{"id":35993,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:01","slug":"kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Kush jan\u00eb eidetic\u00ebt, si funksionojn\u00eb kujtimet e rreme, dhe tre mite t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr kujtes\u00ebn","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Memoria \u2014 nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e trurit<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe pavar\u00ebsisht se \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar prej nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb ide t\u00eb gabuara \u2014 ose, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, jo krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb sakta n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr disa nga m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurat prej tyre, si dhe p\u00ebr shkakun se pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, \u00e7far\u00eb na b\u00ebn t\u00eb \"vjedhim\" memorien e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve dhe si ndikojn\u00eb kujtimet e rreme n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>Foto Ben White<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

Memoria fotografike \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"mbajtur gjith\u00e7ka n\u00eb mend\"<\/h2>\n

\nMemoria fotografike \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrimi se nj\u00eb person n\u00eb \u00e7do moment mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj \"snapshoti\" momental t\u00eb realitetit p\u00ebrreth dhe, pas nj\u00eb periudhe, ta \"nxjerr\u00eb\" at\u00eb nga thell\u00ebsit\u00eb e mendjes pa d\u00ebmtim. N\u00eb thelb, ky mit bazohet n\u00eb (po ashtu t\u00eb gabuarin) p\u00ebrfytyrim se memoria njer\u00ebzore regjistron vazhdimisht gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb sheh p\u00ebrreth. Ky mit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe i gjall\u00eb n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn moderne \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, ky proces i \"regjistrimit mnemonik\" e \u00e7oi n\u00eb krijimin e famshme kaset\u00ebs s\u00eb mallkuar nga seria e romaneve t\u00eb K\u014dji Suzuki \"Z\u00ebri\".<\/p>\n

N\u00eb universin e \"Z\u00ebrit\" ndoshta kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb reale \u2014 megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb realitetin ton\u00eb, ekzistenca e memoris\u00eb \"100%\" fotografike p\u00ebr momentin nuk konfirmohet n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Memoria \u00ebsht\u00eb ngusht\u00eb e lidhur me p\u00ebrpunimin krijues dhe kuptimin e informacionit, dhe vet\u00ebdija dhe vet\u00eb identifikimi kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb kujtimet tona.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e shohin me skepticiz\u00ebm deklaratat se nj\u00eb person i caktuar mund t\u00eb \"regjistroj\u00eb\" ose \"fotografis\u00eb\" mekanikisht realitetin. Shpesh pas k\u00ebtyre jan\u00eb trajnime disa or\u00ebsh dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i teknikave mnemonike. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, rasti i par\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb i \"memoris\u00eb\" fotografike \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e Charles Stromeyer III. N\u00eb vitin 1970, ai publikoi n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Nature nj\u00eb material mbi nj\u00eb Elizabeth, nj\u00eb studente t\u00eb Harvardit, e cila mund t\u00eb memorizonte faqet e poezi nga nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e panjohur me nj\u00eb shikim. Dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2014 duke shikuar me nj\u00eb sy nj\u00eb imazh nga 10,000 pika rast\u00ebsore, dhe dit\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr me syrin tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, ajo arriti t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb t\u00eb dy skicat n\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebn e saj dhe t\u00eb \"shihte\" nj\u00eb auto-stereogram t\u00eb volumit.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht, pronar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb me memorie t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme nuk arrit\u00ebn ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisin suksesin e saj. Elizabeth vet\u00eb gjithashtu nuk e kaloi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri testin \u2014 dhe pas nj\u00eb kohe, u martua me Stromer, \u00e7ka forcoi skepticizmin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve n\u00eb lidhje me \"zbulimin\" e tij dhe motivet e tij.<\/p>\n

Miti m\u00eb i af\u00ebrt me memorjen fotografike eidetik\u00eb<\/b> \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur dhe rikthyer p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me detaje imazhet vizuale (dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe ato shijore, ndijore, d\u00ebgjimore e er\u00ebrore). Paskajshm\u00ebria e eidetik\u00ebve p\u00ebrfshin, sipas disa d\u00ebshmive, Tesla, Reagan dhe Aivazovsky, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn masive jan\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb njohura figurat e eidetik\u00ebve \u2014 nga Lisbeth Salander te Dr. Strange. Megjithat\u00eb, memoria e eidetik\u00ebve gjithashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mekanike \u2014 as ata nuk mund \"t\u00eb rrokullisin regjistrimin\" n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb caktuar dhe ta rishikojn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka s\u00ebrish, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha detajet. Eidetik\u00ebt, si dhe njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur mend, kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr angazhim emocional, kuptim t\u00eb subjektit, interes p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh \u2014 dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, memorie e tyre mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb apo t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb detajet t\u00eb caktuara.<\/p>\n

Amnezia \u00ebsht\u00eb humbja e plot\u00eb e memories<\/h2>\n

\nKy mit gjithashtu ushqehet nga tregimet e kultur\u00ebs pop \u2014 hero i viktim\u00ebs s\u00eb amnezis\u00eb zakonisht, si rezultat i nj\u00eb incidenti, humb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gjitha kujtimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij, por ndryshe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb lirsh\u00ebm me ata p\u00ebrreth dhe p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht kupton mir\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, amnezia mund t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe ajo q\u00eb u p\u00ebrshkrua m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak m\u00eb e zakonshmja.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\nFoto Stefano Pollio<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb amnezin\u00eb retrograde, pacienti mund t\u00eb mos kujtoj\u00eb ngjarjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur para trauma ose s\u00ebmundjes, por zakonisht e ruan kujtes\u00ebn p\u00ebr informacionin autobiografik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe rinllindjen. N\u00eb rastin e amnezin\u00eb anterograde, viktima, p\u00ebrkundrazi, humbet aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur ngjarje t\u00eb reja, por megjithat\u00eb kujton se \u00e7far\u00eb i ka ndodhur para traum\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Situata kur heroja nuk mund t\u00eb kujtoj\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij mund t\u00eb lidhet me \u00e7rregullimin disociativ, p\u00ebr shembull, me gjendjen fug\u00eb disociative<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, personi v\u00ebrtet nuk mban mend asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr veten e tij dhe jet\u00ebn e kaluar, madje mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb biografi dhe em\u00ebr t\u00eb ri. Arsyet e k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb amnezis\u00eb zakonisht nuk jan\u00eb s\u00ebmundje ose l\u00ebndime t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, por ngjarje t\u00eb dhunshme ose stres i fort\u00eb \u2014 mir\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb k\u00ebto ndodhin m\u00eb rrall\u00eb sesa n\u00eb filma.<\/p>\n

Bota e jashtme nuk ndikon n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn ton\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr iluzion, i cili gjithashtu buron nga ideja se kujtesa jon\u00eb regjistron ngjarjet q\u00eb ndodhin me ne me sakt\u00ebsi dhe pa kontradikta. N\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb duket se k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb: na ndodhi nj\u00eb incident. Ne e mbajm\u00eb mend at\u00eb. Tani, kur na nevojitet, mund ta \"nxjerrim\" k\u00ebt\u00eb episod nga kujtesa jon\u00eb \u2014 dhe ta \"shfaqim\" at\u00eb si nj\u00eb videoklip.<\/p>\n

Ndoshta, kjo analogji \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme, megjithat\u00eb ka nj\u00eb \"por\": ndryshe nga filmi real, ky klip do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb gjat\u00eb \"shfaqjes\" \u2014 n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs ton\u00eb t\u00eb re, ambientit rrethues, gjendjes emocionale, karakterit t\u00eb biseduesve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr g\u00ebnjeshtra t\u00eb q\u00ebllimshme \u2014 personi q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend ndoshta mendon se \u00e7do her\u00eb po tregon t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn histori \u2014 ashtu si\u00e7 ndodhi n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb se kujtesa \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb konstrukt fiziologjik, por gjithashtu nj\u00eb konstrukt social. Kur kujtojm\u00eb dhe tregojm\u00eb disa episode nga jeta jon\u00eb, shpesh pa e kuptuar i korrigjojm\u00eb ato, duke marr\u00eb parasysh interesat e biseduesve. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, ne mund t\u00eb 'huazojm\u00eb' ose 'vjedhim' kujtime t\u00eb tjera \u2014 dhe kemi arritur t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lidhje me huazimin e kujtes\u00ebs jan\u00eb duke u marr\u00eb, midis t\u00eb tjerash, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Universitetit t\u00eb Metodist\u00ebve t\u00eb Jugut n\u00eb SHBA. N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga studimet e tyre studimet<\/a><\/noindex> u gjet se ky fenomen \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i p\u00ebrhapur \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e respondent\u00ebve (student\u00ebve t\u00eb kolegjit) sh\u00ebnjuan se ishin p\u00ebrballur me situat\u00ebn kur dikush nga njohurit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebrs\u00ebriti historit\u00eb e tyre personale nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i par\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, disa nga respondent\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb sigurt se ngjarjet e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura ishin ngjar\u00eb v\u00ebrtet me ta dhe nuk ishin 'd\u00ebgjuar'.<\/p>\n

Kujtimet mund t\u00eb huazohen, por edhe t\u00eb shpik\u00ebn \u2014 kjo quhet kujtes\u00eb false. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, njeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i sigurt se ka kujtuar sakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb ngjarje \u2014 zakonisht kjo lidhet me detaje t\u00eb vogla, nuanca ose fakte t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb kujtoni me siguri si u prezantua njohja juaj e re si Sergei, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb realitet emri i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb Stas. Ose 't\u00eb kujtoni absolutisht sakt\u00eb' si e vendos\u00ebt n\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb nj\u00eb ombrell\u00eb (nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb donit ta vendosnin, por e harruat).<\/p>\n

Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kujtesa false mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb aq e pad\u00ebmshme: nj\u00eb gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 't\u00eb kujtosh' se ke harruar t\u00eb ushqesh macen, dhe tjet\u00ebr gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb bindesh se ke kryer nj\u00eb krim dhe t\u00eb krijosh 'kujtime' t\u00eb detajuara p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur. Nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga Universiteti i Bedfordshire n\u00eb Angli po studiojn\u00eb kujtimet e tilla.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\nFoto Josh Hild<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga studimet e tij studimet<\/a><\/noindex> ata treguan se kujtimet e gabuara p\u00ebr nj\u00eb krim t\u00eb supozuar nuk ekzistojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2014 ato mund t\u00eb krijohen n\u00eb kushte eksperimentale t\u00eb kontrolluara. Pas tre seancash intervistash, 70% e participant\u00ebve n\u00eb studim 'pranuan' se kishin kryer nj\u00eb sulm apo vjedhje kur ishin adoleshent\u00eb dhe 'e kujtuan' n\u00eb detaje 'krimet' e tyre.<\/p>\n

Kujtimet false jan\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb relativisht e re interesi p\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i drejtohen jo vet\u00ebm neurobiolog\u00ebve dhe psikolog\u00ebve, por edhe kriminalist\u00ebve. Ky atribut i kujtes\u00ebs son\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb shpjegimin e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs si dhe p\u00ebrse njer\u00ebzit japin d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb gabuara dhe vet\u00eb-akuza \u2014 shpeshher\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ndonj\u00eb q\u00ebllim i keq.<\/p>\n

Kujtesa \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me imagjinat\u00ebn dhe nd\u00ebrveprimet sociale, ajo mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb, t\u00eb rikrijohet, t\u00eb vjedh\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb shpiket \u2014 ndoshta, faktet reale q\u00eb lidhen me kujtes\u00ebn ton\u00eb jan\u00eb po aq interesante, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00eb interesante, sesa mitet dhe keqkuptimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n

\nMateriale t\u00eb tjera nga blogu yn\u00eb:<\/b><\/p>\n