{"id":35942,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:54","slug":"gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/gps-dlya-navoznogo-zhuka-multimodalnaya-sistema-orientirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"GPS p\u00ebr skarabeun e plehrave: nj\u00eb sistem multimodal orientimi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\nKa pyetje q\u00eb i kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb ose kemi p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi: pse \u00ebsht\u00eb qielli blu, sa yje ka n\u00eb horizont, kush \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb - peshkaqeni i bardh\u00eb apo orkambari etj. Por ka edhe pyetje q\u00eb nuk i kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb, por p\u00ebrgjigja p\u00ebr to nuk b\u00ebhet m\u00eb pak interesante. Nj\u00eb pyetje e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb: \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga Universiteti i Lundit (Suedi), Universiteteve t\u00eb Witwatersrandit (Afrika e Jugut), Universitetit t\u00eb Stokholmit (Suedi) dhe Universitetit t\u00eb W\u00fcrzburgut (Gjermani) s\u00eb bashku? Me siguri, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, shum\u00eb komplekse dhe jasht\u00ebzakonisht e dobishme. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet me siguri, por patjet\u00ebr q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr interesante, sidomos - si orientohet skarabeu i plehrave n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. N\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb, duket krejt e thjesht\u00eb, por bota jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb plot me gj\u00ebra q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb aq t\u00eb thjeshta si\u00e7 duken dhe skarabejt e plehrave jan\u00eb nj\u00eb prov\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb. Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq unik n\u00eb sistemin e navigimit t\u00eb skarabeut t\u00eb plehrave, si e provojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me konkurrenc\u00ebn? Ne do t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr k\u00ebto dhe pyetje t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb raportin e grupit hulumtues. Le t\u00eb nisim.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Heroi kryesor<\/h3>\n

\nS\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb njihet me heroin kryesor t\u00eb k\u00ebtij studimi. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i fort\u00eb, pun\u00ebtor, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebs, i bukur dhe i kujdessh\u00ebm. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb skarabeu i plehrave nga superfamilja e skarabejve.<\/p>\n

\nSkarabejt e plehrave mor\u00ebn emrin e tyre jo shum\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb preferencave t\u00eb tyre gastronomike. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, kjo duket pak e ndyr\u00eb, por p\u00ebr skarabeun e plehrave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb burim i shk\u00eblqyer i l\u00ebnd\u00ebve ushqyese, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit shumica e specieve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj familjeje nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr burime t\u00eb tjera ushqimore dhe as p\u00ebr uj\u00eb. P\u00ebrjashtim \u00ebsht\u00eb specia Deltochilum valgum, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga shum\u00ebk\u00ebmb\u00ebshat.<\/p>\n

Numri i skarabejve t\u00eb plehrave mund t'u jap\u00eb zili shumic\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb qenieve t\u00eb gjalla, pasi ata jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontinent\u00ebt p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Antarktid\u00ebs. Zona e tyre e shp\u00ebrndarjes varion nga pyjet e fresk\u00ebta deri te shkret\u00ebtirat e nxehta. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nj\u00eb grumbull i madh skarabejsh t\u00eb plehrave \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u takuar n\u00eb vende ku jetojn\u00eb kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb \"fabrikat\" p\u00ebr prodhimin e ushqimit t\u00eb tyre. Skarabejt e plehrave preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb rezerva ushqimore p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nNj\u00eb video e vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr skarabejt e plehrave dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e stilit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs (BBC, David Attenborough).<\/i><\/p>\n

Lloje t\u00eb ndryshme hardhucash kan\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatjes n\u00eb sjellje. Disa formojn\u00eb topa nga plehu, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i rrokullisin larg vendit t\u00eb mbledhjes dhe i varrosin n\u00eb nj\u00eb vrim\u00eb. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb g\u00ebrmojn\u00eb tunele n\u00ebn tok\u00eb, duke i mbushur ato me ushqim. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tret\u00ebt, q\u00eb e din\u00eb fjalin\u00eb mbi Muhamedin dhe malin, thjesht jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb grumbuj plehu.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb ardhurat e ushqimit jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr hardhuc\u00ebn, por jo aq p\u00ebr arsye mbijetes\u00eb, sa p\u00ebr kujdesin p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit e ardhsh\u00ebm. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sepse larvat e hardhucave jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb prindi i tyre ka mbledhur m\u00eb par\u00eb. Dhe sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pleh, dmth ushqim p\u00ebr larvat, aq m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb ndodhi t\u00eb ndesh nj\u00eb formulim t\u00eb till\u00eb gjat\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb informacionit, dhe ting\u00ebllon disi jo fort mir\u00eb, sidomos pjesa e fundit:<\/b>\u2026M\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00ebt luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr femrat, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur me k\u00ebmb\u00eb n\u00eb muret e tunelit dhe duke shtyr\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtarin me rruazat e tyre\u2026 Disa t\u00eb fort\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb rruaza dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje, por kan\u00eb gjendra m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha seksuale dhe q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pritur femr\u00ebn n\u00eb tunelin fqinj\u2026<\/p>\n

Tani, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb nga lirika n\u00eb vet\u00eb studimin.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb par\u00eb, disa lloje hardhucash formojn\u00eb topa dhe i rrokullisin n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, pa u shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr cil\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe kompleksitetin e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjedhur, n\u00eb vrim\u00ebn p\u00ebr ruajtje. Sakt\u00ebsisht me k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre hardhucave jemi m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb njohur fal\u00eb filmave dokumentar\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb. gjithashtu e dim\u00eb se, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 forc\u00ebs (disa lloje mund t\u00eb ngritin pesh\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se vet\u00eb), preferencave gastronomike dhe kujdesit p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit, hardhucat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb afta t\u00eb orientohen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ato jan\u00eb insektet e vetme q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb orientohen nat\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes yjeve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut (vendi ku jan\u00eb kryer v\u00ebzhgimet), hardhuca, pasi gjen 'pre', formon nj\u00eb top dhe fillon ta rrokullis\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm, duke u p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb largohet sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga konkurent\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb hezitojn\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb ushqimin q\u00eb ai ka grumbulluar. Prandaj, p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb arratisja efektive, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb l\u00ebvizni n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn drejtim gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs, pa u devijuar nga rruga. <\/p>\n

Dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb orientimi kryesor, si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i besueshmi. Lart\u00ebsia e diellit ndryshon gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, nga e cila sakt\u00ebsia e orientimit zvog\u00eblohet. Pse insektet nuk fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth dhe t\u00eb humbasin drejtimin e tyre ose t\u00eb krahasonin me nj\u00eb hart\u00eb \u00e7do 2 minuta? Logjikisht supozoni se dielli nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi i vet\u00ebm i informacionit p\u00ebr orientimin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt sugjeruan se orientimi i dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr insektet \u00ebsht\u00eb era, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht drejtimi i saj. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori unike, pasi edhe merimangat dhe madje edhe g\u00ebshtenja jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin er\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur rrug\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb punimin e tyre, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb verifikonin se si insektet e mbushin p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion shum\u00ebmodal, kur ato preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb orientohen sipas diellit dhe kur sipas drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs, dhe a e p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb dy variantet nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. U zhvilluan v\u00ebzhgime dhe matje n\u00eb ambientin natyror t\u00eb subjekteve, si dhe n\u00eb kushte laboratorike t\u00eb kontrolluara t\u00eb modeluara. <\/p>\n

Rezultatet e studimit<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim, rolin e subjektit kryesor e luajti insekti i llojit Scarabaeus lamarcki<\/i>, dhe v\u00ebzhgimet n\u00eb ambientin natyror u kryen n\u00eb territorin e ferm\u00ebs \"Stonehenge\", af\u00ebr Johannesburgut (Afrika e Jugut). <\/p>\n

Imazhi Nr. 1: ndryshimi i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs (A<\/b>), ndryshimi i drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs (N\u00eb<\/b>).<\/i><\/p>\n

U zhvilluan matje paraprake t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs, shpejt\u00ebsia ishte m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt (<0,5 m\/s), por af\u00ebr agimit ajo rritej, duke arritur maj\u00ebn ditore (3 m\/s) n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn nga 11:00 deri n\u00eb 13:00 (lart\u00ebsia e diellit \u223c70\u00b0).<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr faktin se kalojn\u00eb pragun prej 0,15 m\/s, i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr orientimin menotaksik t\u00eb insekteve t\u00eb mbushit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, maja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb er\u00ebs p\u00ebrkon n\u00eb koh\u00eb me maj\u00ebn e aktiviteteve t\u00eb insekteve. Scarabaeus lamarcki<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Insektet rrokullisin gjahun e tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga vendi i mbledhjes n\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme. N\u00eb mesatare, gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrug\u00ebs nevojiten 6.1 \u00b1 3.8 minuta. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij intervali kohe ata duhet t\u00eb ndjekin rrug\u00ebn sa m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr drejtimin e er\u00ebs, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e aktivitetit maksimal t\u00eb insekteve (nga 06:30 deri n\u00eb 18:30), ndryshimi mesatar i drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb interval kohor prej 6 minutash nuk kalon 27.0\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Duke dukein informacionin mbi shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe drejtimin e er\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt besojn\u00eb se kushte t\u00eb tilla atmosferike jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr orientimin multimodal t\u00eb skarabeve.<\/p>\n

Imazhi \u21162<\/i><\/p>\n

Ka ardhur koha p\u00ebr v\u00ebzhgime. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ndikimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs mbi karakteristikat e orientimit t\u00eb skarabeve t\u00eb plehut n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, u krijua nj\u00eb \"aren\u00eb\" e zakonshme, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ndodhej ushqimi. Skarabet kishin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb rrotullonin topat e formuar prej tyre n\u00eb \u00e7do drejtim nga qendra n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjedhjeje ajri stabil me shpejt\u00ebsi 3 m\/s. K\u00ebto teste u zhvilluan n\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb qeta, kur lart\u00ebsia e diellit varihej gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs sipas m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme: \u226575\u00b0 (e lart\u00eb), 45\u201360\u00b0 (mesatare) dhe 15\u201330\u00b0 (e ul\u00ebt).<\/p>\n

Ndryshimet n\u00eb rrjedhjen e ajrit dhe pozita e diellit mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb me 180\u00b0 midis dy kalimeve t\u00eb skarabebit (2A<\/b>). Duhet t\u00eb merret parasysh edhe fakti se skarabet nuk vuajn\u00eb nga skleroz\u00eb, prandaj pas kalimit t\u00eb par\u00eb mbajn\u00eb mend rrug\u00ebn e zgjedhur prej tyre. Duke e ditur k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e marrin parasysh ndryshimin e k\u00ebndit t\u00eb daljes nga arena gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb m\u00ebpassh\u00ebm t\u00eb skarabebit si nj\u00ebrin nga treguesit e suksesit t\u00eb orientimit. <\/p>\n

Me lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb diellit \u226575\u00b0 (e lart\u00eb) ndryshimet e azimutas n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs me 180\u00b0 midis kalimeve t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb ishin grumbulluar rreth 180\u00b0 (P <0,001, testi V) me nj\u00eb ndryshim mesatar prej 166.9 \u00b1 79.3\u00b0 (2B<\/b>). Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, ndryshimi i pozita\u00eb s\u00eb diellit (u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb) me 180\u00b0 shkaktoi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl prej 13.7 \u00b1 89.1\u00b0 (rrethi i posht\u00ebm n\u00eb 2B<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se me lart\u00ebsi mesatare dhe t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb diellit skarabet mbaheshin pas rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ndryshimeve n\u00eb drejtimin e er\u00ebs \u2014 lart\u00ebsi mesatare: -15.9 \u00b1 40.2\u00b0; P <0.001; lart\u00ebsi e ul\u00ebt: 7.1 \u00b1 37.6\u00b0; P <0.001 (2C<\/b> dhe 2D<\/b>). Nd\u00ebrsa ndryshimi n\u00eb drejtimin e rrezeve t\u00eb diellit me 180\u00b0 kishte nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim radikal t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb skarabebit \u2014 lart\u00ebsi mesatare: 153.9 \u00b1 83.3\u00b0; lart\u00ebsi e ul\u00ebt: \u2212162 \u00b1 69.4\u00b0; P <0.001 (rretek e poshtme n\u00eb 2A<\/b>, 2C<\/b> dhe 2D<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb se orientimin e ndihmon m\u00eb shum\u00eb era sesa vet\u00eb era, por er\u00ebrat. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, grupit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb skarabeb\u00ebve t\u00eb prov\u00ebs iu hoq\u00ebn segmentet distale t\u00eb antenave, q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr nuhatjen. Ndryshimet n\u00eb rrug\u00ebt n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs me 180\u00b0, t\u00eb demonstruara nga k\u00ebta skarabe, ende ishin t\u00eb grumbulluara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme rreth 180\u00b0. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, nuk ka asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb nivelin e orientimit mes skarabeve me dhe pa nuhatje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi i intermediari \u00ebsht\u00eb se kallomer\u00ebt e plehut p\u00ebrdorin diellin dhe er\u00ebn p\u00ebr orientimin e tyre. N\u00eb kushtet e kontrolluara t\u00eb laboratorit, u v\u00ebrtetua se kompas dheu \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs se ai i diellit n\u00eb rastin e lart\u00ebsive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb diellit, por situata fillon t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb kur dielli i afrohet horizontit. <\/p>\n

Ky observation tregon se ekziston nj\u00eb sistem dinamik multimodalesh kompas, ku nd\u00ebrveprimi midis dy modaliteteve ndryshon n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me informacionin sensor. Pra, bori orientohen n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb t\u00eb dit\u00ebs, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb burimin m\u00eb t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb momentin e caktuar (dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb i ul\u00ebt \u2014 orientim dielli; dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb \u2014 orientim ere).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb tej, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb n\u00ebse era ndihmon n\u00eb orientimin e kallomer\u00ebve apo jo. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, u p\u00ebrgatit nj\u00eb aren\u00eb me diamet\u00ebr 1 m me ushqim n\u00eb qend\u00ebr. N\u00eb total, kallomer\u00ebt b\u00ebn\u00eb 20 p\u00ebrpjekje kur dielli ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb: 10 me er\u00eb dhe 10 pa er\u00eb (2F<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 pritej, prania e er\u00ebs rriti sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e orientimit t\u00eb kallomer\u00ebve. V\u00ebrehet se n\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimet e hershme p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e kompasit diellor, ndryshimi i azimutit midis dy p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme rritet dyfish kur dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb (> 75\u00b0) krahasuar me nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (<60\u00b0).<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, ne kuptuam se era luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb orientimin e kallomer\u00ebve t\u00eb plehut, duke kompenzuar pasakt\u00ebsit\u00eb e kompasit diellor. Por si e mbledh bori informacionin rreth shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe drejtimit t\u00eb er\u00ebs? Sigurisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dukshme se kjo ndodh p\u00ebrmes antenave. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kryen teste n\u00eb ambiente zat\u00eb me nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb ajri t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme (3 m\/s) me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e dy grupeve t\u00eb kallomer\u00ebve \u2014 me antena dhe pa to (3A<\/b>). <\/p>\n

Imazhi Nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Si kriteri kryesor p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e orientimit u shfaq ndryshimi i azimutit midis dy p\u00ebrpjekjeve me ndryshimin e drejtimit t\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb ajrit p\u00ebr 180\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Ndryshimi i drejtimit t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb kallomer\u00ebve me antena ishte grupuar rreth 180\u00b0, ndryshe nga kallomer\u00ebt pa antena. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ndryshimi mesatar absolut i azimutit te kallomer\u00ebt pa antena ishte 104.4 \u00b1 36.0\u00b0, q\u00eb dallon ndjesh\u00ebm nga ndryshimi absolut te kallomer\u00ebt me antena \u2014 141.0 \u00b1 45.0\u00b0 (grafiku n\u00eb 3B<\/b>). K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb blet\u00ebt pa antena nuk mund t\u00eb orientoheshin si\u00e7 duhet n\u00eb er\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, ata ende orientoheshin mir\u00eb sipas diellit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb imazh 3A<\/b> tregohet vendosja e testit p\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e blet\u00ebve p\u00ebr t'i kombinuar informacionet nga modality t\u00eb ndryshme sensorike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar rrug\u00ebn e tyre. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb test, ishin t\u00eb pranishme t\u00eb dyja orientimet (era + dielli) gjat\u00eb hyrjes s\u00eb par\u00eb ose vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb orientim (dielli ose era) gjat\u00eb hyrjes s\u00eb dyt\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu krahasohej multimodaliteti dhe unimodaliteti.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebzhgimet treguan se ndryshimet n\u00eb drejtimin e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb blet\u00ebve pas kalimit nga multimodal n\u00eb unimodal ishin p\u00ebrqendruar rreth 0\u00b0: vet\u00ebm era: -8,2 \u00b1 64,3\u00b0; vet\u00ebm dielli: 16,5 \u00b1 51,6\u00b0 (grafik\u00ebt n\u00eb qend\u00ebr dhe djathtas n\u00eb 3C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Kjo karakteristik\u00eb e orientimit nuk ndryshonte nga ajo q\u00eb ishte arritur kur kishte dy (dielli + era) orientime (grafiku majtas n\u00eb 3C<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Kjo tregon se n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb kontrolluara, bleta mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb orientim, n\u00ebse orientimi tjet\u00ebr nuk ofron informacion t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm, pra t\u00eb kompensoj\u00eb pasakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb orientimi me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse mendoni se shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e ndal\u00ebn k\u00ebtu, gaboheni. M\u00eb pas, ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb kontrollohej sa mir\u00eb blet\u00ebt ruajn\u00eb informacionin mbi nj\u00eb nga orientimet dhe n\u00ebse e p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen si nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, u zhvilluan 4 hyrje: n\u00eb hyrjen e par\u00eb kishte 1 orientim (dielli), n\u00eb hyrjet e dyt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tret\u00eb u shtua rrjedha ajrore, dhe gjat\u00eb hyrjes s\u00eb kat\u00ebrt kishte vet\u00ebm rrjedh\u00ebn e ajrit. Gjithashtu, u zhvillua nj\u00eb test, ku orientimet ishin me rend t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt: era, dielli+era, dielli+era, dielli.<\/p>\n

Teoria e p\u00ebrparshme sugjeron se n\u00ebse blet\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb informacionin mbi t\u00eb dy orientimet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn fush\u00eb t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs hap\u00ebsinore n\u00eb tru, at\u00ebher\u00eb ata duhet t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim n\u00eb hyrjet e para dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrta, dmth. ndryshimet n\u00eb drejtimin e l\u00ebvizjes duhet t\u00eb grupohen rreth 0\u00b0.<\/p>\n

Imazhi Nr. 4<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e mbledhura mbi ndryshimin e azimut\u00ebve gjat\u00eb hyrjeve t\u00eb para dhe t\u00eb kat\u00ebrta konfirmuan supozimin e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm (4A), i cili u konfirmua gjithashtu p\u00ebrmes modelimit, rezultatet e t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb ilustruar n\u00eb grafik\u00ebn 4C (majtas).<\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb kontroll shtes\u00eb, u kryen teste ku fluksi i ajrit u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua me nj\u00eb njoll\u00eb ultravjollc\u00eb (4B dhe 4C djathtas). Rezultatet ishin pothuajse identike me ato t\u00eb testeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin diellin dhe fluksin e ajrit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb njohje m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb nuancave t\u00eb hulumtimit, rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni n\u00eb raportin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve<\/a><\/noindex> dhe materiale shtes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Epilogu<\/h3>\n

\nGrumbulli i rezultateve t\u00eb eksperimenteve si n\u00eb mjedisin natyror ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb kontrolluar tregoi se informacioni vizual dhe mekanosensor i skarabeve bashkohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt neural dhe ruhet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb nj\u00eb kompassi multimodal. Krahasimi i efikasitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb diellit ose er\u00ebs si orientim tregoi se skarabet p\u00ebrdorin m\u00eb shum\u00eb orientimin q\u00eb u ofron m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion. I dyti p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb ose plot\u00ebsues.<\/p>\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb duket si nj\u00eb gj\u00eb krejt normale p\u00ebr ne, por nuk duhet harruar se dhe truri yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se ai i nj\u00eb insekti t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Por, si\u00e7 e kuptuam, edhe krijesat m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr procese t\u00eb komplikuara mendore, sepse n\u00eb kushtet e natyr\u00ebs, mbijetesa jote varet ose nga forca, ose nga inteligjenca, dhe shpeshher\u00eb nga nj\u00eb kombinim i t\u00eb dyjave.<\/p>\n

Tema e p\u00ebrgjithshme e Premtes:<\/b>

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSkarabet e mbetjeve gjithashtu luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr pre. Dhe nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb preja, qofshin ato topa plehu.
\n(BBC Earth, David Attenborough)<\/i><\/p>\n

Faleminderit p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen, q\u00ebndroni kureshtar dhe ju d\u00ebshiroj nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, shok\u00eb! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Faleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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