{"id":35942,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:54","slug":"gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"GPS p\u00ebr skarabin e plehut: sistem multimodal orientoimi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\nKa jan\u00eb pyetje q\u00eb ne i kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb ose kemi p\u00ebrpjekur t'u japim p\u00ebrgjigje: pse \u00ebsht\u00eb qielli blu, sa yje ka n\u00eb qiell, kush \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb - peshkaqeni i bardh\u00eb apo orkja, etj. Dhe ka pyetje q\u00eb ne nuk i kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb, por p\u00ebrgjigja p\u00ebr to nuk b\u00ebhet m\u00eb pak e interesant. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto pyetje \u00ebsht\u00eb: \u00e7far\u00eb ka vendosur t\u00eb studioj\u00eb nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga universitetet e Lund-it (Suedi), Witwatersrand-it (Afrika e Jugut), Stokholm-it (Suedi) dhe W\u00fcrzburg-ut (Gjermani) s\u00eb bashku? Sigurisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, shum\u00eb e komplikuar dhe jasht\u00ebzakonisht e dobishme. Mir\u00eb, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb thuhet nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb, por ka shum\u00eb interes dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht - si orientohen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb skarabejt\u00eb e plehrit. N\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka triviale, por bota jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me gj\u00ebra q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb aq t\u00eb thjeshta sa duken dhe skarabejt\u00eb e plehrit jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb ka t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin e navigimit t\u00eb skarabeut t\u00eb plehrit, si e verifikuan shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me konkurrenc\u00ebn? Ne do t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr k\u00ebto dhe pyetje t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb raportin e grupit k\u00ebrkues. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Heroi kryesor<\/h3>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb njihemi me heroina kryesor t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj studimi. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i fort\u00eb, i pun\u00ebsuar, i vendosur, i bukur dhe kujdestar. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb skarabeu i plehrit nga superfamilja Scarabaeoidea.<\/p>\n

\nSkarabejt\u00eb e plehrit e mor\u00ebn emrin e tyre paksa t\u00eb pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb preferencave t\u00eb tyre gastronomike. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pak sa e pak\u00ebndshme, por p\u00ebr skarabeun e plehrit kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb burim i shk\u00eblqyer i nutrienteve, nga e cila shumica e llojeve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj familje nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr burime t\u00eb tjera ushqimi dhe as p\u00ebr uj\u00eb. P\u00ebrjashtimi i vet\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb lloji Deltochilum valgum, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb shijojn\u00eb milingonat.<\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrndarja e skarabejve t\u00eb plehrit mund t\u2019i shkaktoj\u00eb zili shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb krijesave t\u00eb tjera, pasi ata jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kontinentet p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Antarktid\u00ebs. Areali i tyre varion nga pyjet e fresk\u00ebta deri te shkret\u00ebtirat e nxehta. Sigurisht, nj\u00eb grumbull i madh i skarabejve t\u00eb plehrit m\u00ebsohet t\u00eb ndeshet n\u00eb vendet e banuara nga kafsh\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb \"fabrika\" p\u00ebr prodhimin e ushqimit t\u00eb tyre. Skarabejt\u00eb e plehrit preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb grumbullojn\u00eb ushqim p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb video e vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr skarabejt\u00eb e plehrit dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre (BBC, David Attenborough).<\/i><\/p>\n

Lloje t\u00eb ndryshme skarabe\u00ebsh kan\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb ndryshme adaptuese n\u00eb sjellje. Disa formojn\u00eb topa nga plehu, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i rrotullojn\u00eb larg vendit t\u00eb grumbullimit dhe i varrosin n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb t\u00fanel. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb g\u00ebrmojn\u00eb tunele n\u00ebn tok\u00eb, duke i mbushur ato me ushqim. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, q\u00eb e din\u00eb p\u00ebrrall\u00ebn p\u00ebr Muhamedin dhe malet, thjesht jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb grumbuj plehresh.<\/p>\n

Grumbujt e ushqimit jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr skarabeun, por jo aq p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb arsyeve t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs, sesa p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit e ardhsh\u00ebm. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se larvat e skarabejve t\u00eb plehrit jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb prind\u00ebrit e tyre kan\u00eb grumbulluar m\u00eb par\u00eb. Dhe sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pleh, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ushqim p\u00ebr larvat, aq m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Nata b\u00ebra nj\u00eb takim me k\u00ebt\u00eb formulim gjat\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb informacionit, dhe ting\u00ebllon disi jo shum\u00eb mir\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pjesa e fundit:<\/b>\u2026Meshkujt garojn\u00eb p\u00ebr femrat, duke ndier k\u00ebmb\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb muret e tunelit, duke e shtyr\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtarin me protuberancat e tyre si brir\u00eb... Disa meshkuj nuk kan\u00eb brir\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu nuk hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb, por kan\u00eb gjendra m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha seksuale dhe presin femr\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel fqinj...<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb do, t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb drejt studimit vet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 kam p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb her\u00ebt, disa lloje skarabejsh formojn\u00eb topa dhe i rrotullojn\u00eb ato n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, pa b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe kompleksitetin e itinerarit t\u00eb zgjedhur, n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb t\u00fanel p\u00ebr magazinim. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sjellja me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jemi m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti njohur p\u00ebrmes shum\u00eb dokumentar\u00ebve. Gjithashtu e dim\u00eb se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 forc\u00ebs (disa lloje mund t\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb pesh\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 her\u00eb pesha e tyre), preferencave gastronomike dhe kujdesit p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit, skarabejt\u00eb e plehrit jan\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb orientimin hap\u00ebsinor. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, ata jan\u00eb insektet e vetme q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb orientohen nat\u00ebn sipas yjeve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut (vendi ku u zhvilluan v\u00ebzhgimet), skarabeu i plehrit, pasi gjeti \"grupin e pre\u201d formon nj\u00eb top dhe fillon ta rrotullojn\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm, me kusht q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb larg konkurruesve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb hezitojn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin ushqimin e fituar. Prandaj, q\u00eb arratisa t\u00eb jet\u00eb efikase, duhet t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebsh n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim gjithmon\u00eb, pa u devijuar nga rruga. <\/p>\n

Dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb orientimi kryesor, si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb tashm\u00eb, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i besueshmi. Lart\u00ebsia e diellit ndryshon gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, \u00e7ka \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb orientimit. Pse mbjell\u00ebsit nuk fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb rrotullime, t\u00eb humbasin drejtimin dhe t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb hart\u00ebn \u00e7do 2 minuta? \u00cbsht\u00eb logjike t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se dielli nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi i vet\u00ebm i informacionit p\u00ebr orientim n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. K\u00ebtu shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb supozuar se orientimi i dyti p\u00ebr mbjell\u00ebsit \u00ebsht\u00eb era, m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht drejtimi i saj. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori unike, pasi q\u00eb antenat dhe madje edhe blet\u00ebt jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin er\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur rrug\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tyre, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb se si mbjell\u00ebsit p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion multimodal sensorik, kur preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb orientohen sipas diellit dhe kur sipas drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs, dhe n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb dyja opsionet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. U realizuan v\u00ebzhgime dhe matje n\u00eb mjedisin natyror t\u00eb subjekteve, si dhe n\u00eb kushte kontrolli t\u00eb simuluara n\u00eb laborator. <\/p>\n

Rezultatet e hulumtimit<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim, subjekti kryesor ishte lloji i mbjell\u00ebsit Scarabaeus lamarcki<\/i>, dhe v\u00ebzhgimet n\u00eb mjedisin natyror u kryen n\u00eb territorin e ferm\u00ebs \u00abStonehenge\u00bb, af\u00ebr Johannesburgut (Afrika e Jugut). <\/p>\n

Imazhi Nr. 1: ndryshimet e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs (Dhe<\/b>), ndryshimet e drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs (N\u00eb<\/b>).<\/i><\/p>\n

U kryen matje paraprake t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, shpejt\u00ebsia ishte m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt (<0,5 m\/s), por af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb agim ajo rritej, duke arritur maj\u00ebn (3 m\/s) n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn nga 11:00 deri n\u00eb 13:00 (lart\u00ebsia e diellit \u223c70\u00b0).<\/p>\n

Shifrat e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme sepse kalojn\u00eb pragun prej 0,15 m\/s, e nevojshme p\u00ebr orientimin menotaksik t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve. M\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, maja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs p\u00ebrkon me orarin e aktiviteteve t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve. Scarabaeus lamarcki<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Mbjell\u00ebsit rrokullisin prek\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb nga vendi i mbledhjes n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme. N\u00eb mesatare, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrug\u00ebn shpenzohet 6.1 \u00b1 3.8 minuta. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij intervali ata duhet t\u00eb ndjekin rrug\u00ebn sa m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr drejtimin e er\u00ebs, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e aktivitetit maksimal t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve (nga 06:30 deri n\u00eb 18:30) ndryshimi mesatar i drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb intervali kohor prej 6 minutash nuk kalon 27.0\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Duke bashkuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe drejtimin e er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se k\u00ebto kushte meteorologjike jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr orientimin multimodal t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve.<\/p>\n

Imazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Ka ardhur koha p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgime. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar ndikimin e mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb er\u00ebs n\u00eb karakteristikat e orientimit t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, u krijua nj\u00eb \"aren\u00eb\" rrethore, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ndodhej ushqim. Mbjell\u00ebsit kishin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb l\u00ebviznin topat e formuar nga ata n\u00eb \u00e7do drejtim nga qendra, n\u00eb prani t\u00eb nj\u00eb fluksi ajri stabil me shpejt\u00ebsi 3 m\/s. K\u00ebto teste u realizuan n\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb qarta, kur lart\u00ebsia e diellit ndryshonte gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs si m\u00eb posht\u00eb: \u226575\u00b0 (e lart\u00eb), 45\u201360\u00b0 (mesatare) dhe 15\u201330\u00b0 (e ul\u00ebt).<\/p>\n

Ndryshimet n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e ajrit dhe pozitat e diellit mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb 180\u00b0 midis dy qasjeve t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve (2A<\/b>). Duhet t\u00eb merren parasysh dhe faktin se mbjell\u00ebsit nuk vuajn\u00eb nga skleroz\u00eb, prandaj pas qasjes s\u00eb par\u00eb ata e mbajn\u00eb mend rrug\u00ebn e zgjedhur. Duke e ditur k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e marrin parasysh ndryshimin e k\u00ebndit t\u00eb daljes nga arena gjat\u00eb qasjeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve si nj\u00eb nga treguesit e suksesit t\u00eb orientimit. <\/p>\n

Kur lart\u00ebsia e diellit \u00ebsht\u00eb \u226575\u00b0 (e lart\u00eb), ndryshimet e azimut\u00ebs si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj ndryshimit t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs n\u00eb 180\u00b0 midis qasjes s\u00eb par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb ishin t\u00eb grumbulluara rreth 180\u00b0 (P <0,001, testi V) me nj\u00eb ndryshim mesatar prej 166.9 \u00b1 79.3\u00b0 (2B<\/b>). Nd\u00ebrsa ndryshimi n\u00eb pozitat e diellit (u p\u00ebrdor pasqyr\u00eb) n\u00eb 180\u00b0 shkaktoi nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb paqart\u00eb 13.7 \u00b1 89.1\u00b0 (rrethi i posht\u00ebm n\u00eb 2B<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se, n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi mesatare dhe t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb diellit, mbjell\u00ebsit q\u00ebndruan n\u00eb vijat e tyre, pavar\u00ebsisht ndryshimeve n\u00eb drejtimin e er\u00ebs \u2014 lart\u00ebsia mesatare: -15.9 \u00b1 40.2\u00b0; P < 0,001; lart\u00ebsi e ul\u00ebt: 7.1 \u00b1 37.6\u00b0, P <0,001 (2C<\/b> dhe 2D<\/b>). Por ndryshimet n\u00eb drejtimin e rrezatimit t\u00eb diellit n\u00eb 180\u00b0 kishin nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, pra nj\u00eb ndryshim radikal n\u00eb drejtimin e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsit \u2014 lart\u00ebsi mesatare: 153.9 \u00b1 83.3\u00b0; lart\u00ebsi e ul\u00ebt: \u2212162 \u00b1 69.4\u00b0; P <0,001 (rrethinat e poshtme n\u00eb 2A<\/b>, 2C<\/b> dhe 2D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsisht orientimi nuk ndikohet nga vet\u00eb era, por nga er\u00ebrat. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, grupit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb mbjell\u00ebsve iu hoq\u00ebn segmentet distale t\u00eb antenave, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr nuhatjen. Ndryshimet n\u00eb rrug\u00eb si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj ndryshimit t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs n\u00eb 180\u00b0, t\u00eb demonstruar nga k\u00ebta mbjell\u00ebs, ende u grumbulluan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme rreth 180\u00b0. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, nuk ka dallim n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e orientimit nd\u00ebrmjet mbjell\u00ebsve me dhe pa nuhatje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi i nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebm sugjeron se skarabajt\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin diellin dhe er\u00ebn p\u00ebr orientimin e tyre. N\u00eb kushte t\u00eb kontrolluara laboratorike u v\u00ebrtetua se kompasi i er\u00ebs mbizot\u00ebron mbi at\u00eb t\u00eb diellit n\u00eb rastin e pozita t\u00eb larta t\u00eb diellit, por situata fillon t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb kur dielli i afrohet horizontit. <\/p>\n

Ky v\u00ebzhgim tregon se ekziston nj\u00eb sistem dinamik multimodal kompas, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nd\u00ebrveprimi midis dy modaliteteve ndryshon n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me informacionin sensorik. K\u00ebshtu, skarabaj orientohen n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb t\u00eb dit\u00ebs, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb burimin m\u00eb t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb at\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar (dielli i ul\u00ebt \u2014 orientimi nga dielli; dielli i lart\u00eb \u2014 orientimi nga era).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb verifikonin n\u00ebse era ndihmon skarabajt\u00eb n\u00eb orientim apo jo. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, u p\u00ebrgatit nj\u00eb aren\u00eb me diamet\u00ebr 1 m me ushqim n\u00eb qend\u00ebr. N\u00eb total, skarabajt\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb 20 tentime n\u00eb pozita t\u00eb larta t\u00eb diellit: 10 me er\u00eb dhe 10 pa er\u00eb (2F<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 pritej, prania e er\u00ebs rriti sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e orientimit t\u00eb skarabajve. \u00cbsht\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb se n\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimet e hershme p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e kompasi t\u00eb diellit, ndryshimi i azimuthit midis dy tentimeve rritet dyfish n\u00eb pozita t\u00eb larta t\u00eb diellit (> 75\u00b0) krahasuar me pozita m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta (<60\u00b0).<\/p>\n

Pra, kuptuam se era luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb orientimin e skarabajve, duke kompensuar pasakt\u00ebsit\u00eb e kompasi t\u00eb diellit. Por si merr skarabaj informacion n\u00eb lidhje me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe drejtimin e er\u00ebs? Sigurisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente se kjo ndodh p\u00ebrmes antenave. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kryen teste n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb brendshme me nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb ajri konstante (3 m\/s) me dy grupe skarabajsh \u2014 me antena dhe pa to (3A<\/b>). <\/p>\n

Imazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Kriteri kryesor p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e orientimit ishte ndryshimi i azimuthit midis dy tentimeve kur drejtimi i rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb ajrit u ndryshua p\u00ebr 180\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Ndryshimi i drejtimit t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb skarabajve me antena ishte grumbulluar rreth 180\u00b0, ndryshe nga skarabajt\u00eb pa antena. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ndryshimi absolut i mes\u00ebm i azimuthit tek skarabajt\u00eb pa antena ishte 104,4 \u00b1 36,0\u00b0, q\u00eb ndryshon ndjesh\u00ebm nga ndryshimi absolut tek skarabajt\u00eb me antena \u2014 141,0 \u00b1 45,0\u00b0 (grafiku n\u00eb 3V<\/b>). Pra, skarabajt\u00eb pa antena nuk mund t\u00eb orientoheshin si\u00e7 duhet sipas er\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, ata ende orientoheshin mir\u00eb sipas diellit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazhin 3A<\/b> Ushtrimi tregohet si nj\u00eb test p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e skarabajve p\u00ebr t\u00eb kombinuar informacionin nga modalitete t\u00eb ndryshme sensorike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar rrug\u00ebn e tyre. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb test ishin prezente t\u00eb dy orientuesit (era + dielli) gjat\u00eb tentimit t\u00eb par\u00eb ose vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb orientues (dielli ose era) gjat\u00eb tentimit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu u krahasuan multimodaliteti dhe unimodaliteti.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebzhgimet treguan se ndryshimet n\u00eb drejtimin e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb skarabajve pas kalimit nga orientimi multifunksional n\u00eb at\u00eb nj\u00ebfunksional ishin p\u00ebrqendruar rreth 0\u00b0: vet\u00ebm era: \u22128,2 \u00b1 64,3\u00b0; vet\u00ebm dielli: 16,5 \u00b1 51,6\u00b0 (grafik\u00ebt n\u00eb qend\u00ebr dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb n\u00eb 3C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Kjo karakteristik\u00eb e orientimit nuk ishte e ndryshme nga ajo q\u00eb u mor n\u00eb prani t\u00eb dy orientuesve (dielli + era) (grafiku majtas n\u00eb 3C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Kjo tregon se n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb kontrolluara skarabaj mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb orientues, n\u00ebse orientuesi tjet\u00ebr nuk ofron informacion t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm, pra, kompenson pasakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb orientuesi me tjetrin. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse mendoni se shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e lan\u00eb k\u00ebtu, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, duhej t\u00eb verifikohej sa mir\u00eb skarabajt\u00eb ruajn\u00eb informacionin mbi nj\u00eb nga orientuesit dhe n\u00ebse e p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen si nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, u b\u00ebn\u00eb 4 tentime: n\u00eb t\u00eb parin kishte 1 orientues (dielli), n\u00eb t\u00eb dytin dhe t\u00eb tretin u shtua rrjedha e ajrit, nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb kat\u00ebrtit kishte vet\u00ebm rrjedh\u00ebn e ajrit. U krye gjithashtu nj\u00eb test, ku orientuesit ishin n\u00eb rend t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt: era, dielli + era, dielli + era, dielli.<\/p>\n

Teoria e p\u00ebrkohshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00ebse skarabajt\u00eb mund t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb informacionin mbi t\u00eb dy orientuesit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn zon\u00eb t\u00eb memories hap\u00ebsinore n\u00eb tru, ata duhet t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim n\u00eb tentimet e par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt, dmth. ndryshimet n\u00eb drejtimin e l\u00ebvizjes duhet t\u00eb grumbullohen rreth 0\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Imazhi \u21164<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e mbledhura mbi ndryshimin e azimuthit gjat\u00eb tentimeve t\u00eb para dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrta konfirmuan supozimin e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr (4A), i cili u p\u00ebrforcua gjithashtu p\u00ebrmes modelimit, rezultatet e t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb grafikun 4C (majtas).<\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb verifikim shtes\u00eb, u zhvilluan teste ku rrjedha e ajrit u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua me nj\u00eb njoll\u00eb ultravioleti (4B dhe 4C djathtas). Rezultatet ishin pothuajse identike me ato t\u00eb testeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn diellin dhe rrjedh\u00ebn e ajrit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar me nuancat e hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nGrumbulli i rezultateve t\u00eb eksperimenteve n\u00eb mjedisin natyror dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb kontrolluar tregoi se informacioni vizual dhe mekanosensorik te skarabejt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i integruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt nervor dhe ruhet si nj\u00eb imazh i nj\u00eb kompasi multimodal. Krahasimi i efikasitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb diellit ose er\u00ebs si orientim tregoi se skarabejt\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin m\u00eb shum\u00eb at\u00eb orientim q\u00eb u ofron m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion. Kjo e dyta aplikadohet si rezerv\u00eb ose plot\u00ebsuese.<\/p>\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb duket mjaft e zakonshme p\u00ebr ne, por nuk duhet harruar se truri yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se ai i nj\u00eb bretkoc\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 e kuptuam, edhe krijesat m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla kan\u00eb capabilitete t\u00eb komplikuara mendore, sepse n\u00eb kushtet e natyr\u00ebs, mbijetes\u00ebn e realizon ose forca ose intelijenca, shpesh her\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim i t\u00eb dyjave.<\/p>\n

Of-topi i premtes:<\/b>

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nEdhe p\u00ebr ushqimin garojn\u00eb skarabejt\u00eb. Dhe nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb ushqimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb top i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm.
\n(BBC Earth, David Attenborough)<\/i><\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kurioz\u00eb dhe ju uroj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, \u00e7una! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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