{"id":35500,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-3-portret-hakera-v-yunosti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:41","slug":"free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-3-portret-hakera-v-yunosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-3-portret-hakera-v-yunosti","title":{"rendered":"Free as in Freedom n\u00eb shqip: Kapter 3. Portreti i hakerit n\u00eb rinis\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Liria e Liris\u00eb n\u00eb shqip: Kapitulli 1. Printersi fatkeq<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

Lir\u00eb si n\u00eb Liri n\u00eb shqip: Kapitulli 2. 2001: Odiseja e Haker\u00ebve<\/a><\/p>\n

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Portreti i hackerit n\u00eb rini<\/h1>\n

Alice Lippman, n\u00ebna e Richard Stallman, ende e mban mend momentin kur djali i saj shprehu talentin e tij.<\/p>\n

\u00abMendoj se ndodhi kur ai ishte 8 vje\u00e7\u00bb, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/p>\n

Ishte viti 1961. Lipman sapo ishte ndar\u00eb dhe kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb si n\u00ebn\u00eb beqare. Ajo dhe djali i saj kishin kaluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb apartament t\u00eb vog\u00ebl me nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb gjumi n\u00eb Upper West Side t\u00eb Manhattanit. Aty e kaloi at\u00eb fundjav\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrshkonte numrin e Scientific American, Alice gjeti kolumn\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb preferuar \u2013 \u00abLoj\u00ebrat Matematike\u00bb nga Martin Gardner. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ajo punonte si m\u00ebsuese z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese n\u00eb art, dhe detyrat e Gardner ishin t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera p\u00ebr t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitur mendjen. E ulur n\u00eb divan pran\u00eb djalit, i cili ishte i p\u00ebrqendruar duke lexuar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr, Alice nisi t\u00eb zgjidhte enigm\u00ebn e jav\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u00abNuk mund t\u00eb quhesha specialist n\u00eb zgjidhjen e enigmatikeve\u00bb, pranon Lipman, \u00abpor p\u00ebr mua, si artiste, ato ishin t\u00eb dobishme sepse st\u00ebrvitnin inteligjenc\u00ebn dhe e b\u00ebnin at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kub\u00ebrueshme\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Por sot, t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin po shkat\u00ebrroheshin si \u00e7do mur. Alice tashm\u00eb ishte gati t\u00eb flakte revist\u00ebn n\u00eb zem\u00ebrim, kur papritmas ndjeu se ajo t\u00ebrhiqej leht\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00ebng\u00eb. Ishte Richard. Ai po pyeste n\u00ebse i nevojitej ndihm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Alice e shikoi djalin, pastaj enigmatiken, pastaj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri djalin, dhe shprehu dyshimin se ai mund t\u00eb ndihmonte. \u00abE pyeta n\u00ebse kishte lexuar revist\u00ebn. Ai u p\u00ebrgjigj se po, e kishte lexuar dhe madje e kishte zgjidhur enigmatiken. Dhe filloi t\u00eb m\u00eb shpjegonte se si zgjidhet. Ky moment m\u00eb mbeti n\u00eb mendje p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Pasi d\u00ebgjoi zgjidhjen e djalit, Alice tundoi kok\u00ebn \u2013 dyshimi i saj u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb hapur dyshimi. \u00abPo, ai ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb djal\u00eb i zgjuar dhe i aft\u00eb\u00bb, thot\u00eb ajo, \u00abpor at\u00ebher\u00eb isha p\u00ebrball\u00eb manifestimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb mendimi kaq t\u00eb zhvilluar papritur\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Sot, 30 vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, Lipman e kujton k\u00ebt\u00eb me nj\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshje. \u00abP\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb e sinqert\u00eb, as at\u00ebher\u00eb, as m\u00eb von\u00eb, nuk e kuptova plot\u00ebsisht zgjidhjen e tij\u00bb, thot\u00eb Alice, \u00abthjesht u impresionova q\u00eb ai dinte p\u00ebrgjigjen\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ne jemi duke u ulur n\u00eb tryez\u00ebn e drek\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb apartament hap\u00ebsinor n\u00eb Manhattan me tre dhoma gjumi \u2013 k\u00ebtu s\u00eb bashku me Richard, Eliza u transferua n\u00eb vitin 1967, pas martes\u00ebs me Maurice Lipman. Duke kujtuar vitet e hershme t\u00eb djalit, Eliza shpreh nj\u00eb krenari tipike p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat hebreje p\u00ebrzier\u00eb me turp. Nga k\u00ebtu duket nj\u00eb dollap me foto t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb i fiksuar Richard me nj\u00eb mjek\u00ebr t\u00eb madhe dhe n\u00eb veshje akademike. Fotografit\u00eb e nip\u00ebrve dhe mbesave t\u00eb Lipman z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen me figura t\u00eb gnom\u00ebve. Duke qeshur, Eliza shpjegon: \u201cRichard insistoi q\u00eb un\u00eb t'i blija ato pasi ai mori nj\u00eb doktoratur\u00eb nderi nga Universiteti i Glasgow. Ai at\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb tha: \u2018E di \u00e7far\u00eb, mama? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nata e par\u00eb e diplom\u00ebs ku kam marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb tilla replika reflektohet nj\u00eb energji humori, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb jetike p\u00ebr edukimin e nj\u00eb djaloshi t\u00eb talentuar. Mund t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb sigurt se p\u00ebr \u00e7do histori t\u00eb njohur rreth ngulm\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe ekscentrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Stallmanit, n\u00ebna e tij mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

\u201cAi ishte nj\u00eb konservator i pasionuar, \u2013 thot\u00eb ajo, duke tundur duar n\u00eb irritim artistik, \u2013 ne madje u m\u00ebsuam t\u00eb d\u00ebgjonim retorik\u00eb reaktive t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr gjat\u00eb drek\u00ebs. Un\u00eb me m\u00ebsuesit e tjer\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshim t\u00eb krijonim sindikat\u00ebn ton\u00eb, dhe Richard ishte shum\u00eb i zem\u00ebruar me mua. Ai e perceptonte sindikat\u00ebn si ferma t\u00eb korrupsionit. Ai luftoi edhe kund\u00ebr sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore. Ai mendonte se do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb siguronin veten p\u00ebrmes investimeve. Kush e dinte se pas dhjet\u00eb vjet\u00ebsh ai do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb idealist i till\u00eb? E kujtoj nj\u00eb her\u00eb kur motra e tij e ndjer\u00eb m\u00eb afrohet dhe m\u00eb pyet: \u2018Zoti, \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb rritet ai? Fascist?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Eliza u martua me baban\u00eb e Richard, Daniel Stallman, n\u00eb vitin 1948, u divorcuar prej tij pas 10 vjet\u00ebsh, dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb e rriti djalin pothuajse e vetme, ndon\u00ebse babai mbeti kujdestar i tij. Prandaj, Eliza mund t\u00eb deklaroj\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb se e njeh mir\u00eb karakterin e djalit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht \u2013 neverin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb dukshme ndaj pushtetit. Ajo gjithashtu konfirmon pasionin e tij fanatik p\u00ebr dijen. K\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi e b\u00ebn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Sht\u00ebpia u b\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb beteje.<\/p>\n

\u201cIshte problem edhe me ushqimin, dukej sikur nuk donte kurr\u00eb t\u00eb hante, \u2013 kujton Lipman p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb i ndodhi Richard-it q\u00eb nga mosha 8 deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs, \u2013 e th\u00ebrras p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngr\u00ebn\u00eb, por ai m\u00eb injoron, sikur nuk d\u00ebgjon. Vet\u00ebm pas her\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00eb ose t\u00eb dhjet\u00eb, ai m\u00eb n\u00eb fund e merrte v\u00ebmendjen. Ai ishte plot\u00ebsisht i angazhuar n\u00eb aktivitetet e tij, dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebsh nga aty ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nga ana e tij, Richardi e p\u00ebrshkruan at\u00eb ngjarje n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, por i jep nj\u00eb nuanc\u00eb politike.<\/p>\n

«Un\u00eb e adhuroja t\u00eb lexoja, – thot\u00eb ai, – n\u00ebse merresha me leximin, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebna m\u00eb thoshte t\u00eb shkoja t\u00eb hanja apo t\u00eb flija, un\u00eb thjesht nuk e d\u00ebgjoja. Thjesht nuk e kuptoja pse nuk m\u00eb lejohej t\u00eb lexoja. Nuk shihja asnj\u00eb arsye p\u00ebrse duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebnte at\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb thoshin. N\u00eb thelb, un\u00eb po e shihja n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet familjare gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kisha lexuar p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb dhe lirin\u00eb personale. Refuzoja t\u00eb kuptoja pse k\u00ebto principe nuk zinin vend p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt».<\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, Richardi preferonte t\u00eb ndiqte parime t\u00eb liris\u00eb personale, sesa t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat nga dikush tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 11 vje\u00e7are, ai kishte avancuar dy shkall\u00eb p\u00ebrpara bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij dhe p\u00ebrjetoi shum\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjime, tipike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb talentuar n\u00eb kushte shkollore. Shum\u00eb shpejt pas episodit t\u00eb paharruesh\u00ebm me zgjidhjen e enigm\u00ebs, p\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebn e Richardit filloi nj\u00eb epok\u00eb e rregullt e mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve dhe shpjegimeve me m\u00ebsuesit.<\/p>\n

«Ai e injoronte krejt\u00ebsisht pun\u00ebn me shkrim, – kujton Elisi konfliktet e para, – n\u00eb mendimin tim, puna e tij e fundit n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e ul\u00ebt ishte nj\u00eb ese mbi historin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb num\u00ebrimit n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim n\u00eb klas\u00ebn 4». Ai refuzonte t\u00eb shkruante mbi tema q\u00eb nuk e interesonin. Stallman, me nj\u00eb mendje analitike fenomenale, u thellua n\u00eb matematik\u00eb dhe shkencat e sakta n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb disiplinave t\u00eb tjera. Disa m\u00ebsues e konsideronin k\u00ebt\u00eb si p\u00ebrkushtim, por Lippman e shihte k\u00ebt\u00eb si padurim dhe munges\u00eb vet\u00ebkontrolli. Shkencat e sakta ishin p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar n\u00eb programin shkollor shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht se ato q\u00eb Richard nuk i donte. Kur Stallman ishte 10 ose 11 vje\u00e7, shok\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb klas\u00ebs nisin nj\u00eb loj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb lloji t\u00eb futbollit amerikan, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs Richard u kthye n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb zem\u00ebrim. «Ai donte shum\u00eb t\u00eb luante, por doli se koordinimi i tij dhe aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera fizike ishin t\u00eb pakt\u00eb, – tregon Lippman, – kjo e nervozoi shum\u00eb».<\/p>\n

Duke u zem\u00ebruar, Stallman u p\u00ebrqendrua edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb matematik\u00eb dhe shkencat e sakta. Megjithat\u00eb, madje edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr Richardin, padurimi i tij ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb krijonte probleme. Posa b\u00ebri shtat\u00eb vje\u00e7, duke u zhytur n\u00eb librat e algebr\u00ebs, ai nuk mendonte se duhej t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb komunikim me t\u00eb rriturit. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb, kur Stallman ishte n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e mesme, Elisi e angazhoi nj\u00eb m\u00ebsues privat n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb studenti nga Universiteti Kolumbia. Nj\u00eb takim mjaftoi q\u00eb studenti t\u00eb mos shfaqej m\u00eb n\u00eb pragun e apartamentit t\u00eb tyre. «Duket se ajo q\u00eb Richard i tha atij, thjesht nuk i hynte n\u00eb kok\u00eb», supozon Lippman.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kujtim i dashur i n\u00ebn\u00ebs lidhet me fillimin e viteve '60, kur Stallman ishte rreth shtat\u00eb vje\u00e7. Kishin kaluar 2 vjet nga ndarja e prind\u00ebrve, Elis dhe djali u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn nga Queens n\u00eb Upper West Side, ku Richard e donte t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb parkun n\u00eb Riverside Drive p\u00ebr t\u00eb lansuar modelet e tij t\u00eb raketave. Shpejt kjo arg\u00ebtim u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb aktivitet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm - ai madje filloi t\u00eb mbante sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb detajuara p\u00ebr \u00e7do lansim. Ashtu si p\u00ebr interesin e tij n\u00eb problemet matematikore, kjo pasion nuk u v\u00ebrejt deri sa nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para nj\u00eb lansimi t\u00eb madh t\u00eb NASA-s, n\u00ebna e tij p\u00ebr shaka e pyeti djalin, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb n\u00ebse agjencia hap\u00ebsinore po ndiqte sh\u00ebnimet e tij.<\/p>\n

\u00abAi shp\u00ebrtheu, - tregon Lippman, - dhe arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjej vet\u00ebm: \u2018Un\u00eb ende nuk u kam treguar ata sh\u00ebnime!\u2019. Ndoshta, v\u00ebrtet, ai kishte n\u00eb plan t\u00eb tregonte di\u00e7ka NASA-s\u00bb. Stallman vet\u00eb nuk e mban mend k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, por thot\u00eb se do t\u00eb ndjehej krenar n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr faktin se t\u00eb tregonte NASA-s, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk kishte asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto anekdotat familjare ishin shfaqjet e para t\u00eb obsesionit karakteristik t\u00eb Stallmanit, q\u00eb nuk e braktis as sot. Kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt vraponin drejt tryez\u00ebs, Richard vazhdonte t\u00eb lexonte n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e tij. Kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt luanin futboll duke imituar legjend\u00ebn Johnny Unitas, Richard imiton astronautin. \u00abIsha i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, - p\u00ebrmbledh Stallman vitet e tij t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1999, - deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kishin mbetur vet\u00ebm m\u00ebsuesit si miq t\u00eb mi\u00bb. Richard nuk e kishte turp nga karakteristikat dhe tendencat e tij t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, ndryshe nga paaft\u00ebsia e tij p\u00ebr t'u marr\u00eb me njer\u00ebzit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e konsideronte si nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb dyja e \u00e7uan at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb izolim t\u00eb barabart\u00eb nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Eli si vendosi t'i jap\u00eb drit\u00ebn e gjelb\u00ebr pasioneve t\u00eb t\u00eb birit, ndon\u00ebse kjo rrezikonte probleme t\u00eb reja n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 12 vje\u00e7are, Richard kaloi gjith\u00eb ver\u00ebn n\u00eb kampet shkencore dhe me fillimin e vitit shkollor filloi t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb private. Nj\u00eb nga m\u00ebsuesit e sugjeroi Lippman q\u00eb ta regjistronte djalin n\u00eb Programin e Arritjeve Natyrore t\u00eb Kolumbis\u00eb, i cili ishte krijuar n\u00eb Nju Jork p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb talentuar t\u00eb klasave t\u00eb mesme dhe t\u00eb larta. Stallman e pranoi pa kund\u00ebrshtim t\u00eb shtonte m\u00ebsimet nga ky program n\u00eb or\u00ebt e tij jasht\u00ebshkollore dhe s\u00eb shpejti filloi \u00e7do t\u00eb shtun\u00eb t\u00eb vizitonte kampusin e Universitetit t\u00eb Kolumbis\u00eb, i vendosur mes lagjeve banimi.<\/p>\n

Sipas kujtimeve t\u00eb Dan Chess, nj\u00ebrit nga bashk\u00ebstudent\u00ebt e Stallmanit n\u00eb programin e Kolumbis\u00eb, Richard dallohej edhe n\u00eb mesin e atij grumbulli t\u00eb pasionuarve pas matematik\u00ebs dhe shkencave t\u00eb sakta. \u00abSigurisht, ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ishim ngejni dhe gika, - tregon Chess, tani profesor matematike n\u00eb Hunter College, - por Stallman ishte gjithmon\u00eb duksh\u00ebm jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij bot\u00eb. Ai ishte thjesht nj\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Njoh shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb men\u00e7ur, por mendoj se Stallman \u00ebsht\u00eb njeriu m\u00eb i men\u00e7ur q\u00eb kam takuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Programuesi Set Braithbart, gjithashtu nj\u00eb diplomant i k\u00ebtij programi, \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht dakord me k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ai kishte nj\u00eb komunikim t\u00eb mir\u00eb me Richardin, pasi ashtu si ai, ishte i apasionuar pas shkenc\u00ebs fiksionale dhe frekuentonte konventa. Seti e kujton Stallmanin si nj\u00eb djal\u00eb 15-vje\u00e7ar me rroba t\u00eb dyshimta, q\u00eb krijonte te njer\u00ebzit \"nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme\", ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht te adoleshent\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta shpjegosh, - thot\u00eb Braithbart, - ai nuk ishte thjesht nj\u00eb person q\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqej brenda vetes, ai ishte vet\u00ebm tejet i obsesionuar. Richardi impresiononte me njohurit\u00eb e tij t\u00eb thella, por dallimi i tij i qart\u00eb nuk i shtonte aspak attraksionit.\"<\/p>\n

T\u00eb tilla p\u00ebrshkrime t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb reflektim: a ka baza p\u00ebr t\u00eb supozuar se n\u00ebn epitetet si \"obsesion\" dhe \"t\u00ebrheqje\" fshiheshin ato q\u00eb sot konsiderohen \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb sjelljes te adoleshent\u00ebt? N\u00eb dhjetor 2001, n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Wired<\/em> doli nj\u00eb artikull me titull \"Sindromi i geek-ut\", ku p\u00ebrshkruheshin f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb talentuar shkenc\u00ebrisht me autiz\u00ebm t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe sindromin Asperger. Kujtimet e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb artikull, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me tregimet e Alice Lippman. Edhe Stallmani e mendon k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2000 p\u00ebr Toronto Star<\/em> ai shprehu supozimin se mund t\u00eb kishte \"\u00e7rregullim autistik n\u00eb kufi\". Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb artikullin e tij, supozimi u paraqit me t\u00eb padrejt\u00eb si nj\u00eb siguri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb drit\u00ebn e faktit se p\u00ebrkufizimet e shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb ashtuquajturave \"\u00e7rregullime t\u00eb sjelljes\" jan\u00eb ende mjaft t\u00eb paqarta, kjo supozim duket ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht realiste. Si\u00e7 v\u00ebren Steve Silberman, autori i artikullit \"Sindromi i geek-ut\", psikiatrit amerikan\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb pranuar koh\u00ebt e fundit se n\u00ebn sindromin Asperger fshihet nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shum\u00eb e gjer\u00eb e karakteristikave t\u00eb sjelljes, duke filluar nga aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb k\u00ebqija motorike dhe sociale, deri te obsesioni p\u00ebr numra, kompjuter\u00eb dhe struktura t\u00eb organizuara.<\/p>\n

\"Ndoshta, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, kam di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb, - thot\u00eb Stallman, - n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb nga simptomat e sindromit Asperger \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb me ndjenj\u00ebn e ritmit. Dhe un\u00eb di t\u00eb vall\u00ebzoj. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, m\u00eb p\u00eblqen t\u00eb ndjek ritmet m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet me siguri.\" Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb far\u00eb gradimi t\u00eb sindromit Asperger, i cili kryesisht i p\u00ebrket kufijve t\u00eb normalitetit.<\/p>\n

Dan Chess, however, does not share this desire to diagnose Richard right now. \"I have never once thought that he was actually some sort of abnormal in a medical sense,\" he says. \"He just seemed very detached from other people and their problems, quite unsociable, but if that's the case \u2013 then we all were like that, to some extent.\"<\/p>\n

Alice Lippman is amused by all these debates surrounding Richard's mental disorders, although she recalls a couple of stories that could add to the arguments \"for\". A characteristic symptom of autistic disorders is intolerance to noise and bright colors, and when Richard was an infant and they took him to the beach, he would start crying two or three blocks before they reached the ocean. It was only later that they realized the noise of the waves was causing him pain in his ears and head. Another example: Richard's grandmother had bright fiery red hair, and every time she leaned over the cradle, he screamed as if in pain.<\/p>\n

In recent years, Lippman has read a lot about autism and finds herself increasingly thinking that her son's traits are not random quirks. \"I really am beginning to think that Richard could have been an autistic child,\" she says, \"it's a pity that so little was known and talked about at that time.\"<\/p>\n

However, according to her, over time Richard began to adapt. At the age of seven, he enjoyed standing by the front window of subway trains to study the labyrinth of tunnels beneath the city. This hobby clearly contradicted his intolerance to noise, which was abundant in the subway. \"But the noise only shocked him at first,\" Lippman recounts, \"then Richard's nervous system got used to adapting under the influence of his keen desire to study the subway system.\"<\/p>\n

Early Richard was remembered by his mother as a perfectly normal child \u2013 his thoughts, actions, and communication patterns were just like those of any ordinary little boy. Only after a series of dramatic events in the family did he become withdrawn and detached.<\/p>\n

Ngjarja e par\u00eb e till\u00eb ishte ndarja e prind\u00ebrve. Edhe pse Elisi dhe burri i saj p\u00ebrpiqeshin ta p\u00ebrgatisin djalin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe ta zbusin goditjen, nuk ia ndin\u00eb. \"Ishte si t\u00eb mos e kishte d\u00ebgjuar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb bisedat tona, \u2013 kujton Lipman, \u2013 dhe pastaj realiteti e goditi papritur me ardhjen n\u00eb apartamentin e ri. E para gj\u00eb q\u00eb e pyeti Richard ishte: 'Por ku jan\u00eb gj\u00ebrat e babait?'\"<\/p>\n

Nga ky moment filloi nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb 10-vje\u00e7are jete n\u00eb dy familje, kur Stollman kalonte fundjavave nga n\u00ebna n\u00eb Manhattan te babai n\u00eb Queens. Karakteret e prind\u00ebrve ishin t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, si dhe qasjet e tyre ndaj rritjes, duke mos u pajtuar me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Jeta familjare ishte aq e trishtuar, sa Richard ende nuk d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb vet. Kur kujton baban\u00eb, i cili vdiq n\u00eb vitin 2001, p\u00ebrjeton ndjenja t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera \u2013 ai ishte nj\u00eb burr\u00eb mjaft i ashp\u00ebr dhe autoritar, veteran i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Stollman e respekton p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe ndjenj\u00ebn e detyr\u00ebs \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, babai kishte m\u00ebsuar mir\u00eb fr\u00ebngjishten vet\u00ebm sepse e k\u00ebrkonin detyrat luftuese p\u00ebrball\u00eb nazist\u00ebve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, Richard kishte arsye p\u00ebr t'u zem\u00ebruar me babain, pasi ai nuk kishte kursyer metoda strikte p\u00ebr rritjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

\"Babai kishte nj\u00eb karakter t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb, \u2013 tregon Richard, \u2013 ai kurr\u00eb nuk b\u00ebrtiste, por gjithmon\u00eb gjente raste p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebmtuar \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb thua ose b\u00ebn me kritik\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebsht\u00ebruar.\"<\/p>\n

Raportet me n\u00ebn\u00ebn Stollman i p\u00ebrshkruan qart\u00eb: \"Ishte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb. Arriti deri n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb sa q\u00eb kur i thosha vetes 'dua t\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi', imagjinoja nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb pabesuesh\u00ebm, nj\u00eb port t\u00eb qet\u00eb q\u00eb shihja vet\u00ebm n\u00eb \u00ebndrrat e mia.\"<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb disa viteve t\u00eb para pas ndarjes s\u00eb prind\u00ebrve, Richard shp\u00ebtonte te gjysh\u00ebrit nga pala e babait. \"Kur isha te ata, ndjeja dashuri dhe but\u00ebsi, dhe plot\u00ebsisht qet\u00ebsohesha, \u2013 kujton ai, \u2013 ky ishte vendi im i vet\u00ebm t\u00eb cilin e dashuroja deri kur shkova n\u00eb kolegj.\" Kur ai ishte 8 vje\u00e7, gjyshja ndodhi t\u00eb vdiste, dhe vet\u00ebm dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, gjyshi e ndjeki at\u00eb, dhe kjo ishte goditja e dyt\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, nga e cila Richard nuk mundi t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohej p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

«Kjo v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e traumatizoi at\u00eb», – thot\u00eb Lippman. Ndon\u00ebse ai ishte shum\u00eb i lidhur me gjysh\u00ebrit e tij, pas vdekjes s\u00eb tyre, ai u shnd\u00ebrrua nga nj\u00eb person i shoq\u00ebruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb njeri t\u00eb vetmuar, gjithmon\u00eb duke q\u00ebndruar ndokundi nga ana.<\/p>\n

Richard vet\u00eb mendon se ai pushtim n\u00eb vetvete ishte nj\u00eb fenomen krejt i natyrsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr mosh\u00ebn, kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebria mbyllet dhe shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra rishikohen e ri-vler\u00ebsohen. Ai e p\u00ebrshkruan adoleshenc\u00ebn e tij si «nj\u00eb makth t\u00eb plot\u00eb» dhe thot\u00eb se ndihej si nj\u00eb i shurdh\u00ebr e i heshtur mes nj\u00eb turme njer\u00ebzish q\u00eb flisnin pa pushim.<\/p>\n

«Un\u00eb vazhdimisht e kapja veten duke menduar se nuk e kuptoja p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb flisnin t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, – p\u00ebrshkruan ai ndjenj\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb, – isha aq prapa jet\u00ebs sa arrija t\u00eb perceptoja vet\u00ebm fjal\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb at\u00eb fluks slengu. Por nuk kisha d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb merrja pjes\u00eb n\u00eb bisedat e tyre, madje nuk e kuptoja se si mund t\u00eb interesoheshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta artist\u00eb muzikor\u00eb q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes at\u00ebher\u00eb».<\/p>\n

Por kishte di\u00e7ka pozitive dhe madje t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim – ajo e zhvilloi individualitetin n\u00eb Richard. Kur bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt e tij p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb linin flok\u00ebt e gjat\u00eb, ai vazhdonte t\u00eb mbanin nj\u00eb stil t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr e t\u00eb bukur. Kur adoleshent\u00ebt rreth tij po \u00e7mendeshin pas rock'n'roll-it, Stallman d\u00ebgjonte klasiken. Nj\u00eb fans i devotsh\u00ebm i shkenc\u00ebs fiktive, revist\u00ebs Mad<\/em> dhe programeve televizive t\u00eb nat\u00ebs, Richard madje as q\u00eb mendonte t\u00eb ndiqte t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, dhe kjo i shtonte keqkuptimin mes tij dhe atyre q\u00eb e rrethonin, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe prind\u00ebrit e tij.<\/p>\n

«Dhe k\u00ebto lojtare fjal\u00ebsh! – thot\u00eb Alice, e nxehur nga kujtimet e periudh\u00ebs adoleshente t\u00eb djalit t\u00eb saj, – as p\u00ebr nj\u00eb drek\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb thoje nj\u00eb fraz\u00eb pa e kthyer at\u00eb, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb luaj\u00eb ose ta kthej\u00eb n\u00eb di\u00e7ka krejt tjet\u00ebr».<\/p>\n

Jasht\u00eb familjes, Stallman mbante shakat\u00eb p\u00ebr ata t\u00eb rritur q\u00eb simpatizonin talentin e tij. Nj\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit e par\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tij ishte edukatori n\u00eb kampin veror, i cili i dha atij t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb udh\u00ebzimin p\u00ebr kompjuterin IBM 7094. Richard at\u00ebher\u00eb ishte 8 ose 9 vje\u00e7. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, i pasionuar pas matematik\u00ebs dhe informatik\u00ebs, kjo ishte nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. . Kaloi pak koh\u00eb dhe Richard po shkruante tashm\u00eb programe p\u00ebr IBM 7094, megjith\u00ebse vet\u00ebm n\u00eb let\u00ebr, as edhe duke shpresuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t'i ekzekutonte ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Ai thjesht ishte t\u00ebrhequr nga nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb serie instrukcionesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar ndonj\u00eb detyr\u00eb. Kur i mbaruan idet\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr programe, Richard filloi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ato nga edukatori.<\/p>\n

PC-t\u00eb e para personale dol\u00ebn vet\u00ebm pas 10 vjet\u00ebsh, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Richard do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb prisnin shum\u00eb vite p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me kompjuterin. Megjithat\u00eb, fat i ndihmoi edhe k\u00ebtu: vitin e fundit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme, Qendra Shkencore e IBM n\u00eb Nju Jork i ofroi Richard-it t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb program – nj\u00eb preprocessori p\u00ebr PL\/1, i cili do t\u00eb shtonte n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me algebr\u00ebn tensoriale. «Fillimisht e shkrova k\u00ebt\u00eb preprocessori n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn PL\/1, e pastaj e riparova n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn assembler, sepse programi i kompiluar n\u00eb PL\/1 doli shum\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr t'u futur n\u00eb memorien e kompjuterit», – kujton Stallman.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ver\u00eb, kur Richard p\u00ebrfundoi shkoll\u00ebn, Qendra Shkencore e IBM e ftoi p\u00ebr pun\u00eb. Detyra e par\u00eb q\u00eb i dhan\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb program analize numerike n\u00eb Fortran. Stallman e shkroi at\u00eb p\u00ebr disa jav\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj e urrekte aq shum\u00eb Fortranin, saq\u00eb u betua q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb prekte m\u00eb kurr\u00eb at\u00eb gjuh\u00eb. Pjes\u00ebn e mbetur t\u00eb ver\u00ebs e kaloi duke shkruar nj\u00eb redaktues teksti n\u00eb APL.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Stallman punonte si laborant n\u00eb fakultetin e biologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Rockefeller. Mendja analitike e Richard-it e impresionoi shum\u00eb shefin e laboratoresh, i cili priste nga Stallman nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb biologi. Pas disa vjet\u00ebsh, kur Richard ishte duke studiuar n\u00eb kolegj, n\u00eb apartamentin e Alice Lippman u d\u00ebgjua nj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb. \u00abIshte profesori nga Rockefeller, shefi i laboratoresh, - rr\u00ebfen Lippman, - ai d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb dinte si ishte djali im. I thash\u00eb se Richard punonte me kompjuter\u00eb dhe profesori u habit shum\u00eb. Ai mendonte se Richard-i po ndihmonte n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb karriere si biolog.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Forca e inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Stallman-it e impresionoi edhe pedagog\u00ebt e programit t\u00eb Kolumbis\u00eb, edhe kur ai filloi t'i nervozonte shum\u00eb prej tyre. \u00abZakonisht, nj\u00eb ose dy her\u00eb gjat\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebs ata gabonin, dhe Stallman gjithmon\u00eb i korrigjonte ata, - p\u00ebrkujton Breitbart, - k\u00ebshtu po rritej respekti p\u00ebr mendjen e tij dhe antipatia ndaj Richard-it vet\u00eb.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Stallman buz\u00ebqesh disi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sjellshme kur p\u00ebrmenden fjal\u00ebt e Breitbart-it. \u00abNdonj\u00ebher\u00eb, sigurisht, sillesha si idiot, - pranon ai, - por n\u00eb fund, kjo m\u00eb ndihmoi t\u00eb gjeja shpirt\u00ebror\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm mes pedagog\u00ebve q\u00eb gjithashtu e p\u00eblqenin t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit dhe t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsuarit e njohurive t\u00eb tyre. Nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit, zakonisht, nuk e lejonin veten t\u00eb korrigjonin pedagogun. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, aq hapur.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Komunikimi me djemt\u00eb e avancuar gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebve t\u00eb shtun\u00eb e b\u00ebri Stallman-in t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve sociale. Kolegji po afronte rrufesh\u00ebm, duhej t\u00eb zgjidhte se ku t\u00eb studionte, dhe Stallman, si shum\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb programit t\u00eb Kolumbis\u00eb p\u00ebr arritjet shkencore, ngushtoi zgjedhjen e universiteteve t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruara n\u00eb dy - Harvardin dhe MIT-in. Kur d\u00ebgjoi se djali po mendonte seriozisht p\u00ebr t'u regjistruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb universitet t\u00eb Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb Ivy-t, Lippman u shqet\u00ebsua. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, Stallman vazhdonte t\u00eb luftonte me m\u00ebsuesit dhe zyrtar\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb kishte marr\u00eb nota maksimale n\u00eb historin\u00eb amerikane, kimia, matematika dhe gjuh\u00ebn fr\u00ebnge, por p\u00ebr anglishten kishte nj\u00eb \u00abt\u00eb keqe\u00bb - Richard vazhdonte t\u00eb injoronte detyrat e shkruara. K\u00ebt\u00eb do ta kalonin leht\u00eb n\u00eb MIT dhe shum\u00eb universitete t\u00eb tjera, por jo n\u00eb Harvard. Stallman ishin ideal p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb universitet p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebn e tij, por nuk p\u00ebrputhej aspak me k\u00ebrkesat e disiplin\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Psikoterapisti, i cili n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e mesme i kushtoi v\u00ebmendje Richardit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb tij, i sugjeroi atij t\u00eb provonte nj\u00eb vit studimi n\u00eb universitet, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti \u2013 nj\u00eb vit t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb New York-ut pa nota t\u00eb k\u00ebqija dhe pa sherr me m\u00ebsuesit. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb deri n\u00eb vjesht\u00eb, Stallman ndoqi m\u00ebsimet verore n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebt humane, dhe m\u00eb pas u kthye n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs n\u00eb 84th Street n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. I pati shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, por Lippman tregon me krenari se djali i tij arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte veten.<\/p>\n

\u00abAi u p\u00ebrshtat n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb mase, - thot\u00eb ajo, - vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb thirr\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb Richardit \u2013 ai vazhdimisht i tregonte m\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb matematik\u00ebs pasakt\u00ebsi n\u00eb provat. E pyeta: \u2018A \u00ebsht\u00eb ai edhe i drejt\u00eb?\u2019. M\u00ebsuesi u p\u00ebrgjigj: \u2018Po, por ndryshe shum\u00eb nuk do ta kuptojn\u00eb prov\u00ebn\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb semestrit t\u00eb par\u00eb, Stallman arriti t\u00eb merrte 96 pik\u00eb n\u00eb anglisht, nota m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb histori amerikane, mikrobiologji dhe nj\u00eb kurs t\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb matematik\u00ebs. N\u00eb fizik ai arriti t\u00eb merrte 100 nga 100. Ai ishte lider n\u00eb klas\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrformanc\u00ebn akademike, dhe ende nj\u00eb outsider n\u00eb jet\u00ebn personale.<\/p>\n

Richard vazhdoi p\u00ebr aktivitetet jasht\u00ebshkollore me shum\u00eb entuziaz\u00ebm, puna n\u00eb laboratorin e biologjis\u00eb gjithashtu i jepte k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, dhe nuk e v\u00ebrejti shum\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodhte rreth tij. N\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr n\u00eb Universitetin Kolumbian, ai kalonte me po aq shpejt\u00ebsi dhe qet\u00ebsi p\u00ebrmes turmave t\u00eb kalimtar\u00ebve dhe protestave kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Vietnam. Nj\u00eb her\u00eb ai shkoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb fest\u00eb informale me koleg\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb programit Kolumbian. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb po diskutonin p\u00ebr universitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr t\u00eb vijuar studimet.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 kujton Braidbard: \u00abSigurisht, shumica e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve kishin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim Harvardin dhe MIT-in, por disa zgjodh\u00ebn universitete t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Lig\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cIvy.\u201d Dhe k\u00ebtu dikush e pyeti Stallmanin se ku do t\u00eb shkonte. Kur Richardi p\u00ebrgjigji se do t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb Harvard \u2013 t\u00eb gjith\u00eb disi u qet\u00ebsuan dhe filluan t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Richardi e qeshi leht\u00eb, si p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb: \u2018Po, po, ne ende nuk po ndahemi!\u2019\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Burimi: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 1. \u0420\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 2. 2001: \u0425\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u042d\u043b\u0438\u0441 \u041b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. «\u041f\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 8 \u043b\u0435\u0442», – \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b 1961 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Free as in Freedom n\u00eb shqip: Kapitulli 3. 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