{"id":35910,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:31","slug":"kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Si t\u00eb nxjerrim maksimumin nga arsimi n\u00eb Shkencat Kompjuterike","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Shum\u00eb prej programuesve modern\u00eb kan\u00eb kryer arsimin e lart\u00eb. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, kjo do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, por tani \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit e mir\u00eb n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb IT p\u00ebrs\u00ebri vijn\u00eb nga universitetet. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim, Stanislav Protasov, drejtori i Acronis p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me universitetet, ndan vizionin e tij mbi ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e p\u00ebrgatitjes universitare p\u00ebr programuesit e ardhsh\u00ebm. M\u00ebsuesit, student\u00ebt dhe ata q\u00eb i pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb disa k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb dobishme m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nGjat\u00eb 10 viteve t\u00eb fundit, kam m\u00ebsuar matematik\u00eb, algoritme, gjuh\u00eb programimi dhe m\u00ebsim t\u00eb makinerive n\u00eb universitete t\u00eb ndryshme. Sot, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rolit tim n\u00eb Acronis, un\u00eb gjithashtu jam z\u00ebvend\u00ebsshef i departamentit t\u00eb Informatik\u00ebs Teorike dhe Aplikative n\u00eb MPTI. Nga p\u00ebrvoja ime n\u00eb universitete t\u00eb mira ruse (dhe jo vet\u00ebm), kam marr\u00eb disa v\u00ebzhgime mbi p\u00ebrgatitjen e student\u00ebve n\u00eb disiplinat kompjuterike. <\/p>\n

Rregulli i 30 sekondave nuk funksionon m\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nJam i sigurt q\u00eb ju keni qen\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb rregullit t\u00eb 30 sekondave, i cili thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb programues duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e nj\u00eb funksioni pas nj\u00eb shikimi t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb kodin e tij. Ky rregull \u00ebsht\u00eb shpikur shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb shfaqur shum\u00eb sisteme operative, gjuh\u00eb, harduer dhe algoritme. Un\u00eb shkruaj kod p\u00ebr 12 vjet, por relativisht koh\u00ebt e fundit kam par\u00eb kode t\u00eb nj\u00eb produkti, t\u00eb cilat, edhe n\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, m\u00eb jan\u00eb dukur magjike. Sot, n\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e subjektit, rregulli i 30 sekondave nuk funksionon m\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, do t'ju duhen jo vet\u00ebm 30, por edhe 300 sekonda p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shkruani driver, do t'ju duhet t\u00eb hyni thell\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, t\u00eb lexoni mij\u00ebra rreshta kode specifike. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje n\u00eb studimin e subjektit, specialisti zhvillon nj\u00eb \"ndjenj\u00eb flow\". Si n\u00eb rap, kur ndjenja e rim\u00ebs s\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe ritmit t\u00eb duhur vjen pa racionalizim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Po ashtu, nj\u00eb programues i mir\u00ebpritur mund t\u00eb njoh\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht kodin joefikas ose t\u00eb keq, pa u thelluar n\u00eb studimin e detajuar t\u00eb atij stili ose qasjeje jo optimale (nd\u00ebrsa shpjegimi i k\u00ebtij ndjesi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Specializimi dhe rritja e kompleksitetit \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb edukimi bachelor tashm\u00eb nuk ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e studimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha drejtimeve mjaft thell\u00eb. Por pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel arsimor duhet t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb horizont i gjer\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb master ose n\u00eb pun\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kaloni disa koh\u00eb duke u thelluar n\u00eb problemin dhe specifikat e fush\u00ebs, t\u00eb studioni gjuh\u00ebt e programimit dhe kodin e koleg\u00ebve, t\u00eb lexoni artikuj dhe libra. M\u00eb duket se vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes universitetit, mund t\u00eb \"mbushni bar\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen T-shaped specialists. T-shaped specialists<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Cila gjuh\u00eb programimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e mira p\u00ebr t'u m\u00ebsuar n\u00eb universitet?<\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb time, m\u00ebsuesit e universiteteve tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb larguar nga k\u00ebrkimi i p\u00ebrgjigjes s\u00eb sakt\u00eb ndaj pyetjes: \u201cN\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb programohet?\u201d. Debatet mbi se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb \u2014 C# apo Java, Delphi apo C++ \u2014 praktikisht kan\u00eb pushuar. Shfaqja e shum\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb programimit dhe grumbullimi i p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs pedagogjike kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb kuptimin n\u00eb mjedisin akademik se p\u00ebr \u00e7do gjuh\u00eb ka nj\u00eb ni\u015f\u00eb t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

Problemi i m\u00ebsimit me p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb gjuhe programimi ka pushuar s\u00eb qeni prioritar. Nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se n\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb zhvillohet kursi. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehshm\u00ebria e mjaftueshme e gjuh\u00ebs. Libri \"The Art of Multiprocessor Programming<\/a><\/noindex>\" \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ilustrim i mir\u00eb i k\u00ebtij v\u00ebzhgimi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb botim tashm\u00eb klasik, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shembujt jan\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb Java \u2014 nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb pa tregues, por me Garbage Collector. Me siguri askush nuk do t\u00eb diskutoj\u00eb se Java \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb larg nj\u00eb zgjedhjeje optimale p\u00ebr shkruarjen e kodit paralel me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr shpjegimin e koncepteve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb lib\u00ebr, gjuha u tregua e p\u00ebrshtatshme. Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb \" kursi klasik i m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive<\/a><\/noindex> i Andrew Ng, i m\u00ebsuar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Matlab n\u00eb mjedisin Octave. Sot mund t\u00eb zgjidhet nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr programimi, por cila \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb esenc\u00eb, ndryshimi, n\u00ebse idet\u00eb dhe qasjet jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme?<\/p>\n

M\u00eb praktik dhe m\u00eb af\u00ebr realitetit<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb bashku me k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet e fundit ka pasur shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr praktikant\u00eb n\u00eb universitetet. N\u00ebse dikur programet universitare ruse kritikoheshin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shk\u00ebputjes s\u00eb tyre nga realiteti, sot nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet m\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr arsimimin n\u00eb IT. 10 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb universitetet kishte pothuajse asnj\u00eb pedagog me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb reale n\u00eb industri. Tani, gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb katedrat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, ligj\u00ebratat mbahen nga specialist\u00eb IT praktikant\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt japin vet\u00ebm 1-2 kurse n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb nga puna e tyre kryesore. Ky qasje zgjidhet nga pik\u00ebpamja e p\u00ebrgatitjes cil\u00ebsore t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve, rikthimit t\u00eb kurseve dhe, natyrisht, k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve potencial\u00eb p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb. Nuk mendoj se po zbuloj nj\u00eb sekret duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se ne mb\u00ebshtesim katedr\u00ebn baz\u00eb n\u00eb MFTI dhe nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me universitete t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur student\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb karrier\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb Acronis.<\/p>\n

Matematikan apo programues?<\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\nHollivaret, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb par\u00eb zhvilloheshin rreth gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb programimit, kaluan n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel filozofik. Tani, \u201cprogramuesit\u201d dhe \u201cmatematikan\u00ebt\u201d debatojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, k\u00ebto shkolla mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb dy programe arsimore, por industria ende nuk ndan k\u00ebto nuanca mir\u00eb, dhe nga universiteti n\u00eb universitet kemi nj\u00eb arsimim t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me pak ndryshime. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb si studenti, ashtu edhe kompanis\u00eb ku ai do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb m\u00eb pas, do t'u duhet t\u00eb plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb puzzlin e njohurive me cop\u00ebzat e munges\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Shfaqja e praktikant\u00ebve n\u00eb universitetet, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shkruajn\u00eb kod industrial n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, i jep student\u00ebve nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore n\u00eb zhvillim. Duke qen\u00eb t\u00eb njohur mir\u00eb me implementimet e biblioteka standarde, frameworkeve dhe teknikave t\u00eb programimit, programuesit praktikant\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb n\u00eb student\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar kod t\u00eb mir\u00eb, p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shpejt dhe cil\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, kjo aft\u00ebsi e dobishme her\u00eb pas here \u00e7on n\u00eb shfaqjen e entuziast\u00ebve q\u00eb shpikin bi\u00e7ikleta. Student\u00ebt programues mendojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu: \u201c\u00e7far\u00eb m\u00eb kushton t\u00eb shkruaj edhe 200 rreshta kod t\u00eb mir\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb problemin e caktuar?\u201d <\/p>\n

M\u00ebsuesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb arsim klasik matematikor (p.sh. fakulteti i matematik\u00ebs ose matematika e aplikuar), m\u00eb shpesh punojn\u00eb n\u00eb mjedise shkencore, ose n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e modelimit dhe analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. \u201cMatematicien\u00ebt\u201d e shohin ndryshe problemet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Shkenc\u00ebs Kompjuterike. Ata, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, operojn\u00eb jo me kod, por me algoritme, teorema, modele formale. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e qasjes matematikore \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i qart\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb mund dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb zgjidhet. Dhe si duhet t\u00eb zgjidhen ato.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, m\u00ebsuesit matematik\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr programimin me nj\u00eb theks n\u00eb teori. Student\u00ebt q\u00eb vijn\u00eb \u201cnga matematikant\u00eb\u201d, m\u00eb shpesh propozojn\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb konceptuara mir\u00eb dhe teorikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara, por, si rregull, jo optimale nga pik\u00ebpamja e gjuh\u00ebs dhe, shpesh, thjesht t\u00eb shkruara pa kujdes. Nj\u00eb student i till\u00eb mendon se q\u00ebllimi i tij kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb demonstroj\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto lloje problemesh n\u00eb parim. Nd\u00ebrsa realizimi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i mang\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Djemt\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb ose n\u00eb vitet e para jan\u00eb formuar nga programuesit, sjellin me vete \u201cnj\u00eb bi\u00e7iklet\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb bukur\u201d, e cila, megjithat\u00eb, zakonisht nuk funksionon shum\u00eb efektivisht asimptotikisht. Ata, p\u00ebrkundrazi, nuk e vendosin si q\u00ebllim t\u00eb thellohen n\u00eb teori dhe t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb libra p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur zgjidhje optimale, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi kodit t\u00eb bukur.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb universitete t\u00eb ndryshme gjat\u00eb intervistave me student\u00ebt, zakonisht shoh se cila \u201cshkoll\u00eb\u201d q\u00ebndron n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb arsimimit t\u00eb tij. Dhe gati asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kam hasur n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur n\u00eb arsimimin baz\u00eb. N\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri, n\u00eb qytetin tim mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitesha p\u00ebr matematik\u00ebn olimpike, por nuk kishte grupe p\u00ebr programimin. Tani, megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb grupe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb programojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt \u201cn\u00eb mod\u00eb\u201d Go dhe Python. Prandaj, tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e pranimit n\u00eb universitete ka divergjenca n\u00eb qasje. Un\u00eb besoj se n\u00eb universitet \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet t\u00eb dyja aft\u00ebsit\u00eb, nd otherwise do t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb kompani nj\u00eb specialist me nj\u00eb baz\u00eb teorike t\u00eb pamjaftueshme, ose nj\u00eb person q\u00eb nuk ka m\u00ebsuar dhe nuk d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb kod t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb \u201cforcojm\u00eb\u201d shkall\u00ebn p\u00ebr profesionist\u00ebt e ardhsh\u00ebm T-shaped?<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte studenti thjesht zgjedh at\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00eblqen m\u00eb shum\u00eb. M\u00ebsuesi, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, thjesht transmeton pik\u00ebpamjen q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr. Por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb, n\u00ebse dhe kodi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i shkruar bukur, dhe nga aspekti i algoritmeve gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb, e arsyeshme dhe efektive. <\/p>\n