{"id":35229,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:05","slug":"aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli","title":{"rendered":"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionojn\u00eb motor\u00ebt e avion\u00ebve me gaz turbin\u00eb (GT). Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem ta shpjegoj k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptueshme. <\/p>\n<p>Motorrat e avioneve GT mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>motor\u00eb turborreaktiv\u00eb (TRD)<\/li>\n<li>motor\u00eb turborreaktiv\u00eb dykontur (TRDD)<\/li>\n<li>motor\u00eb turbovinj\u00eb (TVD)<\/li>\n<li>motor\u00eb turbotel (TVaD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, TRD dhe TRDD mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb forcuese, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ato do t\u00eb jen\u00eb TRDF dhe TRDDDF p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull ne nuk do t'i shqyrtojm\u00eb ato. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me motor\u00ebt turborreaktiv\u00eb. <\/p>\n<h2>Motor\u00ebt turborreaktiv\u00eb<\/h2>\n<p>\nKy lloj motori u krijua n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit 20 dhe filloi t\u00eb gjej\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim masiv n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Avioni i par\u00eb serik turborreaktiv ishte gjermani Me.262. TRD ishin t\u00eb njohura deri n\u00eb vitet '60, pas t\u00eb cilave filluan t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen nga TRDD.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/acc5ee1cf2b516e893fdef157a16ea2b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fotografia m\u00eb moderne e Me-262, e b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2016<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Motor\u00ebt turborreaktiv\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb elementet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pajisja hyr\u00ebse <\/li>\n<li>Kompresori <\/li>\n<li>Dhom\u00ebn e djegies <\/li>\n<li>Turbina <\/li>\n<li>Injektori reaktiv (m\u00eb posht\u00eb thjesht injektor)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMund t\u00eb thuhet se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb minimumi i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr funksionimin normal t\u00eb motorit. <\/p>\n<p>Tani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb nevojitet dhe p\u00ebrse. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAparati i hyrjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal q\u00eb zgjeron* ku ajri \u00ebsht\u00eb i t\u00ebrhequr drejt kompresorit dhe kompresimi i tij paraprak. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, energjia kinetike e ajrit t\u00eb hyr\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb presion.<\/p>\n<p>*k\u00ebtu dhe m\u00eb tutje do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsi n\u00ebnz\u00ebri. N\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi mbi z\u00eb, fizika ndryshon, dhe gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt ndryshe. <\/p>\n<p>Kompresori \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhet rritja e presionit t\u00eb ajrit. Kompresori mund t\u00eb karakterizohet nga nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla e rritjes s\u00eb presionit. N\u00eb motor\u00ebt modern\u00eb, ajo fillon t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb mbi 40 nj\u00ebsi. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, temperatura rritet (mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 400 grad\u00eb Celsius).<\/p>\n<p>Dhoma e djegies \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajri i shkrir\u00eb (pas kompresorit) merr ngroht\u00ebsi nga djegia e karburantit. Temperatura n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e djegies \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e lart\u00eb, mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 2000 grad\u00eb Celsius. Mund t'ju duket se presioni i gazit n\u00eb dhom\u00eb gjithashtu rritet shum\u00eb, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Teorikisht, pranohet se ngrohja ndodhet n\u00eb presion t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. N\u00eb realitet, ai paksa bie p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjeve (problemi i pap\u00ebrsosm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb projektit). <\/p>\n<p>Turbina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb kthen nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit pas dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb djegies n\u00eb energji p\u00ebr motorin e kompresorit. Duke pasur parasysh se turbinat p\u00ebrdoren jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb aviacion, mund t\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb definicion m\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm: \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb shnd\u00ebrron energjin\u00eb e brendshme t\u00eb trupit punues (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, trupi punues \u00ebsht\u00eb gazi) n\u00eb pun\u00eb mekanike n\u00eb bosht. Si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb keni kuptuar, turbina dhe kompresori ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin bosht dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. N\u00ebse n\u00eb kompresor ndodh nj\u00eb rritje e presionit t\u00eb gazit, n\u00eb turbin\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi, ndodh nj\u00eb ulje, pra gazi zgjerohet. <\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb gryk\u00eb \u2014 nj\u00eb kanal q\u00eb ngushtohet, ku ndodh konvertimi i energjis\u00eb potenciale t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb energji kinetike (rezerva e mbetur e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit pas turbin\u00ebs). Si n\u00eb turbin\u00eb, n\u00eb gryk\u00eb ndodh zgjerimi i gazit. Kjo krijon nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb, e cila, duke dal\u00eb nga gryk\u00eb, l\u00ebviz aeroplanin. <\/p>\n<p>Kemi kuptuar elementet kryesore. Por ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si funksionon? At\u00ebher\u00eb le t\u00eb shohim nj\u00eb her\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, me pak fjal\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Ajri nga atmosfera hyn n\u00eb pajisjen hyr\u00ebse, ku pak ngushtohet dhe kalon n\u00eb kompresor. N\u00eb kompresor, presioni i ajrit rritet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb, duke rritur gjithashtu temperatur\u00ebn. Pas kompresorit, ajri kalon n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e djegies dhe, duke u p\u00ebrzier atje me karburantin, ndizet, \u00e7ka shkakton nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs, teksa presioni mbetet, mund t\u00eb thuhet, konstant. Pas dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb djegies, gazi i nxeht\u00eb i ngjeshur shkon n\u00eb turbin\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit shpenzohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrotulluar kompresorin nga turbina (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kryej\u00eb funksionin e saj, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrshkruhet m\u00eb sip\u00ebr), nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e energjis\u00eb shpenzohet p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen e avionit, p\u00ebr shkak se gazi, pasi kalon turbin\u00ebn, shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb reaktive n\u00eb dorez\u00eb dhe del nga ajo (doreza) n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, cikli p\u00ebrfundon. Sigurisht, n\u00eb realitet, t\u00eb gjitha proceset e ciklit ndodhin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme.<\/p>\n<p>Ky cik\u00ebl quhet cikli i Brayton, ose cikli termodinamik me karakter t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe furnizimin me nxeht\u00ebsi n\u00ebn presion konstant. T\u00eb gjitha GTC funksionojn\u00eb sipas k\u00ebtij cikli.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/86f04b95963142395a33b47ac809fd34.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Cikli i Brayton n\u00eb koordinatat P-V<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N-V \u2014 procesi i ngjeshjes n\u00eb pajisjen hyr\u00ebse <br \/>\nV-K \u2014 procesi i kompresimit n\u00eb kompresor<br \/>\nK-G \u2014 n\u00ebnpresioni i ngrohjes<br \/>\nG-T \u2014 procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb turbin\u00eb<br \/>\nG-S \u2014 procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb nj\u00ebsin\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndarjes<br \/>\nS-N \u2014 n\u00ebnpresioni p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e ngrohjes n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/1efa852beab907ca1c0a92f80deee463.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konstrukt i thjesht\u00eb i motorit turborreaktiv, ku 0-0 \u2014 boshti i motorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>TRD mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe dy boshtet. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompresori p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga kompresori i presionit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (KND) dhe kompresori i presionit t\u00eb lart\u00eb (KVD), nd\u00ebrsa puna do t\u00eb realizohet nga turbinat e presionit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (TND) dhe t\u00eb lart\u00eb (TVD) p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. Ky skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb favorez p\u00ebr gazdinamik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/d956b0cd38d35dc4833207a5dc62eea4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Motori real i k\u00ebtij tipi n\u00eb seksion<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kemi shqyrtuar parimin e funksionimit t\u00eb skem\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb motorit avionic turbogaz. Natyrisht, n\u00eb \u2018Airbus\u2019 dhe \u2018Boeing\u2019 t\u00eb sot\u00ebm instalohen TRDD, struktura e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb e komplikuar, por funksionon sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave ligje. Le t\u00eb shohim ato.<\/p>\n<h2>Motori turborreaktiv me dy konture<\/h2>\n<p>\nTRDD, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, dallon nga TRD p\u00ebr faktin se ka dy konture: t\u00eb jashtme dhe t\u00eb brendshme. Konturi i brendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat elemente si TRD: kompresori (i ndar\u00eb n\u00eb KND dhe KVD), dhom\u00ebn e djegies, turbin\u00ebn (t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb TVD dhe TND) dhe dyz\u00ebn. Konturi i jasht\u00ebm p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb kanal, me dyz\u00ebn n\u00eb fund. N\u00eb t\u00eb nuk ka as dhom\u00eb djegie as turbin\u00eb. Para t\u00eb dy kontureve (menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas pajisjes hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb motorit) ndodhet nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb kompresori q\u00eb punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy konturet. <\/p>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje shum\u00eb e kuptueshme, apo jo? Le t\u00eb shohim si funksionon.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/4e61a8bd224cc09abf0f4f209323935c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Struktura e thjesht\u00eb e motorit turbo-reaktiv me dy osilatore dhe dy konture<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ajri q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb motor, pasi kalon p\u00ebrmes shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb kompresorit me presion t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, ndahet n\u00eb dy rrjedha. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ajrit shkon p\u00ebrmes konturit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, ku ndodhin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat procese q\u00eb u p\u00ebrshkruan kur analizuam TRD-n\u00eb. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr e ajrit kalon n\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm, duke marr\u00eb energji nga shkalla e par\u00eb e KND-s\u00eb (ajo q\u00eb punon me dy kontura). N\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm, energjia e ajrit shpenzohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcyer humbjet hidrike (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb f\u00ebrkimit). N\u00eb fund, ky aj\u00ebr arrin n\u00eb ndihm\u00ebsin e konturit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, duke krijuar nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje t\u00eb madhe. T\u00ebrheqja e krijuar nga konturi i jasht\u00ebm mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb 80% t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb gjith\u00eb motorit. <\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga karakteristikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb TRDD-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla e dykontur\u00ebsis\u00eb. Shkalla e dykontur\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb raporti i fluksit t\u00eb ajrit n\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm ndaj fluksit t\u00eb ajrit n\u00eb konturin e brendsh\u00ebm. Ky num\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i madh ose m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl se nj\u00eb. N\u00eb motor\u00ebt modern, ky num\u00ebr tejkalon vler\u00ebn 12.<br \/>\nMotor\u00ebt me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb dyfishe m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se dy quhen turboventilator\u00eb, dhe shkalla e par\u00eb e kompresorit (ajo q\u00eb punon n\u00eb t\u00eb dy konturat) \u00ebsht\u00eb ventilatori. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/f7b18824efddab58aa7c8b7b947c6f62.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>TRDD i avionit Boeing 757-200. N\u00eb planin e par\u00eb shihet pajisja e hyrjes dhe ventilatori.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb disa motor\u00eb, ventilatori aktivizohet nga nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb vendoset m\u00eb af\u00ebr gryk\u00ebs s\u00eb konturit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. At\u00ebher\u00eb motori rezulton t\u00eb jet\u00eb me tre os\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, motor\u00ebt e till\u00eb jan\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e motor\u00ebve Rolls Royce RB211 (t\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb L1011, B747, B757, B767), D-18T (An-124), D-36 (Jak-42).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5beaac3f80b6f29b8dd0214e2cd90fa0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>D-18T n\u00eb seksionin e brendsh\u00ebm.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Avantazhi kryesor i TRDD q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje t\u00eb madhe dhe efikasitet t\u00eb mir\u00eb, krahasuar me TRD. <\/p>\n<p>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj p\u00ebr TRDD dhe t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb llojin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb motor\u00ebve - TWD.<\/p>\n<h2>Motor\u00ebt turboventilator\u00eb.<\/h2>\n<p>\nMotoresi turboventilator, si edhe ai turborreaktiv, i p\u00ebrket motor\u00ebve gazturbin\u00eb. Ai punon pothuajse si motori turborreaktiv. Nj\u00eb motor elementar turboventilator p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga element\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb i njohim: kompresori, dhoma e djegies, turbina dhe gryk\u00eb. Atij i jan\u00eb shtuar reduktori dhe spirali. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/3f49eab074ea4dbe840a11bd9c83ec99.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nParimi i funksionimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me at\u00eb t\u00eb motorit turbojek, me ndryshimin se pothuajse e gjith\u00eb energjia e gazit shpenzohet n\u00eb turbin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrotulluar kompresorin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrotulluar helik\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes reduktorit (k\u00ebtu helika dhe reduktori jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin bosht me kompresorin). Helika krijon shumic\u00ebn e t\u00ebrheqjes. Pjesa e mbetur, pas turbin\u00ebs, drejtohet n\u00eb nyj\u00eb, duke formuar t\u00ebrheqjen reaktive, por ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb e dhjeta nga gjith\u00e7ka. Reduktori n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur rrotullimet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar momentin, pasi turbina mund t\u00eb rrotullohet me nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, 10000 rrotullime n\u00eb minut\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa helika ka nevoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 1500. Dhe helika \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e r\u00ebnd\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/fc999b26d744f4dc5748bfee2d4e23e4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konstruksioni skematik i TVD<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Por ekziston edhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr skem\u00eb e motor\u00ebve turbin\u00eb-helik\u00eb: me turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb. <br \/>\nThe essence is that a separate turbine is placed behind a conventional compressor turbine, which is not mechanically connected to the compressor turbine. This turbine is called a free turbine. The connection between the compressor turbine and the free turbine is only gas-dynamic. A separate shaft comes from the free turbine, on which a gearbox with a propeller is installed. Everything else operates just like in the first case. Most modern engines are built according to this scheme. One of the advantages of this scheme is the possibility of using the engine on land as an auxiliary power unit (APU) without driving the propeller.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/cebe421dbc204833e5153dc956dd897c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Schematic design of a turbine engine with a free turbine<\/i><\/p>\n<p>I want to emphasize that one should not view turbine engines as an inefficient relic of the past. I have heard such statements several times, but they are incorrect. <br \/>\nMotori turboventilatori n\u00eb disa raste kan\u00eb efikasitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, zakonisht n\u00eb aeroplanet me shpejt\u00ebsi jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta (p.sh., n\u00eb 500 km\/h), dhe megjithat\u00eb, aeroplani mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, motori turboventilator mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb krahasim me motorin turborreaktiv t\u00eb shqyrtuar m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, p\u00ebr motor\u00ebt turboventilator mund ta p\u00ebrfundojm\u00eb. Po afrohemi ngadal\u00eb n\u00eb konceptin e motorit turbovald.<\/p>\n<h2>Motori turbovald<\/h2>\n<p>\nNdoshta shumica e lexuesve k\u00ebtu po e d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Ky tip motori instalohet n\u00eb helika. <\/p>\n<p>Motori turbo shaft \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me motorin turbo prop me turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Ai gjithashtu p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kompresor, nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb djegie, nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb kompresori, pastaj vjen turbin\u00eb e lir\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb par\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb gazodinamike. Ky motor nuk prodhon t\u00ebrheqje reaktive, sepse nuk ka nj\u00eb gryk\u00eb reaktive, ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shkarkim. Turbina e lir\u00eb ka boshtin e saj, i cili lidhet me reduktorin kryesor t\u00eb helikopterit (helikopterit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs). Po, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb helikopter\u00ebt q\u00eb kam njohur kan\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktor t\u00eb till\u00eb, dhe zakonisht ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se rrotullimet e helikopter\u00ebve jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ulta. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr avion\u00ebt, si\u00e7 e p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb lart, mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb 1500 rrotullime\/min, p\u00ebr helikopterin, p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebr Mi-8, ka vet\u00ebm 193 rrotullime\/min.<br \/>\nRrotullimet e motorit n\u00eb helikopter shpesh jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb madh\u00ebsive t\u00eb vogla), dhe duhet t\u2019i ulen ndjesh\u00ebm, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00ebqind her\u00eb. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodh q\u00eb reduktori t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vendosur si n\u00eb motor, ashtu edhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb helikopterin, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Mi-2 dhe motorin e tij GTD-350. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/618ecb3c441c153994ee9334d12ca8ce.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Struktura skematike e motorit turbo shaft<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motorrat avioni me gaz turbin\u00eb\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/338cfff60d6135efb8d04acf45f8c474.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Motori TV3-117 nga helikopteri Mi-8. N\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb duken tuba shkarkimi dhe boshti i huaj<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pra ndaj, ne e shqyrtuam kat\u00ebr lloje motor\u00ebsh gazoturbinar\u00eb. Shpresoj q\u00eb teksti im ishte i qart\u00eb dhe i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr ju. T\u00eb gjitha pyetjet dhe komentet mund t'i shkruani n\u00eb komentet. <\/p>\n<p>Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455774\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0413\u0422\u0414). \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0413\u0422\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430: \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414) \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0430\u0414) \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0422\u0420\u0414 \u0438 \u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0413\u0422\u0414). \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0413\u0422\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430: \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414) \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0430\u0414) \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0422\u0420\u0414 \u0438 \u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0432\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:03:05+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:03:05+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Motor\u00ebt gazoturbinar\u00eb avioni | ProHoster","description":"P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull dua t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionojn\u00eb motor\u00ebt gazoturbinar\u00eb avioni (GTDA). Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem ta b\u00ebj k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptueshme. Motor\u00ebt gazoturbinar\u00eb avioni mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb: motor\u00eb turbo-reaktiv\u00eb (TRD), motor\u00eb turbo-reaktiv\u00eb dy-kontur (TRDD), motor\u00eb turbo-vinj\u00eb (TVD), motor\u00eb turbo-axh (TVaD). 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