{"id":35973,"date":"2019-10-31T22:08:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-pervaya-kotoraya-posle-nulevoj-virtualizatsiya-seti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:08:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:54","slug":"avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-pervaya-kotoraya-posle-nulevoj-virtualizatsiya-seti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-pervaya-kotoraya-posle-nulevoj-virtualizatsiya-seti","title":{"rendered":"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/453516\/\">numri i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex> Un\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkrova korniz\u00ebn e automatizimit t\u00eb rrjetit. Sipas komenteve, disa njer\u00ebz madje mendojn\u00eb q\u00eb kjo qasje e par\u00eb ndaj problemit tashm\u00eb ka sqaruar disa \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Dhe kjo m\u00eb b\u00ebn shum\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur, sepse q\u00ebllimi yn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb jo t\u00eb mbushim Ansible me skripte Python, por t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuam nj\u00eb sistem.<\/p>\n<p>Kjo korniz\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton rendin n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb merremi me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen.<br \/>\nDhe virtualizimi i rrjetit, q\u00eb i dedikohet ky num\u00ebr, nuk p\u00ebrputhet shum\u00eb me tematik\u00ebn e ADSM, ku diskutojm\u00eb automatizimin. <\/p>\n<p>Por le t\u00eb shohim nga nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim.<\/p>\n<p>Shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb rrjet. N\u00eb rastin e operatorit t\u00eb komunikimit, k\u00ebt\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshin 2G, 3G, LTE, ShPD dhe B2B, p\u00ebr shembull. N\u00eb rastin e DC: lidhshm\u00ebria p\u00ebr klient\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, Interneti, ruajtja bllok dhe ruajtja objekt.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb izolim nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. K\u00ebshtu lind\u00ebn rrjetet mbulese.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet nuk duan t\u00eb presin derisa nj\u00eb njeri t'i konfiguroj\u00eb manualisht. K\u00ebshtu lind\u00ebn orkestrator\u00ebt dhe SDN.<\/p>\n<p>Qashtu q\u00eb u afrua automatizimi sistematik i rrjetit, m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende: VMWare, OpenStack, Google Compute Cloud, AWS, Facebook.<\/p>\n<p>Sot do ta analizojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/kdpv.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0bf73b7b71c383c5526da48a6f6b776.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>P\u00ebrmbajtja<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Arsyet<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Termat<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Underlay \u2014 rrjeti fizik<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Overlay \u2014 rrjeti virtual<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Overlay \u0441 ToR&#8217;a<\/li>\n<li>Overlay nga hosti<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb shembullin e Tungsten Fabric\n<ul>\n<li>Komunikimi brenda nj\u00eb makine fizike<\/li>\n<li>Komunikimi midis VM-ve q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb makina t\u00eb ndryshme fizike<\/li>\n<li>Dalja n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li><b>FAQ<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Linqe t\u00eb dobishme<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Arsyet<\/h1>\n<p>\nDhe pasi e p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim parakushtet p\u00ebr virtualizimin e rrjetit. N\u00eb fakt, ky proces ka filluar shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Mund t\u00eb keni d\u00ebgjuar shpesh se rrjeti gjithmon\u00eb ka qen\u00eb pjesa m\u00eb inerte e \u00e7do sistemi. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do kuptim. Rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb baza mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mb\u00ebshtetet gjith\u00e7ka, dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebsh ndryshime n\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u2014 sh\u00ebrbimet nuk e duan kur rrjeti bie. Shpesh, d\u00ebshtimi i nj\u00eb node mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb n\u00eb avari shum\u00eb aplikacione dhe ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb klient\u00eb. Pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, ekipi i rrjetit mund t\u00eb rezistoj\u00eb ndaj ndonj\u00eb ndryshimi \u2014 sepse tani funksionon ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb (<i>ndoshta madje nuk e dim\u00eb si<\/i>), dhe k\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb konfigurohet di\u00e7ka e re, dhe nuk dihet sesi do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos pritur q\u00eb rrjetar\u00ebt t\u00eb instalojn\u00eb VLAN dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e shkruar \u00e7do sh\u00ebrbim n\u00eb \u00e7do nyje t\u00eb rrjetit, njer\u00ebzit shpik\u00ebn p\u00ebrdorimin e overlay-ve \u2014 rrjete t\u00eb mbivendosura \u2014 t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb llojeve: GRE, IPinIP, MPLS, MPLS L2\/L3VPN, VXLAN, GENEVE, MPLSoverUDP, MPLSoverGRE etj.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ebrheqja e tyre q\u00ebndron n\u00eb dy gj\u00ebra t\u00eb thjeshta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konfigurohen vet\u00ebm nyjet p\u00ebrfundimtare \u2014 nuk preken ato p\u00ebrmes. Kjo e acceleron ndjesh\u00ebm procesin, dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet madje edhe departamenti i infrastruktur\u00ebs rrjetore nga procesi i promovimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb reja.<\/li>\n<li>Ngarkesa \u00ebsht\u00eb e fshehur thell\u00eb brenda titujve \u2014 nyjet tranzit nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb din\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, p\u00ebr adresat n\u00eb aparate, dhe p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e rrjetit t\u00eb mbivendosur. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb mbahen m\u00eb pak informacione n\u00eb tabela, duke lejuar q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren pajisje m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta \/ m\u00eb t\u00eb lira.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb edicion q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i plot\u00eb, nuk planifikoj t\u00eb shqyrtoj t\u00eb gjitha teknologjit\u00eb e mundshme, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb t'i p\u00ebrshkruaj kuadri i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjeteve overlay n\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n<p>E gjith\u00eb seria do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga rreshta t\u00eb raft\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00ebtrajtsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb instaluar pajisje serverash t\u00eb ngjashme. <\/p>\n<p>Ky pajisje p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur makina virtuale\/kontejner\u00eb\/serverless q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a6863eb2804a298304d1e93daecf90d9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Termat<\/h1>\n<p>\nN\u00eb cik\u00ebl <b>serverin<\/b> do ta quaj programin q\u00eb implementon an\u00ebn server t\u00eb komunikimit klient-server.<\/p>\n<p>Makinat fizike n\u00eb rafte quhen servera <b>nuk<\/b> do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b>Makin\u00eb fizike<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb kompjuter x86, i instaluar n\u00eb raft. Termi m\u00eb i p\u00ebrdorur \u00ebsht\u00eb <b>host<\/b>. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 &#171;<b>makin\u00eb<\/b>&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 <b>host<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Hypervisor<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb aplikacion q\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb fizike, duke emuluar burimet fizike mbi t\u00eb cilat funksionojn\u00eb Makina Virtuale. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb literatura dhe internet fjal\u00ebn \u00abhypervisor\u00bb e p\u00ebrdorin si sinonim t\u00eb \u00abhost\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><b>Makin\u00eb virtuale<\/b> \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440. \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e &#171;<b>VM<\/b>\u00ab<\/p>\n<p><b>Tenant<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb koncept i gjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do ta p\u00ebrcaktoj si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ose nj\u00eb klient t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b>Multi-tenancy<\/b> ose multitenancy \u2014 p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00ebjtit aplikacion nga klient\u00eb\/sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, izolimi i klient\u00ebve arrihet p\u00ebrmes arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb aplikacionit dhe jo me instanca t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb nisura.<\/p>\n<p><b>ToR \u2014 Switch-i n\u00eb krye t\u00eb raftit<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb switch i instaluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb raft, ku t\u00eb gjitha makinat fizike jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> P\u00ebrve\u00e7 topologjis\u00eb ToR, ofrues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm praktikojn\u00eb End of Row (EoR) ose Middle of Row (pavar\u00ebsisht se e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb raritet dhe nuk kam hasur abbrevatur\u00ebn MoR).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <b>Rrjeti n\u00ebnkat<\/b> ose rrjeti n\u00ebnkat ose underlay \u2014 infrastruktura fizike e rrjetit: switch-e, router-a, kabllo.<\/p>\n<p><b>Rrjeti mbi<\/b> ose rrjeti mbi ose overlay \u2014 nj\u00eb rrjet virtual tunelesh q\u00eb punon mbi fizikoren.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fabrika L3 ose fabrika IP<\/b> \u2014 nj\u00eb shpikje e mahnitshme e njer\u00ebzimit, q\u00eb lejon q\u00eb n\u00eb intervista t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten STP dhe t\u00eb mos m\u00ebsohen TRILL. Nj\u00eb koncept ku e gjith\u00eb rrjeti deri n\u00eb nivelin e qasjes \u00ebsht\u00eb ekskluzivisht L3, pa VLAN dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me domene t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura t\u00eb transmetimit. Nga vjen fjala \"fabrik\u00eb\", do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p><b>SDN<\/b> \u2014 Rrjeti i Definuar nga Softueri. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur mir\u00eb. Qasja n\u00eb menaxhimin e rrjetit kur ndryshimet n\u00eb rrjet b\u00ebhen nga programi dhe jo nga njeriu. Zakonisht do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb Planin e Kontrollit e nxjerrim jasht\u00eb pajisjeve p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrollues.<\/p>\n<p><b>NFV<\/b> \u2014 Virtualizimi i Funksioneve t\u00eb Rrjetit \u2014 virtualizimi i pajisjeve rrjetore q\u00eb supozon se disa funksione t\u00eb rrjetit mund t\u00eb ekzekutohen n\u00eb form\u00ebn e mjeteve virtuale ose konteiner\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar implementimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb reja, organizimin e Shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb leht\u00ebsi n\u00eb shkall\u00ebzimin horizontal.<\/p>\n<p><b>VNF<\/b> \u2014 Funksioni Virtual i Rrjetit. Nj\u00eb pajisje virtuale specifike: router, switch, firewall, NAT, IPS\/IDS etj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/971b6a28a9caab5f3a7067ce4d25749c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p> Aktualisht po e thjeshtoj q\u00ebllimisht p\u00ebrshkrimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb realizim konkret p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e ngat\u00ebrruar shum\u00eb lexuesin. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb lexim m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb, e referoj n\u00eb seksionin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#LINKS\">Linke<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, Roma Gorge, q\u00eb kritikon k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr pasakt\u00ebsi, premton t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb mbi teknologjit\u00eb e virtualizimit t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe rrjeteve, m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebmendshme ndaj detajeve.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Shumica e rrjeteve sot mund t\u00eb ndahen qart\u00eb n\u00eb dy pjes\u00eb: <\/p>\n<p><b>Underlay<\/b> \u2014 rrjeti fizik me konfigurim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm.<br \/>\n<b>Overlay<\/b> \u2014 abstraksion mbi Underlay p\u00ebr izolimin e tenant\u00ebve. <\/p>\n<p>Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb si p\u00ebr rastin e DC (t\u00eb cilin do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull), ashtu edhe p\u00ebr ISP (t\u00eb cilin nuk do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/linkmeup.ru\/sdsm\">SDSM<\/a><\/noindex>). Me rrjetet enterprise, sigurisht, situata \u00ebsht\u00eb paksa ndryshe. <\/p>\n<p>Imazhi me p\u00ebrqendrim n\u00eb rrjet:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7b7dabc6d9f3b87c598346bf9195d568.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Underlay<\/h1>\n<p>\nUnderlay \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjeti fizik: switch-at dhe kabllot harduerike. Pajisjet n\u00eb underlay din\u00eb si t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb te makinat fizike.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/776a77a3821fe79a7323947e0bdf67e8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAi mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb protokollet dhe teknologjit\u00eb standarde. Jo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb fundit sepse pajisjet harduerike deri m\u00eb sot punojn\u00eb me softuer t\u00eb pronarit, i cili nuk lejon as programimin e chip-it, as implementimin e protokolleve t\u00eb veta, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, nevojitet p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebri me ofruesit e tjer\u00eb dhe standardizim.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Por ndonj\u00eb dikush si Google mund t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb zhvillimin e switch-eve t\u00eb veta dhe heqjen dor\u00eb nga protokollet e zakonshme. Por LAN_DC nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Google.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Underlay relativisht rrall\u00eb ndryshohet, sepse detyra e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebria baz\u00eb IP midis makinave fizike. Underlay nuk di asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet, klient\u00ebt, tenant\u00ebt q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb mbi t\u00eb \u2014 ai ka vet\u00ebm nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb paket\u00ebn nga nj\u00eb makin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<br \/>\nUnderlay mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, si kjo: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPv4+OSPF<\/li>\n<li>IPv6+ISIS+BGP+L3VPN<\/li>\n<li>L2+TRILL<\/li>\n<li>L2+STP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Underlay&#8217;\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: CLI\/GUI\/NETCONF.<\/p>\n<p>Dora dor\u00ebs, me skripte, me mjete pronar\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb artikull m\u00eb i detajuar p\u00ebr Underlay do t\u00eb publikohet n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Overlay<\/h1>\n<p>\nOverlay \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet virtual tunelesh, i tendosur mbi Underlay, i cili lejon q\u00eb VM-t\u00eb e nj\u00eb klienti t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb mes tyre, duke siguruar k\u00ebshtu izolim nga klient\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e klientit inkapulohen n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb tituj tunelimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar p\u00ebrmes rrjetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3060bc4913c55c21b785083fbe0b603b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebshtu VM-t\u00eb e nj\u00eb klienti (t\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi) mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb mes tyre p\u00ebrmes Overlay, madje pa dyshuar se \u00e7far\u00eb rruge kalon paketa n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>Overlay mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, si\u00e7 e p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb lart:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GRE-tunel<\/li>\n<li>VXLAN<\/li>\n<li>EVPN<\/li>\n<li>L3VPN<\/li>\n<li>GENEVE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOverlay&#8217;\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440. \u0421 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, Control Plane \u0438 Data Plane \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0427\u0443\u0442\u044c <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#TF\">m\u00eb posht\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> do t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me shembuj.<\/p>\n<p><b>Po, \u00ebsht\u00eb SDN n\u00eb form\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr. <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ekzistojn\u00eb dy qasje t\u00eb ndryshme thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr organizimin e rrjetit Overlay:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Overlay \u0441 ToR&#8217;a<\/li>\n<li>Overlay nga hosti<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Overlay \u0441 ToR&#8217;a<\/h2>\n<p>\nOverlay mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb n\u00eb switch-in e aksesit (ToR), q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb raft, si\u00e7 ndodh, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rastin e fabrik\u00ebs VXLAN. <\/p>\n<p>Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm q\u00eb e ka provuar koha n\u00eb rrjetet ISP dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit e pajisjeve rrjetike e mb\u00ebshtesin at\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, switch-i ToR duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb separoj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, dhe administratori i rrjetit duhet t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar me administrator\u00ebt e makinave virtuale dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ndryshime (edhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb automatike) n\u00eb konfigurimin e pajisjeve.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9a5fe4d4a0cbb7e5c3bbac82527c6a6a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebtu do ta referoj lexuesin n\u00eb artikullin mbi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/344326\/\">VXLAN n\u00eb Habr\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb mir\u00ebpriturit ton\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/bormoglotx\/\">@bormoglotx<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enog.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/presentations\/enog-16\/18-Scaleway-P14-fabric-ENOG16.pdf\">prezentim me ENOG<\/a><\/noindex> jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar me detaje qasjet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjetit DC me fabrik\u00ebn EVPN VXLAN. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zhytje m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb realitet, mund t\u00eb lexoni librin e Cisco-s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/dam\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/switches\/datacenter\/nexus9000\/sw\/vxlan_evpn\/VXLAN_EVPN.pdf\">A Modern, Open, and Scalable Fabric: VXLAN EVPN<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e VXLAN \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 ToR&#8217;\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 OpenStack&#8217;\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, VXLAN-\u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 overlay \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 ToR&#8217;\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Overlay nga hosti<\/h2>\n<p>\nQasje tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb fillohet dhe t\u00eb terminohen tunelet n\u00eb hostet p\u00ebrfundimtar\u00eb.<br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, rrjeti (Underlay) mbetet maksimalisht i thjesht\u00eb dhe statik.<br \/>\nDhe hosti b\u00ebn t\u00eb gjitha inkapsulimet e nevojshme.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c9c2971369d1b3e5f026d6844afeb67f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb nevojitet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutohet nj\u00eb aplikacion i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb hostet, por ia vlen. <\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb pari, e \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb nis\u00ebsh klientin n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb linux, ose, th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur \u2014 nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb nj\u00eb switch, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim zgjidhje SDN proprietar, q\u00eb e vret iden\u00eb e multi-operator\u00ebve.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e-\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445, ToR-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Control Plane&#8217;\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 Data Plane&#8217;\u0430. \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u2014 \u0441 SDN-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\/ARP&#8217;\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\/\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\nN\u00eb serin\u00eb ADSM, un\u00eb zgjedh qasjen e overlay nga hosti \u2014 m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb flasim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb dhe nuk do t\u00eb kthehemi m\u00eb te fabrika VXLAN.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u0418 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0451\u043c OpenSource&#8217;\u043d\u0443\u044e SDN \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 OpenContrail, \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tungsten.io\">Tungsten Fabric<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> N\u00eb fund t\u00eb artikullit do t\u00eb jap disa mendime mbi analogjin\u00eb me OpenFlow dhe OpenvSwitch.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>N\u00eb shembullin e Tungsten Fabric<\/h2>\n<p>\nN\u00eb \u00e7do makin\u00eb fizike ka <b>vRouter<\/b> \u2014 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u2014 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u2014 PE-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 VRF). \u0418 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e vRouter \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 Overlay&#8217;\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>Pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb rreth vRouter-it \u2014 n\u00eb fund t\u00eb artikullit.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0412\u041c, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TUN\/TAP\">TAP-interfac\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b>TAP<\/b> \u2014 Terminal Access Point \u2014 nj\u00eb interfaz virtual n\u00eb kernelin linux, e cila lejon nd\u00ebrveprimin rrjetor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a6fa1b4370ba4e787303ae647a28f5ed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u2014 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<br \/>\nT\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetet e nj\u00eb klienti vendosen n\u00eb nj\u00eb <b>VRF<\/b> (nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb), t\u00eb ndryshmet \u2014 n\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme.<br \/>\n<i>Do t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb sqarim k\u00ebtu, se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka kaq e thjesht\u00eb, dhe do t'i d\u00ebrgoj lexuesit kurioz n\u00eb fund t\u00eb artikullit.<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b vRouter&#8217;\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0412\u041c, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <b>kontrollorit SDN<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/sdn-controller.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8b133e10582dbde9c0670ad98c1840de.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme, ekziston nj\u00eb pik\u00eb dal\u00ebse nga matrica \u2014 porta virtuale e rrjetit <b>VNGW<\/b> \u2014 Virtual Network GateWay (<i>termi im<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/vngw.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9ac4d084d9b58b7ed1bc2c0ed6d06059.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\nTani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb shembuj komunikimesh \u2014 dhe do t\u00eb qart\u00ebsohet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Komunikimi brenda nj\u00eb makine fizike<\/h3>\n<p>\nVM0 d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb n\u00eb VM2. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se k\u00ebto jan\u00eb VM-t\u00eb e klientit t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h4>Data Plane<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>VM-0 ka nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr default n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e tij eth0. Paketa d\u00ebrgohet atje.<br \/>\n Kjo nd\u00ebrfaqe eth0 n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb virtualisht e lidhur me virtualizuesin vRouter p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes TAP tap0.<\/li>\n<li>vRouter analizojn\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebn nd\u00ebrfaqe ka mb\u00ebrritur paketa, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, n\u00eb cilin klient (VRF) i p\u00ebrket, duke krahasuar adres\u00ebn e marr\u00ebsit me tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij klienti.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c, vRouter \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0430 vRouter&#8217;\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c ARP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a42da3f48a3f538eb92c1908d9d66921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 vRouter&#8217;\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Control Plane<\/h4>\n<p>\nHipervizori kur aktivizon makin\u00ebn virtuale i raporton asaj:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adresa e saj IP.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u2014 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 vRouter&#8217;\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nvRouter&#8217;\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 API \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb krijohet si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe virtuale.<\/li>\n<li>Cila Rrjet Virtual duhet t\u00eb krijohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb (VM).<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb cilin VRF duhet t\u00eb lidhet (VN).<\/li>\n<li>Nj\u00eb regjistrim statik ARP p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb VM - pas cil\u00ebs nd\u00ebrfaqe ndodhet adresa e saj IP dhe cilit MAC adres\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p> Dhe s\u00ebrish, procedura reale e nd\u00ebrveprimit \u00ebsht\u00eb thjeshtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar kuptimin e konceptit.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/593d7ad41782e882a88732b475bf91cb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK\u00ebshtu, t\u00eb gjitha VM-t\u00eb e nj\u00eb klienti n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb makin\u00eb vRouter-i i shohin si rrjete t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb lidhura dhe mund t\u00eb ruterizojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet tyre vet\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 VM0 \u0438 VM1 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 vRouter&#8217;\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb komunikonin direkt me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, varet nga konfigurimet e vRouter-it dhe dizajni i rrjetit.<br \/>\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u041c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 NAT \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c vRouter&#8217;\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 vRouter.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rastin tjet\u00ebr, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave adresore - duhet t\u00eb kalosh p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb serveri NAT p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb publike - kjo i ngjan daljes n\u00eb rrjetet e jashtme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>Komunikimi midis VM-ve q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb makina t\u00eb ndryshme fizike<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Data Plane<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb: VM-0 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb me adres\u00eb VM-7 (172.17.3.2) sipas default-it t\u00eb tij.<\/li>\n<li>vRouter e merr dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb sheh se adresati ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i qassh\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes tunelit Tunnel0.<\/li>\n<li>Fillimisht vendos nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb MPLS, e cila identifikon nd\u00ebrfaqen e larg\u00ebt, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e kund\u00ebrt vRouter t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb se ku t\u00eb vendos\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb paket\u00eb pa nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr rrethime t\u00eb tjera.\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/inter-hv-dp.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1e159049376e2bf458b8c6cb5878cc17.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex>\n <\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr Tunnel0 burimi \u00ebsht\u00eb 10.0.0.2, marr\u00ebsi: 10.0.1.2.<br \/>\n vRouter shton titujt GRE (ose UDP) dhe nj\u00eb IP t\u00eb re n\u00eb paket\u00ebn origjinale.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e router-it vRouter ka nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb default p\u00ebrmes adres\u00ebs ToR1 10.0.0.1. Atje e d\u00ebrgon.\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8cb98a8ec43d202259acf6a1fcaeb3ee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n \n <\/li>\n<li>ToR1 si pjes\u00ebtar i rrjetit Underlay di (p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmes OSPF), si t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 10.0.1.2, dhe d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs. Vini re se k\u00ebtu aktivizohet ECMP. N\u00eb ilustimin jan\u00eb dy next hop, dhe flukset e ndryshme do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb to sipas hash-it. N\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb fabrike reale, k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4 next hop.\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb dij\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhet n\u00ebn titullin e jasht\u00ebm IP. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, faktikisht n\u00ebn IP mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sandui\u00e7 IPv6 mbi MPLS mbi Ethernet mbi MPLS mbi GRE mbi mbi mbi Grek.<\/li>\n<li>Prandaj, n\u00eb an\u00ebn pranuese, vRouter-i heq GRE dhe me etiket\u00ebn MPLS kupton n\u00eb cilin nd\u00ebrfaqe ky paket duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet, e ndan dhe e d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb form\u00ebn e tij fillestare te marr\u00ebsi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Control Plane<\/h4>\n<p>\nKur makineria nis, ndodhin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gj\u00ebra si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrshkruan m\u00eb sip\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u00ebr \u00e7do klient, vRouter-i alokon nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb MPLS. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi L3VPN, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn klient\u00ebt do t\u00eb ndahen brenda nj\u00eb makine fizike.<br \/>\n<blockquote><p> \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 MPLS-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a. \n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>vRouter-i krijon nj\u00eb lidhje me SDN-kontrollerin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet protokollit BGP (ose ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme \u2014 n\u00eb rastin TF, \u00ebsht\u00eb XMPP 0_o).<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj seance, vRouter-i i njofton SDN-kontrollerit rrug\u00ebt drejt rrjeteve t\u00eb lidhura:\n<ul>\n<li>Adresa e rrjetit<\/li>\n<li>Metoda e inkapsulimit (MPLSoGRE, MPLSoUDP, VXLAN)<\/li>\n<li>Etiketa MPLS e klientit<\/li>\n<li>IP adresa e tij si nexthop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n <\/li>\n<li>SDN-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c. \u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 Route Reflector&#8217;\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nE nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb ndodh edhe n\u00eb drejtimin e kund\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/inter-hv-cp.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/feef9181133f3a50a5cb21aa7ba16dc0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrgjigjja mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb \u00e7do minut\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu ndodh n\u00eb reja publike, kur klient\u00ebt aktivizojn\u00eb dhe \u00e7aktivizojn\u00eb vazhdimisht makinat e tyre virtuale.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrolluesi kryesor merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb me mbajtjen e konfiguracionit dhe kontrollin e tabelave t\u00eb kalimeve\/rutave n\u00eb vRouter.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 vRouter&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e BGP (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. BGP, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 Address-Family \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4023\">MPLS-in-GRE<\/a><\/noindex> ose <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7510\">MPLS-in-UDP<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Kjo nuk ndryshon asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konfigurimin e Underlay-rese, e cila, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, automatizohet shum\u00eb m\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa prishja e saj mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb me nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme.<\/p>\n<h3>Dalja n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme<\/h3>\n<p>\nNj\u00ebher\u00eb simulimi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb, dhe nga bota virtuale duhet t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb reale. Dhe na nevojitet nj\u00eb portal p\u00ebrkufizues.<\/p>\n<p>Praktikohen dy qasje:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Instalohet nj\u00eb ruter harduerik.<\/li>\n<li>Nis nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb caktuar q\u00eb realizon funksionet e ruterit (po, pas SDN ne gjithashtu u p\u00ebrball\u00ebm me VNF). Ta quajm\u00eb at\u00eb portal virtual.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p> Avantazhi i qasjes s\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla e ul\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit horizontal - \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb VM tjet\u00ebr me nj\u00eb kalues. N\u00eb \u00e7do makin\u00eb fizike, pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar dole negativ, nj\u00ebsit\u00eb, energjin\u00eb e daljes, p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb harduerin, p\u00ebr ta transportuar, instaluar, lidhur, konfiguruar dhe pastaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar komponent\u00ebt e prishur.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, disavantazhet e kaluesit virtual \u00ebsht\u00eb se nj\u00ebsi e router-it fizik \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e fuqishme se nj\u00eb VM me shum\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, dhe softi i tij, i optimizuar p\u00ebr harduerin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, funksionon ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb stabilisht (<i>jo<\/i>). \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mohosh faktin se kompleksiteti softuerik-hardware thjesht funksionon, duke k\u00ebrkuar vet\u00ebm konfigurim, nd\u00ebrsa fillimi dhe mbajtja e kaluesit virtual \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb p\u00ebr inxhinier\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Me nj\u00ebrin nga k\u00ebmb\u00ebt e tij, kaluesi shikon n\u00eb rrjetin virtual Overlay, si nj\u00eb VM e zakonshme, dhe mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveproj\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha VM-t\u00eb e tjera. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ajo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb rrjetet e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb klient\u00ebve dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe shp\u00ebrndarjen midis tyre.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebmb\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, gateway-i tashm\u00eb shikon p\u00ebr n\u00eb rrjetin kryesor dhe di se si t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb Internet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/552fa0428ff8dd3aed76091a86a72109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Data Plane<\/h4>\n<p>\nPra, procesi duket k\u00ebshtu: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>VM-0, duke pasur si defolt t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vRouter, d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb me adres\u00eb destinacioni n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme (185.147.83.177) n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen eth0.<\/li>\n<li>vRouter merr k\u00ebt\u00eb paket\u00eb dhe b\u00ebn nj\u00eb lookup t\u00eb adres\u00ebs s\u00eb destinacionit n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebve \u2014 gjen rrug\u00ebn e defoltit p\u00ebrmes gateway-it VNGW1 p\u00ebrmes Tunnel 1. <br \/>\n Ai gjithashtu sheh se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tunel GRE me SIP 10.0.0.2 dhe DIP 10.0.255.2, dhe gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb s\u00eb pari etiket\u00ebn MPLS p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb klient, e cila pritet nga VNGW1.\n <\/li>\n<li>vRouter paketalon paket\u00ebn fillestare n\u00eb titujt MPLS, GRE dhe nj\u00eb IP t\u00eb re dhe e d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb adres\u00ebn ToR1 10.0.0.1 si defolt.<\/li>\n<li>Rrjeti n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrtues e d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn deri te gateway-i VNGW1.<\/li>\n<li>Gateway-i VNGW1 heq titujt e tunneling GRE dhe MPLS, sheh adres\u00ebn e destinacionit, konsultohet me tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve dhe kupton se \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar p\u00ebr n\u00eb Internet \u2014 dmth p\u00ebrmes Full View ose Default. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, kryen NAT translation.<\/li>\n<li>Nga VNGW deri te borderi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet IP standard, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur.<br \/>\n Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet klasik MPLS (IGP+LDP\/RSVP TE), mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb prapasken\u00eb me BGP LU ose nj\u00eb tunel GRE nga VNGW deri te borderi p\u00ebrmes rrjetit IP.<br \/>\n N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, VNGW1 kryen inkapsulimet e nevojshme dhe d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn fillestare drejt kufirit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/outside-dp.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a66e490c75f8220349398af814d4ebf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Trafiku n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr kalon t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat hapat n\u00eb rendin e kund\u00ebrt. <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kufiri e d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn deri n\u00eb VNGW1.<\/li>\n<li>Ai e k\u00ebrkon, shikon adres\u00ebn e marr\u00ebsit dhe sheh se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e aksesueshme p\u00ebrmes tunelit Tunnel1 (MPLSoGRE ose MPLSoUDP).<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, ai i shton etiket\u00ebn MPLS, titullin GRE\/UDP dhe nj\u00eb IP t\u00eb re dhe e d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb ToR3 t\u00eb tij 10.0.255.1.<br \/>\n \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f \u2014 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 vRouter&#8217;\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0412\u041c \u2014 10.0.0.2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e vRouter&#8217;\u0430. <\/li>\n<li>VRouter-i i synuar heq GRE\/UDP, p\u00ebrcakton interface-in sipas etiket\u00ebs MPLS dhe d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn IP t\u00eb past\u00ebr n\u00eb TAP-in e tij, i lidhur me eth0 t\u00eb VM-s\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/outside-dp-reverse.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ba6748694a822fc04f4e872658d1fbbb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Control Plane<\/h4>\n<p>\nVNGW1 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 BGP-\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 SDN-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445: \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c (vRouter&#8217;\u043e\u043c) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 MPLS-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c SDN-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 nexthop&#8217;\u0430. \u0410 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 vRouter&#8217;\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb VNGW zakonisht ndodh agregimi i rrug\u00ebve ose NAT-translacioni.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Route Reflector&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0410 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 Full-View, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0451.<\/p>\n<p>Sa i p\u00ebrket inkapsulimit dhe shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb trafikut, VNGW nuk ndryshon nga vRouter. <br \/>\n\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u043a VNGW \u0438 vRouter&#8217;\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430, IPS \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f VRF \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Service Chaining&#8217;\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0442 SDN-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 Route-Reflector&#8217;\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 VNGW, vRouter&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>Por faktikisht, kontrolluesi shp\u00ebrndan gjithashtu informacion mbi ACL dhe PBR (Routing i Bazuar n\u00eb Politika), duke e detyruar flukset e ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin ndryshe nga sa i thot\u00eb ruga.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.linkmeup.ru\/images\/adsm\/1\/outside-cp.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Automatizimi p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit. Pjesa e par\u00eb (e cila vjen pas zeroes). Virtualizimi i rrjetit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dbba5a93d64edf56dc9c2b82311c5a11.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>FAQ<\/h1>\n<p><b>Pse vazhdimisht b\u00ebn at\u00eb v\u00ebrejtje p\u00ebr GRE\/UDP?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Epo, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, mund t\u00eb thuhet se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb specifike p\u00ebr Tungsten Fabric \u2014 mund ta injoroni krejt\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c TF, \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 OpenContrail&#8217;\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: MPLS in GRE \u0438 MPLS in UDP. <\/p>\n<p>UDP \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00eb sepse n\u00eb Portin e Burimit n\u00eb kok\u00ebn e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb kodosh nj\u00eb funksion hash nga IP+Proto+Port fillestar, q\u00eb do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb balancimin. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rastin e GRE, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, ka vet\u00ebm kokat e jashtme IP dhe GRE, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafikun e inkapsuluar dhe nuk flasim p\u00ebr balancimin \u2014 pak kush mund t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb kaq thell\u00eb brenda paket\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, routerat, n\u00ebse dinin p\u00ebr tunelat dinamik\u00eb, e b\u00ebnin at\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb MPLSoGRE, dhe vet\u00ebm s\u00eb fundmi, arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebr MPLSoUDP. Prandaj, gjithmon\u00eb duhet t\u00eb theksohet mund\u00ebsia e dy inkapsulimeve t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb themi se TF p\u00ebrfshin edhe lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb L2 me ndihm\u00ebn e VXLAN.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Ti premtove se do t\u00eb b\u00ebsh paralelizma me OpenFlow.<\/b><br \/>\n\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. vSwitch \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 OpenStack&#8217;\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f VXLAN, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 UDP-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 Data Plane \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Control Plane. Tungsten Fabric \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 XMPP \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 vRouter, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 OpenStack&#8217;\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Openflow.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>A mund t\u00eb tregosh pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr vRouter?<\/b><br \/>\nAi ndahet n\u00eb dy pjes\u00eb: vRouter Agent dhe vRouter Forwarder.<\/p>\n<p>E para derisa n\u00eb User Space t\u00eb sistemit operativ t\u00eb hostit dhe komunikon me SDN-n\u00eb kontrollere, duke shk\u00ebmbyer informacion n\u00eb lidhje me rrug\u00ebt, VRF dhe ACL.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 Data Plane \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 Kernel Space, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430 SmartNIC&#8217;\u0430\u0445 \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441 CPU \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0441 CPU \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439. <\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb skenar tjet\u00ebr i mundsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb kur vRouter \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacion DPDK n\u00eb User Space. <\/p>\n<p>Agjenti vRouter transmeton konfigurimet n\u00eb vRouter Forwarder.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Rrethi Virtual?<\/b><br \/>\nKam p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb artikullit p\u00ebr VRF, se \u00e7do tenant lidhet me VRF-n\u00eb e tij. Dhe n\u00ebse p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb rrjetit overlay kjo mjaftonte, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb iteracionin e ardhsh\u00ebm duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb sqarime.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c Virtual Network (\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c) \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\/\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\/\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u2014 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u044c. \u0410 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 Virtual Network \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442, \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Service Chaining, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430\u044f Virtual Network&#8217;\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>Prandaj, nuk ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet Virtual Network dhe tenantit.<\/p>\n<h1>P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h1>\n<p>\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim mjaft i sip\u00ebrfaqsh\u00ebm i funksionit t\u00eb rrjetit virtual me overlay nga hosti dhe SDN-kontrolluesi. Por pavar\u00ebsisht se cila platform\u00eb virtualizimi merrni sot, ajo do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, qoft\u00eb VMWare, ACI, OpenStack, CloudStack, Tungsten Fabric ose Juniper Contrail. Ato do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb llojet e inkapsulimeve dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebshillave, protokollet e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb pajisjet p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb rrjetit, por parimi i rrjetit t\u00eb overlay-it t\u00eb programuar mbetet i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, duke funksionuar mbi nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb anshtesh\u00ebm relativisht t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe statik.<br \/>\nNj\u00eb gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet me siguri: domeni i krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb cloud-i privat, me baz\u00eb n\u00eb SDN dhe rrjetin e mb\u00ebshtjelljes, ka dominuar sot. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb Openflow nuk ka vend n\u00eb bot\u00ebn bashk\u00ebkohore \u2014 p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb OpenStack dhe n\u00eb VMWare NSX, si\u00e7 di un\u00eb, Google e p\u00ebrdor at\u00eb p\u00ebr konfigurimin e rrjetit n\u00ebn mb\u00ebshtjellje.<\/p>\n<p>Pak m\u00eb posht\u00eb kam p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb lidhje p\u00ebr materialet m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuara, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb studiosh \u00e7\u00ebshtjen m\u00eb thell\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c7far\u00eb ndodh me Underlay-n ton\u00eb? <\/p>\n<p>\u0410 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u044f \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0438 ARP&#8217;\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f vRouter\/VNGW \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>Le t\u00eb formulim nj\u00eb list\u00eb k\u00ebrkesash p\u00ebr rrjetin Underlay.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll rrug\u00ebzimi, n\u00eb situat\u00ebn ton\u00eb \u2014 BGP.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb bandwidth t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, preferohet pa p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos humbur paketa p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngarkesave.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb ECMP \u2014 nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandashme e fabrik\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb QoS, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb komplikuara, si ECN.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb NETCONF \u2014 nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nKam b\u00ebra pak koh\u00eb rreth funksionimit t\u00eb rrjetit Underlay. Kjo ndodh sepse m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seri do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohem pik\u00ebrisht aty, nd\u00ebrsa Overlay do ta prekim vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet.<\/p>\n<p>Duket qart\u00eb se po kufizoj shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne, duke p\u00ebrdorur si shembull rrjetin DC t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn e Kloz\u00ebs me IP-routing t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe overlay nga hosti.<\/p>\n<p>Megjithat\u00eb, jam i sigurt se cilido rrjet me dizajn mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet n\u00eb terma formal dhe t\u00eb automatizohet. Thjesht, k\u00ebtu po k\u00ebrkoj t\u00eb kuptoj qasjet ndaj automatizimit, e jo t\u00eb ngaterroj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duke zgjidhur problemin n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ADSM-s\u00eb, ne dhe Romani Gorge planifikojm\u00eb t\u00eb publikojm\u00eb nj\u00eb episod t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb mbi virtualizimin e fuqis\u00eb t\u00eb llogaritjes dhe nd\u00ebrveprimin e saj me virtualizimin e rrjetit. Q\u00ebndroni n\u00eb kontakt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Linqe t\u00eb dobishme<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tungstenfabric.github.io\/website\/\">Arkitektura e Tungsten Fabric<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Kr6WIYPts8I?t=3157\">about:cloud<\/a><\/noindex>. 6 or\u00eb rreth Yandex.Cloud, ku p\u00ebrfshihet edhe rrjeti virtual n\u00eb TF.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.openvswitch.org\/en\/latest\/intro\/what-is-ovs\/\">\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Open vSwitch?<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/344326\/\">Hyrje n\u00eb VxLAN<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7348\">RFC 7348. Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): Nj\u00eb Korniz\u00eb p\u00ebr Shtresimin e Rrjeteve Virtuale t\u00eb Shtres\u00ebs 2 mbi Rrjetet e Shtres\u00ebs 3.<br \/>\n <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enog.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/presentations\/enog-16\/18-Scaleway-P14-fabric-ENOG16.pdf\">Qasja e Scaleway p\u00ebr VXLAN EVPN Fabric<\/a><\/noindex>. K\u00ebtu flitet p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb rrjetin DC, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Underlay, Overlay, qasjet p\u00ebr multi-homing dhe menaxhimin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h5>Faleminderit<\/h5>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex>Romani Gorge<\/noindex> \u2014 ish-ekspert mbi platformat cloud. Faleminderit p\u00ebr komentet dhe rregullimet. Po presim s\u00eb shpejti nj\u00eb artikull m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluar prej tij mbi virtualizimin.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alexander-shalimov.com\">Aleksand\u00ebr Shalimov<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 koleg\u00eb i imi dhe ekspert n\u00eb zhvillimin e rrjeteve virtuale. Faleminderit p\u00ebr komentet dhe rregullimet.<\/li>\n<li><noindex>Valentin Sinitsyn<\/noindex> \u2014 koleg\u00eb i imi dhe ekspert mbi Tungsten Fabric. Faleminderit p\u00ebr komentet dhe rregullimet.<\/li>\n<li><noindex>Artyom Chernobay<\/noindex> \u2014 ilustrues p\u00ebr linkmeup. Faleminderit p\u00ebr KDPV.<\/li>\n<li>Aleksand\u00ebr Limonov. Faleminderit p\u00ebr memin 'automato'.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/458622\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c. \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0431\u043b\u044c, \u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 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Kjo korniz\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebrcakton rendin n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/avtomatizatsiya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-pervaya-kotoraya-posle-nulevoj-virtualizatsiya-seti","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f (\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439). \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 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