{"id":35939,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:41","slug":"kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-1","title":{"rendered":"Si e kaluam Murin e Madh t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs (Pjesa 1)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb linj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Nikita \u2014 inxhinier sistemesh nga kompania <strong>S\u0415Mrush<\/strong>. Sot do t'ju flas p\u00ebr at\u00eb se si na u paraqit detyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar stabilitetin e funksionimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit ton\u00eb semrush.com n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, dhe me \u00e7far\u00eb problemesh u p\u00ebrball\u00ebm gjat\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb saj (duke pasur parasysh vendndodhjen e qendr\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb bregun lindor t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb histori e madhe, e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb disa artikuj. Do t'ju tregoj se si gjith\u00e7ka ndodhi te ne: nga nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb nuk funksiononte n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, deri te treguesit e funksionimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit n\u00eb nivelin e versionit t\u00eb tij amerikan p\u00ebr amerikan\u00ebt. Premtoj, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb interesante dhe e dobishme. Pra, le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"problemy-kitayskogo-interneta\">Problemet e internetit kinez<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Edhe personi m\u00eb i larg\u00ebt nga specifika e administrat\u00ebs rrjet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb her\u00eb ka d\u00ebgjuar rreth <strong>Murit t\u00eb Madh kinez t\u00eb Zjarrit<\/strong>. Uuu, ting\u00ebllon fantastike, apo jo? Por \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo, si funksionon n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje mjaft e komplikuar. N\u00eb internet mund t\u00eb gjeni shum\u00eb artikuj t\u00eb dedikuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, por nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje teknike, struktura e k\u00ebtij muri zjarri nuk p\u00ebrshkruhet askund. \u00c7far\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e habitshme. Pranoj se n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb nj\u00eb viti pune nuk do t\u00eb jem n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb them me siguri se si funksionon ai, por do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr v\u00ebrejtjet dhe p\u00ebrfundimet e mia praktike. Dhe do t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me thashethemet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mur zjarri.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ka shum\u00eb thashetheme rreth k\u00ebtij muri zjarri. Le t\u00eb mbledhim m\u00eb kryesoret dhe m\u00eb interesante nga ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Google, Facebook, Twitter dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb t\u00eb bllokuara dhe nuk funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7do trafik q\u00eb shkon JASHT\u00cb Kin\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb Kin\u00eb analizohen dhe kufizohen me ndihm\u00ebn e m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive (n\u00eb rast t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb), gj\u00eb q\u00eb e ngadal\u00ebson shum\u00eb (trafikun) q\u00eb kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr kufi.<\/li>\n<li>Sh\u00ebrbimet speciale kineze do t\u00eb thyejn\u00eb \u00e7do trafik t\u00eb enkriptuar q\u00eb kalon p\u00ebrmes murit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb zjarrit.<\/li>\n<li>VPN-tunellet, tunellet IPSEC jan\u00eb t\u00eb pasigurta, bien dhe bllokohen vazhdimisht.<\/li>\n<li>Sa m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb enkriptimi, aq m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fraza kalimtare e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr autentifikimin\/enkriptimin e trafikut, aq m\u00eb shpejt kalon p\u00ebrmes murit t\u00eb zjarrit kinez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb rreth k\u00ebtyre thashethemeve:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Google, Facebook, Twitter dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb bllokuara (ky \u00ebsht\u00eb KOT), por shum\u00eb dominio teknik\u00eb t\u00eb Google, p\u00ebr shembull, nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb bllokuar dhe funksionojn\u00eb (po i nj\u00ebjti gstatic.com). Nga k\u00ebtu vijm\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se nuk duhet t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojm\u00eb pa mend \u00e7do burim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb bllokuar t\u00eb Google dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7do trafik q\u00eb kalon kufirin v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i shton nj\u00eb vones\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Shikoni dy rezultatet. Nj\u00eb faqe interneti, nj\u00eb faqe, nj\u00eb GET i thjesht\u00eb <em>curl<\/em>\u2019om. Matja e par\u00eb nga vet\u00eb Kina (nj\u00eb qytet i mrekulluesh\u00ebm, Shenzhen). Matja e dyt\u00eb jasht\u00eb nga Hong-Kongu (ka sovranitet, dhe midis tij dhe bot\u00ebs nuk ka firewall). Distanca nd\u00ebrmjet qyteteve n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 30-40 km.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nikita@china-shenzhen:~# curl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time \"https:\/\/www.semrush.com\/info\/ebay.com\"\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100  381k    0  381k    0     0  71824      0 --:--:--  0:00:05 --:--:-- 82832\ntime_namelookup:  0.004500\ntime_connect:  0.169342\ntime_appconnect:  0.723189\ntime_pretransfer:  0.723499\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  1.532912\n----------\ntime_total:  5.443407\n----------\nsize_download:  390968 Bytes\nspeed_download:  71824.000B\/s\n\nnikita@china-hongkong:~# curl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time \"https:\/\/www.semrush.com\/info\/ebay.com\"\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100  319k    0  319k    0     0  2555k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2573k\ntime_namelookup:  0.029366\ntime_connect:  0.030742\ntime_appconnect:  0.047310\ntime_pretransfer:  0.047388\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  0.120793\n----------\ntime_total:  0.124871\n----------\nsize_download:  326755 Bytes\nspeed_download:  2616740.000B\/s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kujdesi p\u00ebr <strong>time_connect<\/strong>. Dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, ju shihni rezultatin: firewall-i shton 4 sekonda t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VPN-t\u00eb dhe tunellet IPSEC v\u00ebrtet shpesh bien. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb flas m\u00eb von\u00eb dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje. Server\u00ebt VPN q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren nga p\u00ebrdoruesit bllokohen me kalimin e koh\u00ebs (zakonisht brenda nj\u00eb dite pas fillimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit). <\/li>\n<li>Ka nj\u00eb mendim, marr\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, se sa m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb kriptimi i trafikut, aq m\u00eb shpejt kalon ai kufirin, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb kuptosh se nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb paligjshme brenda tij. Nj\u00eblloj, trafiku \"i past\u00ebr\" merr m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi dhe shpejt\u00ebsi kalimi, nd\u00ebrsa trafiku \"i ndotur\", n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme, merr nj\u00eb kalim m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm. Si shembull do t\u00eb jap curl deri <em>ifconfig.co<\/em> n\u00eb protokollet HTTPS dhe HTTP. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">curl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time \"https:\/\/ifconfig.co\/\"\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100    13  100    13    0     0      2      0  0:00:06  0:00:05  0:00:01     3\ntime_namelookup:  0.004305\ntime_connect:  0.397465\ntime_appconnect:  5.149305\ntime_pretransfer:  5.149393\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  5.568847\n----------\ntime_total:  5.568893\n----------\nsize_download:  13 Bytes\nspeed_download:  2.000B\/s\n\ncurl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time \"http:\/\/ifconfig.co\/\"\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100    13  100    13    0     0     28      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--    28\ntime_namelookup:  0.004282\ntime_connect:  0.212457\ntime_appconnect:  0.000000\ntime_pretransfer:  0.212484\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  0.450565\n----------\ntime_total:  0.450620\n----------\nsize_download:  13 Bytes\nspeed_download:  28.000B\/s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb ndryshim prej 5 sekondash n\u00eb koh\u00ebn totale t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr 13 byte. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb test t\u00eb till\u00eb disa her\u00eb, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebreni se GET mbi HTTP p\u00ebrfundon n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb \u00e7do her\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr HTTPS faqja p\u00ebrgjigjet ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr 3, 5, 10 dhe madje 17 sekonda. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodhin gabime SSL:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>Gabim i panjohur n\u00eb protokollin SSL n\u00eb lidhjen me ifconfig.co:443.<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb kemi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Problemet e shkaktuara nga firewall-i kinez, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr.<\/li>\n<li>Ping-et deri te burimet e jashtme dhe brenda tunel\u00ebve ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb bien.<\/li>\n<li>Latenca midis dy pikave ndryshon vazhdimisht, dhe shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e paparashikueshme. Duke lidhur qytete\/regjione t\u00eb ndryshme, pritet q\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb vendndodhjes gjeografike t\u00eb rajoneve, vonesa t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, por merrni t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. <\/li>\n<li>Internet dhe kanalet e komunikimit funksionojn\u00eb nganj\u00ebher\u00eb shpejt, nganj\u00ebher\u00eb ngadal\u00eb. Ka nj\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl nga koha e dit\u00ebs dhe dita e jav\u00ebs, por jo gjithmon\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00ebrkesat DNS p\u00ebr n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme nga Kina ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn maksimale t\u00eb lejuar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pamja paraqitet thjesht \u201ce shk\u00eblqyer\u201d. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Data qendra, si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb lindjen e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, dhe e gjith\u00eb SEMrush p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dhjetra produkte t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurura, backend-e, frontend-e, baza t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, dhe gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb DC dhe n\u00eb re. Para nesh, si ekip administratash sistemi, u vendos nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb q\u00eb me p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb punojm\u00eb shpejt n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeshim n\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: a mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur t\u00eb gjitha problemet e lidhura me internetin kinez dhe firewall-in, n\u00eb nivelin e rrjetit\/re p\u00ebr serverat?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Filluam me marrjen e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_ICP\"><strong>ICP<\/strong>-licenc\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"icp-licenziya\">Licenc\u00eb ICP<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb vendosni sh\u00ebrbimin tuaj brenda Kin\u00ebs (Mainland China) dhe t\u00eb kryeni teste, s\u00eb pari duhet t\u00eb merrni licenc\u00ebn ICP p\u00ebr domajnin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse trafiku i p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb faqes suaj ndalon brenda Mainland China, dhe n\u00ebse domeni juaj nuk ka nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb ICP, trafiku juaj do t\u00eb bllokohet nga ofruesi\/hostingu. \u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se n\u00eb licenc\u00ebn ICP p\u00ebrfshihet ofruesi specifik, qoft\u00eb Cloudflare apo Alibaba Cloud. Prandaj, n\u00ebse keni marr\u00eb nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb ICP p\u00ebr Cloudflare dhe keni hostuar faqen tuaj atje, n\u00eb vazhdim nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kaloni \"pa prishje\" n\u00eb Alibaba Cloud. Do t\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb host t\u00eb ri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb licenc\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pas marrjes s\u00eb licenc\u00ebs ICP p\u00ebr domenin, arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb shpikim dhe zbatojm\u00eb ide dhe zgjidhje teknike specifike.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"testirovanie-resheniy\">Testimi i zgjidhjeve<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Por para se t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb opsione staging, t\u00eb rregullojm\u00eb parametrat, t\u00eb optimizojm\u00eb funksionimin dhe shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e faqes, duhet t\u00eb zgjidhim nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr testimin e saj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se cilat nga veprimet tona p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb ose, p\u00ebrkundrazi, p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb funksionimin e faqes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mjeti yn\u00eb p\u00ebr testim duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb dy k\u00ebrkesa kryesore:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer teste nga Kina,<\/li>\n<li>duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb teste me shfletues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu gjet\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catchpoint.com\/\">Catchpoint<\/a><\/noindex>! Ata kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer t\u00eb pikave t\u00eb testimit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. N\u00eb Kin\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij mjeti, mund t\u00eb kryhen teste edhe nga 100500 provinca. N\u00eb secil\u00ebn disa ofrues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm + mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer <strong>testet Backbone (di\u00e7ka si nj\u00eb virtualizim n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave) dhe<\/strong>testet Lastmile (sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr kushteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, aka stacionet e pun\u00ebs). Lloji i fundit i testeve ka nj\u00eb kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. <strong>Pas n\u00ebnshkrimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate nj\u00ebvje\u00e7are (m\u00eb pak nuk lejohet), filluam studimin e mjetit. T\u00eb pranoj, ishim me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb befasuar nga funksionaliteti i tij. Mund t\u00eb kryhen:<\/strong>teste DNS,<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>teste Web (me shfletues, GET\/POST t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, emulim t\u00eb klientit mobil, etj.),<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kontrollime transaksionesh (p\u00ebr shembull, login),<\/li>\n<li>teste API,<\/li>\n<li>Ping, traceroute, NTP, etj.<\/li>\n<li>S\u2019ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden gjith\u00e7ka. Dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, \u00e7do test mund t\u00eb personalizohet mjaft mir\u00eb, duke shtuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb header-a dhe parametrash t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Rezultati p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe informacioni, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan plot\u00ebsisht testin tuaj. Kur flasim p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb na intereson m\u00eb shum\u00eb (testet e shfletuesit), rezultati p\u00ebrfshin:<\/li>\n<li>Connect, Wait, Load, SSL, koh\u00ebn e DNS,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>TTFB, TTLB, Dokumenti i plot\u00eb, Koha e Render-it, Ngarkimi i DOM-it,<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u00ebrgjigja (di\u00e7ka e ngjashme me Time To First Byte), P\u00ebrgjigja e Fa\u00e7es Web (di\u00e7ka e ngjashme me Time To Last Byte),<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7do percentile, Mesatarja, Koha Median\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Etj.<\/li>\n<li>Etc.<\/li>\n<li>Etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto metrika ndihmojn\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb ndryshimet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar n\u00ebse situata ka p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar. Ne, kryesisht, shikuam <strong>Response, Webpage Response, Median, 75 dhe 95 Percentiles<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb pyetje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, e cila ka q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb aj\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim: <strong>a mund t'i besojm\u00eb Catchpoint<\/strong>? \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 real user experience?<br \/>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i madh, sepse duke qen\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pamundur t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh informacion t\u00eb sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionon nj\u00eb faqe n\u00eb internet nga Kina. Duke b\u00ebr\u00eb socks-proxy p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb makine virtuale, rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb ngarkimi i faqes n\u00eb internet q\u00eb zgjat disa minuta, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e papranueshme p\u00ebr testet, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb opsioni i vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr testimin manual mbetet curl dhe GET t\u00eb thjeshta nga konsola me matjen e koh\u00ebs. Kjo ndihmon, sepse ky test pasqyron mir\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e zgjidhjes rrjet\u00ebrore, dhe n\u00ebse ka gjithashtu teste nga shfletuesit, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb von\u00eb ne vet\u00eb shkuam n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe u siguruam q\u00eb <strong>mund t'i besosh Catchpoint, ai pasqyron mjaft sakt\u00eb treguesit real t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cloudflare-china-network\">Cloudflare China Network<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Duke qen\u00eb se p\u00ebr domainin kryesor semrush.com ne me sukses p\u00ebrdorim Cloudflare, vendos\u00ebm t\u00eb provojm\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb funksionin e tyre t\u00eb quajtur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/network\/china\/\">China Network<\/a><\/noindex>. Kjo opsion aktivizohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faqet Enterprise me nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Gjithashtu, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faqet q\u00eb kan\u00eb licenc\u00ebn p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse ICP, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn si ofrues \u00ebsht\u00eb i sh\u00ebnuar Cloudflare. Pasi t\u00eb aktivizohet, faqja b\u00ebhet e aksesueshme p\u00ebr \u201cCDN kinez\u201d nga Cloudflare - trafiku nga regionet kineze ulet n\u00eb PoP (Points of Presence) m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt CF, dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrmes rrjeteve t\u00eb tij ose t\u00eb ofruesve \/ partner\u00ebve dor\u00ebzohet deri n\u00eb origin. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Skema e k\u00ebtij test standi paraqitet m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr ne \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb opsion i shk\u00eblqyer. Prandaj, domeni i dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00ebn CF, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e shton numrin e zgjidhjeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb, dhe gjithashtu praktikisht nuk e komplikon infrastruktur\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne kemi nisur testet nga shfletuesit, dhe ja \u00e7far\u00eb kemi marr\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Romb\u00ebt e kuq jan\u00eb d\u00ebshtimet e testeve. D\u00ebshtimet posht\u00eb - gabime DNS (rezolve timeout). D\u00ebshtimet lart - timeout.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Uptime: 86.6<br \/>\nMedian: 18s<br \/>\n75 Percentile: 29.3s<br \/>\n95 Percentile: 60s<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Medianca, pas heqjes s\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs <em>reCaptcha<\/em> (sh\u00ebrbimi i Google, i bllokuar n\u00eb Kin\u00eb), ra nga 28 n\u00eb 18 sekonda. Por p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb tregues katastrofik\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se nj\u00eb test i till\u00eb p\u00ebr semrush.com (nga SHBA) jepte m\u00eb pak se 10 sekonda p\u00ebr 95% t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve (nga SHBA) n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn faqe (statika + dinamika).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb \u00e7do test mund t\u00eb hysh e t\u00eb shikosh <em>Waterfall<\/em> dhe parametrat e tjer\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar. Kemi filluar t\u00eb hetojm\u00eb arsyet e gabimeve, dhe n\u00ebse p\u00ebr koh\u00ebt e pritjes gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak e qart\u00eb: interneti n\u00eb Kin\u00eb \"pash\u00eb flak\u00eb, pash\u00eb ndarje\", p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye shpejt\u00ebsia e lidhjes dhe ngarkimit t\u00eb burimeve nga jasht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e paq\u00ebndrueshme dhe e ndryshueshme, gabimet DNS na befasuan shum\u00eb. Ne zbuluam se <em>PoP<\/em> n\u00eb Cloudflare me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, adresa e faqes zgjidhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb IP anycast, por server\u00ebt DNS p\u00ebrdoren amerikan\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs k\u00ebrkesat DNS detyrohen t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr kufij, prandaj ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ato d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pasi sqaruam k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje me CF, rezultoi se <strong>ata nuk kan\u00eb server\u00eb DNS t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Kin\u00eb<\/strong>, dhe se kur do t\u00eb ken\u00eb - akoma nuk dihet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prandaj vendos\u00ebm t\u00eb testojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm DNS-n\u00eb e Cloudflare dhe e nd\u00ebrrova mekanizmin e funksionimit t\u00eb Cloudflare p\u00ebr faqen ton\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn \"<strong>Vet\u00ebm DNS<\/strong>\". Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mod espetai ku Cloudflare nuk e transferon trafikun p\u00ebrmes vetes, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, nuk ofron mbrojtje DDoS, CDN dhe karakteristika t\u00eb tjera, dhe funksionon si nj\u00eb server DNS i zakonsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ky stend \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme. N\u00eb skem\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh njohurit\u00eb e fituara p\u00ebr at\u00eb se server\u00ebt DNS t\u00eb Cloudflare jan\u00eb pas nj\u00eb firewall-i.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Catchpoint filluam teste t\u00eb thjeshta GET (jo n\u00ebp\u00ebr shfletues), t\u00eb cilat treguan shum\u00eb d\u00ebshtime. Shkaku i tyre ishin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gabime DNS.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Filluam t\u00eb debatojm\u00eb k\u00ebto gabime me an\u00eb t\u00eb <em>dig<\/em> dhe zbuluam se n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e par\u00eb adresa p\u00ebrcaktohet sakt\u00eb, por n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur \u00e7do her\u00eb merrim <em>SERVFAIL<\/em> dhe <em>not found<\/em>. Si ndodhi kjo?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">root@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# host semrushchina.cn\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nHost semrushchina.cn nuk u gjet: 2(SERVFAIL)\nroot@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# host semrushchina.cn\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nHost semrushchina.cn nuk u gjet: 2(SERVFAIL)\nroot@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# host semrushchina.cn\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nHost semrushchina.cn nuk u gjet: 2(SERVFAIL)\nroot@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# host semrushchina.cn\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nHost semrushchina.cn nuk u gjet: 2(SERVFAIL)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kur i drejtohemi DNS-server\u00ebve t\u00eb Cloudflare direkt, nuk ka t\u00eb tilla gabime:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">root@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# for i in `seq 1 2`; do host semrushchina.cn ray.ns.cloudflare.com.; done\nDuke p\u00ebrdorur serverin e domainit:\nEmri: ray.ns.cloudflare.com.\nAdresa: 173.245.59.138#53\nAledht\u00eb: \n\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nDuke p\u00ebrdorur serverin e domainit:\nEmri: ray.ns.cloudflare.com.\nAdresa: 173.245.59.138#53\nAledht\u00eb: \n\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192\nsemrushchina.cn ka adres\u00eb 220.170.186.192<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pra, problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb serverin \"lokal\" DNS ose tek serveri i ofruesit.<br \/>\nHulumtimi i m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm tregoi se <em>SERVFAIL<\/em> ne marrim n\u00eb zgjidhje <em>AAAA<\/em>-sh\u00ebnjat. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Doli se n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn ndaj Cloudflare <em>AAAA<\/em>-sh\u00ebnimi, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb domain, Cloudflare iu p\u00ebrgjigj <em>A<\/em>-me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim dhe mos-p\u00ebrputhje me RFC. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, rezolva lokal (<em>x.x.x.x<\/em>) nuk e kishte p\u00ebrzem\u00ebr dhe ai iu p\u00ebrgjigj <em>SERVFAIL<\/em>. N\u00eb logun m\u00eb posht\u00eb, kjo sjellje duket qartazi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">root@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# dig -t AAAA semrushchina.cn @x.x.x.x\n\n; &lt;&gt; DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu &lt;&gt; -t AAAA semrushchina.cn @x.x.x.x\n;; opsionet globale: +cmd\n;; Marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje:\n;; -&gt;&gt;HEADER&lt;&lt;- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 55467\n;; flamuj: qr rd ra; K\u00cbRKES\u00cb: 1, P\u00cbRGJIGJE: 0, AUTORITET: 0, SHTES\u00cb: 1\n\n;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:\n; EDNS: version: 0, flamuj:; udp: 4096\n;; SEKSIUNI I K\u00cbRKES\u00cbS:\n;semrushchina.cn.               IN      AAAA\n\n;; Koha e k\u00ebrkimit: 334 msec\n;; SERVER: x.x.x.x#53(x.x.x.x)\n;; KUR: Tue Aug 14 23:38:50 CST 2018\n;; MADHESIA MESAZHI rcvd: 44\n\nroot@iZwz97n2wgbp61qucbfrjsZ:~# dig -t AAAA semrushchina.cn @dana.ns.cloudflare.com.\n\n; &lt;&gt; DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu &lt;&gt; -t AAAA semrushchina.cn @dana.ns.cloudflare.com.\n;; opsionet globale: +cmd\n;; Marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje:\n;; -&gt;&gt;HEADER&lt;&lt;- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 63944\n;; flamuj: qr aa rd; K\u00cbRKES\u00cb: 1, P\u00cbRGJIGJE: 1, AUTORITET: 0, SHTES\u00cb: 1\n;; K\u00cbSHILLIM: k\u00ebrkimi i kthimit k\u00ebrkohet por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicon\n\n;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:\n; EDNS: version: 0, flamuj:; udp: 512\n;; SEKSIUNI I K\u00cbRKES\u00cbS:\n;semrushchina.cn.               IN      AAAA\n\n;; SEKSIUNI I P\u00cbRGJIGJEVE:\nsemrushchina.cn.        300     IN      A       220.170.186.192\n\n;; Koha e k\u00ebrkimit: 185 msec\n;; SERVER: 173.245.58.105#53(173.245.58.105)\n;; KUR: Tue Aug 14 23:43:03 CST 2018\n;; MADHESIA MESAZHI rcvd: 60\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne d\u00ebrguam nj\u00eb raport p\u00ebr gabime te Cloudflare, dhe ata e korigjuan at\u00eb pas nj\u00eb kohe. Doli interesante: n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment n\u00eb Kin\u00eb ende nuk ka mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IPv6, prandaj Cloudflare nuk mund t\u00eb jepte adres\u00ebn e tij IPv6 n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs <em>AAAA<\/em>-p\u00ebrgjigjeve. Si p\u00ebrfundim, gjith\u00e7ka u zgjidh n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn Cloudflare filloi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjej <em>NODATA<\/em> p\u00ebr k\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu, gabimet DNS n\u00eb testet Catchpoint u ul\u00ebn ndjesh\u00ebm, por jo plot\u00ebsisht. Koha e skadimit gjithashtu nuk u zhduk:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dhe filluam t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e ardhshme do t\u00eb tregoj se si testuam cloud-in kinez <strong>Alibaba Cloud<\/strong>, si me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb &#171;magjie&#187; t\u00eb vog\u00ebl Nginx ne arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb krijonim shpejt PoC (D\u00ebshmi e Konceptit) zgjidhjesh, si i krijuam zgjidhje Multi-Cloud, nj\u00ebra prej t\u00eb cilave n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim ndihmoi shum\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtimin e funksionimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit nga Kina.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Q\u00ebndroni lidhur!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"sleduyuschie-chasti\">Pjes\u00ebt e ardhshme<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/semrush\/blog\/458840\/\">Pjesa 2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/semrush\/blog\/458602\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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