{"id":35174,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/zimbra-i-zashhita-ot-mejl-bombinga\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:43","slug":"zimbra-i-zashhita-ot-mejl-bombinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zimbra-i-zashhita-ot-mejl-bombinga","title":{"rendered":"Zimbra dhe mbrojtja nga mail-bombing.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mail bombing \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga format m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb sulmeve kibernetike. N\u00eb thelb, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm DoS, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb vale k\u00ebrkesash nga adresa t\u00eb ndryshme IP, n\u00eb server d\u00ebrgohen nj\u00eb mori e madhe e-mailesh, t\u00eb cilat arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga adresat e post\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ngarkesa mbi t\u00eb rritet ndjesh\u00ebm. Ky sulm mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb kutis\u00eb postare, madje n\u00eb disa raste mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb d\u00ebshtimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb serverit. Historia shum\u00ebvje\u00e7are e k\u00ebtij lloji sulmi kibernetik ka sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb pasojash pozitive dhe negative p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve. Faktor\u00ebt pozitiv\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb njohjen e thell\u00eb t\u00eb mail bombing-ut dhe disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten nga ky sulm. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, faktor\u00ebt negativ\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb numrin e madh t\u00eb zgjidhjeve softuerike t\u00eb disponueshme publikisht p\u00ebr kryerjen e k\u00ebtij lloji sulmi dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr sulmuesin t\u00eb mbrohet nga identifikimi.<\/p>\n

\"Zimbra<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e k\u00ebtij sulmi kibernetik \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht e pamundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime financiare. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb sulmues d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mori e-mailesh n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kutit\u00eb postare, ai thjesht e pengon p\u00ebrdoruesin t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb normalisht post\u00ebn elektronike, ose n\u00ebse ai ka hakeruar post\u00ebn e dikujt n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb korporate dhe fillon t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb mori e-mailesh n\u00eb GAL, serveri ose do t\u00eb bjer\u00eb p\u00ebrtok\u00eb ose do t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsohet aq shum\u00eb sa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet i pamundur p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb m\u00eb pas? T\u00eb kthej\u00eb nj\u00eb krim kibernetik t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb para \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pamundur, prandaj mail bombing aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen relativisht i rrall\u00eb dhe administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve kur projektojn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn mund t\u00eb mos kujtojn\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb mbrohen nga ky lloj sulmi kibernetik.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht se mail bombing vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb veprim shum\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht pa kuptim nga pik\u00ebpamja komerciale, ai shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komponent i disa sulmeve kibernetike m\u00eb kompleksedhe me shum\u00eb hapa. P\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb hakerimit t\u00eb post\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb grabitur nj\u00eb llogari n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim publik, sulmuesit shpesh \"bombardo\" kutin\u00eb postare t\u00eb viktim\u00ebs me e-maile pa sens, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb email konfirmimi t\u00eb humbas\u00eb brenda atij fluksi dhe t\u00eb mbetet i paduksh\u00ebm. Gjithashtu, mail bombing mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb mjet presioni ekonomik mbi nj\u00eb kompani. K\u00ebshtu, bombardimi aktiv i nj\u00eb kutie postare publike t\u00eb nj\u00eb kompanie, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat nga klient\u00ebt, mund t\u00eb komplikoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm pun\u00ebn me ta dhe, si pasoj\u00eb, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ndalimin e pajisjeve, mosplot\u00ebsimin e porosive, si dhe n\u00eb humbjen e reputacionit dhe p\u00ebrfitimit t\u00eb humbur.<\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, nj\u00eb administrator sistemi nuk duhet t\u00eb harroj\u00eb p\u00ebr probabilitetin e kryerjes s\u00eb mail bombing dhe gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb masat e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten nga kjo k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim. Duke e marr\u00eb parasysh se kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet qysh n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb post\u00ebs, si dhe q\u00eb kjo k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb pak koh\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrpjekje nga ana e administratorit t\u00eb sistemit, nuk mbetet asnj\u00eb arsye objektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos siguruar infrastruktur\u00ebn e tij nga mbrojtja ndaj mail bombing. Le ta shikojm\u00eb se si \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar mbrojtja nga ky sulm kibernetik n\u00eb Zimbra Collaboration Suite Open-Source Edition.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb themel t\u00eb Zimbra q\u00ebndron Postfix \u2014 nj\u00eb nga agjent\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe funksional\u00eb t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb post\u00ebs me kod t\u00eb hapur deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dit\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga avantazhet kryesore t\u00eb hapjes s\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb se mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb zgjidhjesh t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr zgjerimin e funksionalitetit. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, Postfix mb\u00ebshtet plot\u00ebsisht cbpolicyd \u2014 nj\u00eb utilitare t\u00eb avancuar p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb kibernetike t\u00eb server\u00ebve t\u00eb post\u00ebs. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 mbrojtjes nga spam dhe krijimit t\u00eb listave t\u00eb bardha, t\u00eb zeza dhe t\u00eb gjera, cbpolicyd i lejon administratorit t\u00eb Zimbra t\u00eb konfiguroj\u00eb kontrollin e n\u00ebnshkrimit SPF dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00eb kufizime mbi marrjen dhe d\u00ebrgimin e e-mailesh ose t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Ato mund t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb mbrojtje efektive nga spam dhe emailet e phishing, si dhe ta mbrojn\u00eb serverin nga mail bombing.<\/p>\n

E para q\u00eb i k\u00ebrkohet administratorit t\u00eb sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizimi i modulit cbpolicyd, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb parazgjedhur n\u00eb Zimbra Collaboration Suite OSE n\u00eb serverin MTA t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs. Kjo b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes komand\u00ebs zmprov ms `zmhostname` +zimbraServiceEnabled cbpolicyd. Pas k\u00ebsaj, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb aktivizohet nd\u00ebrfaqja web, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb menaxhohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rehatshme cbpolicyd. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb lejoni lidhjet n\u00eb portin web num\u00ebr 7780, t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb lidhje simbolike p\u00ebrmes komand\u00ebs ln -s \/opt\/zimbra\/common\/share\/webui \/opt\/zimbra\/data\/httpd\/htdocs\/webui<\/b>, dhe pastaj t\u00eb redaktoni skedarin me konfigurimin p\u00ebrmes komand\u00ebs nano \/opt\/zimbra\/data\/httpd\/htdocs\/webui\/includes\/config.php<\/b>, ku duhet t\u00eb shkruani rreshtat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n

$DB_DSN=\u00absqlite:\/opt\/zimbra\/data\/cbpolicyd\/db\/cbpolicyd.sqlitedb\u00bb;
\n$DB_USER=\u00abroot\u00bb;
\n$DB_TABLE_PREFIX=»»;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nPas k\u00ebsaj, do t\u00eb mbetet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb rinisni sh\u00ebrbimet Zimbra dhe Zimbra Apache me komandat zmcontrol restart dhe zmapachectl restart. Pas k\u00ebsaj do t\u00eb keni qasje n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen web me adres\u00ebn example.com<\/a><\/noindex>:7780\/webui\/index.php<\/b>. Nj\u00eb detaj ky\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb se hyrja n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe web nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbrojtur p\u00ebr momentin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar hyrjen e personave t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, mund t\u00eb mbyllni lidhjet n\u00eb portin 7780 pas \u00e7do hyrjeje n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen web.<\/p>\n

Mbrojtja nga fluksi i e-maileve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga rrjeti i brendsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb arrihet me an\u00eb t\u00eb kuotave p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb vendosen p\u00ebrmes cbpolicyd. K\u00ebto kuota lejojn\u00eb vendosjen e nj\u00eb kufiri t\u00eb numrit maksimal t\u00eb e-maileve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen nga nj\u00eb kuti postare n\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohe. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse menaxher\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb suaj d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb mesatarisht 60-80 e-maile n\u00eb or\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb parasysh nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, mund t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb prej 100 e-maileve n\u00eb or\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shpenzuar nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, menaxher\u00ebt do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb nj\u00eb e-mail \u00e7do 36 sekonda. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive, nd\u00ebrsa nga ana tjet\u00ebr, me nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, sulmuesit q\u00eb fitojn\u00eb akses n\u00eb post\u00ebn e nj\u00eb prej menaxher\u00ebve tuaj nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb me e-maile ose nj\u00eb sulm masiv spamu n\u00eb kompani.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb kuot\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb re kufizuese p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen web dhe t\u00eb specifikoni q\u00eb ajo t\u00eb veproj\u00eb si p\u00ebr e-mailet e d\u00ebrguara brenda domenit ashtu edhe p\u00ebr ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara n\u00eb adresat e jashtme. Kjo b\u00ebhet si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\"Zimbra
\n
\nPas k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb specifikoni m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje kufizimet e lidhura me d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb caktimin e intervalit kohor, pas t\u00eb cilit kufizimet do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohen, si dhe mesazhin q\u00eb do t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi q\u00eb ka tejkaluar limitin e tij. Pastaj mund t\u00eb vendosni dhe vet\u00eb kufizimin p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve. Ky kufizim mund t\u00eb vendoset si n\u00eb form\u00ebn e numrit t\u00eb e-maileve t\u00eb dal\u00eb, ashtu edhe n\u00eb form\u00ebn e numrit t\u00eb bajtove t\u00eb transmetuara. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr e-mailet q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen mbi kufirin e caktuar, mund t\u00eb sillemi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t'i fshijm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb ato, ose mund t'i ruajm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb pasi kufiri p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e mesazheve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet. Opsioni i dyt\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb vler\u00ebs optimale t\u00eb kufirit p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve nga punonj\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 kufizimeve p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e e-maileve, cbpolicyd lejon gjithashtu caktimin e nj\u00eb limiti p\u00ebr marrjen e e-maileve. Ky kufizim, n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga sulmet me e-maile t\u00eb shpejta, megjithat\u00eb vendosja e nj\u00eb kuote t\u00eb till\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e madhe, rrezikon q\u00eb n\u00ebn disa kushte t\u00eb mos arrij\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e rekomandueshme t\u00eb mos vendosni kufizime p\u00ebr e-mailet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse vendosni t\u00eb rrezikoni, duhet t'i qaseni ndarjes s\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb mesazheve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb me kujdes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb kufizoni numrin e e-maileve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga kontraktor\u00ebt e besuar, q\u00eb n\u00eb rastin kur serveri i tyre i post\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb komprometuar, t\u00eb mos kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb sulm spamu n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb tuaj.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten nga v\u00ebrshimi i mesazheve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga sulmet me e-maile t\u00eb shpejta, administratori i sistemit duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb masa m\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ura sesa thjesht kufizimi i post\u00ebs q\u00eb vjen. Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i listave t\u00eb gjelbra. Parimi i funksionimit t\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb mesazh nga nj\u00eb d\u00ebrgues i pasigurt, lidhja me serverin nd\u00ebrpritet papritur, duke rezultuar n\u00eb d\u00ebshtimin e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb mesazhit. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse brenda nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb caktuar, serveri i pasigurt p\u00ebrpiqet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin mesazh, serveri nuk nd\u00ebrpret lidhjen dhe dor\u00ebzimi kryhet me sukses. <\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi i t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebtyre veprimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb programet p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgesat masive automatike t\u00eb e-maileve zakonisht nuk verifikojn\u00eb suksesin e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb mesazhit t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar dhe nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebrguar at\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb njeri patjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb sigurohet n\u00ebse po, mesazhi i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb adres\u00eb, apo jo. <\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb aktivizoni listat e gjyr\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen web t\u00eb cbpolicyd. P\u00ebr t\u00eb funksionuar si\u00e7 duhet, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb politik\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb gjitha mesazhet e ardhshme t\u00eb adresuara p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb serverin ton\u00eb, dhe pastaj mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb rregull t\u00eb Greylisting, ku mund t\u00eb konfigurohet koha gjat\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs cbpolicyd do t\u00eb pres\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur nga d\u00ebrguesi i panjohur. zakonisht kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb 4-5 minuta. E nj\u00ebjta mund t\u00eb konfigurohet p\u00ebr t'u siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet e suksesshme dhe ato t\u00eb pasuksesshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar mesazhe nga d\u00ebrgues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb merren parasysh, dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb merret vendimi p\u00ebr shtimin automatik t\u00eb d\u00ebrguesit n\u00eb listat e bardha ose t\u00eb zeza.<\/p>\n

Kujdesemi q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i listave t\u00eb gjyr\u00eb t\u00eb trajtohet me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi maksimale. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebsaj teknologjie shkon p\u00ebrkrah mbajtjes s\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb listave t\u00eb bardha dhe t\u00eb zeza, p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e humbjes s\u00eb mesazheve v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr biznesin tuaj. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, mbrojtja nga bombardimi me email mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me shtimin e kontrollit SPF, DMARC dhe DKIM. Shpesh, mesazhet q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb bombardimit me email nuk kalojn\u00eb k\u00ebto kontrolle. Si ta b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga artikujt tan\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Pra, mbrojtja nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi si bombardimi me email \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e thjesht\u00eb, dhe mund t\u00eb realizohet edhe n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs Zimbra p\u00ebr biznesin tuaj. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb monitoroni vazhdimisht q\u00eb rreziqet nga p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb mbrojtjeje t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb mos e tejkalojn\u00eb kurr\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimin q\u00eb merrni.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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