{"id":35972,"date":"2019-10-31T22:08:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:08:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:54","slug":"avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie","title":{"rendered":"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>CSM p\u00ebrfundoi, por d\u00ebshira pa kontroll p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruajtur mbeti. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/0\/kdpv.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2da9a566e92a782cf1205a6da716d4c4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb shum\u00eb vite, v\u00ebllai yn\u00eb vuajti nga kryerja e pun\u00ebve rutinore, \u00e7do her\u00eb duke kryq\u00ebzuar gishtat para komitimit dhe duke e kaluar nat\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rrotullimeve.<br \/>\nPor, fundi i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb err\u00ebta po vjen.<\/p>\n<p>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, un\u00eb do t\u00eb filloj nj\u00eb seri rreth asaj se si <i>informoni.<\/i> shikohet automazizimi. <br \/>\nGjat\u00eb procesit do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb fazat e automatizimit, ruajtjen e variabl\u00ebve, formalisimin e dizajnit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb RestAPI, NETCONF, YANG, YDK dhe do t\u00eb programojm\u00eb shum\u00eb. <br \/>\n<i>Mua<\/i> do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se a) kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta objektive, b) nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb qasja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb pa diskutim, c) mendimi im mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb edhe gjat\u00eb kalimit nga artikulli i par\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb fundit \u2014 sinqerisht, nga faza e draftit deri n\u00eb publikim, un\u00eb e kam shkruar gjith\u00e7ka plot\u00ebsisht dy her\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>P\u00ebrmbajtja<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> <b>Q\u00ebllimet<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>Rrjeti \u2014 si nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i vet\u00ebm<\/li>\n<li>Testimi i konfiguracionit<\/li>\n<li>Versionimi<\/li>\n<li>Monitorimi dhe vet\u00eb-riparimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li> <b>Mjetet<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>Sistemi i inventarit<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs IP<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i inicializimit t\u00eb pajisjeve<\/li>\n<li>Modeli i konfigurimit i pa-nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar<\/li>\n<li>Drejtuesi i specifik p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprer\u00ebsin e rendit<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb konfiguracionit n\u00eb pajisje<\/li>\n<li>CI\/CD<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i backup-it dhe gjetjes s\u00eb devijimeve<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i monitorimit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li> <b>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/b>\n <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nUn\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb udh\u00ebheq ADSN n\u00eb nj\u00eb format pak m\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga CSDM. Do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ende artikuj t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj dhe p\u00ebrplot\u00ebsues, dhe midis tyre do t\u00eb publikoj sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb vogla nga p\u00ebrvoja e p\u00ebrditshme. Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb luftoj me perfeksionizmin dhe t\u00eb mos i poliroj t\u00eb gjitha ato. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> Si \u00ebsht\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme q\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrug\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p> Fillimisht duhej t\u00eb shkruaja artikuj p\u00ebr rrjetet vet\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se nuk kishte n\u00eb Ruset.<\/p>\n<p> Tani nuk mund t\u00eb gjej nj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb gjithansh\u00ebm q\u00eb sistematizonte qasjet p\u00ebr automatizimin dhe shqyrtonte teknologjit\u00eb e lart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura me shembuj praktik.<\/p>\n<p> Ndoshta gaboj, prandaj, d\u00ebrgoni lidhje p\u00ebr burime t\u00eb dobishme. Megjithat\u00eb kjo nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb vendosm\u00ebrin\u00eb time p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar, sepse, q\u00ebllimi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr veten, nd\u00ebrsa leht\u00ebsimi i jet\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bonus i k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm q\u00eb miraton shp\u00ebrndarjen e njohurive.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ne do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb mesme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave LAN DC dhe t\u00eb punojm\u00eb me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb skem\u00ebn e automatizimit. <br \/>\nDisa gj\u00ebra do t'i b\u00ebj praktikisht p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me ju. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> N\u00eb idet\u00eb dhe mjetet e p\u00ebrshkruara k\u00ebtu nuk do t\u00eb jem origjinal. Dmitri Figol ka nj\u00eb kanal t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MLeiShwb7Qo&amp;list=PLSwGHYY8t8JiGI9powOXDHTAXDSs7FZqt\">me transmetime mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>. <br \/>\n Artikujt do t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me to n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte. \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>N\u00eb LAN DC ka 4 DC, rreth 250 switch-e, gjasht\u00eb router-a dhe disa firewall-a. <br \/>\nNuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Facebook, por mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar thell\u00eb p\u00ebr automatizimin. <br \/>\nMegjithat\u00eb, besohet se n\u00ebse keni m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 pajisje, automatizimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm. <br \/>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinosh se dikush tani mund t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb pa as edhe nj\u00eb grup skenash t\u00eb gotit. <br \/>\nMegjithat\u00eb, kam d\u00ebgjuar se ka kompani q\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb adresat IP n\u00eb Excel, dhe \u00e7do nj\u00eb nga mij\u00ebra pajisjeve rrjet krijohet manualisht dhe ka nj\u00eb konfiguracion unik. Kjo, sigurisht, mund t\u00eb duket si art modern, por ndjenjat e inxhinierit do t\u00eb ofendohen. <\/p>\n<h1>Q\u00ebllimet<\/h1>\n<p>\nTani ne do t\u00eb vendosim objektivat m\u00eb abstrakt\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rrjeti \u2014 si nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i vet\u00ebm<\/li>\n<li>Testimi i konfiguracionit<\/li>\n<li>Versionimi i gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>Monitorimi dhe vet\u00eb-riparimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nM\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se cilat mjete do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhshmet do t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb detajuar si q\u00ebllimet, ashtu edhe mjetet.<\/p>\n<h2>Rrjeti \u2014 si nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm i vet\u00ebm<\/h2>\n<p>\nFraza p\u00ebrcaktuese e ciclit, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb duket e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: <b>ne do t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb rrjetin dhe jo pajisjet e ve\u00e7anta<\/b>. <br \/>\nGjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, ne kemi v\u00ebrejtur nj\u00eb kalim t\u00eb theksit n\u00eb trajtimin e rrjetit si nj\u00eb entitet t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, nga ku vijn\u00eb <i>Rrjetet e Definuara nga Softueri<\/i>, <i>Rrjetet e Drejtuara nga Q\u00ebllimi<\/i> dhe <i>Rrjetet Autonom\u00eb<\/i>. <br \/>\nSepse \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr aplikacionet nga rrjeti: lidhje midis pikave A dhe B (ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb +B-Y) dhe izolim nga aplikacione dhe p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f8b43928ccc6d487722ce7724f5c4829.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebshtu detyra jon\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seri \u00ebsht\u00eb <b>nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb sistemi<\/b>, q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet konfigurimin aktual <b>t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetit<\/b>, i cili tashm\u00eb dekompozitohet n\u00eb konfigurimin aktual t\u00eb \u00e7do pajisjeje sipas rolit dhe vendndodhjes s\u00eb saj. <br \/>\n<b>Sistemi<\/b> menaxhimi i rrjetit n\u00ebnkupton se p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime ne drejtohemi te ai, dhe ai p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht llogarit gjendjen e nevojshme p\u00ebr \u00e7do pajisje dhe e konfiguron at\u00eb. <br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, ne minimizojm\u00eb pothuajse deri n\u00eb zero shkuarjen n\u00eb CLI me duar \u2014 \u00e7do ndryshim n\u00eb konfigurimet e pajisjeve ose n\u00eb dizajnin e rrjetit duhet t\u00eb formalizohet dhe dokumentohet \u2014 dhe vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb element\u00ebt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb rrjetit. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ne vendos\u00ebm se q\u00eb nga ky moment, switch-et n\u00eb Kazan duhet t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb dy rrjete n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00ebi, ne<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00eb pari dokumentojm\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb sisteme<\/li>\n<li>Generojm\u00eb konfigurimin q\u00ebllimor t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet<\/li>\n<li>Nisin programin e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb rrjetit, i cili llogarit se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb hiqet n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nyje, \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shtohet, dhe e sjell nyjen n\u00eb gjendjen e duhur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ne b\u00ebjm\u00eb ndryshime vet\u00ebm n\u00eb hapin e par\u00eb.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Testimi i konfiguracionit<\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wikisummaries.org\/wiki\/Visible_Ops\">\u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur<\/a><\/noindex>, se 80% e problemeve ndodhin gjat\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb konfigurimit \u2014 nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e t\u00ebrthort\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb festave t\u00eb Vitit t\u00eb Ri zakonisht gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e qet\u00eb. <br \/>\nUn\u00eb vet\u00eb kam qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar i dhjet\u00ebra vazhdim\u00ebsive globale p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb njeriut: urdhri i gabuar, u ekzekutua n\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb konfigurimit, harroi komunitetin, hoqi MPLS globalisht n\u00eb router, konfiguroi pes\u00eb pajisje, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebn nuk e vuri re gabimin, angazhoi ndryshimet e vjetra, t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga nj\u00eb person tjet\u00ebr. Skenar\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Automatizimi do na ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb m\u00eb pak gabime, por n\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. K\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb bllokosh jo nj\u00eb pajisje, por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh. <\/p>\n<p>Q\u00eb nga antikiteti, paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb verifikonin sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e ndryshimeve t\u00eb b\u00ebra me nj\u00eb sy t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb, me guxim dhe funksionalitetin e rrjetit pas lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb tyre. <br \/>\nAta paraardh\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pun\u00ebt e tyre \u00e7onin n\u00eb ndalesa dhe humbje katastrofike, lan\u00eb m\u00eb pak pasardh\u00ebs dhe duhet t\u00eb vdesin me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, por evolucioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i ngadalt\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ende nuk t\u00eb gjith\u00eb i kontrollojn\u00eb paraprakisht ndryshimet n\u00eb laborator. <br \/>\nMegjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb skajin e p\u00ebrparimit jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb automatizuan procesin e testimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve dhe aplikimin e saj m\u00eb pas n\u00eb rrjet. N\u00eb terma t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u2014 huazuan procedur\u00ebn CI\/CD (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/img.devrant.com\/devrant\/rant\/r_1535091_ErSUL.jpg\">Integrimi i Pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb, Implementimi i Pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>) nga zhvilluesit.<br \/>\nN\u00eb nj\u00eb nga pjes\u00ebt ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb si ta realizojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me sistemin e kontrollit t\u00eb versioneve, ndoshta GitHub. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> Sapo t\u00eb pajtoheni me konceptin e CI\/CD rrjetor, metoda e verifikimit t\u00eb konfigurimit duke e aplikuar n\u00eb rrjetin punues do t'ju duket nj\u00eb injoranc\u00eb e epok\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme. Ashtu si t\u00eb godas\u00ebsh me nj\u00eb \u00e7eki\u00e7 nj\u00eb kok\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyese.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nj\u00eb vazhdim organik i ideve p\u00ebr <b>sistemin<\/b> menaxhimin e rrjetit dhe CI\/CD \u00ebsht\u00eb versionimi i plote i konfigurimeve. <\/p>\n<h2>Versionimi<\/h2>\n<p>\nNe do t\u00eb supozom\u00eb se p\u00ebr \u00e7do ndryshim, madje edhe p\u00ebr ato m\u00eb t\u00eb pandjeshme, madje n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb padukshme, e gjith\u00eb rrjeti kalon nga nj\u00eb gjendje n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<br \/>\nDhe ne gjithmon\u00eb nuk ekzekutojm\u00eb komand\u00ebn n\u00eb pajisje, ne ndryshojm\u00eb gjendjen e rrjetit. <br \/>\nLe t\u00eb quajm\u00eb k\u00ebto gjendje versione?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se versioni aktual \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.0.0.<br \/>\n\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 Loopback-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 ToR&#8217;\u043e\u0432? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 1.0.1.<br \/>\nRishikuam politikat e importit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve n\u00eb BGP \u2014 disi m\u00eb serioze \u2014 tashm\u00eb 1.1.0<br \/>\nVendos\u00ebm t\u00eb heqim IGP dhe t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb BGP \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim radikal dizajni \u2014 2.0.0.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ndryshme mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb versione t\u00eb ndryshme \u2014 rrjeti po zhvillohet, po vendoset pajisje t\u00eb reja, diku po shtohen nivele t\u00eb reja spajini, diku \u2014 jo, etj.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/semver.org\">versionimi semantik<\/a><\/noindex> do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebris \u2014 \u00e7do ndryshim (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 komandave p\u00ebr diagnostikim) \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim versioni. Administratoret duhet t\u00eb njoftohen p\u00ebr \u00e7do devijim nga versioni aktual.<\/p>\n<p>E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen p\u00ebr rikthimin e ndryshimeve \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb anulimi i komandave t\u00eb fundit, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rikthimi me forc\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit operativ t\u00eb pajisjes \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtimi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb version t\u00eb ri (t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr). <\/p>\n<h2>Monitorimi dhe vet\u00eb-riparimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve<\/h2>\n<p>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet moderne q\u00eb po del n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ri.<br \/>\nShpesh, te ofruesit e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve praktikoheshin ato q\u00eb duhet ta tregojm\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin shum\u00eb shpejt dhe t\u00eb ngrem\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb ri, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb merremi me at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhi.<br \/>\n\"Shum\u00eb\" do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb mbushim me monitoring q\u00eb brenda disa sekondash do t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb \u00e7do devijim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl nga norma.<br \/>\nDhe k\u00ebtu nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme metrikat e zakonshme, si p.sh. ngarkesa e interfes\u00ebs ose disponueshm\u00ebria e nyj\u00ebs. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme as ndjekja manuale e robit p\u00ebr to.<br \/>\nP\u00ebr shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra, duhet t\u00eb kemi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irisns.com\/self-healing-network-tomorrow-look-like\/\">Vet\u00eb-Sh\u00ebrim<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 monitorimet ndri\u00e7ohen n\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe dhe shkojn\u00eb vet\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin nj\u00eb bandazh aty ku dhemb.<\/p>\n<p>Edhe k\u00ebtu ne monitorojm\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por edhe sh\u00ebndetin e rrjetit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, si n\u00eb form\u00ebn e bardh\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e qart\u00eb, ashtu edhe n\u00eb form\u00ebn e zez\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e komplikuar.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00c7far\u00eb na nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar k\u00ebto plane ambicioze?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet, pozitat e tyre, rolet, modelet, versionet e softuerit. <br \/>\n <i>kazan-leaf-1.lmu.net, Kazan, leaf, Juniper QFX 5120, R18.3.<\/i>\n <\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb rrjetit. <br \/>\n <i>IGP, BGP, L2\/3VPN, Politika, ACL, NTP, SSH.<\/i><\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb dim\u00eb si t\u00eb inicializojm\u00eb pajisjen. <br \/>\n <i>Emri i hostit, IP menaxhimi, Routes menaxhimi, P\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00c7el\u00ebsat RSA, LLDP, NETCONF<\/i><\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb pajisjen dhe ta sjellim konfigurimin n\u00eb versionin e d\u00ebshiruar (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr).<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb testojm\u00eb konfigurimin<\/li>\n<li>Kontrolloni periodikisht gjendjen e t\u00eb gjitha pajisjeve p\u00ebr t'u siguruar q\u00eb ato nuk shkulin nga aktualiteti dhe informoni ata q\u00eb duhet.<br \/>\n <i>Disa shtoi nj\u00eb rregull n\u00eb ACL gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs.<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>Vazhdo t\u00eb monitorosh funksionimin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Mjetet<\/h1>\n<p>\nDuket mjaft kompleks p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar t\u00eb dekompozosh projektin n\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e tij.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe do t\u00eb jen\u00eb dhjet\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sistemi i inventarit<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs IP<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i inicializimit t\u00eb pajisjeve<\/li>\n<li>Modeli i konfigurimit i pa-nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar<\/li>\n<li>Drejtuesi i specifik p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprer\u00ebsin e rendit<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb konfiguracionit n\u00eb pajisje<\/li>\n<li>CI\/CD<\/li>\n<li>Mekanizmi i backup-it dhe gjetjes s\u00eb devijimeve<\/li>\n<li>Sistemi i monitorimit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p> S\u00eb shpejti, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull se si \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar perceptimi ndaj objekteve t\u00eb ciklit \u2014 n\u00eb skic\u00ebn e komponent\u00ebve ishin 4.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/91132e29d359a4042b213529511f6d7d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb ilustrim kam paraqitur t\u00eb gjitha komponent\u00ebt dhe pajisjen p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. <br \/>\nKomponent\u00ebt e nd\u00ebrthurur bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. <br \/>\nSa m\u00eb i madh t\u00eb jet\u00eb blloku, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje duhet t'i kushtohet k\u00ebtij komponenti. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 1. Sistemi i inventarit<\/h2>\n<p>\nNatyrisht, ne duam t\u00eb dim\u00eb se cilat pajisje ndodhen, ku jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb lidhjesh jan\u00eb. <br \/>\nSistemi i inventarit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore e \u00e7do nd\u00ebrmarrjeje. <br \/>\nShpesh, p\u00ebr pajisjet rrjet, nd\u00ebrmarrjet kan\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem inventari t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb adresa m\u00eb specifike. <br \/>\nN\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebtij cikli artikujsh do ta quajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb DCIM \u2014 Menaxhimi i Infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb Qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave. Megjithat\u00eb, termi DCIM p\u00ebrfshin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se kaq.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat tona n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem do t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb informacionin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajisjet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Numri i inventarit<\/li>\n<li>Emri\/opis <\/li>\n<li>Modeli (<i>Huawei CE12800, Juniper QFX5120 etj.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Parametrat karakteristik\u00eb (<i>t\u00eb pllakave, nd\u00ebrfaqeve etj.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Roli (<i>Leaf, Spine, Border Router etj.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Lokacioni (<i>rajoni, qyteti, qendra e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, rafti, nj\u00ebsi.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Interkonnekset midis pajisjeve<\/li>\n<li>Topologjia e rrjetit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/fac708b1bf3640a943f90247bff8216e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nQart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se ne vet\u00eb d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb t\u00eb dim\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka rreth k\u00ebtyre. <br \/>\nPor kjo do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e automatizimit? <br \/>\nPa dyshim. <br \/>\nP\u00ebr shembull, dim\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb switch-at Leaf, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb Huawei, ACL p\u00ebr filtrimin e trafikut t\u00eb caktuar duhet t\u00eb aplikohet n\u00eb VLAN, ndryshe, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb Juniper, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebsin\u00eb 0 t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes fizike. <br \/>\nOse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb hapim nj\u00eb server t\u00eb ri Syslog n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kufijt\u00eb e rajonit.<\/p>\n<p>Aty do t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb edhe pajisje virtuale rrjetesh, si routerat virtual\u00eb apo reflektor\u00ebt BGP. Mund t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb servera DNS, NTP, Syslog dhe madje gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ka lidhje me rrjetin. <\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 2. Sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs IP<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, akoma ka grupe njer\u00ebzish q\u00eb mbajn\u00eb llogari p\u00ebr prefikset dhe adresat IP n\u00eb skedar\u00eb Excel. Por qasja moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, me frontend n\u00eb nginx\/apache, API dhe funksione t\u00eb gjera p\u00ebr llogaritjen e adresave IP dhe rrjeteve me ndarje n\u00eb VRF.<br \/>\nIPAM \u2014 Menaxhimi i Adresave IP. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nevojat tona n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem do t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb informacionin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VLAN<\/li>\n<li>VRF<\/li>\n<li>Rrjetet\/Subrrjetet<\/li>\n<li>adresat IP<\/li>\n<li>Lidhja e adresave me pajisjet, rrjetet me lokacionet dhe numrat e VLAN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6d476d48f95ed663d84cae052a86d129.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u041e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0443\u043f\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430 ToR&#8217;\u0430, \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d. \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438. <br \/>\nPor si do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb kjo n\u00eb automatizim? <br \/>\nLeht\u00eb. <br \/>\nK\u00ebrkojm\u00eb n\u00eb sistem nj\u00eb prefiks me rol Loopbacks, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ka adresa IP t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr ndarje \u2014 n\u00ebse ndodhet, e ndajm\u00eb adres\u00ebn, p\u00ebrndryshe k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb prefiksi t\u00eb ri. <br \/>\nOse gjat\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb konfiguracionit t\u00eb pajisjes mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga ky sistem, se n\u00eb cilin VRF duhet t\u00eb ndodhet nd\u00ebrfaqja. <br \/>\nDhe kur startojm\u00eb nj\u00eb server t\u00eb ri, skedari shkon n\u00eb sistem, m\u00ebson se n\u00eb cilin kalim serveri ndodhet, n\u00eb cilin port dhe cila n\u00ebnrrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqen \u2014 nga ajo do t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb adres\u00ebn e serverit. <\/p>\n<p>\nShfaqet d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar DCIM dhe IPAM n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos duplikuar funksionet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos mbajtur dy entitete t\u00eb ngjashme. <br \/>\nK\u00ebshtu do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb. <\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 3. Sistemi i p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve rrjet\u00ebrore<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00ebse dy sistemet e para ruajn\u00eb variablat q\u00eb ende duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren ndokund, e treta p\u00ebrshkruan se si \u00e7do rol pajisjeje duhet t\u00eb konfigurohet. <br \/>\nDuhet t\u00eb dallohen dy lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve rrjet\u00ebrore: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Infrastrukturor<\/li>\n<li>Klientor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00eb parat synojn\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb baz\u00eb dhe menaxhimin e pajisjes. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfshihen VTY, SNMP, NTP, Syslog, AAA, protokollet e ruterimit, CoPP etj. <br \/>\nT\u00eb dytat organizojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin p\u00ebr klientin: MPLS L2\/L3VPN, GRE, VXLAN, VLAN, L2TP etj. <br \/>\nNatyrisht, ka edhe raste kufitare \u2014 si t'i japim MPLS LDP, BGP? Edhe protokollet e ruterimit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt. Por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb dy llojet e sh\u00ebrbimeve shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb primitiv\u00ebt e konfigurimit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nd\u00ebrfaqet fizike dhe logjike (tag\/untag, mtu)<\/li>\n<li>Adresat IP dhe VRF (IP, IPv6, VRF)<\/li>\n<li>ACL dhe politikat e trajtimit t\u00eb trafikut<\/li>\n<li>Protokollet (IGP, BGP, MPLS)<\/li>\n<li>Politikat e ruterimit (lista e prefikseve, komunitetet, filtrat ASN).<\/li>\n<li>Sh\u00ebrbimet ndihm\u00ebse (SSH, NTP, LLDP, Syslog\u2026)<\/li>\n<li>Etj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSi do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, nuk e kam ende n\u00eb mend. Do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/092bc3a4b875f4a6422ee13fb580ba4f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00ebse i afrohemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb se<br \/>\nSwitchi Leaf duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb seanca BGP me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-\u00ebt Spine t\u00eb lidhur, t\u00eb importoj\u00eb rrjetet e lidhura n\u00eb proces, dhe t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb nga switch-\u00ebt Spine vet\u00ebm rrjetet me nj\u00eb prefiks t\u00eb caktuar. Kufizoni CoPP IPv6 ND n\u00eb 10 pps etj. <br \/>\nN\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, switch-et Spine mbajn\u00eb seansa me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Leaf-\u00ebt e lidhur, duke vepruar si rreth-reflektues dhe pranojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm rrug\u00ebt e nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsie t\u00eb caktuar dhe me nj\u00eb komunitet t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 4. Mekanizmi i iniciativ\u00ebs s\u00eb pajisjes<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb titull un\u00eb bashkoj shum\u00eb veprime q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndodhin q\u00eb pajisja t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb radar\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihet nga distanca.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Shtoni pajisjen n\u00eb sistemin e inventarizimit.<\/li>\n<li>Caktoni nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP p\u00ebr menaxhim.<\/li>\n<li>Konfiguroni qasje bazike p\u00ebr t\u00eb: <br \/>\nEmri i hostit, adresa IP p\u00ebr menaxhim, rruga n\u00eb rrjetin e menaxhimit, p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00e7el\u00ebsat SSH, protokollet \u2014 telnet\/SSH\/NETCONF<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>K\u00ebtu ekzistojn\u00eb tre qasje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Krejt\u00ebsisht manualisht. Pajisja sjell\u00ebt n\u00eb q\u00ebnd\u00ebr, ku nj\u00eb njeri i zakonsh\u00ebm do ta regjistroj\u00eb n\u00eb sistemet, do t\u00eb lidhet me konsol\u00eb dhe do ta konfiguronte. Mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb vogla statike.<\/li>\n<li>ZTP \u2014 Zero Touch Provisioning. Hardueri ka ardhur, \u00ebsht\u00eb ngarkuar, ka marr\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb p\u00ebrmes DHCP, \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00eb server t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb-konfiguruar. <\/li>\n<li>Infrastruktura e server\u00ebve t\u00eb konsol\u00ebs, ku konfigurimi fillestar ndodh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb automatike p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb konsol\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb tre do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6d8d061e53b508edbbcbd98fe496ca91.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 5. Modeli i konfigurimit t\u00eb pa-varur nga prodhuesi<\/h2>\n<p>\nDerisa t\u00eb gjitha sistemet ishin cop\u00ebza t\u00eb ndara, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb variabla dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim deklarativ t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironim t\u00eb shihnim n\u00eb rrjet. Por, her\u00ebt a von\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ballafaqohemi me detaje t\u00eb sakta. <br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb, p\u00ebr \u00e7do pajisje t\u00eb caktuar, primitivat, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe variablat kombinohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb model konfigurimi, q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb p\u00ebrshkruan konfigurimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjes specifike, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur nga prodhuesi. <br \/>\n\u00c7far\u00eb e sjell ky hap? Pse t\u00eb mos e formoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb konfigurimin e pajisjes, t\u00eb cilin mund ta ngarkoni thjesht? <br \/>\nN\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, kjo lejon zgjidhjen e tre problemeve:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> T\u00eb mos adaptohemi me nd\u00ebrfaqen specifike t\u00eb pajisjes. Qoft\u00eb CLI, NETCONF, RESTCONF, SNMP \u2014 modeli do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li> T\u00eb mos mbani numrin e shablloneve\/skripteve n\u00eb numrin e prodhuesve n\u00eb rrjet, dhe n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb dizajnit, t\u00eb ndryshoni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb n\u00eb disa vende.<\/li>\n<li> T\u00eb ngarkoni konfigurimin nga pajisja (backup), ta shp\u00ebrndani at\u00eb n\u00eb modelin e sakt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kryeni krahasimin mes konfigurimit t\u00eb synuar dhe atij ekzistues p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur diferenc\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb patch konfigurimi q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm ato pjes\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar devijimet.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a154c42ebe7978fcc5b2ce4f235516c9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSi rezultat i k\u00ebsaj faze, ne marrim nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb pavarur nga prodhuesi.<\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 6. Shofer specifik p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqen e prodhuesit<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0436\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c whitebox&#8217;\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 NETCONF, RESTCONF, OpenConfig, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442. <br \/>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht si OpenContrail dhe OpenStack, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb RestAPI si nd\u00ebrfaqen e tyre NorthBound, presin thirrje t\u00eb ndryshme. <\/p>\n<p>Pra, n\u00eb hapin e pest\u00eb, modeli i pavarur nga prodhuesi duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb form\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb harduer. <br \/>\nDhe k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha mjetet q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme (jo): CLI, NETCONF, RESTCONF, SNMP thjesht n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb favori.<\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, do t\u00eb na nevojitet nj\u00eb shofer q\u00eb do ta konvertoj\u00eb rezultatin e hapit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm n\u00eb formatin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb prodhuesit t\u00eb caktuar: nj\u00eb set komandash CLI, nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb XML.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6ed8e935183075fda60a209477f84937.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 7. Mekanizmi i dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb konfigurimit n\u00eb pajisje<\/h2>\n<p>\nNe kemi gjeneruar konfigurimin, por tani duhet ta dor\u00ebzojm\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje \u2014 dhe, natyrisht, jo me duar. <br \/>\n<b>S\u00eb pari<\/b>, para nesh shfaqet pyetja, cila transport do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim? Dhe zgjedhja sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e vog\u00ebl:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CLI (telnet, ssh)<\/li>\n<li>SNMP<\/li>\n<li>NETCONF<\/li>\n<li>RESTCONF<\/li>\n<li>REST API<\/li>\n<li>OpenFlow (pavar\u00ebsisht se ai bie jasht\u00eb list\u00ebs, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar FIB, jo konfigurime)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le t\u00eb sqarojm\u00eb k\u00ebtu disa pika. CLI \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb legjendar. SNMP\u2026 khem-khem.<br \/>\nRESTCONF \u2014 akoma nj\u00eb krijes\u00eb e panjohur, REST API mb\u00ebshtetet nga pak. Prandaj, ne do t\u00eb fokusohemi n\u00eb NETCONF.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, si\u00e7 e kuptoi tashm\u00eb lexuesi, me nd\u00ebrfaqen, ne tashm\u00eb jemi p\u00ebrcaktuar \u2014 rezultati i hapit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb formatin e nd\u00ebrfaqes q\u00eb ishte zgjedhur.<\/p>\n<p><b>N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb<\/b>, dhe me cilat mjete do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb?<br \/>\nK\u00ebtu gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb madhe:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Script apo t\u00eb dashura ose platform\u00eb. Do t\u00eb armatosemi me ncclient dhe asyncIO dhe do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb vet\u00eb. \u00c7far\u00eb na kushton t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem deployi nga zero?<\/li>\n<li>Ansible me bibliotek\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb pasur t\u00eb moduleve rrjet\u00ebsore.<\/li>\n<li>Salt me pun\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb kufizuar me rrjetin dhe lidhjen me Napalm.<\/li>\n<li>Pra, Napalm, i cili njeh disa furnizues dhe asgj\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mirupafshim.<\/li>\n<li>Nornir \u2014 nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr krijes\u00eb q\u00eb do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjedhur ende nj\u00eb favorit k\u00ebtu \u2014 do t\u00eb eksplorojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7far\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme k\u00ebtu? Pasojat e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb konfiguracionit. <br \/>\nA \u00ebsht\u00eb e suksesshme apo jo. A mbeti qasje n\u00eb pajisje apo jo. <br \/>\nDuket se ndihmon komitimi me konfirmim dhe validim t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ngarkuar n\u00eb pajisje. <br \/>\nKjo, s\u00eb bashku me implementimin e duhur t\u00eb NETCONF, ndihmon p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngushtuar numrin e pajisjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme \u2014 komitetet e zakonshme nuk mb\u00ebshtesin aq shum\u00eb prodhues. Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb nga kushtet e detyrueshme n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\">RFP<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, askush nuk shqet\u00ebsohet se asnj\u00eb furnizues rus nuk do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00ebn kushtin e 32*100GE interfaces. Apo ndoshta shqet\u00ebsohen?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/59d8ad3b55b9c107642550bb06fc759a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 8. CI\/CD<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, ne kemi p\u00ebrfunduar konfigurimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e rrjetit.<br \/>\nPo e shkruaj \u00abp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha\u00bb, sepse flasim p\u00ebr versionimin e gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit. Edhe n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm cil\u00ebsimet e nj\u00eb switch-i, ndryshimet llogariten p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin. Natyrisht, ato mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb zero p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e nyjeve.<\/p>\n<p>Por, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, ne nuk jemi barbar\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb prodhim. <br \/>\nKonfigurimi i gjeneruar duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb fillimisht p\u00ebrmes Pipeline CI\/CD.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>CI\/CD do t\u00eb thot\u00eb Integrimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm, Shkarkimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje ku ekipi nuk publikon nj\u00eb version t\u00eb ri gjysm\u00ebvjetor, duke e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb vjetrin, por zhvillon rregullisht funksionalitet t\u00eb ri n\u00eb porcione t\u00eb vogla, \u00e7do nj\u00ebrin t\u00eb cilin e teston n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, sigurin\u00eb dhe funksionalitetin.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne kemi nj\u00eb sistem kontrolli versioni q\u00eb ndjek ndryshimet n\u00eb konfigurim, nj\u00eb laborator ku kontrollohet n\u00ebse sh\u00ebrbimi i klientit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thyer, nj\u00eb sistem monitorimi q\u00eb verifikon k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt, dhe hapi i fundit \u2014 p\u00ebrhapja e ndryshimeve n\u00eb rrjetin aktiv.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 komandave t\u00eb debugut, t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet n\u00eb rrjet duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Pipeline CI\/CD \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb garancia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb karrier\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e t\u00eb lumtur.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/101a5ff87c7a9c7b6776aca9daf762a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 9. Sistemi i kopjimeve rezerv\u00eb dhe ndjekjes s\u00eb devijimeve<\/h2>\n<p>\nNuk ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr kopjet rezerv\u00eb. <br \/>\nDo t'i grumbullojm\u00eb ato sipas kronit ose pas ndonj\u00eb ndryshimi n\u00eb konfigurim n\u00eb git.<\/p>\n<p>Por pjesa e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb interesante \u2014 dikush duhet t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb v\u00ebzhgim mbi k\u00ebto kopje rezerv\u00eb. Dhe n\u00eb disa raste, ky dikush duhet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb dhe ta kthej\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka si\u00e7 ishte, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, duhet t\u00eb njoftoj\u00eb dik\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00ebdo problemi. <br \/>\nP\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar, i cili nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i regjistruar n\u00eb variablat, duhet ta heqim at\u00eb sa m\u00eb larg nga hakimi. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rregull i ri firewall, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mos e prekim, ndoshta dikush ka aktivizuar ndihm\u00ebn e debugut, ose ndoshta nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim i ri, q\u00eb ka ndodhur jasht\u00eb rregullave.<\/p>\n<p>Nga nj\u00eb diferenc\u00eb e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb shkall\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin, ne gjithsesi nuk do t'ia dalim, pavar\u00ebsisht ndonj\u00eb sistemi automatizimi dhe dor\u00eb t\u00eb hekurt t\u00eb udh\u00ebheqjes. P\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve, askush nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb konfigurimin e sistemeve. Sidomos sepse modelimi i konfigurimit nuk mund t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb rregull firewall p\u00ebr num\u00ebrimin e paketave p\u00ebr nj\u00eb IP t\u00eb caktuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lokalizuar problemin \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim i zakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsi.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/390f78139d336f1fc2c60573bccfe76c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Komponenti 10. Sistemi i monitorimit<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb fillim nuk doja t\u00eb preka tem\u00ebn e monitorimit \u2014 p\u00ebr shkak se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e gjer\u00eb, e diskutueshme dhe e komplikuar. Por gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, doli se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandashme e automatizimit. Dhe nuk mund ta anashkaloni ashtu si asnj\u00ebher\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Duke zhvilluar iden\u00eb \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb organike e procesit CI\/CD. Pas p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb konfigurimit n\u00eb rrjet, na nevojitet t\u00eb dim\u00eb n\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull me t\u00eb. <br \/>\nDhe nuk flasim vet\u00ebm dhe jo aq shum\u00eb p\u00ebr grafikat e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb interfecave ose p\u00ebr aksesin n\u00eb nyje, por edhe p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra m\u00eb delikate \u2014 pranin\u00eb e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb nevojshme, atyre t\u00eb atribuuara, numrin e lidhjeve BGP, fqinj\u00ebve OSPF, funksionalitetin End-to-End t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb varen.<br \/>\nA nuk kan\u00eb pushuar t\u00eb grumbullohen log-et n\u00eb serverin e jasht\u00ebm, a nuk ka d\u00ebshtuar agjenti SFlow, a nuk ka filluar rritja e drop-ave n\u00eb radh\u00ebt, a nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thyer lidhja mes ndonj\u00eb pale prefikse?<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ne do t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08aeee4939081abb21e61abadd0ce5de.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/13c186070c85fd00f7b6923df154f1b6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h1>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h1>\n<p>\nSi baz\u00eb, kam zgjedhur nj\u00eb nga dizajnet moderne t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash \u2014 L3 Clos Fabric me BGP si protokollin e routing.<br \/>\nDo ta nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb rrjetin k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb Juniper, sepse tani interfeisi JunOs \u00ebsht\u00eb i b\u00ebr\u00eb me kapele.<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00eb complicojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur vet\u00ebm mjete Open Source dhe nj\u00eb rrjet multivendor \u2014 k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Juniper do t\u00eb zgjedh edhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Plani i publikimeve t\u00eb af\u00ebrta \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht k\u00ebshtu:<br \/>\nS\u00eb pari, do t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr rrjetet virtuale. Kryesisht, sepse m\u00eb p\u00eblqen, dhe s\u00eb dyti, sepse pa k\u00ebt\u00eb dizajni i rrjetit infrastrukturor do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i paqart\u00eb.<br \/>\nM\u00eb pas, konkretisht p\u00ebr dizajnin e rrjetit: topologjia, rrug\u00ebkalimi, politikat.<br \/>\nDo t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient laboratori.<br \/>\nDo t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb dhe, ndoshta, do t\u00eb praktikojm\u00eb n\u00eb inicializimin e pajisjes n\u00eb rrjet.<br \/>\nDhe pastaj p\u00ebr \u00e7do komponent n\u00eb detaje intime.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe po, nuk premtoj t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl me nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<h5>Linqe t\u00eb dobishme<\/h5>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Para se t\u00eb thellohem n\u00eb serin\u00eb, ia vlen t\u00eb lexoni librin e Natasha Samoylenko <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/natenka.gitbook.io\/pyneng\/\">Python p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00ebt e rrjetit<\/a><\/noindex>. Dhe ndoshta, t\u00eb kaloni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/natenka.github.io\/pyneng-online\/\">kursin<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>Do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithashtu e dobishme t\u00eb lexoni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7938\">RFC<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr dizajnin e fabrikave t\u00eb qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Facebook, t\u00eb shkruar nga Petar Lapukhov.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Overlay&#8217;\u043d\u044b\u0439 SDN \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tungstenfabric.github.io\/website\/Tungsten-Fabric-Architecture.html\">Tungsten Fabric<\/a><\/noindex> (m\u00eb pare Open Contrail).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Faleminderit<\/h5>\n<p>\nRoman Gorgi. P\u00ebr komentet dhe korrigjimet.<br \/>\nArtyom Chernobay. P\u00ebr KDPV.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/453516\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0414\u0421\u041c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441 RestAPI, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0414\u0421\u041c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441 RestAPI,\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0421\u0414\u0421\u041c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441 RestAPI,\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:08:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:08:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 Automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa zero. Planifikimi | ProHoster","description":"SDSM p\u00ebrfundoi, por d\u00ebshira e pakontrolluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar mbeti. Gjat\u00eb shum\u00eb viteve, v\u00ebllai yn\u00eb vuajti nga p\u00ebrfundimi i pun\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonshme, mbante gishta t\u00eb kryq\u00ebzuar para komitit dhe nuk flinte p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rikthimeve t\u00eb nat\u00ebs. Por epokave t\u00eb err\u00ebta i vjen fundi. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb filloj nj\u00eb seri p\u00ebr at\u00eb se si e shoh automatik\u00ebn. N\u00eb rrug\u00eb do t\u00eb hedhim nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim n\u00eb etapet e automatizimit, ruajtjen e variablave, formalisimin e dizajnit, me RestAPI,","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0414\u0421\u041c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0441 RestAPI,","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-nulevaya-planirovanie","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:08:54+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:08:54+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"35972","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-22 01:28:20","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 09:58:22","updated":"2026-01-22 01:28:20","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}