{"id":35800,"date":"2019-10-31T22:06:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:06:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:24","slug":"dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod","title":{"rendered":"Dizajni i Qendr\u00ebs Virtuale t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnash","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dizajni
\n
\nHyrje<\/b><\/p>\n

Sistemi informatik nga pik\u00ebpamja e p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrcaktohet mir\u00eb n\u00eb GOST RV 51987 \u2014 \"sistemi i automatizuar, rezultati i funksionimit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitja e informacionit t\u00eb dal\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb m\u00ebpassh\u00ebm\". N\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e brendshme, \u00e7do IS \u00ebsht\u00eb esencialisht nj\u00eb sistem i algoritmeve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura t\u00eb realizuara n\u00eb kod. N\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb tez\u00ebs s\u00eb Turing-\u00c7urchit, algoritmi (dhe rrjedhimisht IS) realizon transformimin e nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash hyr\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash dal\u00ebse.
\nMund t\u00eb thuhet madje se n\u00eb transformimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyr\u00ebse q\u00ebndron kuptimi i ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemit informatik. Si rrjedhim, vlera e IS dhe e gjith\u00eb kompleksit t\u00eb IS p\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse.
\nDuke u bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, projektimi duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb marr\u00eb si baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, duke p\u00ebrshtatur arkitektur\u00ebn dhe metodat me struktur\u00ebn dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ruajtura<\/b>
\nNj\u00eb hap ky\u00e7 i p\u00ebrgatitjes p\u00ebr projektim \u00ebsht\u00eb marrja e karakteristikave t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha grupeve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, t\u00eb planifikuara p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunim dhe ruajtje. K\u00ebto karakteristika p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb:
\n \u2014 V\u00ebllimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 Informacion mbi ciklin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (rritja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb reja, koha e jet\u00ebs, p\u00ebrpunimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vjetra);
\n \u2014 Klasifikimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga pik\u00ebpamja e ndikimit n\u00eb biznesin kryesor t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb (triada e konfidencialitetit, integritetit, disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb) s\u00eb bashku me treguesit financiar\u00eb (p.sh. kosto e humbjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr or\u00ebn e fundit);
\n \u2014 Gjeografia e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (vendndodhja fizike e sistemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit);
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat e rregullator\u00ebve p\u00ebr \u00e7do klas\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash (p.sh. FZ-152, PCI DSS).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sistemet informatik<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat jo vet\u00ebm ruhen, por gjithashtu b\u00ebhen objekt i p\u00ebrpunimit (transformimit) nga sistemet informatik. Hapi i ardhsh\u00ebm pas marrjes s\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb inventarizimi sa m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb sistemeve informatik, ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e tyre arkitektonike, var\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr infrastruktur\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi konvencionale p\u00ebr kat\u00ebr lloje burimesh:
\n \u2014 Fuqia llogarit\u00ebse e procesorit;
\n \u2014 V\u00ebllimi i memories operative;
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr v\u00ebllimin dhe performanc\u00ebn e sistemit t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr rrjetin e komunikimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (kanalet e jashtme, kanalet midis komponenteve t\u00eb IS).
\nK\u00ebrkesat duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim\/mikrosh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin e informacionit.
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se p\u00ebr projektimin e sakt\u00eb nevojiten t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi ndikimin e sistemit t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb biznesin kryesor t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kostos s\u00eb ndaljes s\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb informacionit (rubla n\u00eb or\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Modeli i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb detyrueshme, duhet t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb model formal i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat planifikohet mbrojtja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave\/sh\u00ebrbimeve. Ky model i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve p\u00ebrmban jo vet\u00ebm aspektet e privat\u00ebsis\u00eb, por gjithashtu t\u00eb integritetit dhe disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. Pra, p\u00ebr shembull:
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i serverit fizik;
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i switch-it top-of-the-rack;
\n \u2014 Prerja e kanalit optik t\u00eb lidhjes midis Qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i plot\u00eb i memorieve operative t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.
\nN\u00eb disa raste, modelet e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve shkruhen jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt infrastrukturor\u00eb, por edhe p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta informacioni ose p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt e tyre, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi i DBMS me shkat\u00ebrrimin logjik t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.
\nT\u00eb gjitha zgjidhjet brenda projektit p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e pa p\u00ebrshkruara jan\u00eb t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat e rregullator\u00ebve<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrpunuara bien n\u00ebn regjimin e rregullave speciale t\u00eb vendosura nga rregullator\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb sigurohet informacion mbi grumbujt e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe rregullat e p\u00ebrpunimit\/ruajtjes.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e synuara RPO\/RTO<\/b><\/p>\n

Projektimi i \u00e7do lloji mbrojtjeje k\u00ebrkon ekzistenc\u00ebn e treguesve t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb synuar t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe koh\u00ebs s\u00eb synuar p\u00ebr rikuperimin e sh\u00ebrbimit p\u00ebr \u00e7do nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e p\u00ebrmendura.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale, RPO dhe RTO duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb kosto t\u00eb asocuara p\u00ebr humbjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe ndaljen n\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohe.<\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nNdara n\u00eb grupe burimesh<\/b><\/p>\n

Pas mbledhjes s\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionit fillestar, hapi i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb grupimi i set\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe sistemeve t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb grupe, duke u bazuar n\u00eb modelet e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve dhe k\u00ebrkesat e rregullator\u00ebve. P\u00ebrcaktohet lloji i ndarjes s\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme \u2013 programore n\u00eb nivelin e softuerit sistemor ose fizikisht.
\nShembuj:
\n \u2014 Konturi q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunon t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale, \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht fizikisht i ndar\u00eb nga sistemet e tjera;
\n \u2014 Kopjet rezerv\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, grupet mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb paplot\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrcaktohen dy grupe t\u00eb burimeve kompjuterike (kapaciteti i procesorit + memoria operative), t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

Kapaciteti i procesorit<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nNevojat abstrakte p\u00ebr fuqin\u00eb procesorike t\u00eb Qendr\u00ebs t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb virtualizuar matet n\u00eb numrin e procesor\u00ebve virtual\u00eb (vCPU) dhe koeficientin e konsolidimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt fizik\u00eb (pCPU). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast konkret, 1 pCPU = 1 b\u00ebrtham\u00eb fizike procesori (pa marr\u00eb parasysh Hyper-Threading). Numri i vCPU-s\u00eb sumohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupet e p\u00ebrcaktuara t\u00eb burimeve (secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb koeficientin e tij t\u00eb konsolidimit).
\nKoeficienti i konsolidimit p\u00ebr sistemet e ngarkuara merret empirikisht, duke u bazuar n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn ekzistuese, ose gjat\u00eb instalimeve pilot dhe testimeve t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. P\u00ebr sistemet q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkuara, zbatohen praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, VMware e quan koeficientin mesatar 8:1.<\/p>\n

Memoria operuese<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesa totale p\u00ebrmemorie t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme merret n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb mbledhjeje t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. P\u00ebrdorimi i mbishkrimit p\u00ebrmemorie nuk rekomandohet.<\/p>\n

Burimet e ruajtjes<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr burimet e ruajtjes p\u00ebrcaktohen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb mbledhjeje t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupeve sipas volumit dhe performanc\u00ebs.
\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr performanc\u00eb shprehen n\u00eb IOPS n\u00eb kombinim me raportin mesatar t\u00eb leximit\/shkrimit dhe, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, me vones\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjes.
\nVe\u00e7mas duhen specifikuar k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr garantimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit (QoS) p\u00ebr grupe ose sisteme specifike.<\/p>\n

Burimet e rrjetit t\u00eb transfert\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr rrjetin e transfert\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrcaktohen nga mbledhja e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb kapacitetit.
\nVe\u00e7mas duhen specifikuar k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr garantimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit (QoS) dhe vonesave (RTT) p\u00ebr grupe ose sisteme specifike.
\nN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr burimet e rrjetit t\u00eb transfert\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, gjithashtu p\u00ebrcaktohen k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr izolimin dhe\/ose enkriptimin e trafikut t\u00eb rrjetit dhe mekanizmat e preferuar (802.1q, IPSec, etj.)<\/p>\n

Zgjedhja e arkitektur\u00ebs<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebzimi nuk merret n\u00eb shqyrtim asnj\u00eb zgjedhje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 arkitektur\u00ebs x86 dhe virtualizimit 100% t\u00eb server\u00ebve. Prandaj, zgjedhja e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebs kompjuterike p\u00ebrmbledh zgjedhjen e platform\u00ebs s\u00eb virtualizimit t\u00eb server\u00ebve, form\u00ebs server\u00ebve dhe k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pik\u00eb ky\u00e7e e zgjedhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb qart\u00ebsia n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e qasjes klasike me ndarjen e funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit, ruajtjes dhe transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose konvergjente.<\/p>\n

Arkitektura klasike<\/i> p\u00ebrfshin p\u00ebrdorimin e sistemeve inteligjente t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr ruajtjen dhe transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, nd\u00ebrsa server\u00ebt kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb grupin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb burimeve fizike vet\u00ebm me kapacitetin e procesorit dhe memorjes operative. N\u00eb rastin ekstrem, server\u00ebt b\u00ebhen plot\u00ebsisht anonim\u00eb, pa jo vet\u00ebm disqe t\u00eb veta, por as nj\u00eb identifikues sistemor. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdoret ngarkimi i OS ose i hypervizorit nga media flash t\u00eb integruara ose nga nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (boot from SAN).
\nBrenda arkitektur\u00ebs klasike, zgjedhja midis blade dhe rack zakonisht b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsisht sipas parimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme:
\n \u2014 Efikasiteti ekonomik (n\u00eb mesatare, server\u00ebt e raftit jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb);
\n \u2014 Dend\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrpunimit (nd\u00ebr blade \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb);
\n \u2014 Konsumi i energjis\u00eb dhe nxeht\u00ebsia (nd\u00ebr blade \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi);
\n \u2014 Shkallueshm\u00ebria dhe menaxhueshm\u00ebria (blade n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrpjekje n\u00eb instalime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha);
\n \u2014 P\u00ebrdorimi i kartave zgjeruese (p\u00ebr blade, zgjedhja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e kufizuar).
\nArkitektura konvergjente<\/i> (njohur gjithashtu si hiperkonvergjente<\/i>) parashikon kombinimin e funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit dhe ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e disqeve lokale t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe si pasoj\u00eb heqjen dor\u00eb nga formati klasik i blade. P\u00ebr sistemet konvergjente p\u00ebrdoren ose server\u00eb t\u00eb raftit, ose sisteme klasteri q\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb karakht disa server\u00eb blade dhe disqe lokale.<\/p>\n

CPU \/ Memory <\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur sakt\u00eb konfigurimin, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptohet tipi i ngarkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr ambientin ose p\u00ebr \u00e7do klaster t\u00eb pavarur.
\nCPU bound<\/i> \u2013 ambient q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga fuqia p\u00ebrpunuese e procesorit. Shtimi i memorjes operative nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb asgj\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin e performanc\u00ebs (numrit t\u00eb VM-ve n\u00eb server).
\nMemory bound<\/i> \u2013 ambient q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga memoria operative. Nj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb e madhe e memorjes operative n\u00eb server lejon t\u00eb nisni m\u00eb shum\u00eb VM n\u00eb server.
\nGB \/ MHz (GB \/ pCPU) \u2013 raporti mesatar i konsumit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ngarkese specifike t\u00eb memorjes operative dhe fuqis\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuese. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr llogaritjen e volumit t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb memorjes p\u00ebr nj\u00eb performanc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar dhe anasjelltas. <\/p>\n

Llogaritja e konfigurimit t\u00eb serverit<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nS\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen t\u00eb gjith\u00eb llojet e ngarkesave dhe t\u00eb merret nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar apo ndar\u00eb grupe t\u00eb ndryshme kompjuterike n\u00eb klastere t\u00eb ndryshme.
\nM\u00eb pas, p\u00ebr secilin nga klaster\u00ebt e p\u00ebrcaktuar, p\u00ebrcaktohet raporti GB \/ MHz me ngarkes\u00ebn e njohur paraprakisht. N\u00ebse ngarkesa nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur paraprakisht, por ka nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb kapacitetit t\u00eb procesor\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren koeficient\u00ebt standard\u00eb vCPU:pCPU p\u00ebr t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar k\u00ebrkesat e pushtimeve n\u00eb fizike. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7do klaster, shum\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb pushtimeve vCPU e ndajm\u00eb me koeficientin:
\nvCPUshum\u00eb \/ vCPU:pCPU = pCPUshum\u00eb \u2013 numri i k\u00ebrkuar i n\u00fcve fizike
\npCPUshum\u00eb \/ 1.25 = pCPUht \u2013 numri i n\u00fcve me korrigjim p\u00ebr Hyper-Threading
\nSupozoni se nevojitet t\u00eb llogaritet nj\u00eb klaster me 190 n\u00fcve \/ 3.5TB RAM. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, pranojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb synuar prej 50% t\u00eb kapacitetit t\u00eb procesor\u00ebve dhe 75% p\u00ebr memorien operuese.<\/p>\n

pCPU<\/b>
\n190
\nKapaciteti CPU<\/b>
\n50%<\/p>\n

Mem<\/b>
\n3500
\nKapaciteti Mem<\/b>
\n75%<\/p>\n

Socket<\/b>
\nCore<\/b>
\nSrv \/ CPU<\/b>
\nSrv Mem<\/b>
\nSrv \/ Mem<\/b><\/p>\n

2
\n6
\n25,3
\n128
\n36,5<\/p>\n

2
\n8
\n19,0
\n192
\n24,3<\/p>\n

2
\n10
\n15,2
\n256
\n18,2<\/p>\n

2
\n14
\n10,9
\n384
\n12,2<\/p>\n

2
\n18
\n8,4
\n512
\n9,1<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim rrounding p\u00ebr drejt\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs n\u00eb numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt lart (=ROUNDUP(A1;0)).
\nNga tabela b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se disa konfigurime server\u00ebsh jan\u00eb t\u00eb balancuara sipas treguesve t\u00eb synuar:
\n \u2014 26 server\u00eb 2*6c \/ 192 GB
\n \u2014 19 server\u00eb 2*10c \/ 256 GB
\n \u2014 10 server\u00eb 2*18c \/ 512 GB <\/p>\n

Zgjedhja nga k\u00ebto konfigurime duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb pas duke u bazuar n\u00eb faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb paketa termike dhe ftohja e disponueshme, server\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren, ose kostot.<\/p>\n

Ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e zgjedhjes s\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb serverit<\/b><\/p>\n

VM t\u00eb gjera. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb vendosen VM t\u00eb gjera (t\u00eb krahasueshme me 1 nod NUMA dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb) rekomandohet t\u00eb zgjidhen server\u00eb me konfigurim q\u00eb lejon k\u00ebto VM t\u00eb mbeten brenda nodit NUMA. Me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh VM t\u00eb gjera rrezikohet fragmentimi i burimeve t\u00eb klasterit dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast zgjidhen server\u00ebt q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb vendosjen e VM-ve t\u00eb gjera sa m\u00eb ngusht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Madh\u00ebsia e domenit t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/b> <\/p>\n

Zgjedhja e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb serverit gjithashtu b\u00ebhet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me parimin e minimizimit t\u00eb domenit t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. P\u00ebr shembull, kur zgjidhni midis:
\n \u2014 3 x 4*10c \/ 512 GB
\n \u2014 6 x 2*10c \/ 256 GB
\nN\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, duhet t\u00eb zgjidhet opsioni i dyt\u00eb, sepse me d\u00ebshtimin e nj\u00eb serveri (apo gjat\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit) humbet jo 33% e burimeve t\u00eb klasterit, por 17%. Po ashtu, numri i VM dhe I\u0421 q\u00eb u preken nga ndodhia reduktohet me gjysm\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Llogaritja e ruajtjes tradicionale bazuar n\u00eb performanc\u00eb<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nRuajtja tradicionale gjithmon\u00eb llogaritet sipas skenarit m\u00eb t\u00eb keq (worst case scenario), duke ekskluduar ndikimin e caches operativ dhe optimizimin e operacioneve.
\nSi tregues themelor t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, pranojm\u00eb performanc\u00ebn mekanike nga disku (IOPSdisk):
\n \u2014 7.2k \u2013 75 IOPS
\n \u2014 10k \u2013 125 IOPS
\n \u2014 15k \u2013 175 IOPS<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas numri i diskeve n\u00eb grupin e disqeve llogaritet sipas formul\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme: = TotalIOPS * ( RW + (1 \u2013RW) * RAIDPen) \/ IOPSdisk<\/i>. Ku:
\n \u2014 TotalIOPS<\/i> \u2013 performanca totale e k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb IOPS nga grupi i disqeve
\n \u2014 RW<\/i> \u2013 p\u00ebrqindja e operacioneve t\u00eb leximit
\n \u2014 RAIDpen<\/i> \u2013 penalizimi RAID p\u00ebr nivelin e zgjedhur t\u00eb RAID<\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb rreth pajisjes RAID dhe Penalizimit RAID tregohet k\u00ebtu \u2014 Performanca e ruajtjes. Pjesa e par\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Performanca e ruajtjes. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Performanca e ruajtjes. Pjesa e tret\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Duke u bazuar n\u00eb numrin e marr\u00eb t\u00eb disqeve, llogariten mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e mundshme q\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr kapacitetin e ruajtjes, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mund\u00ebsi me ruajtje n\u00eb nivele.
\nLlogaritja e sistemeve duke p\u00ebrdorur SSD si nivel ruajtjeje shqyrtohet ve\u00e7mas.
\nKarakteristikat e llogaritjes s\u00eb sistemeve me Flash Cache
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Flash Cache<\/i> \u2013 emri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha teknologjit\u00eb e mark\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin kujtes\u00ebn flash si cache t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Kur p\u00ebrdoret cache flash, ruajtja llogaritet zakonisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ngarkes\u00ebn e vendosur nga disqet magnetike, nd\u00ebrsa kulmin e sh\u00ebrben cache.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptohet profili i ngarkes\u00ebs dhe shkalla e lokalizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr blloqet e ruajtjes. Flash cache \u00ebsht\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr ngarkesa me lokalizim t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave, dhe thuajse nuk aplikohet p\u00ebr volume t\u00eb ngarkuar nj\u00eblloj (si p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb sistemet analitike). <\/p>\n

Llogaritja e sistemeve hibride low-end \/ mid-range<\/b><\/p>\n

Sistemet hibride t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe mesme p\u00ebrdorin ruajtje n\u00eb nivele me l\u00ebvizjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis niveleve sipas nj\u00eb orari. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, madh\u00ebsia e bllokut t\u00eb ruajtjes n\u00eb nivele n\u00eb modelet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira \u00ebsht\u00eb 256 MB. K\u00ebto karakteristika nuk lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb teknologjia e ruajtjes n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb konsiderohet teknologji p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn, si\u00e7 gabimisht mendon shum\u00eb. Ruajtja n\u00eb nivele n\u00eb sistemet e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe mesme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr optimizimin e kostos s\u00eb ruajtjes p\u00ebr sistemet me ngarkesa t\u00eb dukshme jo t\u00eb barabarta.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ruajtjen me shum\u00eb nivele, her\u00eb pas here llogaritet kryesisht performanca e nivelit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm, nd\u00ebrsa niveli i posht\u00ebm i ruajtjes konsiderohet vet\u00ebm si kontribues i kapacitetit t\u00eb ruajtjes q\u00eb mungon. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem hibrid me shum\u00eb nivele, p\u00ebrdorimi i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb keshit t\u00eb flash \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rezervuar t\u00eb shum\u00eb niveleve me q\u00ebllim kompensimin e humbjes s\u00eb performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb ngrohen papritmas nga niveli i posht\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i SSD n\u00eb rezervuarin e shum\u00eb niveleve<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nP\u00ebrdorimi i SSD n\u00eb rezervuarin e shum\u00eb niveleve ka variacione, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb algoritmeve t\u00eb keshit t\u00eb flash nga ky prodhues.
\nPraktika e p\u00ebrgjithshme e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb ruajtjes p\u00ebr rezervuarin disk me nivel SSD - SSD first.
\nKesh Flash vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim.<\/i> P\u00ebr keshin e flash vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim, niveli i ruajtjes n\u00eb SSD shfaqet kur operacionet e shkrimit lokalizohen n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 keshit.
\nKesh Flash Leximin \/ Shkrimin.<\/i> N\u00eb rastin e keshit t\u00eb flash p\u00ebr shkrim, fillimisht vendoset maksimumi i keshit, dhe niveli i ruajtjes n\u00eb SSD shfaqet vet\u00ebm kur ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb keshit p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn e lokalizuar.
\nLlogaritja e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb SSD dhe keshit b\u00ebhet \u00e7do her\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rekomandimet e prodhuesit, por gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebr rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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