{"id":35442,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:23","slug":"the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog","title":{"rendered":"The Dream Machine: Historia e revolucionit kompjuterik. Prolog","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"The
\nKjo lib\u00ebr rekomandohet nga Alan Kay<\/a><\/noindex>. Ai shpesh thot\u00eb fraz\u00ebn \u00abRevolucioni kompjuterik ende nuk ka ndodhur.\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> Por revolucioni kompjuterik ka filluar. M\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht \u2014 e kan\u00eb filluar njer\u00ebz t\u00eb caktuar, me vlera t\u00eb caktuara dhe ata kishin nj\u00eb vizion, ide, plan. \u00c7far\u00eb parakushtesh e krijuan revolucionar\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb plan? P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb arsye? Ku e kishin n\u00eb mendje t\u00eb \u00e7onin njer\u00ebzimin? N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb faze ndodhemi tani?<\/p>\n

(Fal\u00ebnderim p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin Oxoron<\/a><\/noindex>, kushdo q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin \u2014 shkruani n\u00eb mesazhe private ose n\u00eb email magisterludi2016@yandex.ru)<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"The
\nBikeletat me tre rrota. <\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00ebja q\u00eb i ka mbetur m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb mendje Tracy-t n\u00eb Pentagon. <\/p>\n

Ishte fundi i vitit 1962, ndoshta fillimi i vitit 1963. Megjithat\u00eb, kaloi shum\u00eb pak koh\u00eb nga momenti i zhvendosjes s\u00eb familjes Tracy nga Boston-i p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb re t\u00eb babait n\u00eb ministrin\u00eb e mbrojtjes. Ajri i Uashingtonit ishte i elektrizuar nga energjia dhe entuziazmi i qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re, t\u00eb rinjve. Kriza kubane, muri i Berlinit, marshi p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut \u2014 t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto e shp\u00ebrqendronin 15-vje\u00e7arin Tracy. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb djaloshi kapi me g\u00ebzim ofert\u00ebn e babait p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb zyr\u00eb p\u00ebr disa dokumente t\u00eb harruara. Tracy thjesht e adhuronte Pentagonin.<\/p>\n

Pentagoni \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb vend mahnit\u00ebs, sidomos kur shihet nga nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb e af\u00ebrt. An\u00ebt e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 300 metra t\u00eb gjata dhe q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, sikur t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb qytet pas mureve. Tracy dhe babai i tij e lan\u00eb makin\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb parking t\u00eb madh dhe u drejtuan drejt der\u00ebs kryesore. Pas kalimit t\u00eb procedurave mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, ku Tracy n\u00ebnshkroi dhe mori nj\u00eb badge, ata u drejtuan p\u00ebr n\u00eb koridoret e zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb Bot\u00ebs s\u00eb Liris\u00eb. Dhe gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb pa Tracy ishte nj\u00eb ushtar i ri, duke u dukur serioz, q\u00eb po l\u00ebvizte p\u00ebrpara dhe mbrapa n\u00eb koridor \u2014 duke pedaluar nj\u00eb bikelet\u00eb t\u00eb zgjeruar me tre rrota. Ai po d\u00ebrgonte post\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Absurd. Plot\u00ebsisht absurd. Megjithat\u00eb, ushtari n\u00eb bikelet\u00ebn me tre rrota dukej shum\u00eb serioz dhe i p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Dhe Tracy ishte i detyruar t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb: bikeletat me tre rrota me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kishin kuptim, duke marr\u00eb parasysh koridoret shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjata. Ai tashm\u00eb kishte filluar t\u00eb dyshonte se do t\u00eb arrinin n\u00eb zyr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tracy was amazed that his father actually worked at the Pentagon. He seemed like a pretty ordinary person, neither an official nor a politician. His father looked more like an overgrown child, a tall enough guy with slightly chubby cheeks, dressed in a tweed sports suit and black-framed glasses. At the same time, he had a mischievous expression on his face, as if he was always plotting some kind of prank. Take, for example, the lunch that no one would call normal if dad took it seriously. Despite working at the Pentagon (which is outside the city), he always returned home for lunch with the family and then headed back to the office. It was fun: dad would tell stories, unleash terrible puns, sometimes laughing before finishing; however, his laughter was so infectious that you couldn't help but laugh along with him. The very first thing he would ask upon returning home was Tracy and his 13-year-old sister Lindsey: 'What altruistic, inventive, or interesting thing did you do today?' and he was genuinely interested. Tracy and Lindsey would recall the entire day, sifting through their deeds and trying to categorize them according to his outlined categories.<\/p>\n

Dheksit gjithashtu ishin impresionuese. N\u00ebna dhe babai adhuronin t\u00eb provonin pjata t\u00eb reja dhe t\u00eb vizitonin restorante t\u00eb reja. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, babai duke pritur porosin\u00eb, nuk e lejonte Lindzin dhe Trejsin t\u00eb m\u00ebrziteshin, duke i arg\u00ebtuar me detyra si \"N\u00ebse treni l\u00ebviz n\u00eb per\u00ebndim me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb 40 milje n\u00eb or\u00eb, dhe avioni e p\u00ebrshkon at\u00eb me ...\". Trejsi ishte kaq i mir\u00eb n\u00eb to sa i zgjidhte n\u00eb mendje. Nd\u00ebrsa Lindzi vet\u00ebm sa b\u00ebnte sikur ishte nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e turpshme tredhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

'Well, Lindsey,' dad would ask, 'if a bicycle wheel rolls on the ground, do all the spokes move at the same speed?'<\/p>\n

'Of course!'<\/p>\n

'Unfortunately, no,' dad would reply, explaining why the spoke on the ground is practically stationary, while the spoke at the highest point moves twice as fast as the bicycle \u2014 drawing graphs and diagrams on napkins that would do Leonardo da Vinci proud. (Once, at a conference, a guy offered dad $50 for his drawings).<\/p>\n

Dhe ekspozitat q\u00eb ata vizitonin? N\u00eb fundjav\u00eb, n\u00ebna e tyre p\u00eblqente t\u00eb kalonte pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr veten, dhe babai merrte Tracy-n\u00eb dhe Lindsay-n\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb admiruar pikturat, zakonisht n\u00eb Galerin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Artit. Zakonisht ishin piktor\u00ebt impresionist\u00eb t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb babait: Hugo, Monet, Picasso, Cezanne. Ai p\u00eblqente drit\u00ebn, shk\u00eblqimin q\u00eb dukej se kalonte p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre kanavacave. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, babai shpjegonte si t\u00eb shiheshin pikturat duke u bazuar n\u00eb tekniken e 'z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ngjyrave' (ai ishte psikolog n\u00eb Harvard dhe MIT). P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse mbyllni nj\u00eb sy me dor\u00eb, largoheni nga piktura p\u00ebr 5 metra, pastaj shpejt hiqni dor\u00ebn dhe shikoni piktur\u00ebn me dy sy, sip\u00ebrfaqja e shesht\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkulet n\u00eb tre dimensione. Dhe kjo funksionon! Ai sh\u00ebtiste me Tracy-n\u00eb dhe Lindsay-n\u00eb p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra n\u00eb galeri, dhe secili prej tyre shihte pikturat me nj\u00ebrin sy t\u00eb mbyllur. <\/p>\n

Ata dukeshin t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm. Por gjithmon\u00eb ishin paksa nj\u00eb familje e pazakont\u00eb (n\u00eb kuptimin e mir\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs). Krahasuar me shok\u00ebt e shkoll\u00ebs, Tracy dhe Lindsay ishin ndryshe. T\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. T\u00eb eksperimentuar. Babai e donte t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Tracy dhe Lindsay u rrit\u00ebn duke menduar se ishte krejt\u00ebsisht normale: t\u00eb udh\u00ebtosh n\u00ebp\u00ebr Europ\u00eb ose Kaliforni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb ose nj\u00eb muaj. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, prind\u00ebrit e tyre shpenzonin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr p\u00ebr udh\u00ebtimet sesa p\u00ebr mobiljet, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb sht\u00ebpia e madhe n\u00eb stilin viktorian n\u00eb Massachusetts t\u00eb ishte e dekoruar me 'kutia dhe seksione portokalli'. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 tyre, n\u00ebna dhe babai mbushnin sht\u00ebpin\u00eb me aktor\u00eb, shkrimtar\u00eb, artist\u00eb dhe llokum t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, pa countar student\u00ebt e babait, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb \u00e7do kat. N\u00ebna i d\u00ebrgonte ata drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e babait n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb, ku ishte nj\u00eb tavolin\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb e rrethuar me nj\u00eb grumbull let\u00ebr. Baba kurr\u00eb nuk organizonte gj\u00ebrat. Megjithat\u00eb, mbi tavolin\u00eb mbante nj\u00eb en\u00eb me karame dietike, t\u00eb cilat duhej t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb urin\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll, dhe q\u00eb babai i hante si karamele t\u00eb zakonshme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, babai nuk ishte njeriu q\u00eb do t\u00eb prisnit t\u00eb kishit gjetur duke punuar n\u00eb Pentagon. Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebtu ishte ai duke kaluar me Tracy-n\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr korridore t\u00eb gjata.<\/p>\n

Kur kur t\u00eb arritnin n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e babait, Tracy mendoi se ata kishin kaluar nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me disa fusha futbolli. Kur pa zyr\u00ebn, ai ndjeu... zhg\u00ebnjim? Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb der\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb koridor plot me dyer. Pas saj ishte nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb e zakonshme, e pikturuar n\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebn e zakonshme t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr ushtarak, nj\u00eb tavolin\u00eb, disa karrige dhe disa dollap\u00eb me dosje. Kishte nj\u00eb dritare nga e cila mund t\u00eb shihej nj\u00eb mur i mbushur me dritare t\u00eb ngjashme. Tracy nuk e dinte se si duhej t\u00eb dukej nj\u00eb zyr\u00eb n\u00eb Pentagon, por me siguri jo nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb si kjo.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, Tracy madje nuk ishte i sigurt se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebnte babai i tij n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zyr\u00eb gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebn. Puna e tij nuk ishte sekrete, por ai punonte n\u00eb ministrin\u00eb e mbrojtjes dhe babai e merrte k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb seriozisht, pa u shprehur shum\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Dhe, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-vje\u00e7are, Tracy nuk e kishte shum\u00eb p\u00ebr zem\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb babai b\u00ebnte atje. E vetmja gj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai ishte i sigurt \u2014 babai po b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer dhe kalonte shum\u00eb koh\u00eb duke u munduar t\u00eb b\u00ebnte q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb b\u00ebnin disa gj\u00ebra, dhe gjith\u00e7ka kishte lidhje me kompjuter\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi. Babai i tij ishte i entuziazmuar p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt. N\u00eb Kembrixh, n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb Bolt Beranek and Newman<\/a><\/noindex> an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit k\u00ebrkimor t\u00eb babait kishin nj\u00eb kompjuter q\u00eb e kishin modifikuar vet\u00eb. Ishte nj\u00eb makin\u00eb e madhe, sa disa frigorifer\u00eb. P\u00ebrreth saj ishte nj\u00eb tastier\u00eb, nj\u00eb ekran q\u00eb tregonte at\u00eb q\u00eb po shkruaje, nj\u00eb stilolaps me drit\u00eb \u2014 gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrroje. Madje kishte dhe nj\u00eb softuer t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb lejonte disa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb punonin nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht duke p\u00ebrdorur disa terminale. Babai luante me makin\u00ebn dit\u00eb e nat\u00eb, duke shkruar programe. N\u00eb fundjav\u00eb ai merrte Tracy dhe Lindsay q\u00eb t\u00eb luanin gjithashtu (pastaj shkonin p\u00ebr hamburger\u00eb dhe patate n\u00eb kafenen\u00eb e Howard Johnson-it p\u00ebrball\u00eb; arriti deri aty sa kamerieret madje nuk prisnin porosit\u00eb e tyre, thjesht p\u00ebrgatitnin hamburger\u00ebt sapo shihnin vizitor\u00ebt e rregullt). Babai madje kishte shkruar nj\u00eb m\u00ebsues elektronik p\u00ebr ta. N\u00ebse ti shkruaje fjal\u00ebn si\u00e7 duhet \u2014 ai jepte \"Pranuesh\u00ebm\". N\u00ebse gabonit \u2014 \"Dumbkopf\". (Kjo ndodhi vite para se dikush t\u2019i tregonte babait se n\u00eb fjal\u00ebn gjermane \"Dummkopf\" nuk kishte shkronj\u00ebn b)<\/p>\n

Traisi i p\u00ebrshtatej gj\u00ebrave t\u00eb tilla si di\u00e7ka natyrale; ai madje u b\u00eb vet\u00eb programues. Por tani, duke e par\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 vjet, nga perspektiva e nj\u00eb shekulli t\u00eb ri, ai e kupton se ndoshta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk iu kushtoi shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje asaj \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebnte babai i tij n\u00eb Pentagon. Ai ishte i privilegjuar. Ishte si ato f\u00ebmij\u00ebt sot, t\u00eb rrethuar nga grafika 3D, q\u00eb luajn\u00eb me disqe DVD dhe shfletojn\u00eb n\u00eb internet, duke e par\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb si di\u00e7ka t\u00eb natyrshme. Pasi pa baban\u00eb e tij q\u00eb nd\u00ebrvepronte me kompjuterin (duke u arg\u00ebtuar), Traisi supozoi se kompjuter\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Ai nuk e dinte (nuk kishte ndonj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb mendonte) se p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn, fjala kompjuter ende do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb kutin\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, gjysm\u00eb mistike, me madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb muri dhome, nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues, i paepur, t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm q\u00eb u sh\u00ebrben atyre \u2014 institucioneve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha \u2014 duke i shnd\u00ebrruar njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb numra n\u00eb kartat perforuese. Traisi nuk kishte koh\u00eb t\u00eb kuptonte se babai i tij ishte nj\u00eb nga ata pak njer\u00ebz n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb shihnin teknologjin\u00eb dhe shihnin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

Babai gjithmon\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrrimtar, nj\u00eb djal\u00eb q\u00eb vazhdimisht pyeste \u2018\u00e7far\u00eb n\u00ebse\u2026?\u2019. Ai besonte se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha kompjuter\u00ebt do t\u00eb ishin si makina e tij n\u00eb Kembrixh. Ata do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb njohur. Ata do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeshin individ\u00ebve, do t\u00eb fitonin personalitet. Do t\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb mjedis i ri (vet\u00eb)shprehjeje. Do t\u00eb ofronin qasje demokratike n\u00eb informacion, do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsonin komunikimin, do t\u00eb krijonin nj\u00eb ambient t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr tregtin\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrveprimin. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim \u2014 do t\u00eb hynin n\u00eb nj\u00eb simbioz\u00eb me njer\u00ebzit, duke formuar nj\u00eb lidhje q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mendonte shum\u00eb m\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm se \u00e7'mund t\u00eb imagjinoj\u00eb njeriu, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunonte informacionin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb nuk do t'i arrinte asnj\u00eb makin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dhe babai n\u00eb Pentagon b\u00ebnte gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr ta shnd\u00ebrruar besimin e tij n\u00eb realitet. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb MIT ai iniciuonte Project MAC<\/a><\/noindex>, eksperimenti i par\u00eb bot\u00ebror n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb me kompjuter\u00ebt personal\u00eb. Menaxher\u00ebt e projektit nuk kishin asnj\u00eb shpres\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar nj\u00eb kompjuter personal p\u00ebr \u00e7do individ, jo n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb ku kompjuteri m\u00eb i lir\u00eb kushtonte qindra mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb. Por ata mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndanin disa terminale t\u00eb larg\u00ebta n\u00eb kampuse dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr sht\u00ebpi. K\u00ebshtu, duke ndar\u00eb koh\u00ebn, ata mund t\u00eb urdh\u00ebronin makinerin\u00eb qendrore q\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndante cop\u00ebza t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb procesorit shum\u00eb-shum\u00eb shpejt, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do p\u00ebrdorues ta ndiente se makina po iu p\u00ebrgjigjej personalisht. Skema funksionoi mrekullisht mir\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb disa vite, Project MAC jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiu qindra njer\u00ebz n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin me kompjuter\u00ebt, por gjithashtu u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e par\u00eb onlne n\u00eb bot\u00eb, u zgjua n\u00eb tablon\u00eb e par\u00eb t\u00eb njoftimeve onlne, e-mail, shk\u00ebmbim<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, babai i Tracy kishte nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00eb djalosh t\u00eb turpsh\u00ebm, i cili i ishte afruar atij pothuajse n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb re n\u00eb Pentagon, dhe idet\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr \"Forcimin e inteligjenc\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore\" ishin t\u00eb ngjashme me idet\u00eb e simbioz\u00ebs njeri-kompjuter. Douglas Engelbart<\/a><\/noindex> ishte z\u00ebri i \u00ebndrrave m\u00eb guximtare. Shefat e tij n\u00eb SRI International (m\u00eb von\u00eb e njohur si Silicon Valley) e konsideronin Douglas nj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mendur t\u00eb pa shpres\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, babai i Tracy i dha mb\u00ebshtetje financiare t\u00eb par\u00eb Engelbart (duke e mbrojtur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nga shefat e tij), dhe Engelbart me grupin e tij shpik\u00ebn miun, dritaret, hypertekstin, redaktorin e tekstit dhe bazat p\u00ebr inovacione t\u00eb tjera. Prezentimi i Engelbart n\u00eb vitin 1968 n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn e San Francisco e befasoi mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz \u2014 dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb nj\u00eb moment p\u00ebrcaktues n\u00eb historin\u00eb e kompjuter\u00ebve, momenti kur brezi i ri i profesionist\u00ebve t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve m\u00eb n\u00eb fund kuptoi se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihej duke bashk\u00ebvepruar me kompjuterin. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e brezit t\u00eb ri mor\u00ebn ndihm\u00eb n\u00eb arsimim me mb\u00ebshtetje nga babai Tracy dhe pasardh\u00ebsit e tij n\u00eb Pentagon \u2014 disa nga k\u00ebt\u00eb brez m\u00eb von\u00eb u mblodh\u00ebn n\u00eb PARC, Qendra e K\u00ebrkimeve Palo Alto q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste Xerox. Atje ata e realizuan vizionin e babait p\u00ebr 'simbioz\u00eb' n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb q\u00eb ne e p\u00ebrdorimdekada m\u00eb von\u00eb: kompjuteri personal, me ekran grafik dhe miun, nd\u00ebrfaqja grafike e p\u00ebrdoruesit me dritare, ikona, meny, bara p\u00ebr skrollim, etj. Printerat laser. Dhe rrjetet lokale Ethernet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, ishte komunikimi. Duke punuar n\u00eb Pentagon, babai i Tracy kalonte shumic\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb fluturime aviacioni, duke k\u00ebrkuar vazhdimisht grupe k\u00ebrkimesh t\u00eb izoluara q\u00eb punonin mbi tema q\u00eb lidheshin me vizionin e tij p\u00ebr simbioz\u00ebn njeri-kompjuter. Q\u00ebllimi i tij ishte t\u00eb bashkonte ata n\u00eb nj\u00eb komunitet t\u00eb vet\u00ebshkruar, nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb avanconte drejt \u00ebndrr\u00ebs s\u00eb tij edhe pasi ai do t\u00eb largohej nga Washington. M\u00eb 25 Prill 1963 n\u00eb sh\u00ebnimin p\u00ebr 'an\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe pasardh\u00ebsit e Rrjetit Nd\u00ebrgalaktik t\u00eb Kompjuter\u00ebve'<\/a><\/noindex> Ai ai sh\u00ebnuar pjes\u00ebn ky\u00e7e t\u00eb strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij: t\u00eb bashkoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kompjuter\u00ebt individual\u00eb (sh\u00ebnim: jo personal\u00eb \u2013 koha p\u00ebr ta nuk ka ardhur ende) n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet kompjuterik t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, q\u00eb mbulon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin. Teknologjit\u00eb rrjet\u00ebrore primitive ekzistuese nuk lejonin krijimin e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb till\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, mendja e babait ishte shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpara. S\u00eb shpejti ai po fliste p\u00ebr Rrjetin Intergalaktik si nj\u00eb ambient elektronik t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, \"ambienti kryesor dhe themelor i nd\u00ebrveprimit informacionit p\u00ebr qeverit\u00eb, organizatat, korporatat dhe njer\u00ebzit\". Bashkimi elektronik do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste bankingun elektronik, tregtin\u00eb, bibliotekat digjitale, \"Udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr investime, konsultime tatimore, shp\u00ebrndarje selektive informacioni n\u00eb fush\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb specializimit, njoftime p\u00ebr ngjarje kulturore, sportive, arg\u00ebtuese\" \u2013 etj. Dhe etj. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1960, kjo vizion e frym\u00ebzoi t\u00eb zgjedhurit e pap\u00ebs t\u00eb realizonin Rrjetin Intergalaktik, tani i njohur si Arpanet. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, n\u00eb vitin 1970 ata shkuan m\u00eb tej, duke zgjeruar Arpanet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet rrjetesh, tani t\u00eb njohur si Interneti.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje, babai Tracy ishte pjes\u00eb e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb forcave q\u00eb, n\u00eb thelb, e b\u00ebri kompjuterin ashtu si\u00e7 e njohim: ndarja e koh\u00ebs, kompjuter\u00ebt personal\u00eb, maus, nd\u00ebrfaqja grafike e p\u00ebrdoruesit, shp\u00ebrthimi i krijimtaris\u00eb n\u00eb Xerox PARC, dhe Interneti \u2013 si kulmi i t\u00eb gjitha. Natyrisht, as ai nuk mund ta imagjinonte nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb rezultat, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn jo n\u00eb vitin 1962. Por ky ishte objektivi i tij. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ai e nxori familjen nga sht\u00ebpia e tyre t\u00eb dashur dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ai shkoi n\u00eb Washington p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb me nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb burokracis\u00eb s\u00eb urrejtur: ai besonte n\u00eb \u00ebndrr\u00ebn e tij.<\/p>\n

Sepse ai vendosi t\u00eb shihte se si ajo b\u00ebhet realitet.<\/p>\n

Sepse Pentagon-i \u2013 edhe n\u00ebse disa nga udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e tij ende nuk e kuptuan k\u00ebt\u00eb \u2013 po investonte para p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb realitet.<\/p>\n

Sapo q\u00eb babai i Tracy-s\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi t\u00eb gjitha dokumentet dhe u p\u00ebrgatit t\u00eb largohej, ai nxori nj\u00eb grusht etiketash plastike t\u00eb gjelbra. \"K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ti i b\u00ebn burokrat\u00ebt t\u00eb lumtur,\" shpjegoi ai. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb largohej nga zyra, duhej t\u00eb vendoste etiket\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dosjet e tavolin\u00ebs: e gjelbra p\u00ebr materialet publike, pastaj e verdha, e kuqe, dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb, sipas rritjes s\u00eb sekretit. Pak qesharake, duke pasur parasysh se rrall\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 e gjelbra. Megjithat\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb rregull t\u00eb till\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb...<\/p>\n

Babai i Tracy-s\u00eb i ngjiti etiketat e gjelbra n\u00eb zyr\u00eb, thjesht q\u00eb kushdo q\u00eb do t\u00eb shihte t\u00eb mendonte: \"Pronari lokal e merr seriozisht sigurin\u00eb.\" \"Mir\u00eb,\" tha ai, \"mund t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb.\" <\/p>\n

Tracy dhe babai i saj lan\u00eb pas der\u00ebn e zyr\u00ebs, mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte vendosur nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb<\/p>\n

\"The
\n
\n \u2014 dhe filluan udh\u00ebtimin e kthimit p\u00ebrmes korridoreve t\u00eb gjata, t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb Pentagonit, ku djem t\u00eb rinj serioz\u00eb me bi\u00e7ikleta me tre rrota transportonin informacionin p\u00ebr vizat e burocracis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

To be continued... Kapitulli 1. Djemt\u00eb nga Missouri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

(Fal\u00ebnderim p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin Oxoron<\/a><\/noindex>, kushdo q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin \u2014 shkruani n\u00eb mesazhe private ose n\u00eb email magisterludi2016@yandex.ru)<\/i><\/p>\n

\"The
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u042d\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.\u00bb \u041d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u0415\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d? \u041f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c? \u041a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e? \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u043c\u044b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47The Dream Machine: Historia e revolucionit kompjuterik. 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