{"id":35910,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:31","slug":"kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-computer-science-obrazovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Si t\u00eb nxjerrim maksimumin nga nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb n\u00eb Informatik\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Shumica e programuesve modern\u00eb kan\u00eb arsimin e tyre n\u00eb universitete. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, kjo do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, por p\u00ebr momentin gj\u00ebrat jan\u00eb t\u00eb tilla q\u00eb individ\u00ebt e mir\u00eb n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb IT vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb vin\u00eb nga universitetet. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim, Stanislav Protasov, drejtori i Acronis p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me universitetet, tregon vizionin e tij mbi ve\u00e7at e arsimit universitar p\u00ebr programuesit e ardhsh\u00ebm. M\u00ebsuesit, student\u00ebt dhe ata q\u00eb i pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb ata, mund t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb n\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim disa k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb dobishme.<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nGjat\u00eb 10 viteve t\u00eb fundit, kam m\u00ebsuar matematik\u00eb, algoritme, gjuh\u00eb programimi dhe m\u00ebsim t\u00eb makinerive n\u00eb universitete t\u00eb ndryshme. Sot, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pozites time n\u00eb Acronis, jam gjithashtu z\u00ebvend\u00ebs\/ drejtues i departamentit t\u00eb informatik\u00ebs teorike dhe aplikative n\u00eb MFTI. Nga eksperienca ime n\u00eb universitete t\u00eb mira ruse (dhe jo vet\u00ebm), kam p\u00ebrfituar disa v\u00ebzhgime mbi p\u00ebrgatitjen e student\u00ebve n\u00eb disiplinat kompjuterike. <\/p>\n

Rregulli i 30 sekondave nuk funksionon m\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nJam i sigurt q\u00eb jeni p\u00ebrballur me rregullin e 30 sekondave, i cili thot\u00eb se programuesi duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e funksionit pas nj\u00eb shikimi t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb kodin e tij. Ky rregull u krijua shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb shfaqur shum\u00eb sisteme operative, gjuh\u00eb, harduer dhe algoritme t\u00eb reja. Un\u00eb shkruaj kod p\u00ebr 12 vjet, por relativisht s\u00eb fundmi kam par\u00eb kodin burimor t\u00eb nj\u00eb produkti, i cili m\u00eb dukej si formule magjike q\u00eb n\u00eb pamjen e par\u00eb. Sot, n\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb thelluar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e tem\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb rregulli i 30 sekondave fillon t\u00eb mos funksionoj\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nuk do t'ju mjaftojn\u00eb as 30, as 300 sekonda p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shkruani drejtp\u00ebrdrejt, do t'ju duhet t\u00eb zhyteni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, t\u00eb lexoni mij\u00ebra rreshta t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Me nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar tem\u00ebn, specialisti fiton nj\u00eb \"ndjenj\u00eb rrjedhjeje\". Ashtu si n\u00eb rap, kur ndjenja e rim\u00ebs dhe ritmi i sakt\u00eb ndihen pa nj\u00eb racionalizim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Po ashtu, nj\u00eb programues i mir\u00ebp\u00ebrgatitur mund ta identifikoj\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht kodin e pamjaftuesh\u00ebm ose thjesht t\u00eb keq, pa e studiuar n\u00eb detaje se ku ndodhi shkelja e stilit ose u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb qasje jo optimale (p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar k\u00ebt\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Specializimi dhe rritja e kompleksitetit \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb njohja e bachelor-it nuk ofron m\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar t\u00eb gjitha drejtkoh\u00ebsisht me mjaft thell\u00ebsi. Por pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel arsimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb fitosh nj\u00eb horizont t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, n\u00eb master ose n\u00eb pun\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb harxhohej nj\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u zhytur n\u00eb problematik\u00ebn dhe specifikat e fush\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar gjuh\u00ebt e programimit dhe kodin e koleg\u00ebve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar artikuj dhe libra. M\u00eb duket se vet\u00ebm k\u00ebshtu, me ndihm\u00ebn e universitetit, mund t\u00eb \"ngjitet nj\u00eb shirit\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen. Specialist\u00ebt T-shaped<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Cila \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuha m\u00eb e mir\u00eb e programimit p\u00ebr t'u m\u00ebsuar n\u00eb universitet?<\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\nMe g\u00ebzim, m\u00ebsuesit universitar\u00eb tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr nga k\u00ebrkimi i p\u00ebrgjigjes s\u00eb sakt\u00eb n\u00eb pyetjen: \u201cMe \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb programosh?\u201d. Polemikat, cila \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e mira \u2014 C# apo Java, Delphi apo C++ \u2014 n\u00eb fakt jan\u00eb shuar. Shfaqja e shum\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb programimit dhe akumulimi i p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs pedagogjike \u00e7uan n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb mjedisin akademik u formua nj\u00eb kuptim: \u00e7do gjuha ka ni\u00e7en e saj.<\/p>\n

Problemi i m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnies me p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb gjuhe t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb programimit nuk ka m\u00eb prioritet. Nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se n\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb zhvillohet kursi. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehshm\u00ebria e mjaftueshme e gjuh\u00ebs. Libri \u201cThe Art of Multiprocessor Programming<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ilustrim i mir\u00eb i k\u00ebtij v\u00ebzhgimi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb botim t\u00eb klasifikuar, t\u00eb gjitha shembujt jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb Java \u2014 nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb pa tregues, por me Garbage Collector. Nuk ka asnj\u00eb dyshim q\u00eb askush nuk do t\u00eb diskutoj\u00eb se Java \u00ebsht\u00eb larg zgjedhjes optimale p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar kod paralel me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr shpjegimin e koncepteve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb lib\u00ebr, gjuha u p\u00ebrshtat. Nj\u00eb kurs klasik i m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makin\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex> i Andrew Ng, i m\u00ebsuar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Matlab n\u00eb ambientin Octave. Sot do t\u00eb ishte e mundur t\u00eb zgjidhje nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr programimi, por \u00e7far\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie ka, n\u00ebse idet\u00eb dhe qasjet jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi?<\/p>\n

M\u00eb praktik dhe m\u00eb af\u00ebr realitetit<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet e fundit, ka pasur nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb praktikan\u00ebve n\u00eb universitetet. N\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb programet universitare ruse kritikoheshin p\u00ebr shkak se ishin t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura nga realiteti, sot p\u00ebr IT-arsimin nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet m\u00eb. 10 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb universitetet nuk kishte praktikues me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb reale pune n\u00eb industri. Tani gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb departamentet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse ligj\u00ebratat mbahen nga specialist\u00eb t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb q\u00eb praktikojn\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrfitoni mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb 1-2 kurse n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb nga puna e tyre kryesore. Ky qasje justifikohet nga pik\u00ebpamja e p\u00ebrgatitjes cil\u00ebsore t\u00eb stafit, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kurseve dhe, sigurisht, gjetjes s\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve potencial\u00eb p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb. Nuk mendoj se do t\u00eb zbuloj ndonj\u00eb sekret duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se ne mb\u00ebshtesim departamentin baz\u00eb n\u00eb MFTI dhe nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me universitete t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb student\u00ebve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb karrier\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb Acronis.<\/p>\n

Matematikani apo programuesi?<\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\nHolivaret q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb zhvilloheshin rreth gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb programimit, jan\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb debat filozofik. Tani po diskutojn\u00eb mes tyre \u201cprogramuesit\u201d dhe \u201cmatematikat\u201d. N\u00eb parim, k\u00ebto shkolla mund t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb dy programe arsimore, por industria ende nuk ndan mir\u00eb k\u00ebto nuanca dhe nga universiteti n\u00eb universitet kemi nj\u00eb arsimim t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me pak ndryshime. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, si studentit, ashtu edhe kompanis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej, do t\u2019i duhet t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb me pjes\u00ebt e humbura t\u00eb njohurive.<\/p>\n

Shfaqja e praktikuesve n\u00eb universitete q\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb kod industrial n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme u jep student\u00ebve nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi zhvillimi m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore. Duke qen\u00eb t\u00eb njohura mir\u00eb me implementimet e bibliotekave standarde, frameworkeve dhe teknikat e programimit, programuesit praktik\u00eb i edukojn\u00eb student\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar kod t\u00eb mir\u00eb, ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shpejt dhe me cil\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, kjo aft\u00ebsi e dobishme ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb shfaqjen e pasionant\u00ebve q\u00eb shpiknin bi\u00e7iklet\u00ebn. Student\u00ebt programues mendojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu: \u201c\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb m\u00eb kushtonte q\u00eb t\u00eb shkruaja edhe 200 rreshta t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb mir\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb zgjidhej drejtp\u00ebrdrejt problemin e paraqitur?\u201d. <\/p>\n

M\u00ebsuesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb arsim klasik n\u00eb matematik\u00eb (p.sh., fakulteti i matematik\u00ebs ose matematika e aplikuar) shpesh punojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis shkencor ose n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e modelimit dhe analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. \"Matematikan\u00ebt\" e shohin ndryshe problemet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Informatik\u00ebs. Ata kryesisht operojn\u00eb jo me kod, por me algorithe, teorema dhe modele formale. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i qasjes matematikore \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i qart\u00eb e principit se \u00e7far\u00eb mund dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb zgjidhet. Dhe si mund t\u00eb zgjidhet.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, pedagog\u00ebt matematik\u00eb tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr programimin duke iu dh\u00ebn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi teoris\u00eb. Student\u00ebt, q\u00eb vijn\u00eb \"nga matematikan\u00ebt\", shpesh ofrojn\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb mir\u00eb menduara dhe teorikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera, por, si rregull, jan\u00eb jo optimale nga pik\u00ebpamja e gjuh\u00ebs dhe, shpesh, thjesht t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrgjegjshme. Ky student mendon se q\u00ebllimi i tij kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb demonstroj\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb parim. Nd\u00ebrsa realizimi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb deficitar.<\/p>\n

Djemt\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb ose n\u00eb vitet e para jan\u00eb formuar nga programuesit, sjellin me vete nj\u00eb \"biciklet\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb bukur\", e cila, megjithat\u00eb, zakonisht nuk funksionon shum\u00eb efektivisht asimptotikisht. Ata, p\u00ebrkundrazi, nuk e vendosin para vetes detyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb teorizuar thell\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb libra p\u00ebr zgjidhje optimale, duke preferuar kodin e bukur.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb universitete t\u00eb ndryshme, gjat\u00eb intervistave me student\u00ebt zakonisht shoh cila \"shkoll\u00eb\" q\u00ebndron n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb arsimimit t\u00eb tij. Dhe un\u00eb kam hasur shum\u00eb pak me nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur n\u00eb arsimin baz\u00eb. N\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri n\u00eb qytetin tim mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitesha p\u00ebr matematik\u00ebn olimpike, por nuk kishte grupe p\u00ebr programim. Tani, megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebto grupe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb programojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt \"t\u00eb mod\u00ebs\" Go dhe Python. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, edhe n\u00eb nivelin e pranimit n\u00eb universitete ka dallime n\u00eb qasje. Un\u00eb besoj se n\u00eb universitet \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet t\u00eb dyja aft\u00ebsit\u00eb, p\u00ebrndryshe n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb do t\u00eb vij\u00eb t\u00eb punoj\u00eb ose nj\u00eb specialist me nj\u00eb baz\u00eb teorike t\u00eb pamjaftueshme, ose nj\u00eb person q\u00eb nuk ka m\u00ebsuar dhe nuk d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb kod t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \"t\u00eb forcojm\u00eb travers\u00ebn\" p\u00ebr specialist\u00ebt e ardhsh\u00ebm T-shaped?<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n

\n\"Si
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, studenti thjesht zgjedh at\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00eblqen m\u00eb shum\u00eb. M\u00ebsuesi, nga ana e tij, vet\u00ebm transmeton pik\u00ebpamjen q\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatet m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb n\u00ebse kodi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkruar bukur, dhe nga pik\u00ebpamja e algoritmeve gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb, e arsyeshme dhe e efektshme. <\/p>\n