{"id":35609,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","title":{"rendered":"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d2ca072078d1d2c6bf120118f98a27cf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nArtikulli p\u00ebrfundimtar, m\u00eb i m\u00ebrzitsh\u00ebm si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues. Ndoshta nuk ka kuptim ta lexosh p\u00ebr zhvillimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, por kur t'u ndodh\u00eb, do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb shum\u00eb.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">P\u00ebrmbajtja e seris\u00eb s\u00eb artikujve<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">Pjesa 1: Arkitektura e p\u00ebrgjithshme e rrjetit KTV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">Pjesa 2: P\u00ebrb\u00ebrja dhe forma e sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">Pjesa 3: P\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi analog i sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">Pjesa 4: P\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi digjital i sinjalit<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">Pjesa 5: Rrjeti shp\u00ebrndar\u00ebs koaksial<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">Pjesa 6: Forcues t\u00eb sinjalit RF<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">Pjesa 7: Pranuesit optik\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455355\/\">Pjesa 8: Rrjeti optik i magjistral\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455858\/\">Pjesa 9: Stacioni kryesor<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">Pjesa 10: Identifikimi dhe zgjidhja e shkakut t\u00eb defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Territori i abonent\u00ebve<\/h1>\n<p>\nPra, televizori i gjyshes suaj nuk funksionon m\u00eb. Ju i blet\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb ri, por rezulton se problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebs \u2014 pra, duhet t\u00eb kontrolloni kabllin. S\u00eb pari, shpesh lidh\u00ebsit-nd\u00ebrprer\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim, mahnitsh\u00ebm ngjiten vet\u00eb me kabllin, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb humbjen e kontaktit me mbules\u00ebn ose madje me gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn qendrore. Edhe n\u00ebse lidh\u00ebsi sapo \u00ebsht\u00eb riparuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb sigurohemi q\u00eb asnj\u00eb nga fije t\u00eb mbules\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb bashkuar me drejtuesin qendror. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, diametri i gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebs qendrore zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb se hap\u00ebsira n\u00eb priz\u00ebn e marr\u00ebsit \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb mir\u00eb fal\u00eb fluturave q\u00eb hapen n\u00eb lidh\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse papritmas e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuat lidh\u00ebsin me nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, ku gjilp\u00ebra qendrore nuk del \"si \u00ebsht\u00eb\", por kalon n\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb (si\u00e7 tregova un\u00eb n\u00eb lidhjet p\u00ebr RG-11), ose ndryshuat nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kabllit dhe gjilpra e re doli t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e holl\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeni me faktin se fluturat e lodhura n\u00eb priz\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb mir\u00eb me gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn qendrore. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">Pjesa 5<\/a><\/noindex> P\u00ebrmes masave me pajisjen, e gjith\u00eb kjo mund t\u00eb shikohet leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb form\u00ebn e katrorit t\u00eb sinjalit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin shkrova n\u00eb<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2acb909847e7b3b6ef183e5ee7513c65.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPjesa 2 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">. K\u00ebshtu ne mund t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb nivelin e sinjalit (ai, si\u00e7 e rikujtoj, sipas standardeve duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb jo m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se 50 dBmV p\u00ebr sinjalin digjital dhe 60 p\u00ebr at\u00eb analogjik) dhe t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb humbjet n\u00eb zonat e frekuencave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb larta, q\u00eb do t\u00eb japin ngjyr\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimet e ardhshme t\u00eb problemit.<\/a><\/noindex>T\u00eb rikujtoj: humbja e frekuencave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta zakonisht lidhet me probleme n\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn qendrore, nd\u00ebrsa degradimi i fort\u00eb i frekuencave t\u00eb larta tregon p\u00ebr kontakt t\u00eb dob\u00ebt me mbules\u00ebn, dhe kjo zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me shqyerjen (ose nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb keqe t\u00eb kabllit, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb tepruar).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/65e7696d72cbe6ef7185f7b813fdb02c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKujtoj: zbehja e frekuencave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta zakonisht lidhet me probleme n\u00eb rrethin qendror, nd\u00ebrsa degradimi i fort\u00eb i atyre t\u00eb lartave tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb keq me mb\u00ebshtjell\u00ebsin, gj\u00eb q\u00eb zakonisht lidhet me kompresimin (apo gjendjen e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb kabllit, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjat\u00ebsin\u00eb e tepruar).<\/p>\n<p>Pas analizoni kabllin me konektorin e televizorit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb gjurmoni at\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb apartamentin: pasi kablli koaksial nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb shqis\u00eb elektrike, por gjithashtu nj\u00eb valvul, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb vet\u00ebm thyerjet dhe d\u00ebmtimet mekanike, por edhe kthesat dhe p\u00ebrkuljet. Gjithashtu, duhet t\u00eb gjeni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ndar\u00ebsit e sinjalit dhe t\u00eb llogaritni humbjen e tyre totale: mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb q\u00eb deri tani gjith\u00e7ka ka funksionuar n\u00eb kufizim dhe nj\u00eb degradim i vog\u00ebl i kabllit ka sjell\u00eb pasiguri totale. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos riparuar kabllin e fshehur pas finishit, mund t\u00eb zgjidhni m\u00eb mir\u00eb nominalet e ndar\u00ebsve ose t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb amplifikues t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb apartamentit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse asgj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto nuk v\u00ebrehet dhe kablli \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull deri n\u00eb kutin\u00eb e sinjalit n\u00eb shkall\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb matni nivelin e sinjalit q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb apartament. N\u00ebse niveli dhe forma e sinjalit n\u00eb daljen e ndar\u00ebsit t\u00eb abonentit jan\u00eb n\u00eb rregull, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni diferenc\u00ebn midis vlerave n\u00eb televizor dhe n\u00eb kuti dhe t\u00eb mendoni se \u00e7far\u00eb kemi humbur. N\u00ebse shohim se humbja deri te televizori ka arritur nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme, por megjithat\u00eb shohim probleme me sinjalin n\u00eb daljen, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb tutje.<\/p>\n<h1>Pjesa qendrore<\/h1>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/e46f8b5f8072a40020d0dbd91d5c300d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPas v\u00ebzhgimit t\u00eb problemit n\u00eb daljen e abonentit, duhet t\u00eb sigurohemi q\u00eb ndar\u00ebsi vet\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fajtor. Ka raste kur nj\u00eb nga daljet menj\u00ebher\u00eb ose gradualisht p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson parametrat e sinjalit, sidomos n\u00eb ndar\u00ebsit p\u00ebr shum\u00eb abonent\u00eb (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb matni nivelin e sinjalit n\u00eb nj\u00eb dalje tjet\u00ebr (sa m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt nga problemi, aq m\u00eb mir\u00eb), si dhe n\u00eb kabllin hyr\u00ebs t\u00eb magistral\u00ebs. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb forme dhe me \u00e7far\u00eb niveli duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb sinjali. Vlera e sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb ndar\u00ebs p\u00ebr humbjen n\u00eb daljen e abonentit (p.sh. 412 - 4 dalje me -12dB) duhet t\u00eb hiqet nga ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb matur n\u00eb magistral\u00eb. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale, ne duhet t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb numrin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga dalja e abonentit. N\u00ebse ajo ndryshon m\u00eb shum\u00eb se disa dB, at\u00ebher\u00eb ky ndar\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse shohim q\u00eb sinjali tashm\u00eb po vjen n\u00ebp\u00ebr k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn me nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd t\u00eb fort\u00eb ose nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb na nevojitet ose t\u00eb njohim projektin e kolon\u00ebs, ose, duke p\u00ebrdorur logjik\u00ebn, t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr dy gj\u00ebra: n\u00ebse kolona \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar lart ose posht\u00eb dhe sa larg jemi nga ndarja m\u00eb e af\u00ebrt. E para mund t\u00eb kuptohet nga se nga vjen kabulli q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me hyrjen e ndar\u00ebsit dhe ku shkon ai q\u00eb del nga dalja. Zakonisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsh kabujt e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs direkt n\u00eb panel, n\u00ebse ata nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm, mund t\u00eb ngjitemi nj\u00eb kat m\u00eb lart (ose m\u00eb posht\u00eb) dhe t\u00eb shohim cilit ndar\u00ebs i p\u00ebrket aty. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">pjesa e pest\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> Ju ndoshta e mbani mend q\u00eb me largimin nga fillimi, niveli duhet t\u00eb ulet. Aty shkruaja rreth ndarjes s\u00eb kolon\u00ebs n\u00eb pjes\u00eb (ne zakonisht i quajm\u00eb \"pilastra\", nuk jam i sigurt n\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme). Zakonisht nj\u00eb pilastr p\u00ebrhapet n\u00eb 5-6 kate dhe n\u00eb fillimin e saj kan\u00eb ndar\u00ebs me nivele prej 20-24 dB, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb fund - 8-10. Kur keni siguri se problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00eb katit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb gjeni fillimin e pilastr\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebni matje nga ndarja e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs nga e cila fillon ajo. K\u00ebtu problemet jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta: si vet\u00eb ndarja ashtu edhe kabulli i d\u00ebmtuar dhe lidhja e dob\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodh q\u00eb pas l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb lidhjeve, sinjali rikthehet (por m\u00eb shpesh nuk del fare). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb rib\u00ebhet lidhja e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve, dhe do t\u00eb ishte thjesht e mrekullueshme n\u00ebse instaluestit, duke parashikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb kabullit. Sepse gjat\u00eb rib\u00ebrjes, duhet ta shkurtosh. N\u00eb kabullin RG-11 \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e zakonshme t\u00eb ket\u00eb probleme me lidhjen e gabuar: kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ose mosrespektimi i standardit t\u00eb pastrimit, kur l\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb qendrore shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb (si rezultat, lidh\u00ebsi ngjitet ngjitur dhe kabulli mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb), ose e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe A (shih skic\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/36f34a2f4c8ee7a4c6e011365ca34f4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVe\u00e7m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb themi se edhe pastrimi i duhur nuk do t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb nga gabimi, n\u00ebse ai q\u00eb b\u00ebn lidhjen nuk e ngjesh lidh\u00ebsin plot\u00ebsisht dhe gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb qendrore nuk hyj n\u00eb \"gjilp\u00ebr\u00ebn\" e lidh\u00ebsit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, gjilp\u00ebra ka l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebri, n\u00ebse e l\u00ebvizni me gishti. Kur gjilp\u00ebra ka hyr\u00eb mir\u00eb - nuk mund ta l\u00ebvizni. Kjo duhet kontrolluar p\u00ebr \u00e7do lidh\u00ebs q\u00eb b\u00ebhet i \u00e7montuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>Me ndar\u00ebsit e vetme n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10 vjet mund t\u00eb ndodhin gj\u00ebra q\u00eb njihen midis koleksionist\u00ebve t\u00eb modeleve n\u00eb shkall\u00eb si \"\u00e7mimi zink\u00eb\".<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/04815ea2df9846c9aaf81a28bdbbd877.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto nga siti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/a-time.ru\/forum\/?PAGE_NAME=read&amp;FID=16&amp;TID=266&amp;PAGEN_1=12\">a-time.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Korpus\u00ebt e ndar\u00ebsve, t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga aliazh t\u00eb paqart\u00eb dhe q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb kushte klimatike t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhen literal n\u00eb duar gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb koneksionin, ose madje thjesht gjat\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb kabllove n\u00eb panel. Kjo zakonisht ndodh kur n\u00eb panel punojn\u00eb montazher\u00eb, duke t\u00ebrhequr dik\u00eb internet, ose ndonj\u00eb nga instaluesit e interfon\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse ndarja, nga e cila fillon pilastra, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb dysh dhe niveli i sinjalit n\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu kaq i keq sa n\u00eb apartament, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb at\u00eb ndar\u00ebs ku ndodh ndarja e par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb masim sinjalin q\u00eb na vjen nga pajisjet aktive nga bodrumi (ose kati i sip\u00ebrm - si \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar). Pas kalimit k\u00ebshtu n\u00ebp\u00ebr q\u00ebndra dhe pa zgjidhur problemin, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb pajisjet aktive dhe t\u00eb masim tashm\u00eb mbi to.<\/p>\n<h1>Pajisjet aktive<\/h1>\n<p>\nPara s\u00eb gjithash, duhet t\u00eb vihet re se midis receptor\u00ebve optik\u00eb dhe amplifikator\u00ebve ndodhet gjithashtu nj\u00eb rrjet shp\u00ebrndar\u00ebs, i nd\u00ebrtuar sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave parime si q\u00ebndrat, prandaj ka t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat probleme. Prandaj, gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr duhet t\u00eb kontrollohet edhe k\u00ebtu, dhe pastaj t\u00eb faj\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr funksionimin e harduerit.<\/p>\n<p>Pra, ne jemi n\u00eb bodrum (kati i sip\u00ebrm, GRSU), p\u00ebrpara kutis\u00eb me amplifikator\u00eb<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d3b32e7e60d724633e61bd530ba680c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDhe kjo ndodh...<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse nuk ka sinjal n\u00eb q\u00ebnd\u00ebr dhe ka dyshime se amplifikatori \u00ebsht\u00eb i vdekur, at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb sipas temperatur\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Edhe n\u00eb ngrica t\u00eb ashpra n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb pa ngrohta, nj\u00eb amplifikator n\u00eb pun\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i ngroht\u00eb se mjedisi p\u00ebrreth, nd\u00ebrsa ai i djegur do t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb ftoht\u00ebsi. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndryshimi i temperaturave nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i ndjesh\u00ebm, at\u00ebher\u00eb hapja do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb patjet\u00ebr se brenda amplifikatorit nuk ndizet indikatorin e energjis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb amplifikator i till\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me nj\u00eb q\u00eb funksionon, dhe m\u00eb pas riparohet me nj\u00eb stacion t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm saldimi, pasi pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha daljet nga p\u00ebrdorimi lidhen me kondensator\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb fryr\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb amplifikator\u00ebve me furnizim n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shky\u00e7ni gjith\u00eb rrjetin p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur shkarkimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. Edhe pse tensioni atje nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb (60 V), ama rryma, ai furnizimi q\u00eb t\u00eb tregova ty n\u00eb... <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">pjesa e gjasht\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> mund t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm: me prekje q\u00ebndrore mbi trupin, garantohet nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthim i fuqish\u00ebm. Dhe n\u00ebse k\u00ebta amplifikator\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje energjie n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi me sukses, me k\u00ebto efekte speciale ka nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb konsiderueshme q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb edhe disa pajisje t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Por ndodh gjithashtu q\u00eb amplifikatori \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull, por megjithat\u00eb jep shum\u00eb zhurm\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet, ose thjesht nuk arrin t\u00eb rritet deri n\u00eb nivelin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb sinjalit (zakonisht 110 dB\u03bcV). K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb duke u siguruar q\u00eb sinjali nuk ka ardhur tashm\u00eb i prishur, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb matje t\u00eb sinjalit hyr\u00ebs. Nga problemet e karakteristike t\u00eb amplifikator\u00ebve q\u00eb nuk sh\u00ebrohen, mund t\u00eb ve\u00e7ojm\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ulja e koeficientit t\u00eb forcimit. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb degradimit t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs ose t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kaskad\u00ebs amplifikuese n\u00eb daljen kemi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel sinjali si n\u00eb hyrje (ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb, por jo mjaft p\u00ebr funksionimin normal).<\/li>\n<li>Zhurmimi i sinjalit. Puna e amplifikatorit e deformon sinjalin aq shum\u00eb sa q\u00eb parametri i shkarkosur CARRIER\/NOISE (C\/N) del jasht\u00eb normales dhe pengon njohjen e sinjalit nga marr\u00ebsi. <\/li>\n<li>Shkatrimi i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit digjital t\u00eb sinjalit. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb amplifikatori kalon sinjalin analog n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme, por gjithashtu nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb \"digit\". Shpesh parametrat MER dhe BER, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">pjesa e kat\u00ebrt<\/a><\/noindex> dalin jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm dhe konstelacioni kthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb kaos t\u00eb \u00e7rregullt, por ndodhin edhe situata arg\u00ebtuese, kur p\u00ebr shembull amplifikatori harron nj\u00eb nga parametrat e modullimit dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb konstelacioni paraqet n\u00eb ekranin e instrumentit nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb ose rreth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKur shkaktohen k\u00ebto d\u00ebmtime, amplifikatori duhet t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet, por ka disa probleme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhen me rregullime. Zakonisht, sinjali n\u00eb daljen e amplifikatorit bie, dhe shpesh mjafton t\u00eb reduktohet vlera e atenuatorit t\u00eb hyrjes. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi, amplifikatori fillon t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb nivelit n\u00eb hyrje, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb duhet ta shtypim me atenuatorin. T\u00eb gjitha rregullimet duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb amplifikator p\u00ebr problemin, sepse, p\u00ebr shembuj, n\u00ebse zvog\u00eblojm\u00eb sinjalin q\u00eb del nga marr\u00ebsi optik, kjo do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb amplifikator\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb normalisht, dhe do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb rregullohen manualisht sipas parametrave t\u00eb ndryshuar. Po ashtu, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tekrimit t\u00eb sinjalit, mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb q\u00eb numri t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet (n\u00eb rast t\u00eb zhurm\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb analog). Kam p\u00ebrshkruar detajet e rregullimeve t\u00eb amplifikator\u00ebve n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">pjesa e gjasht\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Mund t\u00eb provoni t\u00eb rregulloni dhe k\u00ebndin. Shpesh, gjat\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb sapo nd\u00ebrtuar, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd fillestar i madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar parametra t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb skajet e magistral\u00ebs. Por me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb degradimit t\u00eb kabllove, mund t\u00eb nevojitet rritja e k\u00ebndit, i cili, si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb, rritet p\u00ebrmes uljes s\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb frekuencave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kompensohet me atenuatorin.<\/p>\n<p>Marr\u00ebsit optik\u00eb shpesh vdesin thjesht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb furnizimit me energji. N\u00ebse n\u00eb hyrje ka nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm sinjali (cili - e kam shkruar n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">pjesa 7<\/a><\/noindex>), at\u00ebher\u00eb as probleme n\u00eb dalje zakonisht nuk ndodhin. Rrall\u00eb her\u00eb ndodhin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat simptomat \u2014 zhurm\u00eb e rritur dhe nivel i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm dal\u00ebs, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve t\u00eb rregullimeve, kjo zakonisht nuk trajtohet. Diagnostika \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb \u2014 kontrollojm\u00eb n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb ngroht\u00eb apo jo, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs masim sinjalin nga dalja.<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00eb flas ndaras p\u00ebr lidhjet testuese: nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e men\u00e7ur t'u besosh atyre. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se edhe n\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka funksionon, nj\u00eb sinjal i ul\u00ebt me 20-30 dB mund t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb problemet q\u00eb ka \"dalja reale\". Por shpesh ndodh gjithashtu q\u00eb problemet n\u00eb rrug\u00eb ndodhin pas lidhjes testuese, dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka duket n\u00eb rregull \u2014 por fakti \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe. Prandaj, p\u00ebr siguri t\u00eb plot\u00eb, gjithmon\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kontrolloni pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb dalje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar n\u00eb magistral\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h1>Magistrala optike<\/h1>\n<p>\nMund t\u00eb flas\u00ebsh shum\u00eb p\u00ebr problemet dhe k\u00ebrkimin e tyre n\u00eb optik\u00eb, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mrekullueshme q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb e kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tashm\u00eb para meje: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/227647\/\">Fqinj\u00eb optike. Pjesa 4: matjet n\u00eb optik\u00eb, heqja dhe analiza e reflektogram\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex>. Un\u00eb vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb them shkurt, q\u00eb n\u00ebse n\u00eb marr\u00ebsin optik shohim r\u00ebnie t\u00eb sinjalit dhe kjo nuk lidhet me di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/03c2c7a03122f86a6e9910f2ad8b59f2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ne kemi pinguin n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg \u2014 e dini vet\u00eb. Dhe n\u00ebn tok\u00eb, optika do ta nxjerr\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb pastrimi ose z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi i kabllit p\u00ebrfundimtar. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodh q\u00eb degradohet marr\u00ebsi optik, ose amplifikatori optik, k\u00ebtu medicina \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim e pafuqishme. Por gjithsesi pa ndonj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, optika \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e besueshme dhe problemet me t\u00eb, zakonisht p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb traktorin q\u00eb kullot af\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<h1>Stacioni kryesor<\/h1>\n<p>\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 problemeve t\u00eb dukshme me furnizimin me energji dhe lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb me burime p\u00ebrmes rrjeteve IP, nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb stacionit kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb moti. Era e fort\u00eb mund t\u00eb heq\u00eb ose kthjell\u00eb antenat, nd\u00ebrsa bora e lagur, q\u00eb mbulon en\u00ebt satelitore, ndjesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e marrjes. T\u00eb luftosh me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, sepse antenat vendosen sa m\u00eb lart t\u00eb mundshme, ku moti \u00ebsht\u00eb i eg\u00ebr dhe madje ngrohja anti-kk\u00ebsh p\u00ebr en\u00ebt nuk shpesh funksionon, prandaj her\u00eb pas here duhet t'i pastroni ato me dor\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Rejset e televizionit kabllor p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa 10: Gjetja dhe eliminimi i defekteve n\u00eb rrjetin KTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/6f80f8c4bfb6615109b1e1a8fc6bab6e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP.S. K\u00ebtu e mbylli ekskursin tim t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e televizionit kabel. Shpresoj q\u00eb k\u00ebto artikuj ndihmuan n\u00eb zgjerimin e horizontit dhe zbuluan di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re n\u00eb t\u00eb njohur. P\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb pun\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb, rekomandoj p\u00ebr thellimin e njohurive librin \"Rrjetet e televizionit kabel\", autori Volkov S.V., ISBN 5-93517-190-2. N\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb arritshme.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f-\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0422\u0412 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4: \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 5: \u041a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 6: \u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 RF-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - 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