{"id":35442,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:23","slug":"the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/the-dream-machine-istoriya-kompyuternoj-revolyutsii-prolog","title":{"rendered":"Makin\u00eb e \u00ebndrrave: Historia e revolucionit kompjuterik. Prolog","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Makin\u00eb
\nKjo lib\u00ebr rekomandohet nga Alan Kay<\/a><\/noindex>. Ai shpesh thot\u00eb fraz\u00ebn \u00abRevolucioni kompjuterik ende nuk ka ndodhur.\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> Por revolucioni kompjuterik ka filluar. M\u00eb sakt\u00eb - e filluan. E filluan njer\u00ebz t\u00eb caktuar, me vlera t\u00eb caktuara dhe ata kishin nj\u00eb vizion, ide, plan. Nga cilat premisa revolucionar\u00ebt krijuan planin? P\u00ebr cilat arsye? Ku e kishin n\u00eb mendje t\u00eb \u00e7onin njer\u00ebzimin? N\u00eb cil\u00ebn faz\u00eb jemi tani?<\/p>\n

(Faleminderit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin Oxoron<\/a><\/noindex>, kush do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin - shkruani n\u00eb privat ose n\u00eb email magisterludi2016@yandex.ru)<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Makin\u00eb
\nBicikletat me tre rrota. <\/p>\n

Kjo ishte ajo q\u00eb i mbeti m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb Tracy-t n\u00eb Pentagon. <\/p>\n

Ishte fundi i vitit 1962, ndoshta fillimi i vitit 1963. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, kishte kaluar shum\u00eb pak koh\u00eb nga momenti q\u00eb familja Tracy u transferua nga Bostoni p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e re t\u00eb babait n\u00eb ministrin\u00eb e mbrojtjes. Ajri i Uashingtonit ishte i mbushur me energjin\u00eb dhe dinamik\u00ebn e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb re. Kriza kubane, muri i Berlinit, marshime p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut - t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto e frym\u00ebzonin Tracy-n, i cili ishte vet\u00ebm pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb ai u g\u00ebzua t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb ofert\u00ebn e babait p\u00ebr t\u00eb ecur deri n\u00eb zyr\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb harruar. Tracy ishte thjesht i mahnitur nga Pentagon.<\/p>\n

Pentagoni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend v\u00ebrtet mahnit\u00ebs, sidomos kur e shikon nga af\u00ebr. An\u00ebt e tij, rreth 300 metra t\u00eb gjata, q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kodrin\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, si nj\u00eb qytet pas mureve. Tracy bashk\u00eb me baban\u00eb lan\u00eb makin\u00ebn n\u00eb parkimin e madh dhe shkuan drejt der\u00ebs kryesore. Pas kalimit t\u00eb procedurave mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, n\u00eb post\u00ebn ku Tracy firmosi dhe mori nj\u00eb identifikues, ata u drejtuan n\u00ebp\u00ebr korridorin n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn e mbrojtjes s\u00eb Bot\u00ebs s\u00eb Lir\u00eb. E para q\u00eb pa Tracy ishte nj\u00eb ushtar i ri, q\u00eb dukej shum\u00eb serioz, q\u00eb l\u00ebvizte p\u00ebrpara dhe prapa n\u00eb korridor - duke pedaluar nj\u00eb biciklet\u00eb me tre rrota t\u00eb zgjeruar. Ai po dor\u00ebzonte posta.<\/p>\n

Absurd. Plot\u00ebsisht absurd. Megjithat\u00eb, ushtari n\u00eb biciklet\u00ebn me tre rrota dukej shum\u00eb serioz dhe i p\u00ebrkushtuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tij. Dhe Tracy e kuptoi se bicikletat me tre rrota kishin t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kuptim, duke pasur parasysh korridoret shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjata. Ai vet\u00eb kishte filluar t\u00eb dyshonte se do t\u00eb merrnin nj\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb zyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Tracy u habit se si babai i tij punonte n\u00eb Pentagon. Ai ishte nj\u00eb njeri krejt normal, as b\u00ebsh dhe as politikan. Baba p\u00ebrfytyrohej si nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb i rritur tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb djalosh mjaft i gjat\u00eb, me faqe disi t\u00eb plota, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kostum sportiv t\u00eb tweed-it dhe syze me korniz\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Ai kishte nj\u00eb shprehje t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, sikur gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb kishte ndonj\u00eb kapri\u00e7\u00eb. Merre me mend drek\u00ebn e cila asnj\u00eb nuk do ta quante normale n\u00ebse babai e merrte at\u00eb seriozisht. Pavar\u00ebsisht pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Pentagon (dmth nga qyteti), babai gjithmon\u00eb kthehej p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb drek\u00eb me familjen dhe pastaj kthehej n\u00eb zyr\u00eb. Ishte k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi: babai tregonte histori, shprehte shakat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb duke qeshur para se t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb; megjithat\u00eb qeshte aq ngjitsh\u00ebm sa mbetej vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb qeshur me t\u00eb. Gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebnte kur kthehej n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi ishte se pyeste Tracy-n dhe motr\u00ebn e tij 13-vje\u00e7are, Lindsey: \u00ab\u00c7far\u00eb keni b\u00ebr\u00eb sot t\u00eb dobishme, krijuese, ose interesante?\u00bb dhe ai v\u00ebrtet ishte i interesuar. Tracy dhe Lindsey kujtonin gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebn q\u00eb kaloi, duke renditur veprat e b\u00ebra dhe duke tentuar t'i renditnin ato sipas kategorive t\u00eb caktuara.<\/p>\n

Drek\u00ebs ishin gjithashtu mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse. Mama dhe babai p\u00eblqenin t\u00eb provonin pjata t\u00eb reja dhe t\u00eb vizitonin restorante t\u00eb reja. N\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, baba q\u00eb priste porosin\u00eb nuk i linte t\u00eb m\u00ebrziteshin Lindsey-n dhe Tracy-n, duke i arg\u00ebtuar ata me sfida si \u00abN\u00ebse treni l\u00ebviz n\u00eb per\u00ebndim me shpejt\u00ebsi 40 milje n\u00eb or\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa avioni e kalon at\u00eb me ...\u00bb. Tracy ishte aq i mir\u00eb n\u00eb to sa i zgjidhte n\u00eb mendje. Lindsey p\u00ebrkundrazi, thjesht b\u00ebnte sikur ishte nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e turp\u00ebruar e tremb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

\u00abMir\u00eb, Lindsey,\u00bb pyeste at\u00ebher\u00eb baba, \u00abn\u00ebse guma e biciklet\u00ebs rrotullohet p\u00ebrpara, a l\u00ebvizin t\u00eb gjitha spicat me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn shpejt\u00ebsi?\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00abSigurisht!\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00abM\u00eb vjen keq, jo\u00bb, p\u00ebrgjigjej babai, dhe shpjegonte se pse spica n\u00eb tok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pal\u00ebvizshme, kurse spica n\u00eb pik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb l\u00ebviz dyfish m\u00eb shpejt se bicikleta - duke vizatuar grafik\u00eb dhe diagrame mbi servet q\u00eb do t'i b\u00ebnte nder Leonardo da Vinci. (Nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb, nj\u00eb djalosh i ofroi babait 50 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr skicat e tij).<\/p>\n

Dhe kishin vizita n\u00eb ekspozita? N\u00eb fundjav\u00eb, n\u00ebna p\u00eblqente t'i kushtonte pak koh\u00eb vetes, dhe baba merrte Tracy dhe Lindsey t\u00eb shikonin pikturat, zakonisht n\u00eb Galerin\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Arteve. Zakonisht k\u00ebto ishin impresionist\u00eb t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb babait: Hugo, Monet, Picasso, Cezanne. I p\u00eblqente drita, shk\u00eblqimi q\u00eb dukej se kalonte p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre kanavacave. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, baba shpjegonte se si t\u00eb shihnin pikturat duke u bazuar n\u00eb teknik\u00ebn e \"z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ngjyrave\" (ai ishte psikolog n\u00eb Harvard dhe MIT). P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse mbyllni nj\u00eb sy me dor\u00eb, largoheni nga piktura p\u00ebr 5 metra, dhe pastaj hiqni dor\u00ebn dhe shikoni piktur\u00ebn me dy sy, sip\u00ebrfaqja e l\u00ebmuar do t\u00eb deformohet n\u00eb tri dimensione. Dhe funksionon! Ai kalonte or\u00eb me Tracy dhe Lindsey n\u00eb galeri, dhe secili prej tyre shihte pikturat me nj\u00eb sy t\u00eb mbyllur. <\/p>\n

Duketin t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm. Por gjithmon\u00eb ishin paksa t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb si familje (n\u00eb kuptimin e mir\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs). N\u00eb krahasim me shok\u00ebt e shkoll\u00ebs, Tracy dhe Lindsey ishin ndryshe. T\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb. Baba e donte t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte, p\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Tracy dhe Lindsey u rrit\u00ebn me mendimin se ishte krejt\u00ebsisht normale: t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb ose Kaliforni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb ose nj\u00eb muaj. N\u00eb fakt, prind\u00ebrit e tyre po shpenzonin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr p\u00ebr udh\u00ebtime sesa p\u00ebr mobilje, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb sht\u00ebpia e tyre e madhe n\u00eb stilin viktorian n\u00eb Massachusetts t\u00eb ishte e dekoruar n\u00eb stilin \"kutive portokalli dhe bordura\". P\u00ebrve\u00e7 tyre, n\u00ebna dhe babai mbush\u00ebn sht\u00ebpin\u00eb me aktor\u00eb, shkrimtar\u00eb, artist\u00eb dhe personazhe t\u00eb tjera ekscentrike, pa p\u00ebrmendur student\u00ebt e babait, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb takohej n\u00eb \u00e7do kat. N\u00ebna, kur ishte e nevojshme, i d\u00ebrgonte direkt n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e babait n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb, ku kishte nj\u00eb tavolin\u00eb t\u00eb rrethuar nga male letresh. Baba kurr\u00eb nuk i mblidhte ato. N\u00eb tavolin\u00ebn e tij, megjithat\u00eb, mbante nj\u00eb lule me \u00ebmb\u00eblsira dietike, t\u00eb cilat duhej t\u00eb kontrollonin apetitine, dhe t\u00eb cilat baba i konsumonte si \u00ebmb\u00eblsira t\u00eb zakonshme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, baba nuk ishte tipi i njeriut q\u00eb do t\u00eb prisnit ta gjenit duke punuar n\u00eb Pentagon. Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebtu ishte ai, duke ecur me Tracy n\u00ebp\u00ebr korridoret e gjata.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb momentin kur arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e babait, Tracy mendoi se ata duhej t\u00eb kishin kaluar gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb disa fushave futbolli. Pasi pa kabin\u00ebn, ai ndjeu\u2026 zhg\u00ebnjim? Thjesht nj\u00eb der\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb korridor plot me dyer. Pas saj nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb e zakonshme, t\u00eb pash\u00eb n\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebn e zakonshme t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr ushtarak, tavolina, disa karrige dhe disa dollap\u00eb me dosje. Kishte nj\u00eb dritare, nga e cila mund t\u00eb shihje nj\u00eb mur t\u00eb mbushur me dritare t\u00eb ngjashme. Tracy nuk e dinte se si duhej t\u00eb dukej nj\u00eb zyr\u00eb n\u00eb Pentagon, por patjet\u00ebr q\u00eb jo nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb si kjo.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, Tracy as q\u00eb ishte i sigurt se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebnte babai n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zyr\u00eb gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebn. Puna e tij nuk ishte sekrete, por ai punonte n\u00eb ministrin\u00eb e mbrojtjes, dhe baba e merrte k\u00ebt\u00eb me shum\u00eb seriozitet, pa u shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Dhe m\u00eb besoni, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, Tracy nuk e shqet\u00ebsonte shum\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebnte babai atje. E vetmja gj\u00eb mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte i sigurt - baba ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer dhe kalonte shum\u00eb koh\u00eb duke p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb b\u00ebnte q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb b\u00ebnin disa gj\u00ebra, dhe e gjith\u00eb kjo kishte ndonj\u00eb lidhje me kompjuterat. <\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi. Baba i tij ishte entuziast p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt. N\u00eb Cambridge, n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb Bolt Beranek and Newman<\/a><\/noindex> an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit hulumtues t\u00eb babait kishin nj\u00eb kompjuter q\u00eb ata e krijuan vet\u00eb. Ishte nj\u00eb makin\u00eb e madhe, sa disa frigorifer\u00eb. Pran\u00eb saj kishte nj\u00eb tastier\u00eb, nj\u00eb ekran q\u00eb tregonte at\u00eb q\u00eb po shtypje, nj\u00eb stilolaps ndri\u00e7ues - gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshironit. Edhe nj\u00eb soft i posa\u00e7\u00ebm ishte, i cili lejonte disa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb punonin nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me disa terminale. Baba luante me makin\u00ebn dit\u00eb e nat\u00eb, duke shkruar programe. N\u00eb fundjav\u00eb ai merrte Tracy dhe Lindsey q\u00eb t\u00eb luanin gjithashtu (pastaj shkonin p\u00ebr hamburger\u00eb dhe patate t\u00eb skuqura n\u00eb kafene Howard Johnson p\u00ebrtej rrug\u00ebs; ishte nj\u00eb pik\u00eb saq\u00eb kamarieret as nuk prisnin porosit\u00eb e tyre, por p\u00ebrgatisnin hamburger\u00ebt sapo i shihnin vizitor\u00ebt e rregullt). Baba madje kishte shkruar nj\u00eb m\u00ebsues elektronik p\u00ebr ta. N\u00ebse shkruate fjal\u00ebn sakt\u00eb - ai thoshte \"Pranueshme\". N\u00ebse gabonit - \"Dumbkopf\". (Kjo ndodhte vite p\u00ebrpara se ndokush t'i tregonte babait se n\u00eb fjal\u00ebn gjermane \"Dummkopf\" nuk kishte shkronj\u00ebn b).<\/p>\n

Tracy e shihte gj\u00ebrat e tilla si di\u00e7ka natyrale; ai madje m\u00ebsoi t\u00eb programonte vet\u00eb. Por tani, duke par\u00eb pas m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 vjet, nga perspektiva e nj\u00eb shekulli t\u00eb ri ai kupton se ndoshta pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk i kushtoi shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje asaj me \u00e7far\u00eb merrej babai i tij n\u00eb Pentagon. Ai ishte rrethuar. Ai ishte si ata f\u00ebmij\u00eb sot, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt rrethohen nga grafika 3D, luajn\u00eb me disqe DVD dhe shfletojn\u00eb internetin, duke e perceptuar k\u00ebt\u00eb si nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb natyrshme. Duke par\u00eb babain e tij duke interaguar me kompjuterin (duke nd\u00ebrvepruar me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi), Tracy supozonte se kompjuter\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Ai nuk e dinte (nuk kishte ndonj\u00eb arsyetim p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar) se p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn, fjala kompjuter akoma do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb kuti t\u00eb madhe, gjysm\u00eb mistike, me p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb dhom\u00ebs, nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues, i pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, i pam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm, i cili sh\u00ebrben atyre \u2014 institucioneve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha \u2014 duke tkurrur njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb numra n\u00eb kartat perforuese. Tracy nuk kishte koh\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijesohej se babai i tij ishte nj\u00eb nga ata disa njer\u00ebz n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb shihte teknologjin\u00eb dhe shihte mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e di\u00e7kaje krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

Babai gjithmon\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrrimtar, nj\u00eb djal\u00eb q\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb pyeste \"po sikur\u2026?\". Ai besonte se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kompjuter\u00ebt do t\u00eb ishin si makina e tij n\u00eb Cambridge. Do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb njohur. Do t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb gjendje t'u p\u00ebrgjigjeshin njer\u00ebzve, do t\u00eb fitonin individualitetin e tyre. Do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin nj\u00eb mjedis i ri p\u00ebr (auto)shprehjen. Do t\u00eb ofronin qasje demokratike n\u00eb informacion, do t\u00eb siguronin komunikim, do t\u00eb krijonin nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr tregtin\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrveprimin. N\u00eb fund \u2014 do t\u00eb hynin n\u00eb nj\u00eb simbioz\u00eb me njer\u00ebzit, duke formuar nj\u00eb lidhje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb fort se sa njeriu mund ta imagjinoj\u00eb, por t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunoj\u00eb informacionin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb asnj\u00eb makin\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dhe babai n\u00eb Pentagon po b\u00ebnte gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar besimin e tij n\u00eb jet\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb MIT ai lan\u00e7oi Project MAC<\/a><\/noindex>, eksperimentin e par\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb me kompjuter\u00eb personal\u00eb. Menaxher\u00ebt e projektit nuk kishin as shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebr \u00e7do person nj\u00eb kompjuter personal, jo n\u00eb bot\u00ebn ku kompjuteri m\u00eb i lir\u00eb kushtonte qindra mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb. Por ata mund t\u00eb shtrinin nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb terminalesh t\u00eb larg\u00ebta n\u00eb kampuse dhe sht\u00ebpi student\u00ebsh. Dhe k\u00ebshtu, duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb koh\u00ebn, ata mund t\u00eb urdh\u00ebronin makin\u00eb qendrore t\u00eb ndante copa t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb procesorit shum\u00eb-shum\u00eb shpejt, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb ndiente se makina iu p\u00ebrgjigjej atyre individualisht. Plani funcionoi jasht\u00ebzakonisht mir\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, pas disa vitesh, Project MAC jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb angazhoi qindra njer\u00ebz n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin me kompjuter\u00ebt, por gjithashtu u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e par\u00eb online t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, u zhvillua n\u00eb bordin e par\u00eb online t\u00eb shpalljeve, post\u00ebn elektronike, shk\u00ebmbimin e \"freeware\" \u2014 dhe haker\u00ebve. Ky fenomen social m\u00eb von\u00eb u manifestua dhe n\u00eb komunitetet online t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb internetit. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, terminalet e larg\u00ebta u perceptuan si \"qendra informative sht\u00ebpiake\", nj\u00eb ide q\u00eb ka qarkulluar n\u00eb komunitetet teknologjike q\u00eb nga vitet 1970. Nj\u00eb ide, q\u00eb frym\u00ebzoi nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb ri gjenish si Jobs dhe Wozniak p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb n\u00eb treg di\u00e7ka q\u00eb quhet mikrokompjuter.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, babai i Tracy ishte n\u00eb shkurt\u00ebsin\u00eb me nj\u00eb djal\u00eb t\u00eb turpsh\u00ebm, i cili i kishte afruar at\u00eb pothuajse n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Pentagon, dhe idet\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr \"P\u00ebrforcimin e inteligjenc\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore\" ishin t\u00eb ngjashme me idet\u00eb e simbioz\u00ebs njeri-kompjuter. Douglas Engelbart<\/a><\/noindex> ishte z\u00ebri i \u00ebndrrave m\u00eb guximtare. Shefat e tij n\u00eb SRI International (e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb Silicon Valley) e konsideronin Douglas-in nj\u00eb \u00e7mendurak t\u00eb paskrupullt. Megjithat\u00eb, babai i Tracy i dha mb\u00ebshtetje financiare t\u00eb par\u00eb Engelbart-it (duke e mbrojtur gjithashtu at\u00eb nga shefat), dhe Engelbart me grupin e tij shpik\u00ebn mausin, dritaret, hipertekstin, redaktorin e tekstit dhe bazat p\u00ebr inovacione t\u00eb tjera. Prezentimi i Engelbart n\u00eb vitin 1968 n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn n\u00eb San Francisco mahniti mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz \u2014 dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb nj\u00eb moment p\u00ebrcaktues n\u00eb historin\u00eb e kompjuter\u00ebve, nj\u00eb moment kur brezi i ri i profesionist\u00ebve t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve e kuptoi p\u00ebrfundimisht se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihet duke bashk\u00ebvepruar me kompjuterin. Nuk ishte rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e brezit t\u00eb ri mor\u00ebn ndihm\u00eb n\u00eb edukimin e tyre me mb\u00ebshtetje nga babai i Tracy dhe ndjek\u00ebsit e tij n\u00eb Pentagon \u2014 nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij brezi m\u00eb von\u00eb u mblodh n\u00eb PARC, qendra legjendare e hulumtimit Palo Alto q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket Xerox-it. Atje ata e realizuan vizionin e babait p\u00ebr 'simbioz\u00ebn' n\u00eb form\u00ebn q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorim dekada m\u00eb von\u00eb: kompjuterin personal t\u00eb vetin, me ekran grafik dhe maus, nd\u00ebrfaqen grafike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit me dritare, ikona, men\u00fa, dhe skroll-bara, etj. Printer\u00eb lazer. Dhe rrjetet lokale Ethernet p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur gjith\u00e7ka s\u00eb bashku.<\/p>\n

Dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund, kishte komunikim. Duke punuar p\u00ebr Pentagonin, babai i Tracy kaloi shumic\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs n\u00eb fluturime, duke k\u00ebrkuar vazhdimisht grupe t\u00eb izoluara k\u00ebrkimore q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb tema q\u00eb p\u00ebrputheshin me vizionin e tij p\u00ebr simbioz\u00ebn njeri-kompjuter. Q\u00ebllimi i tij ishte t\u00eb bashkonte k\u00ebto grupe n\u00eb nj\u00eb komunitet t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje auto-sustenuese q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ec\u00eb drejt \u00ebndrr\u00ebs s\u00eb tij edhe pasi ai t\u00eb largohej nga Washingtoni. M\u00eb 25 prill 1963 n\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim p\u00ebr 'an\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe ndjek\u00ebsit e Rrjetit Kompjuterik Galaktik'<\/a><\/noindex> ai p\u00ebrcaktoi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb ky\u00e7e t\u00eb strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij: t\u00eb bashkonte t\u00eb gjitha kompjuter\u00ebt individual\u00eb (sh\u00ebnim, jo personal\u00eb \u2014 koha p\u00ebr ata ende nuk kishte ardhur) n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet kompjuterik t\u00eb vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb mbulonte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinentin. Teknologjit\u00eb e rrjetit primitive ekzistuese nuk lejonin krijimin e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb till\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb at\u00eb moment. Megjithat\u00eb, mendja e babait ishte tashm\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpara. S\u00eb shpejti ai filloi t\u00eb fliste p\u00ebr Rrjetin Galaktik si nj\u00eb mjedis elektronik t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, 'mjedisi kryesor dhe baz\u00eb e nd\u00ebrveprimit informacionit p\u00ebr qeverit\u00eb, organizatat, korporatat dhe njer\u00ebzit'. Bashkimi elektronik do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteste bankat elektronike, tregtin\u00eb, bibliotekat digjitale, 'Udhezime p\u00ebr investimet, k\u00ebshilla tatimore, shp\u00ebrndarjen selektive t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb fush\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb specializimit, njoftime p\u00ebr ngjarje kulturore, sportive, dhe arg\u00ebtuese' \u2014 etj. E k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1960, nj\u00eb vizion i till\u00eb frym\u00ebzoi pasardh\u00ebsit e zgjedhur nga Papa t\u00eb realizonin Rjetin Galaktik, tani t\u00eb njohur si Arpanet. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb 1970 ata shkuan p\u00ebrtej, duke e zgjeruar Arpanet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb rrjeteve, tani t\u00eb njohur si Interneti.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje, babai i Tracy merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e forcave q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb e b\u00ebn\u00eb kompjuterin ashtu si\u00e7 e njohim: ndarja e koh\u00ebs, kompjuter\u00ebt personal\u00eb, maus, nd\u00ebrfaqja grafike e p\u00ebrdoruesit, shp\u00ebrthimi i kreativitetit n\u00eb Xerox PARC, dhe Interneti \u2014 si kulmi i t\u00eb gjithave. Sigurisht, madje edhe ai nuk mund ta imagjinonte nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb rezultat, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn jo n\u00eb vitin 1962. Por pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ai synonte. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ai e zhvendosi familjen nga sht\u00ebpia e tij t\u00eb dashur dhe pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ai shkuan n\u00eb Washington p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pozita me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmas\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb burokracis\u00eb aq t\u00eb urryer nga ai: ai besonte n\u00eb \u00ebndrr\u00ebn e tij.<\/p>\n

Sepse ai vendosi t\u00eb shikonte si ajo b\u00ebhet e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sepse Pentagonin \u2014 edhe n\u00ebse disa nga t\u00eb lart\u00ebsuarit nuk e kuptonin akoma \u2014 po hedhin para p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb realitet.<\/p>\n

Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb babai i Tracy p\u00ebrfundonte dokumentet dhe p\u00ebrgatitej t\u00eb largohej, ai nxori nj\u00eb grusht d\u00ebrrasash plastike t\u00eb gjelbra. 'K\u00ebshtu i b\u00ebn burokrat\u00ebt t\u00eb lumtur,' shpjegoi ai. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb largohej nga zyra, duhej t\u00eb vendoste nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dosjet n\u00eb tavolin\u00eb: e gjelb\u00ebr p\u00ebr materialet publike, pastaj e verdh\u00eb, e kuqe, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb, n\u00eb renditje t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb sekretit. Pak e \u00e7uditshme, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb gjelbr\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rregull, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb...<\/p>\n

Babai i Tracy ngjiti let\u00ebr t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr n\u00ebp\u00ebr zyr\u00eb, thjesht q\u00eb \u00e7do kush q\u00eb e shihte t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb: 'Pronari lokal po mendon seriozisht p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb'. 'Ok,' tha ai, 'mund t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb'. <\/p>\n

Tracy dhe babai i saj lan\u00eb pas der\u00ebn e zyr\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte vendosur nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb<\/p>\n

\"Makin\u00eb
\n
\n \u2014 dhe filluan rrug\u00ebn e kthimit p\u00ebrmes korridoreve t\u00eb gjata, t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb Pentagonit, ku djem serioz\u00eb t\u00eb rinj me bi\u00e7ikleta me tre rrota d\u00ebrguan informacione n\u00eb zyrat e burokracis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vazhdon\u2026 Kreu 1. Djemt\u00eb nga Missouri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

(Faleminderit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkthimin Oxoron<\/a><\/noindex>, kush do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin - shkruani n\u00eb privat ose n\u00eb email magisterludi2016@yandex.ru)<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Makin\u00eb
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Prolog | ProHoster","description":"K\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr e rekomandon Alan Kay. Ai shpesh thot\u00eb shprehjen \"Revolucioni kompjuterik nuk ka ndodhur ende.\" Por revolucioni kompjuterik ka filluar. M\u00eb sakt\u00eb - ai \u00ebsht\u00eb filluar. E kan\u00eb filluar njer\u00ebz t\u00eb caktuar, me vlera t\u00eb caktuara dhe ata pat\u00ebn nj\u00eb vizion, ide, plan. Si nis\u00ebn revolucionar\u00ebt t\u00eb krijonin planin? P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb arsye? N\u00eb cilin drejtim e kishin menduar t\u00eb \u00e7onin njer\u00ebzimin? 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