fork<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-iv-threaded-servers\/\">Pjesa IV. Server\u00ebt me rrjedha ekzekutimi<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-v-pre-threaded-servers\/\">Pjesa V. Server\u00ebt me krijim t\u00eb paracaktuar t\u00eb rrjedhave<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-vi-polling-servers\/\">Pjesa VI. Arkitektura e bazuar n\u00eb poll<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/unixism.net\/2019\/04\/28\/linux-applications-performance-part-vii-epoll-servers\/\">Pjesa VII. 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