{"id":35229,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:05","slug":"aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/aviatsionnye-gazoturbinnye-dvigateli","title":{"rendered":"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje! N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionojn\u00eb motor\u00ebt avionic\u00eb me gaz turbine (GT). Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem ta b\u00ebj k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptueshme. <\/p>\n<p>Motor\u00ebt avionic\u00eb GT mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>motora turborreaktiv\u00eb (TRD)<\/li>\n<li>motora turborreaktiv\u00eb me dy kontura (TRRDD)<\/li>\n<li>motora turbobinj\u00eb (TVD)<\/li>\n<li>motora turbat\u00eb (TVaD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, TRD dhe TRRDD mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb forcimi, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast do t\u00eb jen\u00eb TRDF dhe TRRDDF p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull ne nuk do t'i shqyrtojm\u00eb ato. <\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me motor\u00ebt turborreaktiv\u00eb. <\/p>\n<h2>Motor\u00ebt turborreaktiv\u00eb<\/h2>\n<p>\nKy lloj motori u krijua n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit 20 dhe filloi t\u00eb gjej\u00eb aplikim masiv n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. I pari avion turborreaktiv n\u00eb bot\u00eb ishte gjermani Me.262. TRD ishin t\u00eb popullarizuar deri n\u00eb vitet '60, pas t\u00eb cilave filluan t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoheshin nga TRRDD.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/acc5ee1cf2b516e893fdef157a16ea2b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fotografia moderne e Me-262, e b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2016<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Motori turborreaktiv m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin element\u00ebt e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dispositivi i hyrjes <\/li>\n<li>Kompressor <\/li>\n<li>Dhom\u00ebn e djegies <\/li>\n<li>Turbina <\/li>\n<li>Soplo reaktiv (m\u00eb posht\u00eb thjesht soplo)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMund t\u00eb thuhet se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grup minimal p\u00ebr funksionimin normal t\u00eb motorit. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe tani t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDispositivi i hyrjes \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal q\u00eb zgjerohet*, ku ndodh kalimi i ajrit n\u00eb kompressor dhe presioni i tij paraprak. N\u00eb t\u00eb, energjia kinetike e ajrit t\u00eb hyr\u00ebs transformohet pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00eb presion.<\/p>\n<p>*k\u00ebtu dhe m\u00eb tej do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsi subz\u00ebrore. N\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi supersonike, fizika ndryshon, dhe aty gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe. <\/p>\n<p>Kompressor \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb pajisja ku ndodh rritja e presionit t\u00eb ajrit. Kompressori mund t\u00eb karakterizohet nga nj\u00eb sasi e caktuar si shkalla e rritjes s\u00eb presionit. N\u00eb motor\u00ebt modern\u00eb, ajo fillon t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb 40 nj\u00ebsi. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb t\u00eb rritet temperatura (mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 400 grad\u00eb Celsius).<\/p>\n<p>Kamera e djegies \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajri i shtr\u00ebnguar (pas kompresorit) furnizohet me nxeht\u00ebsi nga djegia e karburantit. Temperatura n\u00eb kamer\u00ebn e djegies \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e lart\u00eb, mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 2000 grad\u00eb Celsius. Mund t'ju duket se presioni i gazit n\u00eb kamer\u00eb gjithashtu rritet shum\u00eb, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Teoretikisht, pranohet se nxeht\u00ebsia furnizohet n\u00eb presion t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. N\u00eb realitet, ai bie pak p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjeve (problemi i pap\u00ebrsosm\u00ebrive t\u00eb konstrukcioni). <\/p>\n<p>Turbin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb shnd\u00ebrron nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit pas kamer\u00ebs s\u00eb djegies n\u00eb energji p\u00ebr shfrenimin e kompresorit. Duke qen\u00eb se turbinat p\u00ebrdoren jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb aviacion, mund t\u00eb jepet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim m\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm: kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb konverton energjin\u00eb e brendshme t\u00eb trupit punues (n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, trupi punues \u00ebsht\u00eb gazi) n\u00eb pun\u00eb mekanike n\u00eb bosht. Si\u00e7 mund ta keni kuptuar, turbina dhe kompresori jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin bosht dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura fort me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. N\u00ebse n\u00eb kompresor ndodhi nj\u00eb rritje e presionit t\u00eb gazit, n\u00eb turbin\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi, ndodh nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb gazi zgjerohet. <\/p>\n<p>Shkalla \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kanali q\u00eb ngushtohet, ku ndodh konverzimi i energjis\u00eb potenciale t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb energji kinetike (rezerva e mbetur e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit pas turbin\u00ebs). Ashtu si n\u00eb turbin\u00eb, n\u00eb shkall\u00eb ndodh zgjerimi i gazit. Krijohet nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb, e cila, duke dal\u00eb nga shkalla, l\u00ebviz avionin. <\/p>\n<p>Me element\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb e kuptuam. Por akoma nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si funksionon? At\u00ebher\u00eb le t\u00eb shohim edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb dhe shkurt. <\/p>\n<p>Ajri nga atmosfera hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjen hyr\u00ebse, ku pak komprimohen dhe d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb kompresor. N\u00eb kompresor, presioni i ajrit rritet edhe m\u00eb tej, si dhe temperatura. Pas kompresorit, ajri kalon n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e djegies dhe, duke u miksuar aty me derivate, ndezet, \u00e7ka rezulton n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs, kur, mund t\u00eb thuhet, presioni mbetet konstant. Pas dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb djegies, gazi i ngroht\u00eb dhe i kompresuar hyn n\u00eb turbin\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb gazit shpenzohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebvizur kompresorin me an\u00eb t\u00eb turbin\u00ebs (q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb funksionin e saj, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrmendet m\u00eb lart), pjesa tjet\u00ebr e energjis\u00eb shpenzohet p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen e avionit, p\u00ebr shkak se gazi, pasi kalon turbin\u00ebn, transformohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb reaktive n\u00eb piper dhe del prej tij (piperit) n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrfundon cikli. Natyrisht, n\u00eb realitet, t\u00eb gjitha proceset e ciklit ndodhin vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n<p>Ky cikli quhet cikli i Braytonit, ose cikli termodinamik me karakter t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe furnizimin me ngrohje n\u00eb presion t\u00eb konstante. T\u00eb gjitha GTD funksionojn\u00eb sipas k\u00ebtij cikli.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/86f04b95963142395a33b47ac809fd34.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Cikli i Braytonit n\u00eb koordinatat P-V<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N-V \u2014 procesi i kompresimit n\u00eb pajisjen hyr\u00ebse <br \/>\nV-K \u2014 procesi i kompresimit n\u00eb kompresor<br \/>\nK-G \u2014 furnizimi me ngrohje izobarik<br \/>\nG-T \u2014 procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb turbin\u00eb<br \/>\nG-S \u2014 procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb gazit n\u00eb piper<br \/>\nS-N \u2014 ndarja izobarike e ngrohjes n\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/1efa852beab907ca1c0a92f80deee463.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konstruktimi skematik i motorit turbo-reaktiv, ku 0-0 \u00ebsht\u00eb boshti i motorit<\/i><\/p>\n<p>TRD mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe dy boshe. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompresori p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga kompresori me presion t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (KND) dhe kompresori me presion t\u00eb lart\u00eb (KVD), nd\u00ebrsa puna do t\u00eb kryhet nga turbina me presion t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (TND) dhe turbina me presion t\u00eb lart\u00eb (TVD) p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht. Kjo skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e favorshme nga ana gazodinamike.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/d956b0cd38d35dc4833207a5dc62eea4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nj\u00eb motor real i k\u00ebtij lloji n\u00eb prerje<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ne shqyrtuam principin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb skem\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb motorit t\u00eb gazit turbin\u00eb aviacioni. Natyrisht, n\u00eb avion\u00ebt modern \"Airbus\" dhe \"Boeing\" instalohet TRDD, struktura e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb e komplikuar, por funksionon t\u00eb gjitha sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave ligje. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb ata.<\/p>\n<h2>Motor turbo-reaktiv me dy cirkuita<\/h2>\n<p>\nTRDDF, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, dallon nga TRD sepse ka dy kontura: t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Konturi i brendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrmban gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ka TRD: kompresorin (t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb KND dhe KVD), dhom\u00ebn e djegies, turbin\u00ebn (t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb TVD dhe TND) dhe sprajt. Konturi i jasht\u00ebm p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb kanal, me spraj n\u00eb fund. N\u00eb t\u00eb nuk ka as dhom\u00eb djegie dhe as turbin\u00eb. Para t\u00eb dy konturave (menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas hyrjes s\u00eb motorit) ndodhet nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb kompresori, q\u00eb punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy konturat. <\/p>\n<p>Pamja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e qart\u00eb, apo jo? Le t\u00eb shohim se si funksionon.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/4e61a8bd224cc09abf0f4f209323935c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Struktura skematike e motorit turborak\u00eat t\u00eb dy aks\u00ebve me dy kontura<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ajri q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb motor, pasi kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkall\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb kompresorit t\u00eb presionit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, ndahet n\u00eb dy rrjedha. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ajrit shkon n\u00eb konturin e brendsh\u00ebm, ku ndodhin ato t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat procese t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr TRD. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr e ajrit shkon n\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm, duke marr\u00eb energji nga shkalla e par\u00eb e KND (ajo q\u00eb punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy konturat). N\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm, energjia e ajrit shpenzohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar humbjet hidraulike (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb f\u00ebrkimit). N\u00eb fund, ky aj\u00ebr bie n\u00eb sprajn e konturit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, duke krijuar nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje t\u00eb madhe. T\u00ebrheqja e krijuar nga konturi i jasht\u00ebm mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb 80% t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes totale t\u00eb motorit. <\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga karakteristikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb TRDDF \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla e dyfisht\u00eb. Shkalla e dyfisht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb raporti i fluksit t\u00eb ajrit n\u00eb konturin e jasht\u00ebm ndaj fluksit t\u00eb ajrit n\u00eb konturin e brendsh\u00ebm. Ky num\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i madh ose m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl se nj\u00eb. N\u00eb motor\u00ebt modern\u00eb, ky num\u00ebr kalon vler\u00ebn 12.<br \/>\nMotoret, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb dyfishi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se dy, zakonisht quhen turboventilatore, nd\u00ebrsa shkalla e par\u00eb e kompresorit (ajo q\u00eb punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy konturat) quhet ventilator. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/f7b18824efddab58aa7c8b7b947c6f62.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>TRDDF i avionit Boeing 757-200. N\u00eb planin e par\u00eb dallohet hyrja e motorit dhe ventilatori<\/i><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb disa motor\u00eb, ventilatori drejtohet nga nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur m\u00eb af\u00ebr sprajtit t\u00eb konturit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. At\u00ebher\u00eb motori b\u00ebhet me tre akse. P\u00ebr shembull, motor\u00ebt Rolls Royce RB211 (t\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb L1011, B747, B757, B767), D-18T (An-124), D-36 (Jak-42) jan\u00eb t\u00eb konceptuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5beaac3f80b6f29b8dd0214e2cd90fa0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>D-18T n\u00eb prerje nga brenda<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Avantazhi kryesor i TRDD-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje t\u00eb madhe dhe efikasitet t\u00eb mir\u00eb, krahasuar me TRD. <\/p>\n<p>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoja p\u00ebr TRDD-n\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb llojin tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb motor\u00ebve\u2014TVD.<\/p>\n<h2>Motor\u00ebt turbi-vin\u00eb<\/h2>\n<p>\nMotori turbi-vin\u00eb, ashtu si edhe motori turborreaktiv, i p\u00ebrket motor\u00ebve gazturbin\u00eb. Ai funksionon pothuajse si nj\u00eb motor turborreaktiv. Nj\u00eb motor elementar turbi-vin\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga element\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb i njohim: kompresori, dhoma e djegies, turbin\u00eb dhe nofull. At\u00ebher\u00eb shtohen reduktori dhe vija. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/3f49eab074ea4dbe840a11bd9c83ec99.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nParimi i funksionimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si ai i motorit turborreaktiv, me dallimin se pothuajse e gjith\u00eb energjia e gazit shpenzohet n\u00eb turbin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrotulluar kompresorin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrotulluar vij\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes reduktorit (k\u00ebtu vija dhe reduktori ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn os\u00eb me kompresorin). Vija krijon shumic\u00ebn e t\u00ebrheqjes. Pjesa e mbetur, pas turbin\u00ebs, e energjis\u00eb i drejtohet nofull\u00ebs, duke formuar nj\u00eb t\u00ebrheqje reaktive, por ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, e cila mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb dhjet\u00ebn e t\u00ebrheqjes totale. Reduktori n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur rrotullimet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar momentin, pasi turbina mund t\u00eb rrotullohet me nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, 10000 rrotullime n\u00eb minut\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa vij\u00ebs i nevojiten vet\u00ebm 1500. Dhe vija \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e r\u00ebnd\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/fc999b26d744f4dc5748bfee2d4e23e4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konstruksioni skematike i TVD<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Por ka edhe nj\u00eb skem\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb motor\u00ebve turbi-vin\u00eb: me turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb. <br \/>\nThelbi i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb se pas turbin\u00ebs normale t\u00eb kompresorit vendoset nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb e ndar\u00eb, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mekanikisht e lidhur me turbin\u00ebn e kompresorit. Kjo turbin\u00eb quhet e lir\u00eb. Lidhja midis turbin\u00ebs s\u00eb kompresorit dhe turbin\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm gazodinamike. Nga turbina e lir\u00eb del nj\u00eb os\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vendosen reduktori me vij\u00ebn. T\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e tjera punojn\u00eb ashtu si n\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb. Shumica e motor\u00ebve modern\u00eb realizohen pik\u00ebrisht sipas k\u00ebsaj skeme. Nj\u00eb nga avantazhet e k\u00ebsaj skeme \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb motorit n\u00eb tok\u00eb, si nj\u00eb burim ndihm\u00ebse energjie (VDU), pa e l\u00ebvizur vij\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/cebe421dbc204833e5153dc956dd897c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Konstruksioni skematike i TVD me turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb theksoj se nuk duhet t\u00eb shikohet motor\u00ebt turbi-vin\u00eb si nj\u00eb mbetje e pap\u00ebrshtatshme e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs. Kam d\u00ebgjuar disa her\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime t\u00eb tilla, por ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb gabuara. <br \/>\nMotori turboviral n\u00eb disa raste ka efikasitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, zakonisht n\u00eb avion\u00ebt me shpejt\u00ebsi jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta (p.sh., n\u00eb 500 km\/h), megjithat\u00eb, avioni mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i madh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, motori turboviral mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm se motori turbojet q\u00eb u shqyrtua m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfundon diskutimi mbi motor\u00ebt turboviral. Po ngadal\u00eb po i afrohemi konceptit t\u00eb motorit turboshaft.<\/p>\n<h2>Motori turboshaft<\/h2>\n<p>\nDuhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb se shumica e lexuesve k\u00ebtu d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb till\u00eb. Ky tip motori p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb helikopter\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Motori turboshaft \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me motorin turboviral me turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Ai gjithashtu p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kompresor, dhom\u00eb djegie, turbin\u00eb kompresori, dhe m\u00eb pas ka nj\u00eb turbin\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e m\u00ebparshme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb gazdinamike. Nj\u00eb motor i till\u00eb nuk krijon shtytje reaksioni, nuk ka nj\u00eb spru\u00e7, vet\u00ebm gazexhimi. Turbina e lir\u00eb ka nj\u00eb bosht t\u00eb saj, i cili lidhet me reduktorin kryesor t\u00eb helikopterit (helixit mbajtur). Po, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb helikopter\u00ebt q\u00eb kam njohur kan\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb reduktor, dhe zakonisht ai \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i madh. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se rrotullimi i helixit t\u00eb helikopterit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ul\u00ebt. N\u00ebse te avioni, si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb m\u00eb lart, ata mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1500 rrotullime\/min, te helikopteri, p\u00ebr shembull te Mi-8, vet\u00ebm 193 rrotullime\/min.<br \/>\nNd\u00ebrsa rrotullimi i motorit te helikopteri shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb (p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb madh\u00ebsive t\u00eb vogla), dhe duhet t\u00eb reduktohet n\u00eb qindra dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00eb. Ka raste kur reduktori ndodhet si n\u00eb motor ashtu edhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb helikopterin, p\u00ebr shembull, te Mi-2 dhe motorin e tij GTD-350. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/618ecb3c441c153994ee9334d12ca8ce.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nj\u00eb konstrukcion i thjesht\u00eb i motorit turboshaft<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Motor\u00eb aviacioni me turbin\u00eb gazi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/338cfff60d6135efb8d04acf45f8c474.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Motori TV3-117 nga helikopteri Mi-8. Nga e djathta duken tubi i gazexhimit dhe boshti i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pra, ne kemi shqyrtuar kat\u00ebr tipa motor\u00ebsh gazturbin\u00eb. Shpresoj q\u00eb teksti im ishte i qart\u00eb dhe i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr ju. T\u00eb gjitha pyetjet dhe v\u00ebrejtjet mund t'i shkruani n\u00eb komentet. <\/p>\n<p>Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455774\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0413\u0422\u0414). \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0413\u0422\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430: \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414) \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0414) \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0422\u0412\u0430\u0414) \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0422\u0420\u0414 \u0438 \u0422\u0420\u0414\u0414 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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