{"id":35830,"date":"2019-10-31T22:06:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-11-osnovy-vlan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:06:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:06:40","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-11-osnovy-vlan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-11-osnovy-vlan","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 11. Bazat e VLAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Para se fillojm\u00eb me bazat e VLAN, do t'ju k\u00ebrkoja t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve t\u00eb ndaloni k\u00ebt\u00eb video, t\u00eb klikoni n\u00eb ikon\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebndin e majt\u00eb t\u00eb posht\u00ebm ku shkruan Networking consultant, t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb faqen ton\u00eb n\u00eb Facebook dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb like atje. M\u00eb pas, kthehuni n\u00eb video dhe klikoni n\u00eb ikon\u00ebn King n\u00eb k\u00ebndin e djatht\u00eb t\u00eb posht\u00ebm p\u00ebr t'u abonuar n\u00eb kanalin ton\u00eb zyrtar n\u00eb YouTube. Ne vazhdimisht po shtojm\u00eb seri t\u00eb reja, tani p\u00ebr kursin CCNA, dhe m\u00eb pas planifikojm\u00eb t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb kursin e video m\u00ebsimeve CCNA Security, Network+, PMP, ITIL, Prince2 dhe t\u00eb publikojm\u00eb k\u00ebto seri t\u00eb mrekullueshme n\u00eb kanalin ton\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Tani, sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr bazat e VLAN dhe do t'i japim p\u00ebrgjigje 3 pyetjeve: \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb VLAN, p\u00ebrse na nevojitet VLAN dhe si ta konfigurojm\u00eb at\u00eb. Shpresoj q\u00eb pas shikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij video m\u00ebsimi, do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeni n\u00eb t\u00eb tri pyetjet.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb VLAN? VLAN \u00ebsht\u00eb shkurtimi p\u00ebr \"rrjetin virtual lokal\". M\u00eb von\u00eb gjat\u00eb m\u00ebsimit ton\u00eb do t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb pse ky rrjet quhet virtual, por p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb VLAN, duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se si funksionon nj\u00eb switch. Do ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim disa nga pyetjet q\u00eb kemi diskutuar n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e kaluara. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nS\u00eb pari, le t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Multiple Collision Domain, ose domeni i kolizionit. Ne e dim\u00eb se ky switch me 48 porta ka 48 domen\u00eb kolizioni. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se secili nga k\u00ebto porte ose pajisjet e lidhura me k\u00ebto porte mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr port n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur, duke mos iu b\u00ebr\u00eb ndikim nj\u00ebri tjetrit.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb 48 portat e k\u00ebtij switch-i jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb domeni t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, ose Broadcast Domain. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse disa pajisje jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me disa porte dhe nj\u00ebra prej tyre b\u00ebn nj\u00eb transmetim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, ai do t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet q\u00eb lidhen me pajisjet e tjera. K\u00ebshtu punon nj\u00eb switch.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb si t\u00eb ishim njer\u00ebz q\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb vetme af\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit, dhe kur nj\u00ebri prej tyre thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e paefektshme \u2013 sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb vijn\u00eb n\u00eb dhom\u00eb, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb do t\u00eb rritet zhurma dhe t\u00eb pranishmit do t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb s\u00eb d\u00ebgjuari nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me kompjuter\u00ebt \u2013 sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb lidhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb rritet \"zhurma\" e transmetimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, q\u00eb pengon krijimin e nj\u00eb komunikimi efektiv. <\/p>\n

E dim\u00eb se n\u00ebse nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto pajisje \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur n\u00eb rrjetin 192.168.1.0\/24, t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij rrjeti. Switch-i gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i lidhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin adres\u00eb IP. Por k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb problem me switch-in si nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb nivelit 2 t\u00eb OSI. N\u00ebse dy pajisje jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, ato mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht me kompjuter\u00ebt e nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. Supozoni se n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb ton\u00eb punon nj\u00eb \"djal\u00eb i keq\", nj\u00eb hacker q\u00eb do ta ilustroj m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. Posht\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb kompjuteri im. Pra, ky hacker ka shum\u00eb leht\u00ebsi t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb kompjuterin tim, pasi kompjuter\u00ebt tan\u00eb jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb rrjeti. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse un\u00eb i takoj menaxhimit administrativ dhe ky djal\u00eb i ri arrin t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb dokumentet n\u00eb kompjuterin tim, do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb keq. Sigurisht, n\u00eb kompjuterin tim ka nj\u00eb firewall q\u00eb mbron nga shum\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime, por p\u00ebr hacker-in nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta kaloj\u00eb at\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Rreziku i dyt\u00eb q\u00eb ekziston p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij domeni t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00ebse dikush ka probleme me transmetimin e gjer\u00eb, kjo nd\u00ebrhyrje do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjet e tjera t\u00eb rrjetit. Edhe pse t\u00eb gjitha 48 portat mund t\u00eb lidheshin me hoste t\u00eb ndryshme, nj\u00eb defekt n\u00eb funksionimin e nj\u00eb hosti do t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb 47 t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk na nevojitet.
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb problem p\u00ebrdorim konceptin e VLAN, ose rrjetin virtual lokal. Ajo funksionon me shum\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, duke ndar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nj\u00eb switch t\u00eb madh me 48 porta n\u00eb disa switch-e m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nE dim\u00eb se subnetet ndajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb madh n\u00eb disa rrjete t\u00eb vogla, dhe VLAN funksionon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme. Ajo ndan switch-in me 48 porta, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb 4 switch-e me nga 12 porta secili, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb ri t\u00eb lidhur. K\u00ebshtu, ne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim 12 porta p\u00ebr menaxhim, 12 porta p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e telefonis\u00eb IP dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb, pra t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb switch-in jo fizikisht, por logjikisht, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb virtuale. <\/p>\n

Kam kam kam, kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam VLAN10, kam kam kam kam VLAN20. Kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam kam kam VLAN. Kam kam VLAN kam kam kam kam. <\/p>\n

Kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam kam kam kam. <\/p>\n

Kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam. <\/p>\n

Kam kam kam kam kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam kam, kam kam, kam kam VLAN1. Kam kam kam, kam kam kam VLAN10, kam kam VLAN20, kam kam VLAN1, kam kam kam kam. Kam kam kam kam kam kam VLAN, kam kam kam kam. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKam kam kam kam kam kam VLAN. Kam kam kam kam .1Q kam ISL, kam kam kam kam VLAN. Kam kam kam, kam kam VLAN10 kam VLAN20, kam kam kam kam VLAN. Kam kam kam kam, kam kam kam VLAN, kam kam kam kam VLAN. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, kompjuteri nuk di asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto rrjete VLAN. Kur lidhim 2 switch-e, nj\u00eb trunk formohet mes porteve t\u00eb gjelbra. Termi \"trunk\" \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet e kompanis\u00eb Cisco, nd\u00ebrsa prodhuesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve rrugore, si Juniper, p\u00ebrdorin termin Tag port, ose \"port t\u00eb etiketuar.\" Un\u00eb mendoj se emri Tag port \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm. Kur nga kjo rrjet\u00eb del trafiku, trunk-i e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet e switch-it tjet\u00ebr, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ne lidhem dy switch-e me 48 porte dhe marrim nj\u00eb switch me 96 porte. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, kur d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb trafik nga VLAN10, ai b\u00ebhet i etiketuar, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb e pajisur me nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr portet e rrjetit VLAN10. Switch-i i dyt\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trafik, lexon etiket\u00ebn dhe kupton se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb trafik p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10 dhe duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb portet e blu. Po ashtu, trafiku \"portokalli\" p\u00ebr VLAN20 \u00ebsht\u00eb i pajisur me nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr portet VLAN20 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ne gjithashtu e p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm inkapsulimin, dhe k\u00ebtu ka dy metoda inkapsulimi. E para \u00ebsht\u00eb .1Q, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb kur organizojm\u00eb nj\u00eb trunk, ne duhet t\u00eb sigurojm\u00eb inkapsulimin. Protokolli i inkapsulimit .1Q \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard i hapur q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan procedur\u00ebn e etiketimit t\u00eb trafikut. Ka edhe nj\u00eb protokoll tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb quajtur ISL, Inter-Switch link, e zhvilluar nga kompania Cisco, e cila tregon p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb e trafikut n\u00eb nj\u00eb VLAN t\u00eb caktuar. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-et moderne punojn\u00eb me protokollin .1Q, prandaj, kur merrni nj\u00eb switch t\u00eb ri nga kutia, nuk keni nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni ndonj\u00eb komand\u00eb inkapsulimi, sepse me parazgjedhje ajo kryhet nga protokolli .1Q. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, pas krijimit t\u00eb trunk-ut, inkapsulimi i trafikut ndodh automatikisht, \u00e7ka lejon leximin e etiketimeve. <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me konfigurimin e rrjetit VLAN. Do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet ku do t\u00eb kemi 2 switch-e dhe dy pajisje p\u00ebrfundimtare \u2013 kompjuter\u00ebt PC1 dhe PC2, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do i lidhnim me kabllo me switch-in #0. T\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me konfigurimet e baz\u00ebs s\u00eb switch-it Basic Configuration.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, klikojm\u00eb mbi switch-in dhe hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e komand\u00ebs, pastaj caktojm\u00eb emrin e hostit, duke e quajtur k\u00ebt\u00eb switch sw1. Tani kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimet e kompjuterit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe caktom\u00eb nj\u00eb IP statike 192.168.1.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebndrejtes 255.255.255.0. Adresa e der\u00ebs p\u00ebr default nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, sepse t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet tona jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrjet\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, ne do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb p\u00ebr kompjuterin e dyt\u00eb duke i caktuar atij nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb 192.168.1.2. <\/p>\n

Tani kthehemi te kompjuteri i par\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ping-uar kompjuterin e dyt\u00eb. Si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, ping-u ka qen\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm sepse k\u00ebta dy kompjuter\u00eb jan\u00eb lidhur me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin switch dhe jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs rrjet\u00eb, VLAN1, me parazgjedhje. N\u00ebse tani shohim n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet e switch-it, do t\u00eb shohim q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet FastEthernet nga 1 deri n\u00eb 24 dhe dy portet GigabitEthernet jan\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguruara n\u00eb VLAN #1. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb e tepruar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, prandaj ne hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb parametrat e switch-it dhe shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn show vlan, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb rrjeteve virtuale. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebtu shihni emrin e rrjetit VLAN1 dhe se t\u00eb gjitha portet e switch-it i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebsaj rrjete. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se mund t\u00eb lidhemi me cdo port dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata do t\u00eb mund \"komunikojn\u00eb\" me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, sepse jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs rrjet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ne do ta ndryshojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, prandaj s\u00eb pari do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb dy rrjete virtuale, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb do t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb VLAN10. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb rrjet virtual, p\u00ebrdoret komanda e tipit \"vlan numri i rrjetit\".
\nSi\u00e7 mund ta shihni, kur p\u00ebrpiqeni t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb rrjet, sistemi jep nj\u00eb mesazh me nj\u00eb list\u00eb komandash p\u00ebr konfigurimin e VLAN, t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb veprim: <\/p>\n

exit \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar ndryshimet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga konfigurimet;
\nname \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur emrin e p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb VLAN;
\nno \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb anuluar komand\u00ebn ose p\u00ebr ta vendosur at\u00eb n\u00eb parazgjedhje. <\/p>\n

Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se para se t\u00eb jepni komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar VLAN, duhet t\u00eb jepni komand\u00ebn name, e cila aktivizon regjimin e menaxhimit t\u00eb emrave, dhe pastaj t\u00eb kaloni n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb ri. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, sistemi jep nj\u00eb sugjerim se numri i rrjetit VLAN mund t\u00eb caktohet n\u00eb gam\u00ebn nga 1 deri n\u00eb 1005.
\nPra, tani ne jemi duke futur komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb rrjet VLAN me numrin 20 \u2013 vlan 20, dhe pastaj i caktojm\u00eb emrin e p\u00ebrdoruesit, i cili tregon se \u00e7far\u00eb lloji rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn name Employees, ose rrjeti p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit e kompanis\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani na nevojitet t\u00eb caktojm\u00eb nj\u00eb port specifik p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb VLAN. Ne hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e konfigurimit t\u00eb switch-it int f0\/1, pastaj e kalojm\u00eb dorazi portin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn Access me komand\u00ebn switchport mode access dhe specifikojm\u00eb se cili port duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u2013 ky \u00ebsht\u00eb porti p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nV\u00ebrejm\u00eb se pas k\u00ebsaj ngjyra e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes PC0 dhe switch-it, ngjyra e portit, ka kaluar nga e gjelbra n\u00eb portokalli. Ai do t\u00eb kthehet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelbra sa her\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshimet e konfigurimit t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi. T\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb kompjuterin e dyt\u00eb. Ne nuk kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb konfigurimet e rrjetit p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt, ata ende kan\u00eb adresat IP 192.168.1.1 dhe 192.168.1.2. Por, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb kompjuterin PC1 nga kompjuteri PC0, do t\u00eb hasim probleme, sepse tani k\u00ebta kompjuter\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme: e para n\u00eb VLAN10, e dyta n\u00eb VLAN1 t\u00eb natyrshme. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kthehemi te interface i switch-it dhe t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb portin e dyt\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb fus komand\u00ebn int f0\/2 dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebris hapat p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN 20 si\u00e7 b\u00ebra kur konfigurim virtualin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm.
\nNe shohim se tani porta e poshtme e switch-it, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me kompjuterin e dyt\u00eb, gjithashtu ka ndryshuar ngjyr\u00ebn nga e gjelbra n\u00eb portokalli \u2013 do t\u00eb duhet pak koh\u00eb para se ndryshimet t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi dhe ai t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri i gjelb\u00ebr. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrs\u00ebri fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb kompjuterin e dyt\u00eb, do t\u00eb hasim s\u00ebrish probleme, sepse kompjuter\u00ebt gjithashtu i p\u00ebrkasin rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme, me PC1 tani si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb VLAN20, jo VLAN1.
\nK\u00ebshtu, ju keni ndar\u00eb nj\u00eb switch fizik n\u00eb dy switches logjik\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Shihni se tani ngjyra e portit ka kaluar nga portokalli n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, porta ka filluar t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, por akoma nuk mund t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb, sepse i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb rrjeti tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb disa ndryshime n\u00eb skem\u00ebn ton\u00eb \u2013 t\u00eb shk disconnect kompjuterin PC1 nga switch-i i par\u00eb dhe ta lidhen me switch-in e dyt\u00eb, dhe lidhni switch-et me nj\u00eb kabull.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb lidhje midis tyre, do t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb konfigurimin e switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb krijoj VLAN10, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij emrin Management, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb rrjeti i menaxhimit. Pastaj do t\u00eb aktivizoj mode Access dhe do t\u00eb shpjegoj se ky mod \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr VLAN10. Tani ngjyra e porteve, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur switch-et, ka kaluar nga portokalli n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, sepse t\u00eb dy jan\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguruar p\u00ebr VLAN10. Tani duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb trunk midis t\u00eb dy switch-eve. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebto porte jan\u00eb Fa0\/2, prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb krijoj nj\u00eb trunk p\u00ebr portin Fa0\/2 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb par\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn switchport mode trunk. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr switch-in e dyt\u00eb, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs midis k\u00ebtyre dy porteve do t\u00eb formohet nj\u00eb trunk.<\/p>\n

Tani, n\u00ebse dua t\u00eb pingoj kompjuterin PC1 nga kompjuteri i par\u00eb, do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, sepse lidhja midis PC0 dhe switch-it #0 \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjeti VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa midis switch-it #1 dhe PC1 gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb VLAN10, dhe t\u00eb dy switch-et jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me trunk. <\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00ebse pajisjet jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb ndryshme VLAN, ato nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, por n\u00ebse jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrjet, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb diktojm\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e lir\u00eb t\u00eb trafikut midis tyre. Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb re n\u00eb \u00e7do switch. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb konfigurimet e rrjetit t\u00eb kompjuterit t\u00eb shtuar PC2, do t\u00eb caktoj adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.2.1, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb konfigurimet e PC3 do t\u00eb caktoj adres\u00ebn 192.168.2.2. K\u00ebto porte, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me k\u00ebta dy PC, do t\u00eb em\u00ebrohen Fa0\/3. N\u00eb konfigurimet e switch-it #0 do t\u00eb vendosim modin Access dhe do t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb se ky port \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr VLAN20, dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb p\u00ebr switch-in #1.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan 20 dhe rrjeti VLAN20 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar ende, sistemi do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim si \u201cAccess VLAN does not exist\u201d, sepse switch-et jan\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurara t\u00eb punojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me VLAN10.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN20. Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn \u201cshow vlan\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb rrjeteve virtuale. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni se rrjeti parazgjedhur \u00ebsht\u00eb VLAN1, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur portet nga Fa0\/4 deri n\u00eb Fa0\/24 dhe Gig0\/1, Gig0\/2. Rrjeti virtual me numrin 10 dhe emrin Management \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin Fa0\/1, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti VLAN me numrin 20 dhe emrin parazgjedhur VLAN0020 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin Fa0\/3. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb parim, emri i rrjetit nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ai t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet p\u00ebr rrjete t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00ebse dua t\u00eb nd\u00ebrruar emrin e rrjetit q\u00eb sistemi i cakton parazgjedhje, p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn vlan 20 dhe name Employees. Mund ta ndryshoj k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb IPphones, dhe n\u00ebse pingojm\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.2.2, do t\u00eb shohim se emri VLAN nuk ka asnj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi.
\nE fundit q\u00eb dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend \u00ebsht\u00eb caktimi i Management IP, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin fol\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e kaluar. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn int vlan1 dhe futim adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e subnetit 255.255.255.0, pastaj shtojm\u00eb komand\u00ebn no shutdown. Ne kemi caktuar Management IP-n\u00eb jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-in, por vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr portet VLAN1, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb kemi caktuar nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, nga e cila menaxhohet rrjeti VLAN1. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb menaxhojm\u00eb VLAN2, duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse p\u00ebr VLAN2. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kemi porte blu p\u00ebr VLAN10 dhe porte portokalli p\u00ebr VLAN20, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u p\u00ebrkasin adresat 192.168.1.0 dhe 192.168.2.0.
\nVLAN10 duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb adresa t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin diapazon, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb pajisjet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidhen me t\u00eb. Nj\u00eb konfigurim i ngjash\u00ebm duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe p\u00ebr VLAN20. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dritare t\u00eb komand\u00ebs s\u00eb switch-it, jan\u00eb treguar cil\u00ebsimet e nd\u00ebrfaqes p\u00ebr VLAN1, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb VLAN natyror. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar IP-n\u00eb e menaxhimit p\u00ebr VLAN10, duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen int vlan 10, dhe m\u00eb pas t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb IP-n\u00eb 192.168.1.10 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjet\u00ebs 255.255.255.0. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar VLAN20, duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen int vlan 20, dhe m\u00eb pas t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb IP-n\u00eb 192.168.2.10 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjet\u00ebs 255.255.255.0. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme? N\u00ebse kompjuteri PC0 dhe porta e sip\u00ebrme e majt\u00eb e switch-it #0 i p\u00ebrkasin rrjetit 192.168.1.0, PC2 i p\u00ebrket rrjetit 192.168.2.0 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me port\u00ebn VLAN natyror 1, e cila i p\u00ebrket rrjetit 10.1.1.1, at\u00ebher\u00eb PC0 nuk mund t\u00eb lidhet me k\u00ebt\u00eb switch p\u00ebrmes protokollit SSH, sepse ata i p\u00ebrkasin rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme. Prandaj, q\u00eb PC0 t\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidhet me switch-in p\u00ebrmes protokollit SSH ose Telnet, ne duhet t'i japim atij qasje. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse na nevojitet menaxhimi i rrjetit. <\/p>\n

Ne duhet t\u00eb kemi mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb lidhim PC0 p\u00ebrmes SSH ose Telnet me IP-n\u00eb e nd\u00ebrfaqes VLAN20 dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb \u00e7do ndryshim q\u00eb na nevojitet p\u00ebrmes SSH. K\u00ebshtu, IP-ja e menaxhimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr konfigurimin e VLAN, sepse \u00e7do rrjet virtual duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb menaxhimin e vet t\u00eb aksesit. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb videon e sotme diskutuam shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje: cil\u00ebsimet themelore t\u00eb switch-it, krijimin e rrjeteve VLAN, ankorimin e porteve VLAN, caktimin e IP-s\u00eb s\u00eb menaxhimit p\u00ebr rrjetet VLAN dhe konfigurimin e trunk-eve. Mos u shqet\u00ebsoni n\u00ebse nuk kuptoni gjith\u00e7ka, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb normale, sepse VLAN \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse dhe e gjer\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e ardhshme. Jam i sigurt se me ndihm\u00ebn time do t\u00eb b\u00ebheni 'mestari' i VLAN, por q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebsaj m\u00ebsimmje ishte t'ju sqaroj tre pyetje: \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb rrjetet VLAN, pse na nevojiten ato dhe si t\u00eb konfigurohen ato. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043c \u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c VLAN, \u044f \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e Networking consultant, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443 Facebook \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0430\u0439\u043a. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443 King \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 11. Bazat e VLAN | ProHoster","description":"Para se t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me bazat e VLAN, do t\u2019u k\u00ebrkoja t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve t\u00eb ndalonit k\u00ebt\u00eb video, t\u00eb klikoni n\u00eb ikon\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebndin e posht\u00ebm t\u00eb majt\u00eb, ku shkruan Konsultant Rrjetesh, t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb faqen ton\u00eb t\u00eb Facebook-ut dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndani nj\u00eb like atje. 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