{"id":35145,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/audio-cherez-bluetooth-maksimalno-podrobno-o-profilyah-kodekah-i-ustrojstvah\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:32","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:32","slug":"audio-cherez-bluetooth-maksimalno-podrobno-o-profilyah-kodekah-i-ustrojstvah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/audio-cherez-bluetooth-maksimalno-podrobno-o-profilyah-kodekah-i-ustrojstvah","title":{"rendered":"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/48eced30a8d5e569e0c70ab4d60c5a9f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb prodhimit n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb smartphone-ve pa jack audio 3.5 mm, kufjet bluetooth pa tela jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00ebnyra kryesore p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar muzik\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar si nj\u00eb kufje p\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz.<br \/>\nProdhuesit e pajisjeve pa tel nuk shkruajn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb specifikime t\u00eb detajuara t\u00eb produktit, dhe artikujt mbi audio Bluetooth n\u00eb internet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb pasakta, dhe nuk tregojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ve\u00e7orit\u00eb, duke kopjuar shpesh t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn informacion t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<br \/>\nT\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb protokollin, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e stack-eve Bluetooth t\u00eb sistemeve operative, kufjet dhe kolonat, kodek\u00ebt Bluetooth p\u00ebr muzik\u00ebn dhe fjal\u00ebn, t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e z\u00ebrit t\u00eb transmetuar dhe vones\u00ebn, dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhim dhe t\u00eb dekodojm\u00eb informacionin mbi kodek\u00ebt e mb\u00ebshtetur dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera t\u00eb pajisjeve.<\/p>\n<p><b>TL;DR<\/b>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SBC \u2014 kodeku standard<\/li>\n<li>Kufjet kan\u00eb EQ t\u00eb tyre dhe pasprocesim p\u00ebr \u00e7do kodek ve\u00e7mas<\/li>\n<li>aptX nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i mir\u00eb sa thon\u00eb njoftimet reklamuese<\/li>\n<li>LDAC \u2014 nj\u00eb produkt marketingu pa substanc\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Cil\u00ebsia e z\u00ebrit gjat\u00eb bisedave ende \u00ebsht\u00eb e ul\u00ebt<\/li>\n<li>Mund t\u00eb integrohen kodek\u00ebt audio n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shfletues n\u00eb C, duke i kompiluar n\u00eb WebAssembly p\u00ebrmes emscripten, dhe ata nuk do t\u00eb ndahen shum\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>Muzika p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth<\/h1>\n<p>Pjesa funksionale e Bluetooth p\u00ebrcaktohet nga profilet \u2014 specifikimet e funksioneve t\u00eb caktuara. Transmetimi i muzik\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth b\u00ebhet duke p\u00ebrdorur profilin p\u00ebr transmetimin e audios s\u00eb nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb A2DP. Standarti A2DP u miratua n\u00eb vitin 2003 dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk ka ndryshuar ndjesh\u00ebm.<br \/>\nN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb profilit, \u00ebsht\u00eb standardizuar 1 kodek i detyruesh\u00ebm me kompleksitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt SBC, i krijuar posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr Bluetooth, dhe 3 t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb shtesave. Gjithashtu lejohet p\u00ebrdorimi i kodek\u00ebve t\u00eb dokumentuar t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb vet.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb gjendje deri n\u00eb qershor 2019, ne jemi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xkcd.com\/927\/\">n\u00eb komikun xkcd<\/a><\/noindex> me 14 kodek\u00eb A2DP:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>SBC<\/b> \u2190 standardizuar n\u00eb A2DP, mb\u00ebshtetet nga t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet<\/li>\n<li><b>MPEG-1\/2 Layer 1\/2\/3<\/b> \u2190 t\u00eb standardizuar n\u00eb A2DP: t\u00eb njohur nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MP3\">MP3<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb TV digjital <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II\">MP2<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe t\u00eb panjohur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I\">MP1<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><b>MPEG-2\/4 AAC<\/b> \u2190 t\u00eb standardizuar n\u00eb A2DP<\/li>\n<li><b>ATRAC<\/b> \u2190 nj\u00eb kodek i vjet\u00ebr nga Sony, i standardizuar n\u00eb A2DP<\/li>\n<li><b>LDAC<\/b> \u2190 nj\u00eb kodek i ri nga Sony<\/li>\n<li><b>aptX<\/b> \u2190 kodek nga viti 1988<\/li>\n<li><b>aptX HD<\/b> \u2190 e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb si aptX, vet\u00ebm me parametra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb kodimit<\/li>\n<li><b>aptX Low Latency<\/b> \u2190 nj\u00eb kodek krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr, pa implementim softuerik<\/li>\n<li><b>aptX Adaptive<\/b> \u2190 nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kodek nga Qualcomm<\/li>\n<li><b>FastStream<\/b> \u2190 nj\u00eb pseudo kodek, modifikim dyansh\u00ebm i SBC<\/li>\n<li><b>HWA LHDC<\/b> \u2190 kodik i ri nga Huawei<\/li>\n<li><b>Samsung HD<\/b> \u2190 mb\u00ebshtetet nga 2 pajisje<\/li>\n<li><b>Samsung Scalable<\/b> \u2190 mb\u00ebshtetet nga 2 pajisje<\/li>\n<li><b>Samsung UHQ-BT<\/b> \u2190 mb\u00ebshtetet nga 3 pajisje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pse jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme kodik\u00ebt, mund t\u00eb pyesni, kur n\u00eb Bluetooth ka EDR, i cili lejon transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me shpejt\u00ebsi 2 dhe 3 Mbit\/s, dhe p\u00ebr PCM dykanal\u00ebsh 16-bit t\u00eb pa kompresuar, mjafton 1.4 Mbit\/s?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth<\/h1>\n<p>N\u00eb Bluetooth ekzistojn\u00eb dy tipe transmetimi: Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL) p\u00ebr transmetim asinkron pa krijuar nj\u00eb lidhje, dhe Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO), p\u00ebr transmetim sinkron me miratimin paraprak t\u00eb lidhjes.<br \/>\nTransmetimi realizohet duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb skem\u00eb ndarje kohe dhe zgjedhje kanal p\u00ebr \u00e7do paket\u00eb ve\u00e7mas (Frequency-Hop\/Time-Division-Duplex, FH\/TDD), p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin koha ndahet n\u00eb intervale 625-mikrosekond\u00ebs, t\u00eb quajtur slot. Nj\u00ebra nga pajisjet kryen transmetimin n\u00eb numra t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb slot\u00ebve, t\u00eb tjetra n\u00eb numra t\u00eb \u00e7rregullt. Paketa e transmetuar mund t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb 1, 3 ose 5 slot\u00eb, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe llojit t\u00eb kaluar t\u00eb transmetimit, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast transmetimi nga nj\u00eb pajisje kryhet n\u00eb slot\u00ebt e barabart\u00eb dhe ata t\u00eb \u00e7rregullt deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb transmetimit. Maksimalisht, n\u00eb sekond\u00eb mund t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb dhe d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1600 paketa, n\u00ebse \u00e7do nj\u00ebri z\u00eb 1 slot, dhe t\u00eb dy pajisjet q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb vazhdimisht duke transmetuar dhe pranuar di\u00e7ka.<\/p>\n<p>2 dhe 3 Mbit\/s p\u00ebr EDR, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb hasen n\u00eb shpallje dhe n\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb Bluetooth, jan\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia maksimale e kanalit p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb gjitha s\u00eb bashku (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb titujt teknik\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb protokolleve, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat duhen inkapsuluar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat), n\u00eb dy drejtime nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh. Shpejt\u00ebsia e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr transmetimin e muzik\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb metod\u00eb asinkrone, pothuajse gjithmon\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e paketeve t\u00eb tipit 2-DH5 dhe 3-DH5, t\u00eb cilat bartin sasin\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb modin EDR 2 Mbit\/s dhe 3 Mbit\/s p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, dhe z\u00ebn\u00eb 5 slot\u00eb n\u00eb ndarjen e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb transmetimit.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb ilust\u00ebrim i thjesht\u00eb i transmetimit duke p\u00ebrdorur 5 slot\u00eb nga nj\u00eb pajisje dhe 1 slot nga tjetra (DH5\/DH1):<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/e5875cb59648c349a63c8e7196e9afbf.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb parimit t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb val\u00ebve sipas koh\u00ebs, ne jemi t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb presim nj\u00eb koh\u00eb skinfo t\u00eb 625 mikrosekondave pas d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb paket\u00ebs, n\u00ebse pajisja e dyta nuk na d\u00ebrgon asgj\u00eb ose d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00ebse pajisja e dyta d\u00ebrgon paketa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00ebse m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb pajisje \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me telefonin (p.sh., kufje, or\u00eb dhe shirit fitness), at\u00ebher\u00eb koha e d\u00ebrgimit ndahet midis t\u00eb gjitha atyre.<\/p>\n<p>Nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkapsuluar audio n\u00eb protokolle t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb transportit L2CAP dhe AVDTP merr 16 byte nga sasia maksimale e mundshme e ngarkes\u00ebs audio q\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet.<\/p>\n<p>Lloji i paket\u00ebs<br \/>\nNumri i skotave<br \/>\nMax. numri i byte-ve n\u00eb paket\u00eb<br \/>\nMax. numri i byte-ve t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs A2DP<br \/>\nMax. bitrate-i i ngarkes\u00ebs A2DP<\/p>\n<p>2-DH3<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n367<br \/>\n351<br \/>\n936 kbit\/s<\/p>\n<p>3-DH3<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n552<br \/>\n536<br \/>\n1429 kbit\/s<\/p>\n<p>2-DH5<br \/>\n5<br \/>\n679<br \/>\n663<br \/>\n1414 kbit\/s<\/p>\n<p>3-DH5<br \/>\n5<br \/>\n1021<br \/>\n1005<br \/>\n2143 kbit\/s<\/p>\n<p>1414 dhe 1429 kbit\/s nuk jan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar z\u00eb t\u00eb pakomprimuar n\u00eb kushte reale, me nj\u00eb spekt\u00ebr t\u00eb zhurmsh\u00ebm 2.4 GHz dhe nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna sh\u00ebrbimi. EDR 3 mbit\/s \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkues p\u00ebr fuqin\u00eb e transmetimit dhe zhurmat n\u00eb eter, prandaj, edhe n\u00eb modin 3-DH5, transmetimi i rehatsh\u00ebm PCM \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur, do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme dhe gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej disa metrash.<br \/>\nN\u00eb praktik\u00eb, madje edhe nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb audio 990 kbit\/s (LDAC 990 kbit\/s) d\u00ebrgohet me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb kthehemi te kodek\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<h2>SBC<\/h2>\n<p>Kodeku, i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin standardin A2DP. Kodeku m\u00eb i mir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i keq n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Frekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBith\u00ebsia<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p>16, 32, 44.1, 48 kHz<br \/>\n16 bit<br \/>\n10-1500 kbit\/s<br \/>\nT\u00eb gjitha pajisjet<br \/>\nT\u00eb gjitha pajisjet<\/p>\n<p>SBC \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kodek i thjesht\u00eb dhe i shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb llogaritje, me nj\u00eb model psikoinstiktiv primitive (p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm maskimi i tingujve t\u00eb qet\u00eb), q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor modulimin adaptiv t\u00eb impulsit t\u00eb koduar (APCM).<br \/>\nSpecifikimi A2DP rekomandon p\u00ebrdorimin e dy profilesh: Cil\u00ebsia Mesatare dhe Cil\u00ebsia e Lart\u00eb.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/8939e552a23374228289a9686f4d1048.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKodeku ka shum\u00eb parametra q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb menaxhimin e vones\u00ebs algoritemike, numrin e mostrave n\u00eb bllok, algoritmin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb bit\u00ebve, por pothuajse gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat parametra t\u00eb rekomanduara n\u00eb specifikim: Joint Stereo, 8 grupe frekuencash, 16 bllok\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr audio, m\u00ebnyra e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb bit\u00ebve Loudness.<br \/>\nSBC mb\u00ebshtet ndryshimin dinamik t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb Bitpool, i cili ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb bitratin. N\u00ebse transmetimi radio \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbushur, pakot humbasin, ose pajisjet jan\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, burimi i audios mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb Bitpool derisa lidhja t\u00eb normalizohet.<\/p>\n<p>Prodhuesit e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb kufjeve vendosin vler\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb Bitpool n\u00eb 53, e cila kufizon bitratin n\u00eb 328 kilobit p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb kur p\u00ebrdoret profili i rekomanduar.<br \/>\nEdhe n\u00ebse prodhuesi i kufjeve ka vendosur vler\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb Bitpool mbi 53 (modele t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull: Beats Solo\u00b3, JBL Everest Elite 750NC, Apple AirPods, gjithashtu ndodh n\u00eb disa receivere dhe pajisje kryesore automobilistike), shumica e sistemeve operative nuk lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e bitrat\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb stekat Bluetooth.<br \/>\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, disa prodhues caktuan nj\u00eb vler\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb Bitpool p\u00ebr disa pajisje. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr Bluedio T ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb 39, p\u00ebr Samsung Gear IconX \u2014 37, q\u00eb jep cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb dob\u00ebt zvuku.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizimet artificiale nga zhvilluesit e stekave Bluetooth, me shum\u00eb gjasa, kan\u00eb lindur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb moskompatibilitetit t\u00eb disa pajisjeve me vlera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha Bitpool ose profileve jo tipike, edhe n\u00ebse ata raportuan p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb tyre, dhe numrit t\u00eb pamjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb testeve gjat\u00eb certifikimit. Autor\u00ebt e stekave Bluetooth e kishin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb nivelin e profilit t\u00eb rekomanduar, sesa t\u00eb krijonin databaza p\u00ebr pajisjet e pap\u00ebrshtatshme (edhe pse tani po e b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr funksione t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb nuk funksionojn\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet).<\/p>\n<p>SBC ndan dinamik bitet e kuantizimit p\u00ebr bandat frekuencore, duke vepruar nga t\u00eb ul\u00ebtat n\u00eb t\u00eb lartat, me koeficient\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm peshe. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bitrat p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr frekuencat e ul\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb mesme, frekuencat e larta \"do t\u00eb prishen\" (n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tyre do t\u00eb ket\u00eb heshtje).<\/p>\n<p>Shembulli SBC 328 kbps. M\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u2014 origjinali, m\u00eb posht\u00eb \u2014 SBC, ndodhin nd\u00ebrrime midis pistave. P\u00ebr audion n\u00eb skedarin video p\u00ebrdoret kodeku me kompresim pa humbje FLAC. P\u00ebrdorimi i FLAC n\u00eb kontejnerin mp4 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb standardizuar zyrtarisht, prandaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt q\u00eb shfletuesi juaj do ta luaj\u00eb at\u00eb, por duhet t\u00eb punoj\u00eb n\u00eb versionet e fundit t\u00eb Chrome dhe Firefox desktop. N\u00ebse nuk keni z\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shkarkoni skedarin dhe ta hapni n\u00eb nj\u00eb player video funksional.<br \/>\n<video controls style=\"top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;\">Shfletuesi juaj nuk mb\u00ebshtet video HTML5.<source src=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/8yrssu.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><i>ZZ Top \u2014 Sharp Dressed Man<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb spektrogram, shihet momenti i kalimit: SBC her\u00eb pas here prer\u00eb tingujt e qet\u00eb mbi 17.5 kHz dhe nuk ndan fare bita p\u00ebr band\u00ebn mbi 20 kHz. Spektrogrami i plot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm me nj\u00eb klikim (1.7 MB).<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/qj\/i7\/4w\/qji74wrphaigw3qtza6nepvur50.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/c59aa3f6eff4c4d966a4c96868dd7e00.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Nuk d\u00ebgjoj ndonj\u00eb ndryshim midis origjinalit dhe SBC n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje.<\/p>\n<p>Merrni di\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb re dhe simuloni audion q\u00eb do t\u00eb resultonte duke p\u00ebrdorur kufjet Samsung Gear IconX me Bitpool 37 (n\u00eb krye - sinjali origjinal, n\u00eb fund - SBC 239 kbps, tingulli n\u00eb FLAC).<br \/>\n<video controls style=\"top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;\">Shfletuesi juaj nuk mb\u00ebshtet video HTML5.<source src=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/r561g5.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><i>Mindless Self Indulgence \u2014 Witness<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u00ebgjoj krisje, efekt m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl stereo dhe nj\u00eb \u2018cok\u00eb\u2019 t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme vokali n\u00eb frekuencat e larta.<\/p>\n<p>Megjith\u00ebse SBC \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kodek shum\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl, mund t\u00eb konfigurohet p\u00ebr vonesa t\u00eb ulta, ofron cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer audio n\u00eb bitrate t\u00eb larta (452+ kbps) dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb Standardin High Quality (328 kbps). Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se standardi A2DP nuk p\u00ebrcakton profile fikse (por jep vet\u00ebm rekomandime); zhvilluesit e stek\u00ebve vendos\u00ebn kufizime artificiale n\u00eb Bitpool, parametrat e audios s\u00eb transmetuar nuk shfaqen n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e p\u00ebrdoruesit, dhe prodhuesit e kufjeve kan\u00eb lirin\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin cil\u00ebsimet e tyre dhe nuk e citojn\u00eb kurr\u00eb vler\u00ebn e Bitpool n\u00eb karakteristikat teknike t\u00eb produktit. Ky kodek \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb i njohur p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb tingullit, megjith\u00ebse kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i kodekut si i till\u00eb.<br \/>\nParametri Bitpool ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb bitrate vet\u00ebm brenda nj\u00eb profili t\u00eb caktuar. E nj\u00ebjta vler\u00eb Bitpool 53 mund t\u00eb jap\u00eb edhe bitrate 328 kbps n\u00eb profilin e rekomanduar High Quality dhe 1212 kbps me Dual Channel dhe 4 banda frekuencash, prandaj autor\u00ebt e OS-s\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kufizimeve n\u00eb Bitpool, vendosin gjithashtu nj\u00eb kufizim n\u00eb Bitrate. Si\u00e7 e shoh un\u00eb, kjo situat\u00eb ka lindur nga nj\u00eb mosfunksionim i standardit A2DP: duhej t\u00eb ishte marr\u00eb parasysh bitrate, jo Bitpool.<\/p>\n<p>Tabela e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e SBC n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme operative:<\/p>\n<p>OS<br \/>\nT\u00eb sapo mb\u00ebshteturat frekuenca e mostra<br \/>\nKufizimi maksimal i Bitpool<br \/>\nKufizimi maksimal i Bitrate<br \/>\nBitrate tipik<br \/>\nRregullimi dinamik i Bitpool<\/p>\n<p><b>Windows 10<\/b><br \/>\n44.1 kHz<br \/>\n53<br \/>\n512 kbps<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n\u2713*<\/p>\n<p><b>Linux (BlueZ + PulseAudio)<\/b><br \/>\n16, 32, 44.1, 48 kHz<br \/>\n64 (n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ardhshme), 53 (n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb dalshme)<br \/>\nNuk ka kufizim<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n\u2713*<\/p>\n<p><b>macOS High Sierra<\/b><br \/>\n44.1 kHz<br \/>\n64, n\u00eb parazgjedhje 53***<br \/>\nE panjohur<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n\u2717<\/p>\n<p><b>Android 4.4-9<\/b><br \/>\n44.1\/48 kHz**<br \/>\n53<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n\u2717<\/p>\n<p><b>Android 4.1-4.3.1<\/b><br \/>\n44.1, 48 kHz**<br \/>\n53<br \/>\n229 kbps<br \/>\n229 kbps<br \/>\n\u2717<\/p>\n<p><b>Blackberry OS 10<\/b><br \/>\n48 kHz<br \/>\n53<br \/>\nNuk ka kufizim<br \/>\n328 kbps<br \/>\n\u2717<\/p>\n<p><i><b>*<\/b> Bitpool vet\u00ebm zvog\u00eblohet, por nuk rritet automatikisht, n\u00eb rast se kushtet e transmetimit p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohen. P\u00ebr t\u00eb rikuperuar Bitpool, duhet t\u00eb ndaloni riprodhimin, t\u00eb prisni disa sekonda dhe pastaj t\u00eb filloni p\u00ebrs\u00ebri audio-n.<br \/>\n<b>**<\/b> Vlera e parazgjedhur varet nga cil\u00ebsimet e stack-ut, t\u00eb caktuara gjat\u00eb kompilimit t\u00eb firmware-it. N\u00eb Android 8\/8.1 frekuenca \u00ebsht\u00eb ose 44.1 kHz ose 48 kHz, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve gjat\u00eb kompilimit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb versionet e tjera mb\u00ebshteten 44.1 kHz dhe 48 kHz nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.<br \/>\n<b>***<\/b> Vlera e Bitpool-it mund t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb programin Bluetooth Explorer.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>aptX dhe aptX HD<\/h2>\n<p>aptX \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kodek i thjesht\u00eb dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, pa psikoodistik\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor modulimin e diferenc\u00ebs adaptiv\u00eb impulsive-n\u00eb-kodim (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F\">ADPCM<\/a><\/noindex>). U shfaq rreth vitit 1988 (data e paraqitjes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP0398973B1\/en\">patenti<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb e datuar n\u00eb shkurt 1988), p\u00ebrpara Bluetooth-it \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur kryesisht n\u00eb pajisje profesioniste t\u00eb audios wireless. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb e kompanis\u00eb Qualcomm, k\u00ebrkon licencim dhe tarifa licencimi. Sipas gjendjes n\u00eb vitin 2014: $6000 nj\u00eb her\u00eb dhe \u2248$1 p\u00ebr \u00e7do pajisje, p\u00ebr grupe deri n\u00eb 10000 pajisje (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silabs.com\/documents\/login\/presentations\/Developing-Bluetooth-Audio.pdf\">burimi<\/a><\/noindex>, fq. 16).<br \/>\naptX dhe aptX HD jan\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta kodek, me profile t\u00eb ndryshme kodimi.<\/p>\n<p>Kodeku ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb parameter - zgjedhjen e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb kampionimit. Ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb zgjedhje p\u00ebr numrin\/mode-in e kanaleve, por n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet q\u00eb njoh (70+ cop\u00eb), mb\u00ebshtetet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht vet\u00ebm Stereo.<\/p>\n<p>Kodek<br \/>\nFrekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBith\u00ebsia<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p><b>aptX<\/b><br \/>\n16, 32, 44.1, 48 kHz<br \/>\n16 bit<br \/>\n128 \/ 256 \/ 352 \/ 384 kbit\/s (var\u00ebsisht nga frekuenca e kampionimit)<br \/>\nWindows 10 (desktop dhe mobil), macOS, Android 4.4+\/7*, Blackberry OS 10<br \/>\nMe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb gjer\u00eb pajisjesh audio (harduerik)<\/p>\n<p><i><b>*<\/b> Versionet deri n\u00eb 7 k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb modifikimin e stack-ut Bluetooth. Kodeku mb\u00ebshtetet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse prodhuesi i pajisjes Android ka licencuar p\u00ebrdorimin e kodekut nga Qualcomm (n\u00ebse n\u00eb OS ka biblioteka kodimi).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>aptX ndan audion n\u00eb 4 banda frekuencash dhe kuantizon ato me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin num\u00ebr bit\u00ebsh vazhdimisht: 8 bit p\u00ebr 0-5.5 kHz, 4 bit p\u00ebr 5.5-11 kHz, 2 bit p\u00ebr 11-16.5 kHz, 2 bit p\u00ebr 16.5-22 kHz (numrat p\u00ebr frekuenc\u00ebn e kampionimit 44.1 kHz).<\/p>\n<p>Shembujt e audios aptX (lart - sinjali origjinal, posht\u00eb - aptX, spektrogramet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr kanalet e majta, z\u00ebri n\u00eb FLAC):<br \/>\n<video controls style=\"top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;\">Shfletuesi juaj nuk mb\u00ebshtet video HTML5.<source src=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/06eohy.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><br \/>\nFrekuencat e sip\u00ebrme u b\u00ebn\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe, por dallimi nuk d\u00ebgjohet.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes fikse t\u00eb bit\u00ebve t\u00eb kuantizimit, kodeku nuk mund \"t\u00eb transferoj\u00eb bit\u00ebt\" n\u00eb ato frekuenca q\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr to. Ndryshe nga SBC, aptX nuk do t\u00eb \"prer\u00eb\" frekuencat, por do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb n\u00eb to zhurma kuantizimi, duke zvog\u00ebluar dinamik\u00ebn e audios.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk duhet t\u00eb mendohet se p\u00ebrdorimi, p\u00ebr shembull, i 2 bit\u00ebve p\u00ebr brez zvog\u00eblon dinamik\u00ebn e audios n\u00eb 12 dB: ADPCM lejon p\u00ebrdorimin deri n\u00eb 96 dB dinamik\u00eb, edhe kur p\u00ebrdoren 2 bit kuantizimi, por vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb sinjali t\u00eb caktuar.<br \/>\nADPCM ruan ndryshimin e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit numerik nd\u00ebrmjet mostr\u00ebs aktuale dhe asaj tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb vler\u00ebs absolute, si n\u00eb PCM. Kjo lejon t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohen k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr numrin e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn informacion (pa humbje) ose praktikisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin (me nj\u00eb gabim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebrblimi). P\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar gabimet e p\u00ebrblimit, p\u00ebrdoren tabela koeficientesh.<br \/>\nKur u krijua kodeku, autor\u00ebt llogarit\u00ebn koeficient\u00ebt ADPCM mbi nj\u00eb grup skedar\u00ebsh muzikor\u00eb. Sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr t\u00eb jet\u00eb sinjali audio k\u00ebtij grupi muzikor, aq m\u00eb pak gabime kuantizimi (zulm) shkakton aptX.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, testet sintetike gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb japin rezultat m\u00eb t\u00eb keq se muzika. Kam b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull sintetik t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin aptX tregon rezultate t\u00eb dob\u00ebta \u2014 nj\u00eb sinusoid me frekuenc\u00eb 12.4 kHz (sip\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb sinjali origjinal, posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aptX. Z\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb FLAC. Zvog\u00ebloni volumet!):<br \/>\n<video controls style=\"top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;\">Shfletuesi juaj nuk mb\u00ebshtet video HTML5.<source src=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/kterhd.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><br \/>\nGrafiku i spektrit:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/94ecbf4a6f93b6ca85ca997e2be453ad.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZhurmat d\u00ebgjohen qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse gjenerohet nj\u00eb sinusoid me nj\u00eb amplitud\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e qet\u00eb, zhurmat gjithashtu do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb qeta, gj\u00eb q\u00eb tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gam\u00eb dinamike t\u00eb gjer\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/64d0a3f41c152f5f4d01230722fc197a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar ndryshimin midis k\u00ebng\u00ebs origjinale muzikore dhe asaj t\u00eb kompresuar, mund t\u00eb invertohet nj\u00eb nga sinjalet dhe t\u00eb shtohen k\u00ebng\u00ebt kanaleve. Ky qasje, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar dhe nuk do t\u00eb jepte nj\u00eb rezultat t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm me kodek\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar, por konkretisht p\u00ebr ADPCM \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e p\u00ebrshtatshme.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/leq24q.flac\">Ndryshimi midis origjinalit dhe aptX<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMesatarja katrore e diferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb sinjaleve \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin -37.4 dB, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb muzik\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar.<\/p>\n<h3>aptX HD<\/h3>\n<p>aptX HD nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kodek dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb profil t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kodimi p\u00ebr kodekun aptX. Ndryshimet prekin numrin e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb dedikuar p\u00ebr kodimin e intervaleve t\u00eb frekuencave: 10 bit p\u00ebr 0-5.5 kHz, 6 bit p\u00ebr 5.5-11 kHz, 4 bit p\u00ebr 11-16.5 kHz, 4 bit p\u00ebr 16.5-22 kHz (numrat p\u00ebr 44.1 kHz).<\/p>\n<p>Kodek<br \/>\nFrekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBith\u00ebsia<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p><b>aptX HD<\/b><br \/>\n16, 32, 44.1, 48 kHz<br \/>\n24 bit<br \/>\n192 \/ 384 \/ 529 \/ 576 kbit\/s (var\u00ebsisht nga frekuenca e mostra)<br \/>\nAndroid 8+*<br \/>\nDisa pajisje audio (harduerike)<\/p>\n<p><i><b>*<\/b> Versionet deri n\u00eb 7 k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb modifikimin e stack-ut Bluetooth. Kodeku mb\u00ebshtetet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse prodhuesi i pajisjes Android ka licencuar p\u00ebrdorimin e kodekut nga Qualcomm (n\u00ebse n\u00eb OS ka biblioteka kodimi).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pak e p\u00ebrhapur se aptX: duket se k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb licencim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb nga Qualcomm, si dhe shuma t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta licencimi.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim shembullin me nj\u00eb sinusoid\u00eb n\u00eb 12.4 kHz:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/fe4f8d91dcbc39af881129a9c78ca453.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u00ebrtet m\u00eb e mir\u00eb se me aptX, por p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e zhurmshme.<\/p>\n<h2>aptX Low Latency<\/h2>\n<p>Nj\u00eb kodek nga Qualcomm, q\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me standartet aptX dhe aptX HD, sipas informacionit t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar nga njer\u00ebzit e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin e tij. Destinohet p\u00ebr transmetimin interaktiv t\u00eb audios me vones\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (filma, loj\u00ebra), ku vonesa e z\u00ebrit nuk mund t\u00eb rregullohet programatikisht. Nuk ka implementime softueri t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb enkoder\u00ebve dhe dekoder\u00ebve, mb\u00ebshtetet ekskluzivisht nga transmetuesit, marr\u00ebsit, kufjet dhe kolonat, por jo nga smartphone-t dhe kompjuter\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<p>Frekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p>44.1 kHz<br \/>\n276\/420 kbit\/s<br \/>\nDisa transmetues (harduerike)<br \/>\nDisa pajisje audio (harduerike)<\/p>\n<h2>AAC<\/h2>\n<p>AAC, ose Kodimi Avancuar i Z\u00ebrit \u2014 nj\u00eb kodek me kompleksitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb llogarit\u00ebs, me nj\u00eb model psikodinamik t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Ka patur p\u00ebrhapje t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr audio n\u00eb internet, e dyta m\u00eb e njohur pas MP3. K\u00ebrkon licencim dhe shuma licencimi: $15000 nj\u00eb her\u00eb (ose $1000 p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb me m\u00eb pak se 15 punonj\u00ebs) + $0.98 p\u00ebr 500000 pajisje t\u00eb para (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.via-corp.com\/us\/en\/licensing\/aac\/licensefees.html\">burimi<\/a><\/noindex>).<br \/>\nKodeku \u00ebsht\u00eb standardizuar n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikimeve MPEG-2 dhe MPEG-4, dhe p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr nj\u00eb keqkuptimi t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, nuk i p\u00ebrket Apple.<\/p>\n<p>Frekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p>8 \u2014 96 kHz<br \/>\n8 \u2014 576 kbit\/s (p\u00ebr stereo), 256 \u2014 320 kbit\/s (tipike p\u00ebr Bluetooth)<br \/>\nmacOS, Android 7+*, iOS<br \/>\nMe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb gjer\u00eb pajisjesh audio (harduerik)<\/p>\n<p><i><b>*<\/b> vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb cilat prodhuesit e tyre kan\u00eb paguar shuma licencimi<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb iOS dhe macOS p\u00ebrdoret enkoduesi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i Apple AAC, q\u00eb ofron cil\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme audio. N\u00eb Android p\u00ebrdoret enkoduesi i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb Fraunhofer FDK AAC, por mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjithashtu disa harduer\u00eb t\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb platform\u00eb (SoC), me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e kodimit t\u00eb panjohur. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soundguys.com\/the-ultimate-guide-to-bluetooth-headphones-aac-20296\/\">Sipas testeve t\u00eb fundit nga faqja SoundGuys<\/a><\/noindex>, cil\u00ebsia e kodimit AAC nga telefonat Android ndryshon shum\u00eb:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soundguys.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aac-enhanced-view-fr-1200x788.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/7ae72554564f215dc765272065f5c97c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Shumica e pajisjeve audio pa tela p\u00ebr AAC kan\u00eb nj\u00eb bitrate maksimal prej 320 kbps, disa mb\u00ebshtesin vet\u00ebm 256 kbps. Bitratet e tjera takohen shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb.<br \/>\nAAC ofron cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb bitratet 320 dhe 256 kbps, por \u00ebsht\u00eb i ekspozuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Generation_loss\">p\u00ebr humbje t\u00eb kodimit sekondar t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb kompresuar<\/a><\/noindex>, megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh ndonj\u00eb ndryshim me origjinalin n\u00eb iOS me bitrate 256 kbps, madje edhe pas disa kodimeve sekondare; me kodim t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shembull, MP3 320 kbps n\u00eb AAC 256 kbps, humbjet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfillshme.<br \/>\nSi\u00e7 ndodh me codec t\u00eb tjer\u00eb Bluetooth, \u00e7do muzik\u00eb fillimisht dekodohet, pastaj kodifikohet nga codec. Kur d\u00ebgjoni muzik\u00eb n\u00eb format AAC, ajo fillimisht dekodohet nga sistemi operativ dhe m\u00eb pas kodifikohet s\u00ebrish n\u00eb AAC p\u00ebr t'u transmetuar p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb miksuar disa kanale audio, p\u00ebr shembull, muzik\u00ebn dhe njoftimin e mesazhit t\u00eb ri. iOS nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim. N\u00eb internet mund t\u00eb gjesh shum\u00eb pretendime se muzika n\u00eb format AAC nuk transkodohet kur d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>MP1\/2\/3<\/h2>\n<p>Codec e familjes MPEG-1\/2 Part 3 p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb MP3-in e njohur dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gjer\u00ebsisht, MP2-n\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e zakonshme (p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht n\u00eb TV dhe radio dixhitale), dhe MP1-n\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb thuajse e panjohur.<\/p>\n<p>Codec-t\u00eb e vjetra MP1 dhe MP2 nuk mb\u00ebshteten aspak: nuk kam arritur t\u00eb gjej asnj\u00eb kufje dhe asnj\u00eb stek Bluetooth q\u00eb i kodifikon ose dekodifikon ato.<br \/>\nDekodimi i MP3-mb\u00ebshtetet nga disa kufje, por kodimi nuk mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb asnj\u00eb stek t\u00eb sistemeve moderne operative. Duket se steku i pal\u00ebve t\u00eb treta BlueSoleil p\u00ebr Windows mund t\u00eb kodifikoj\u00eb n\u00eb MP3, n\u00ebse ndryshoni me dor\u00eb skedarin e konfigurimit, por instalimi i tij m\u00eb shkakton BSoD n\u00eb Windows 10. Konkluzion \u2013 codec-i nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr audio Bluetooth.<br \/>\nM\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet 2006-2008, para shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb standardit A2DP n\u00eb pajisje, njer\u00ebzit d\u00ebgjonin muzik\u00eb MP3 n\u00eb kufjet Nokia BH-501 p\u00ebrmes programit MSI BluePlayer, i cili ishte i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Symbian dhe Windows Mobile. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, arkitektura e sistemit operativ t\u00eb smartphone-ve lejonte qasje n\u00eb shum\u00eb funksione t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, dhe n\u00eb Windows Mobile madje mund t\u00eb instaloheshin stek\u00eb Bluetooth t\u00eb pal\u00ebve t\u00eb treta.<\/p>\n<p>Patentimi i fundit i codec-it MP3 ka skaduar, p\u00ebrdorimi i codec-it nuk k\u00ebrkon pagesa licencash q\u00eb nga 23 prilli 2017.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>N\u00ebse patenti m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb i p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb referencat e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr merret si mas\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb teknologjia MP3 u b\u00eb e lir\u00eb nga patenti n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara m\u00eb 16 Prill 2017 kur Patenti i SHBA-s\u00eb 6,009,399, e mbajtur dhe administruar nga Technicolor, skadoi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><i>Burimi: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iis.fraunhofer.de\/en\/ff\/amm\/prod\/audiocodec\/audiocodecs\/mp3.html\">www.iis.fraunhofer.de\/en\/ff\/amm\/prod\/audiocodec\/audiocodecs\/mp3.html<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Frekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p>16 \u2014 48 kHz<br \/>\n8 \u2014 320 kbps<br \/>\nNuk mb\u00ebshtetet askund<br \/>\nDisa pajisje audio (harduerike)<\/p>\n<h2>LDAC<\/h2>\n<p>Kodeku i ri dhe aktiv 'Hi-Res' nga Sony, i cili mb\u00ebshtet frekuenca gjenerimi deri n\u00eb 96 kHz dhe 24-bits, me nj\u00eb bitrate deri n\u00eb 990 kbps. Reklamohet si kodek audiophilic, si z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt Bluetooth ekzistues. Ka funksionin e rregullimit dinamik t\u00eb bitrate, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me kushtet e transmetimt.<\/p>\n<p>Encoder LDAC (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/android.googlesource.com\/platform\/external\/libldac\/\">libldac<\/a><\/noindex>) \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb paketimin standard t\u00eb Android, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kodimi mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb \u00e7do smartphone Android q\u00eb nga versioni 8 i OS. Dekoder\u00ebt softuerik n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar, specifikimi i kodekut nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr publikun e gjer\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb mbi koduesin, struktura e brendshme e kodekut \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding#ATRAC9\">ATRAC9<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 kodek nga Sony, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb PlayStation 4 dhe Vita: t\u00eb dy punojn\u00eb n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e frekuencave, p\u00ebrdorin transformimin e modifikuar t\u00eb kosinuseve t\u00eb diskr\u00e9tuara (MDCT) dhe kompresim duke p\u00ebrdorur algoritmin Huffman.<\/p>\n<p>Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr LDAC \u00ebsht\u00eb prezente praktikisht vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kufje nga Sony. Mund\u00ebsia e dekodimit LDAC ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb kufje dhe DAC nga prodhues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, por shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Frekuenca e mostrave<br \/>\nBitrate<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodim<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodim<\/p>\n<p>44.1 \u2014 96 kHz<br \/>\n303\/606\/909 kbps (p\u00ebr 44.1 dhe 88.2 kHz), 330\/660\/990 kbps (p\u00ebr 48 dhe 96 kHz)<br \/>\nAndroid 8+<br \/>\nNga disa kufje Sony dhe disa pajisje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb prodhuesve (hardware)<\/p>\n<p>Marketingu i LDAC si kodek Hi-Res d\u00ebmton p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e tij teknike: \u00ebsht\u00eb e pap\u00eblqyeshme t\u00eb shpenzohet bitrate n\u00eb transmetimin e frekuencave t\u00eb pad\u00ebgjuara nga veshi i njeriut dhe sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb rritur, p\u00ebrderisa nuk mjafton p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar cil\u00ebsin\u00eb CD (44.1\/16) pa humbje. Fatmir\u00ebsisht, kodeku ka dy m\u00ebnyra funksionimi: transmetimi i audios CD dhe transmetimi i audios Hi-Res. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, vet\u00ebm 44.1 kHz\/16 bits transmetohet p\u00ebrmes ajrit.<\/p>\n<p>Duke qen\u00eb se nuk ka dekoder\u00eb LDAC n\u00eb dispozit\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb testohet kodeku pa pajisje shtes\u00eb q\u00eb dekodojn\u00eb LDAC. Sipas rezultateve t\u00eb testit LDAC n\u00eb DAC me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr t\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat inxhinier\u00ebt e faqes SoundGuys.com i lidh\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes daljes digjitale dhe regjistruan tingullin e rezultuar n\u00eb sinjalet testuese, LDAC 660 dhe 990 kbps n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb CD ofron nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie sinjal\/zhurm\u00eb disi m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb se ajo e aptX HD.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soundguys.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/LDAC-990-CD-Noise-Floor.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/819853ab9d92e9631454082ade245628.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Burimi: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soundguys.com\/ldac-ultimate-bluetooth-guide-20026\/\">www.soundguys.com\/ldac-ultimate-bluetooth-guide-20026<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>LDAC gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00eb bitrat dinamik jasht\u00eb profileve t\u00eb vendosur \u2014 nga 138 kbps deri n\u00eb 990 kbps, por, sa di un\u00eb, n\u00eb Android p\u00ebrdoren vet\u00ebm profilet standardizuese 303\/606\/909 dhe 330\/660\/990 kbps.<\/p>\n<h2>Kodek\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb<\/h2>\n<p>Kodek\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb A2DP nuk kan\u00eb fituar popullaritet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Mb\u00ebshtetje e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb ose pothuajse krejt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb munges\u00eb, ose \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb disa modele t\u00eb kufjeve dhe smartphone-ve.<br \/>\nKodeku ATRAC, i standardizuar n\u00eb A2DP, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb si kodek Bluetooth edhe nga vet\u00eb Sony; kodek\u00ebt Samsung HD, Samsung Scalable dhe Samsung UHQ-BT kan\u00eb nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje shum\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar nga pajisjet transmetuese dhe marr\u00ebse, nd\u00ebrsa HWA LHDC \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ri dhe mb\u00ebshtetet nga vet\u00ebm tre(?) pajisje.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt nga pajisjet audio<\/h1>\n<p>Nuk t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhuesit publikojn\u00eb informacionin e sakt\u00eb mbi kodek\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin kufjet, kolonat, receivert ose transmetuesit e tyre t\u00eb pa tel. Disa her\u00eb ndodh q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kodek t\u00eb caktuar \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgim, por jo p\u00ebr marrje (e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr transmetuesit-receivert e kombinuar), megjith\u00ebse prodhuesi thot\u00eb thjesht \"mb\u00ebshtetje\", pa sh\u00ebnime (mendoj se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb licencimit t\u00eb ndar\u00eb t\u00eb koduesve dhe dekoduesve t\u00eb disa kodek\u00ebve). N\u00eb pajisjet m\u00eb t\u00eb lira madje nuk mund t\u00eb gjenet deklarata p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje aptX.<\/p>\n<p>Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemeve operative nuk tregohet asnj\u00ebher\u00eb kodeku q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret. Informacion mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb ekziston vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Android, duke filluar nga versioni 8, dhe n\u00eb macOS. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto OS do t\u00eb shfaqen vet\u00ebm ato kodek\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet si telefoni\/kompjuteri, ashtu dhe kufjet.<\/p>\n<p>Si mund ta zbulojm\u00eb se cil\u00ebt kodek\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet pajisja? T\u00eb regjistrojm\u00eb dhe analizojm\u00eb dump-in e trafikut me parametrat e negociat\u00ebs A2DP!<br \/>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur n\u00eb Linux, macOS dhe Android. N\u00eb Linux mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni Wireshark ose hcidump, n\u00eb macOS \u2014 Bluetooth Explorer, dhe n\u00eb Android \u2014 funksionin standard t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb dump-it Bluetooth HCI, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb mjetet e zhvilluesve. Do t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb dump n\u00eb formatin btsnoop, i cili mund t\u00eb ngarkohet n\u00eb analizuesin Wireshark.<br \/>\n<b>Vini re<\/b>: nj\u00eb dump i sakt\u00eb mund t\u00eb merret vet\u00ebm duke u lidhur me telefonin\/kompjuterin n\u00eb kufje\/kolon\u00eb (\u00e7far\u00ebdo q\u00eb t\u00eb duket kurioz)! Kufjet mund t\u00eb instalohet vet\u00eb lidhja me telefonin, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ato do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb list\u00ebn e kodek\u00ebve nga telefoni, e jo e kund\u00ebrta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb regjistrohet nj\u00eb dump i sakt\u00eb, s\u00eb pari shk\u00ebputni lidhjen me pajisjen, dhe pastaj, gjat\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb dumpit, lidhni telefonin me kufjet.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrdorni filtrin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm t\u00eb shfaqjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb filtruar trafikun e panevojsh\u00ebm:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">btavdtp.signal_id<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Si rezultat, duhet t\u00eb shihni di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/fv\/ku\/xs\/fvkuxsqcdwtxznupploqmldv9qm.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/b598f3282b36d7761c5f4fa63802d57e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb komand\u00ebs GetCapabilities mund t\u00eb klikoni dhe t\u00eb shihni karakteristikat e detajuara t\u00eb kodek\u00ebve.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/7s\/9a\/xa\/7s9axaeztya_dr2irptfi68ejxs.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/e5037fe18ae95ed7f047f4b8b8fcb2c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Wireshark nuk njeh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb identifikuesit e kodek\u00ebve, prandaj disa kodek\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dekriptohen manualisht, duke par\u00eb n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e identifikuesve m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Detyruese:\n0x00 - SBC\n\nOpcionale:\n0x01 - MPEG-1,2 (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb MP3)\n0x02 - MPEG-2,4 (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb AAC)\n0x04 - ATRAC\n\nSpecifike p\u00ebr prodhuesin:\n0xFF 0x004F 0x01   - aptX\n0xFF 0x00D7 0x24   - aptX HD\n0xFF 0x000A 0x02   - aptX Low Latency\n0xFF 0x00D7 0x02   - aptX Low Latency\n0xFF 0x000A 0x01   - FastStream\n0xFF 0x012D 0xAA   - LDAC\n0xFF 0x0075 0x0102 - Samsung HD\n0xFF 0x0075 0x0103 - Samsung Scalable Codec\n0xFF 0x053A 0x484C - Savitech LHDC\n\n0xFF 0x000A 0x0104 - ID i kodek\u00ebve True Wireless Stereo v3 t\u00eb CSR p\u00ebr AAC\n0xFF 0x000A 0x0105 - ID i kodek\u00ebve True Wireless Stereo v3 t\u00eb CSR p\u00ebr MP3\n0xFF 0x000A 0x0106 - ID i kodek\u00ebve True Wireless Stereo v3 t\u00eb CSR p\u00ebr aptX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos analizuar dumpet manualisht, kam krijuar nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb do t\u00eb analizoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka automatikisht: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\">btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Krahasimi i kodek\u00ebve. Cili kodek \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i miri?<\/h1>\n<p>\u00c7do kodek ka avantazhet dhe disavantazhet e tij.<br \/>\naptX dhe aptX HD p\u00ebrdorin profile t\u00eb caktuara fort, t\u00eb cilat nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohen pa modifikimin e koduesit dhe dekoduesit. As prodhuesi i telefonit, as prodhuesi i kufjeve nuk kan\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb bitratin ose koeficient\u00ebt e kodimit t\u00eb aptX. Pronari i kodek\u00ebve, Qualcomm, ofron nj\u00eb kodues referenc\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb biblioteke. K\u00ebto fakte jan\u00eb pika t\u00eb forta t\u00eb aptX \u2014 ju e dini paraprakisht se cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e z\u00ebrit q\u00eb do t\u00eb merrni, pa asnj\u00eb \u201cpor\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>SBC, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ka shum\u00eb opsione t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme, transmetim dinamik t\u00eb bitrates (enkoduesi mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb parametrin bitpool n\u00ebse eteri i radios \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbushur), dhe nuk ka profile t\u00eb caktuara, por vet\u00ebm \"cil\u00ebsi mesatare\" dhe \"cil\u00ebsi e lart\u00eb\", t\u00eb cilat u shtuan n\u00eb specifikimin A2DP n\u00eb vitin 2003. \"Cil\u00ebsi e lart\u00eb\" nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e lart\u00eb sipas standardeve moderne, dhe shumica e grupeve Bluetooth nuk lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e parametrave m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb se n\u00eb profilin \"cil\u00ebsi e lart\u00eb\", megjith\u00ebse nuk ka kufizime teknike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<br \/>\nBluetooth SIG nuk ka nj\u00eb enkoder referenc\u00eb SBC n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb biblioteke, dhe prodhuesit e implementojn\u00eb at\u00eb vet\u00eb.<br \/>\nK\u00ebto jan\u00eb dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e SBC - kurr\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb paraprakisht se \u00e7far\u00eb cil\u00ebsie t\u00eb z\u00ebrit pritet nga nj\u00eb pajisje e caktuar. SBC mund t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, si dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por kjo e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb e paarrishme pa \u00e7aktivizimin ose eliminimin e kufizimeve artificiale t\u00eb grupeve Bluetooth.<\/p>\n<p>Situata me AAC \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb: nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, teorikisht kodeku duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb pandashme nga origjinali, por praktikisht, sipas testeve t\u00eb laboratorit SoundGuys n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme Android, kjo nuk konfirmohet. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb se e mundshme q\u00eb fajin e ka p\u00ebrkushtimi i dob\u00ebt i audioenkoduesve t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb \u00e7ip\u00ebt telefonik\u00eb. Ka kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret AAC vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisjet Apple, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Android t\u00eb kufizohemi n\u00eb aptX dhe LDAC.<\/p>\n<p>Pajisjet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin kodeka alternative, zakonisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, thjesht sepse p\u00ebr pajisjet shum\u00eb t\u00eb lira dhe t\u00eb dob\u00ebta nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb paguani tarifat p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtyre kodekave. Sipas testeve t\u00eb mia, SBC ting\u00ebllon shum\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Un\u00eb kam b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim web q\u00eb kodon audio n\u00eb SBC, aptX dhe aptX HD n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb shfletues. Me t\u00eb, do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb testoni k\u00ebto kodeka audio pa transferimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb audio-s p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth-it, n\u00eb \u00e7do \u00e7ift kufjesh me tel, altoparlant\u00eb, dhe muzik\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb preferuar, si dhe t\u00eb ndryshoni parametrat e kodimit gjat\u00eb luajtjes s\u00eb audio-s:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-encoder\/\">btcodecs.valdikss.org.ru\/sbc-encoder<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSh\u00ebrbimi p\u00ebrdor librarit\u00eb e kodimit SBC nga projekti BlueZ dhe libopenaptx nga ffmpeg, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb kompiluara n\u00eb WebAssembly dhe JavaScript nga C, p\u00ebrmes emscripten, p\u00ebr t\u00eb funksionuar n\u00eb shfletues. Kush mund t\u00eb kishte \u00ebnd\u00ebrruar nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb till\u00eb!<\/p>\n<p>Ja si duket kjo:<br \/>\n<video controls style=\"top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute;\">Shfletuesi juaj nuk mb\u00ebshtet video HTML5.<source src=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/9e9q8f.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"><\/source><\/video><br \/>\nVini re, si siht me ndryshon niveli i zhurm\u00ebs pas 20 kHz nga kodek\u00ebt e ndrysh\u00ebm. N\u00eb skedarin origjinal MP3, frekuencat mbi 20 kHz mungojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Provo te kalosh kodek\u00ebt dhe vler\u00ebso n\u00ebse d\u00ebgjon ndonj\u00eb ndryshim mes origjinalit, SBC 53 Joint Stereo (profili standard dhe m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm), dhe aptX\/aptX HD.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>D\u00ebgjoj ndryshimin mes kodek\u00ebve <i>n\u00eb kufje<\/i>!<\/h2>\n<p>Njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb nuk d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb ndryshimin mes kodek\u00ebve gjat\u00eb testimit p\u00ebrmes sh\u00ebrbimeve n\u00eb internet, pohojn\u00eb se e d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb at\u00eb kur d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb muzik\u00eb n\u00eb kufje pa tela. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shaka dhe as efekt placebo: ndryshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i d\u00ebgjuesh\u00ebm, megjithat\u00eb shkaktohet jo nga dallimet <i>kodek\u00ebve<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e \u00e7ip\u00ebve Bluetooth audio, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb aparatet e pranuar wireless, jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajisur me procesorin e sinjalit dixhital (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), i cili implementon ekualizuesin, kompresorin, zgjeruesin e stereos dhe gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar (ose ndryshuar) tingullin. Prodhuesit e pajisjeve Bluetooth mund t\u00eb konfigurojn\u00eb DSP <i>p\u00ebr \u00e7do kodek ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7<\/i>, dhe kur kalon mes kodek\u00ebve, d\u00ebgjuesi do t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb se po d\u00ebgjon ndryshimin n\u00eb funksionimin e kodek\u00ebve, kur n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb po d\u00ebgjon cil\u00ebsime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb DSP.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/0j\/75\/rv\/0j75rvrbutguojyxx9yu0s-uang.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/6a8f7ab3ef52753cd32f398c023cd601.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Pjesa e procesimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit DSP Kalimba n\u00eb \u00e7ipat e prodhimit CSR\/Qualcomm<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5dd07986d55d2e7e65697ab7114a942b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Aktivizimi i funksioneve t\u00eb ndryshme DSP p\u00ebr \u00e7do kodek dhe dalje ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Disa pajisje n\u00eb segmentin premium vijn\u00eb me nj\u00eb program q\u00eb lejon konfigurimin e parametrave t\u00eb DSP, por shumica e kufjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb lira nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit nuk mund t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin pas tingullit me mjete t\u00eb thjeshta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Karakteristikat funksionale t\u00eb pajisjeve<\/h2>\n<p>Versioni modern i standardit A2DP ka <b>funksionin e \u00abrregullimit t\u00eb absolut t\u00eb volumit\u00bb<\/b> \u2014 menaxhimi i volumit t\u00eb pajisjes me komanda speciale t\u00eb protokollit AVRCP, q\u00eb rregullon p\u00ebrforcimin e p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb daljes, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 zvog\u00eblimit programor t\u00eb volumit t\u00eb audios. N\u00ebse gjat\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb volumit n\u00eb kufje, ndryshimi nuk sinkronizohet me volumet n\u00eb telefon, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo tregon se kufjet apo telefoni juaj nuk e mb\u00ebshtesin k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb till\u00eb, ka kuptim t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni muzik\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb me volum maksimal n\u00eb telefon, duke rregulluar volumet reale me butonat e kufjeve \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, raporti sinjal\/zhurm\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb, dhe cil\u00ebsia e audios. <i>duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb<\/i> m\u00eb lart.<br \/>\nN\u00eb realitet ndodhin situata t\u00eb trishta. N\u00eb kufjet e mia RealForce OverDrive D1 p\u00ebr SBC \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar nj\u00eb kompandor i fort\u00eb, dhe rritja e volumit \u00e7on n\u00eb ngritjen e nivelit t\u00eb tingujve t\u00eb qet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa volumi i tingujve t\u00eb fort\u00eb nuk ndryshon (ndodh kompresimi i sinjalit). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, m\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vendos volum duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e tij, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast efekti i kompresimit \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse i pa pranish\u00ebm.<br \/>\nSipas v\u00ebzhgimeve t\u00eb mia, t\u00eb gjitha kufjet me kodeka t\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtesin funksionin e rregullimit absolut t\u00eb volumit, duket se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr certifikimin e kodekave.<\/p>\n<p>Disa kufje mb\u00ebshtesin <b>lidhen me dy pajisje n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb<\/b>. Kjo lejon, p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh muzik\u00eb nga kompjuteri dhe t\u00eb pranosh thirrje nga telefoni. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb dish se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb modalitet deaktivizohen kodekat alternativ\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm SBC.<\/p>\n<p><b>Funksioni AVDTP 1.3 Delay Reporting<\/b> lejon kufjet t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb vones\u00ebn n\u00eb pajisjen d\u00ebrguese, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn z\u00ebri v\u00ebrtet p\u00ebr\u00e7ohet. Kjo lejon rregullimin e sinkronizimit t\u00eb audios me videon gjat\u00eb shikimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve video: n\u00eb rast t\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb transmetimit p\u00ebrmes val\u00ebve radio, audio nuk do t\u00eb ngec\u00eb pas videos, p\u00ebrkundrazi, video do t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsohet nga player-i video derisa audio dhe video t\u00eb ri-sinkronizohet.<br \/>\nFunksioni mb\u00ebshtetet nga shum\u00eb kufje, Android 9+ dhe Linux me PulseAudio 12.0+. Nuk kam informacione mbi mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion n\u00eb platforma t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Komunikimi dyshes p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth. Transmetimi i z\u00ebrit.<\/h1>\n<p>P\u00ebr transmetimin e z\u00ebrit n\u00eb Bluetooth p\u00ebrdoret Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) \u2014 transmetim sinkron me parap\u00eblqim t\u00eb lidhjes. Modaliteti lejon transmetimin e z\u00ebrit dhe z\u00ebrit me rregull, me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi simetrike d\u00ebrgimi dhe marrjeje, pa pritur konfirmimin e transmetimit dhe ri-transmetimin e paketave. Kjo ul vones\u00ebn totale t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb audios p\u00ebrmes kanaleve radio, por vendos kufizime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mbi sasin\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb transmetuara p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi kohe, duke ndikuar negativisht n\u00eb cil\u00ebsi.<br \/>\nKur p\u00ebrdoret ky modalitet, z\u00ebri dhe audio transmetohen me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn cil\u00ebsi.<br \/>\nFatkeq\u00ebsisht, deri n\u00eb vitin 2019, cil\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e ul\u00ebt, dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb pse Bluetooth SIG nuk po b\u00ebn asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h5>CVSD<\/h5>\n<p>Kodeku baz\u00eb i transmetimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit CVSD u standardizua n\u00eb vitin 2002 dhe mb\u00ebshtetet nga t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet me lidhje dyqart\u00ebshe p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth. Ai ofron transmetim audio me frekuenc\u00eb mostrimi prej 8 kHz, \u00e7far\u00eb korrespondon me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e telefonis\u00eb kabllore t\u00eb zakonshme. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/c4h77s.flac\">Shembulli i regjistrimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kodek<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h5>mSBC<\/h5>\n<p>Kodeku shtes\u00eb mSBC u standardizua n\u00eb vitin 2009, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2010 u shfaq\u00ebn \u00e7ipat q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr transmetimin e z\u00ebrit. mSBC mb\u00ebshtetet gjer\u00ebsisht nga pajisjet e ndryshme.<br \/>\nKy nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kodek i pavarur, por nj\u00eb SBC i zakonsh\u00ebm nga standardi A2DP, me nj\u00eb profil kodimi t\u00eb fiksuar: 16 kHz, mono, bitpool 26.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/b09joy.flac\">Shembulli i regjistrimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kodek<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shk\u00eblqim, por shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se CVSD, megjithat\u00eb ende \u00ebsht\u00eb e pak\u00ebndshme ta p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh p\u00ebr komunikim p\u00ebrmes internetit, sidomos kur p\u00ebrdor kufje p\u00ebr komunikim n\u00eb loj\u00eb - z\u00ebri i loj\u00ebs gjithashtu do t\u00eb transmetohet me frekuenc\u00eb mostrimi prej 16 kHz.<\/p>\n<p>FastStreamKompania CSR vendosi t\u00eb zhvillonte iden\u00eb e rip\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb SBC. P\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar kufizimet e protokollit SCO dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur bitrata m\u00eb t\u00eb larta, CSR ndoqi nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr - implementuan mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr audio dyqart\u00ebshe SBC n\u00eb standardin e transmetimit t\u00eb audios nj\u00ebqart\u00ebshe A2DP, standardizuan profilin e kodimit dhe e quajt\u00ebn \"FastStream\".<\/p>\n<p>FastStream transmeton n\u00eb dinamik\u00eb tinguj stereo 44.1 ose 48 kHz me bitrat 212 kbps, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr transmetimin e audios nga mikrofon p\u00ebrdoret mono, 16 kHz, me bitrat 72 kbps (pak m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se mSBC). K\u00ebto parametra jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr komunikimin n\u00eb loj\u00ebra online - z\u00ebri i loj\u00ebs dhe bisedave do t\u00eb jet\u00eb cil\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/4gazzt.flac\">Shembulli i regjistrimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kodek<\/a><\/noindex> (+ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/b09joy.flac\">tingujt nga mikrofon, t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si mSBC<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p>Kompania shpiku nj\u00eb zgjidhje interesante, por p\u00ebr shkak se kjo i kund\u00ebrvihet standardit A2DP, mb\u00ebshtetja e tij ka vet\u00ebm disa transmetues t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb (t\u00eb cil\u00ebt veprojn\u00eb si nj\u00eb kart\u00ebAudio USB dhe jo si nj\u00eb pajisje Bluetooth), por nuk e mori mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb stek\u00ebt Bluetooth, megjithat\u00eb numri i kufjeve q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin FastStream nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak i vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr FastStream n\u00eb OS ekziston vet\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/pulseaudio-discuss\/2019-June\/031175.html\">n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb patch-i p\u00ebr PulseAudio t\u00eb Linux<\/a><\/noindex> nga zhvilluesi Pali Roh\u00e1r, i cili nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb deg\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb programit.<\/p>\n<h5>aptX Low Latency<\/h5>\n<p>Me habi t\u00eb madhe, aptX Low Latency gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtet audio dyqart\u00ebshe, duke realizuar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin princip si FastStream.<br \/>\nT\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb kodekut nuk do t\u00eb mundesh askund - nuk ka mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodimin e Low Latency n\u00eb asnj\u00eb OS dhe as n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb stek Bluetooth t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr mua.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Bluetooth 5, Classic dhe Low Energy<\/h1>\n<p>Rreth specifikimeve dhe versioneve t\u00eb Bluetooth-it ka nj\u00eb konfuzion t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pranis\u00eb s\u00eb dy standardeve t\u00eb papajtueshme n\u00ebn nj\u00eb mark\u00eb, t\u00eb dyja nga t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoren gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p>Ekzistojn\u00eb dy protokolle t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb papajtueshme t\u00eb Bluetooth: Bluetooth Classic dhe Bluetooth Low Energy (LE, q\u00eb quhet gjithashtu Bluetooth Smart). Ka edhe nj\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb tret\u00eb, Bluetooth High Speed, por ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrhapur dhe nuk p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb pajisjet sht\u00ebpiake.<\/p>\n<p>Deri n\u00eb Bluetooth 4.0, ndryshimet n\u00eb specifikim preknin kryesisht Bluetooth Low Energy, nd\u00ebrsa versioni Classic merrte vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n<p>Lista e ndryshimeve midis Bluetooth 4.2 dhe Bluetooth 5:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>9 NDRYSHIME NGA v4.2 N\u00cb 5.0<\/p>\n<p>9.1 CARAKTERISTIKAT E REJA<\/p>\n<p>Disa tipare t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb prezantuar n\u00eb Specifikimin Kryesor t\u00eb Bluetooth 5.0. Fushat kryesore t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimeve jan\u00eb:<br \/>\n\u2022 Mask\u00eb e Disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Slot\u00ebve (SAM)<br \/>\n\u2022 2 Msym\/s PHY p\u00ebr LE<br \/>\n\u2022 LE Rreze e Gjat\u00eb<br \/>\n\u2022 Reklamimi jo-nd\u00ebrlidh\u00ebs me Cic\u00ebl t\u00eb Lart\u00eb<br \/>\n\u2022 Zgjatjet e Reklamimit LE<br \/>\n\u2022 Algoritmi i Zgjedhjes s\u00eb Kanalit LE #2<br \/>\n9.1.1 Karakteristikat e Shtuar n\u00eb CSA5 \u2014 T\u00eb Integruara n\u00eb v5.0<br \/>\n\u2022 Fuqi m\u00eb e Lart\u00eb e Nxjerrjes<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><i>Burimi: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bluetooth.org\/docman\/handlers\/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=421043\">www.bluetooth.org\/docman\/handlers\/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=421043<\/a><\/noindex> (faqja 291)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb ndryshim preku versionin Classic n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikimit Bluetooth 5: u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb e Mask\u00ebs s\u00eb Disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Slot\u00ebve (SAM), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb ndarjen e radios. T\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet e tjera prekin vet\u00ebm Bluetooth LE (dhe Fuqi m\u00eb e Lart\u00eb e Nxjerrjes gjithashtu).<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00eb gjitha<\/b> pajisjet audio p\u00ebrdorin vet\u00ebm Bluetooth Classic. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb lidhen kufjet dhe altoparlant\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth Low Energy: nuk ekziston nj\u00eb standard p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar audio duke p\u00ebrdorur LE. Standardi A2DP, i p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr transmetimin e audiove t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb, funksionon vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth Classic, dhe nuk ka nj\u00eb analog n\u00eb LE.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrfundim \u2014 t\u00eb bler\u00ebsh pajisje audio me Bluetooth 5 vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb versionit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb protokollit \u00ebsht\u00eb e panevojshme. Bluetooth 4.0\/4.1\/4.2 n\u00eb kontekstin e transmetimit t\u00eb audios do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ashtu si\u00e7 ka punuar.<br \/>\nN\u00ebse nj\u00eb njoftim p\u00ebr kufje t\u00eb reja p\u00ebrmend rritjen e dyfishuar t\u00eb rrethit t\u00eb funksionimit dhe reduktimin e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb fal\u00eb Bluetooth 5, at\u00ebher\u00eb dije \u2014 ata ose nuk e din\u00eb mir\u00eb, ose po ju g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi, sepse madje prodhuesit e \u00e7ip\u00ebve Bluetooth n\u00eb njoftimet e tyre ngat\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb dallimet e versionit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb standardit, dhe disa \u00e7ipa Bluetooth 5 mb\u00ebshtetin versionin e pest\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr LE, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr Classic p\u00ebrdorin 4.2.<\/p>\n<h1>Vonesa e transmetimit t\u00eb audios<\/h1>\n<p>Koh\u00ebzgjatja e vones\u00ebs (buferring) s\u00eb audios varet nga shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb: madh\u00ebsia e buffers n\u00eb audios, n\u00eb Bluetooth stack dhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb pajisjen e transmetimit pa tel, si dhe vones\u00ebn algoritmike t\u00eb kodek\u00ebve.<\/p>\n<p>Vonshimi i kodek\u00ebve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, si SBC, aptX dhe aptX HD, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i vog\u00ebl, rreth 3-6 ms, dhe mund t\u00eb injorohet, por kodek\u00ebt e nd\u00ebrlikuar, si AAC dhe LDAC, mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb vonesa t\u00eb ndjeshme. Vonesa algoritmike e AAC p\u00ebr 44.1 kHz \u00ebsht\u00eb 60 ms. LDAC \u2014 rreth 30 ms (sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsisht sipas analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb burimeve. Mund t\u00eb gaboj, por jo shum\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p>Vonesa p\u00ebrfundimtare varet shum\u00eb nga pajisja q\u00eb luan, \u00e7ipi i saj dhe buferi. Gjat\u00eb testimeve kam marr\u00eb nj\u00eb variacion nga 150 deri n\u00eb 250 ms n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme (me kodekun SBC). N\u00ebse supozojm\u00eb se pajisjet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin kodeka shtes\u00eb si aptX, AAC dhe LDAC p\u00ebrdorin komponente cil\u00ebsore dhe nj\u00eb bufer t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi k\u00ebto vona tipike:<\/p>\n<p>SBC: 150-250 ms<br \/>\naptX: 130-180 ms<br \/>\nAAC: 190-240 ms<br \/>\nLDAC: 160-210 ms<\/p>\n<p>Kujtoj: aptX Low Latency nuk mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb sistemet operative, prandaj nj\u00eb vones\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl mund t\u00eb arrihet vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb lidhje transmetues + marr\u00ebs ose transmetues + kufje\/kolon\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin k\u00ebt\u00eb kodek.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Problemet e pajisjeve, certifikimit dhe logot Blietooth<\/h1>\n<p>Si ta dalloni nj\u00eb pajisje audio cil\u00ebsore nga nj\u00eb falsifikim t\u00eb lir\u00eb? Nga pamja e jashtme, para s\u00eb gjithash!<\/p>\n<p>Pajisjet e lira kineze, si kufjet, kolonat dhe marr\u00ebsit:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nuk ka fjal\u00ebn 'Bluetooth' n\u00eb kuti dhe pajisje, zakonisht p\u00ebrdoret 'Wireless' dhe 'BT'<\/li>\n<li>Nuk ka logo Bluetooth <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/bde65e4674a5d573c0482e64ea6ff2d3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> n\u00eb kuti ose pajisje<\/li>\n<li>Nuk ka nj\u00eb LED blu q\u00eb ndri\u00e7on<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nMungesa e k\u00ebtyre elementeve tregon se pajisja nuk ka kaluar certifikimin dhe k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb potencialisht me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe me probleme. P.sh., kufjet e mark\u00ebs Bluedio nuk jan\u00eb certifikuar nga Bluetooth dhe nuk i p\u00ebrmbahen plot\u00ebsisht specifikacionit A2DP. Nuk do t\u00eb kalonin certifikimin.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb disa pajisje dhe kutit\u00eb e tyre:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/e4\/qa\/rr\/e4qarrce8fcjv8wwu46aiyib3oa.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/12b3b234a522eaef783b480e8f003ffc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/ba\/06\/vb\/ba06vbcolhpvuie2xlbgnvsycd0.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/da56314dd65a1000cd3b545d9925d08b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/mw\/1b\/t1\/mw1bt1hp0cz11xuilzyz0a70dca.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Audio p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth: m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi profil\u00ebt, kodek\u00ebt dhe pajisjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2bb0356a92d8aee2a84c3123aa8d7e09.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb pa\u00e7ertifikuara. N\u00eb udh\u00ebzime mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb logo dhe emra teknologjish Bluetooth, por m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb kuti dhe\/ose n\u00eb pajisje.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse kufjet ose kolona juaj thon\u00eb 'Ze bluetooth dewise is connecteda successfulle', kjo gjithashtu nuk tregon p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre:<br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"TOFbsbGpIWk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/TOFbsbGpIWk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Luaj videon\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>P\u00ebrfundim<\/h1>\n<p>A \u00ebsht\u00eb Bluetooth i aft\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht kufjet dhe headset-in me kab\u00ebll? Po, por me koston e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ul\u00ebt gjat\u00eb bised\u00ebs, vonesave t\u00eb shtuar t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb irrituese gjat\u00eb loj\u00ebrave, dhe shum\u00eb kodek\u00ebve pronar\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb taksa licencash dhe rrisin koston p\u00ebrfundimtare si p\u00ebr smartfon\u00ebt ashtu edhe p\u00ebr kufjet.<\/p>\n<p>Marketingu i kodek\u00ebve alternativ\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i fort\u00eb: aptX dhe LDAC prezantohen si nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim i shum\u00ebpritur p\u00ebr \"SBC-n\u00eb e vjetruar dhe t\u00eb keqe\", e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e keqe sa mendohet.<\/p>\n<p>Si\u00e7 rezulton, kufizimet artificiale t\u00eb stack-\u00ebve Bluetooth n\u00eb bitratin SBC mund t\u00eb anashkalohen, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb SBC t\u00eb mos ia kaloj\u00eb aptX HD. Un\u00eb mora iniciativ\u00ebn dhe b\u00ebra nj\u00eb patch p\u00ebr firmware-n e LineageOS: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455316\/\">Modifikimi i grumbullit Bluetooth p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar tingullin n\u00eb kufjet pa kodek\u00ebt AAC, aptX dhe LDAC<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion mund t\u00eb gjeni n\u00eb faqet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soundguys.com\/\">SoundGuys<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/soundexpert.org\/\">SoundExpert<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Bonus:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/files.catbox.moe\/29l4kd.zip\">kodek referenc\u00eb SBC, informacion mbi bitstream A2DP dhe skedar\u00eb testues<\/a><\/noindex>. Ky skedar ishte m\u00eb par\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb Bluetooth, por tani \u00ebsht\u00eb i aksesuesh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Bluetooth SIG.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/427997\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430 3.5 \u043c\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 Bluetooth-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/audio-cherez-bluetooth-maksimalno-podrobno-o-profilyah-kodekah-i-ustrojstvah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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