{"id":35800,"date":"2019-10-31T22:06:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:06:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:24","slug":"dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod","title":{"rendered":"Dizajni i Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Virtualizuara","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dizajni
\n
\nHyrje<\/b><\/p>\n

Sistemi informatik nga perspektiva e p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrcaktohet mir\u00eb n\u00eb GOST RV 51987 - \"sistemi i automatizuar, rezultati i funksionimit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitja e informacionit t\u00eb daljes p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm\". N\u00ebse e shqyrtojm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e brendshme, n\u00eb thelb \u00e7do SI \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem algoritmesh t\u00eb lidhura t\u00eb realizuara n\u00eb kod. N\u00eb kuptimin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb tez\u00ebs s\u00eb Turing-Church, algoritmi (dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, SI) realizon transformimin e nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyr\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dal\u00ebse.
\nMadje mund t\u00eb thuhet se n\u00eb transformimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyr\u00ebse q\u00ebndron kuptimi i ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemit informatik. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, vlera e SI dhe e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kompleksit t\u00eb SI p\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse.
\nNga kjo, projektimi duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb marr\u00eb si baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, duke e p\u00ebrshtatur arkitektur\u00ebn dhe metodat sipas struktur\u00ebs dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ruajtura<\/b>
\nNj\u00eb nga fazat ky\u00e7e t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes p\u00ebr projektimin \u00ebsht\u00eb marrja e karakteristikave t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha grupeve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, q\u00eb parashikohen p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunim dhe ruajtje. K\u00ebto karakteristika p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb:
\n \u2014 V\u00ebllimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 Informacioni rreth ciklit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (rritja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb reja, koha e jet\u00ebs, p\u00ebrpunimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vjetra);
\n \u2014 Klasifikimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga pik\u00ebpamja e ndikimit n\u00eb biznesin kryesor t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb (n\u00eb triad\u00ebn e konfidencialitetit, integritetit, disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb) s\u00eb bashku me treguesit financiar\u00eb (p.sh., kostot e humbjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb or\u00ebn e fundit);
\n \u2014 Gjeografia e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (vendi fizik i sistemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit);
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat e rregullator\u00ebve p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn klas\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash (p.sh., FZ-152, PCI DSS).<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sistemet informative<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb ruhen, por gjithashtu p\u00ebrpunohen (transformohen) nga sistemet informative. Hap i ardhsh\u00ebm pas marrjes s\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb inventarizimi sa m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb sistemeve informative, ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb tyre arkitektonike, var\u00ebsive dhe k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr infrastruktur\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb kat\u00ebr llojeve t\u00eb burimeve:
\n \u2014 Fuqia llogarit\u00ebse e procesor\u00ebve;
\n \u2014 V\u00ebllimi i kujtes\u00ebs operative;
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr v\u00ebllimin dhe performanc\u00ebn e sistemit t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr rrjetin e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (kanalet e jashtme, kanalet midis p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsve t\u00eb SI).
\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim\/mikrosh\u00ebrbim n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb SI.
\nVe\u00e7an\u00ebrisht duhet t\u00eb theksohet se p\u00ebr projektimin e sakt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion nj\u00eb informacion rreth ndikimit t\u00eb SI n\u00eb biznesin kryesor t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kostos s\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb SI (rubla p\u00ebr or\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Modeli i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve<\/b><\/p>\n

Duhen t\u00eb jen\u00eb patjet\u00ebr n\u00eb dispozicion nj\u00eb model formal i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve, nga t\u00eb cilat planifikohet t\u00eb mbrohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat\/sh\u00ebrbimet. Ky model k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimesh p\u00ebrfshin jo vet\u00ebm aspektet e konfidencialitetit por gjithashtu t\u00eb integritetit dhe disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. Pra, p\u00ebr shembull:
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i serverit fizik;
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i switch-it top-of-the-rack;
\n \u2014 Prishja e kanalit optik t\u00eb komunikimit mes Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave;
\n \u2014 D\u00ebshtimi i sistemit t\u00eb ruajtjes operative n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi.
\nN\u00eb disa raste, modelet e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve shkruhen jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt infrastruktural, por edhe p\u00ebr sistemet informative specifike ose p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt e tyre, si p\u00ebr shembull d\u00ebshtimi i DBMS me shkat\u00ebrrimin logjik t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.
\nT\u00eb gjitha zgjidhjet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit p\u00ebr mbrojtjen kund\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkruara jan\u00eb t\u00eb panevojshme.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat e rregullator\u00ebve<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrpunuara bien n\u00ebn rregullat speciale, t\u00eb vendosura nga rregullator\u00ebt, domosdoshm\u00ebrisht k\u00ebrkohet informacion mbi grupet e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe rregullat e p\u00ebrpunimit\/ruajtjes.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e synuara RPO\/RTO<\/b><\/p>\n

Projektimi i \u00e7do lloji t\u00eb mbrojtjes k\u00ebrkon ekzistenc\u00ebn e treguesve t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe koh\u00ebs synuese t\u00eb rikuperimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e p\u00ebrshkruara.
\nIdealizisht, RPO dhe RTO duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb koston e asociuar t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe nd\u00ebrprerjes n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohore.<\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nShk\u00ebputja n\u00eb grupe burimesh<\/b><\/p>\n

Pas mbledhjes s\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionit fillestar, hapi i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb grumbullimi i grupeve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe SI n\u00eb grupe, sipas modeleve t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve dhe k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb rregullator\u00ebve. P\u00ebrcaktohet lloji i ndarjes s\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme - n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb programore n\u00eb nivelin e softuerit sistemor ose fizikisht.
\nShembuj:
\n \u2014 Konturi, q\u00eb proceson t\u00eb dh\u00ebna personale, \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht fizikisht i ndar\u00eb nga sistemet e tjera;
\n \u2014 Kopjet rezerv\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ruajtjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, grupimet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb me var\u00ebsi t\u00eb paplot\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrcaktohen dy grupe burimesh llogarit\u00ebse (fuqia e procesor\u00ebve + kujtesa operative), t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vet\u00ebm burimesh t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

Fuqia llogarit\u00ebse<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nNevojat abstracte p\u00ebr fuqin\u00eb e procesor\u00ebve t\u00eb Qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Virtualizuara matet n\u00eb numrin e procesor\u00ebve virtual\u00eb (vCPU) dhe faktor\u00ebt e konsolidimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt fizik\u00eb (pCPU). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast specifik, 1 pCPU = 1 b\u00ebrtham\u00eb fizike procesori (pa marr\u00eb parasysh Hyper-Threading). Numri i vCPU p\u00ebrllogaritet gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupet e caktuara t\u00eb burimeve (secila prej t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb faktor konsolidimi t\u00eb saj).
\nFaktor\u00ebt e konsolidimit p\u00ebr sistemet e ngarkuara jan\u00eb t\u00eb fituara p\u00ebrmes metodave empirike, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs ekzistuese, ose gjat\u00eb instalimeve pilot dhe testeve t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. P\u00ebr sistemet q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkuara aplikohen 'praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira'. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, VMware e paraqet nj\u00eb faktor mesatar prej 8:1.<\/p>\n

Memoria RAM<\/b><\/p>\n

Nevoja totale p\u00ebr memorie \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht shuma e saj. P\u00ebrdorimi i mbi-shp\u00ebrndarjes p\u00ebr memorien nuk rekomandohet.<\/p>\n

Burimet e ruajtjes<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr burime ruajtjeje rezultojn\u00eb nga thjesht shuma e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupeve sipas kapacitetit dhe performanc\u00ebs.
\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr performanc\u00eb shprehen n\u00eb IOPS n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me raportin mesatar t\u00eb leximit\/shkruarjes dhe, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, me vones\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjes.
\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr garantimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit (QoS) p\u00ebr grupe ose sisteme specifike duhet t\u00eb jepen ve\u00e7mas.<\/p>\n

Burimet e rrjetit t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr rrjetin e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave arrijn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes thjesht shume t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb kapacitetit.
\nK\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr garantimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit (QoS) dhe vonesave (RTT) p\u00ebr grupe ose sisteme specifike duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb jepen ve\u00e7mas.
\nN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr burimet e rrjetit t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, gjithashtu jepen k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr izolimin dhe\/ose enkriptimin e trafikut t\u00eb rrjetit dhe mekanizmat e preferuar (802.1q, IPSec, etj.)<\/p>\n

Zgjedhja e arkitektur\u00ebs<\/b><\/p>\n

Ky udh\u00ebzues nuk shqyrton zgjedhjen tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 arkitektur\u00ebs x86 dhe 100% virtualizimit t\u00eb server\u00ebve. Prandaj, zgjedhja e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit reduktohet n\u00eb zgjedhjen e platform\u00ebs s\u00eb virtualizimit t\u00eb server\u00ebve, formatit t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb moment ky\u00e7 n\u00eb zgjedhje \u00ebsht\u00eb siguria p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e qasjes klasike me ndarjen e funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit, ruajtjes dhe transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb konverguar.<\/p>\n

Arkitektura klasike<\/i> n\u00ebnkupton p\u00ebrdorimin e n\u00ebn-sistemeve inteligjente t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr ruajtjen dhe transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, nd\u00ebrsa server\u00ebt sjellin n\u00eb rezervuarin e burimeve fizike vet\u00ebm fuqin\u00eb e procesor\u00ebve dhe memorien. N\u00eb rastin ekstrem, server\u00ebt b\u00ebhen plot\u00ebsisht anonim\u00eb, pa disqe t\u00eb vetat, madje as nj\u00eb identifikues sistemi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrdoret ngarkesa e OS ose e hipervizorit nga pajisjet Flash t\u00eb integruara ose nga nj\u00eb sistem i jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (boot from SAN).
\nN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs klasike, zgjedhja midis l\u00ebvizjes (blade) dhe rafteve (rack) b\u00ebhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb mbi baz\u00ebn e parimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme:
\n \u2014 Efikasiteti ekonomik (n\u00eb mesatare, server\u00ebt e rafteve jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb);
\n \u2014 Densiteti i p\u00ebrpunimit (p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjet \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb);
\n \u2014 Konsumi i energjis\u00eb dhe nxeht\u00ebsia e emetuar (p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjet, n\u00eb mesatare, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00ebsin\u00eb);
\n \u2014 Zgjerueshm\u00ebria dhe menaxhueshm\u00ebria (l\u00ebvizjet k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrpjekje n\u00eb instalimet e m\u00ebdha);
\n \u2014 P\u00ebrdorimi i kartave t\u00eb zgjerimit (p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjet, zgjedhja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e kufizuar).
\nArkitektura konverguese<\/i> (e njohur gjithashtu si hyperkonverguese<\/i>) parashikon bashkimin e funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit dhe ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e disqeve lokale t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe si pasoj\u00eb, braktisjen e formatit t\u00eb klasikeve l\u00ebviz\u00ebse. P\u00ebr sistemet konverguese p\u00ebrdoren ose server\u00eb t\u00eb rafteve ose sisteme klasteri q\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb trupi disa server\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebs dhe disqe lokale.<\/p>\n

CPU \/ Memory <\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr p\u00ebrllogaritjen e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguracionit, duhet t\u00eb kuptohet lloji i ngarkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr ambientin ose \u00e7do klaster t\u00eb pavarur.
\nCPU bound<\/i> \u2013 nj\u00eb ambient q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga fuqia e procesor\u00ebve. Shtimi i memories nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb performanc\u00eb (numri i VM-ve n\u00eb server).
\nMemory bound<\/i> \u2013 nj\u00eb ambient q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga memoria. Nj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb e madhe memorie n\u00eb server lejon t\u00eb nis\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb VM.
\nGB \/ MHz (GB \/ pCPU) \u2013 raporti mesatar i konsumit t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar dhe fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb procesor\u00ebve. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr p\u00ebrllogaritjet e volumit t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb memories n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb caktuar dhe anasjelltas. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrllogaritja e konfiguracionit t\u00eb serverit<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen t\u00eb gjitha llojet e ngarkesave dhe t\u00eb merret nj\u00eb vendim p\u00ebr kombinimin ose ndarjen e grupeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb llogaritjeve sipas klastereve t\u00eb ndryshme.
\nPastaj, p\u00ebr \u00e7do klaster t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar, p\u00ebrcaktohet raporti GB \/ MHz me ngarkes\u00ebn e njohur paraprakisht. N\u00ebse ngarkesa nuk dihet paraprakisht, por ka nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb procesor\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren koeficient\u00ebt standard\u00eb vCPU:pCPU p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer k\u00ebrkesat e grupeve n\u00eb fizike. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr \u00e7do klaster, shum\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb grupeve vCPU e ndajm\u00eb me koeficientin:
\nvCPUshum\u00eb \/ vCPU:pCPU = pCPUshum\u00eb \u2013 numri i k\u00ebrkuar i b\u00ebrthamave fizike
\npCPUshum\u00eb \/ 1.25 = pCPUht \u2013 numri i b\u00ebrthamave me korrigjim p\u00ebr Hyper-Threading
\nSupozoni se \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb llogaritet nj\u00eb klaster me 190 b\u00ebrthama \/ 3.5TB RAM. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, marrim nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb synuar prej 50% t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb procesorit dhe 75% p\u00ebr memorien operative.<\/p>\n

pCPU<\/b>
\n190
\nCPU util<\/b>
\n50%<\/p>\n

Mem<\/b>
\n3500
\nMem util<\/b>
\n75%<\/p>\n

Socket<\/b>
\nB\u00ebrthama<\/b>
\nSrv \/ CPU<\/b>
\nSrv Mem<\/b>
\nSrv \/ Mem<\/b><\/p>\n

2
\n6
\n25,3
\n128
\n36,5<\/p>\n

2
\n8
\n19,0
\n192
\n24,3<\/p>\n

2
\n10
\n15,2
\n256
\n18,2<\/p>\n

2
\n14
\n10,9
\n384
\n12,2<\/p>\n

2
\n18
\n8,4
\n512
\n9,1<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdorim gjithmon\u00eb rrethimin drejt numrit m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt m\u00eb lart (=ROUNDUP(A1;0)).
\nNga tabela b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se disa konfiguracione server\u00ebsh jan\u00eb t\u00eb balancuara sipas indikator\u00ebve t\u00eb synuar:
\n \u2014 26 server\u00eb 2*6c \/ 192 GB
\n \u2014 19 server\u00eb 2*10c \/ 256 GB
\n \u2014 10 server\u00eb 2*18c \/ 512 GB <\/p>\n

Zgjedhja nga k\u00ebto konfiguracione duhet b\u00ebhet m\u00eb pas n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si p\u00ebr shembull paketa nxeht\u00ebsie dhe ftohja e disponueshme, server\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren, ose kostoja.<\/p>\n

Karakteristikat e zgjedhjes s\u00eb konfiguracionit t\u00eb serverit<\/b><\/p>\n

VM t\u00eb gjera. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme vendosja e VM t\u00eb gjera (krahasuese me 1 nyje NUMA dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb), rekomandohet q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhet nj\u00eb server me konfigurim q\u00eb lejon k\u00ebto VM t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb brenda nyj\u00ebs NUMA. Kur ka shum\u00eb VM t\u00eb gjera, ekziston rreziku i fragmentimit t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb klasterit, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast zgjidhen server\u00eb q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb vendosjen e VM t\u00eb gjera sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Madh\u00ebsia e domenit t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb vetme.<\/b> <\/p>\n

Zgjedhja e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb serverit b\u00ebhet gjithashtu nga parimi i minimizimit t\u00eb domenit t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb vetme. P\u00ebr shembull, kur zgjidhet midis:
\n \u2014 3 x 4*10c \/ 512 GB
\n \u2014 6 x 2*10c \/ 256 GB
\nMe kushte t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb barabarta, duhet t\u00eb zgjidhet opsioni i dyt\u00eb, sepse n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb nj\u00eb serveri (ose mir\u00ebmbajtjeve) humbet jo 33% e burimeve t\u00eb klasterit, por 17%. Po ashtu, numri i VM dhe IS q\u00eb preken nga aksidenti reduktohet me gjysm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Llogaritja e storage-\u00ebve klasik\u00eb sipas performanc\u00ebs<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nStorage-i klasik gjithmon\u00eb llogaritet sipas skenarit m\u00eb t\u00eb keq (worst case scenario), duke p\u00ebrjashtuar ndikimin e caches operative dhe optimizimin e operacioneve.
\nSi tregues baz\u00eb t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, merrni performanc\u00ebn mekanike nga disku (IOPSdisk):
\n \u2014 7.2k \u2013 75 IOPS
\n \u2014 10k \u2013 125 IOPS
\n \u2014 15k \u2013 175 IOPS<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, numri i disqeve n\u00eb pool-in e disqeve llogaritet sipas formul\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme: = TotalIOPS * ( RW + (1 \u2013RW) * RAIDPen) \/ IOPSdisk<\/i>. Ku:
\n \u2014 TotalIOPS<\/i> \u2013 performanca e k\u00ebrkuar totale n\u00eb IOPS nga pool-i i disqeve
\n \u2014 RW<\/i> \u2013 p\u00ebrqindja e operacioneve t\u00eb leximit
\n \u2014 RAIDpen<\/i> \u2013 nd\u00ebshkimi RAID p\u00ebr nivelin e zgjedhur RAID<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 RAID \u0438 RAID Penalty \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c — Performanca e storage-it. Pjesa e par\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Performanca e storage-it. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Performanca e storage-it. Pjesa e tret\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Duke u bazuar n\u00eb numrin e disqeve t\u00eb fituar, llogariten varianta e mundshme q\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr kapacitetin e ruajtjes, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb opcionet me ruajtje n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme.
\nLlogaritja e sistemeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin SSD si nivel ruajtjeje trajtohet ndaras.
\nKarakteristikat e llogaritjes s\u00eb sistemeve me Flash Cache
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Flash Cache<\/i> \u2013 emri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha teknologjit\u00eb e markave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin memorjen flash si cache t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Kur p\u00ebrdoret flash cache, storage-i llogaritet zakonisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ngarkes\u00ebn q\u00eb ka ardhur nga disqet magnetike, nd\u00ebrsa ajo pik\u00ebsore e sh\u00ebrbehet nga cache.
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptohet profili i ngarkes\u00ebs dhe niveli i lokalizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr blloket e volumeve t\u00eb ruajtjes. Flash cache \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr ngarkesa me lokalizim t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht e pap\u00ebrdorshme p\u00ebr volumet me ngarkesa t\u00eb barabarta (si p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebr sistemet analitike). <\/p>\n

Llogaritja e sistemeve hibride low-end \/ mid-range<\/b><\/p>\n

Sistemet hibride n\u00eb klasat e ulta dhe t\u00eb mesme p\u00ebrdorin ruajtje nd\u00ebrshtresore me transferim t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis niveleve sipas nj\u00eb skeduli. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, madh\u00ebsia e bllokut t\u00eb ruajtjes nd\u00ebrshtresore te modelet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira \u00ebsht\u00eb 256 MB. K\u00ebto karakteristika nuk e lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb teknologjia e ruajtjes nd\u00ebrshtresore t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e performanc\u00ebs, si\u00e7 mendojn\u00eb gabimisht shum\u00eb. Ruajtja nd\u00ebrshtresore n\u00eb sistemet e klasave t\u00eb ulta dhe t\u00eb mesme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr optimizimin e kostos s\u00eb ruajtjes p\u00ebr sistemet me nj\u00eb pabarazi t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ruajtjen me nivele t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta llogaritet fillimisht performanca p\u00ebr nivelin e sip\u00ebrm, nd\u00ebrsa niveli i posht\u00ebm i ruajtjes konsiderohet vet\u00ebm si ai q\u00eb siguron kapacitetin e munguar. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem hibride me nivele t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta, p\u00ebrdorimi i teknologjis\u00eb flash cache \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pool-in e shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kompensuar r\u00ebnien e performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb ngjiten papritur nga niveli i posht\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i SSD-s\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pool disk\u00ebsh me nivele t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Dizajni
\n
\nP\u00ebrdorimi i SSD-s\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pool disk\u00ebsh me nivele t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta ka variacione, var\u00ebsisht nga karakteristikat e realizimit t\u00eb algoritmeve t\u00eb flash cache nga ky prodhues.
\nPraktika e zakonshme e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb ruajtjes p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pool disqesh me nivel SSD \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2014 SSD first.
\nFlash Cache p\u00ebr Lexim t\u00eb Vet\u00ebm.<\/i> P\u00ebr flash cache vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim, niveli i ruajtjes n\u00eb SSD shfaqet kur operacionet e shkrimit jan\u00eb t\u00eb lokalizuara ndjesh\u00ebm jasht\u00eb keshit.
\nFlash Cache p\u00ebr Lexim \/ Shkrim.<\/i> N\u00eb rastin e memorizimit t\u00eb flash p\u00ebr shkrim, fillimisht vendoset volumi maksimal i memorizimit, dhe niveli i ruajtjes n\u00eb SSD shfaqet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse madh\u00ebsia e memorizimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn e lokalizuar.
\nLlogaritja e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb SSD-s\u00eb dhe memorizimit b\u00ebhet gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rekomandimet e prodhuesit, por gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebr rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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N\u00ebse shqyrtojm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e brendshme, \u00e7do sistem informatik \u00ebsht\u00eb esencialisht nj\u00eb sistem algoritmesh t\u00eb lidhura me kod. N\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb tez\u00ebs s\u00eb Turing-\u00c7ur\u00e7it, nj\u00eb algorit\u00ebm (prandaj edhe nj\u00eb sistem informatik) realizon transformimin e nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb hyrjesh.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dizajn-virtualizovannogo-tsod","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0426\u041e\u0414 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420\u0412 51987 \u2014 \u00ab\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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