{"id":35993,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:01","slug":"kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kto-takie-ejdetiki-kak-rabotayut-lozhnye-vospominaniya-i-tri-populyarnyh-mifa-o-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Kush jan\u00eb eidetik\u00ebt, si funksionojn\u00eb kujtimet e rreme dhe tre mite t\u00eb njohura mbi memorien","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Memoria \u2014 aft\u00ebsia e mahnitshme e trurit<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar prej nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb ide t\u00eb gabuara \u2014 ose, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, jo plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb sakta p\u00ebr t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurat prej tyre, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se p\u00ebrse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb t\u00eb harrosh gjith\u00e7ka, \u00e7far\u00eb na shtyn t\u00eb \"vjedhim\" memorie t\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve dhe si ndikon p\u00ebrvoja e shpikur n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>Foto Ben White<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

Memoria fotografike \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"mbajtur gjith\u00e7ka mend\"<\/h2>\n

\nMemoria fotografike \u00ebsht\u00eb koncepti se njeriu n\u00eb \u00e7do moment mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj \"momental\" t\u00eb realitetit p\u00ebrreth dhe pas nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb caktuar ta \"k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb\" at\u00eb nga dhomat e mendjes pa d\u00ebmtime. N\u00eb thelb, ky mit bazohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ide (po ashtu t\u00eb gabuara) se memoria njer\u00ebzore regjistron vazhdimisht gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb njeriu sheh rreth tij. Ky mit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft rezistent dhe i gjall\u00eb n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn moderne \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, pik\u00ebrisht ky proces i \"regjistrimit mnemonik\" \u00e7oi n\u00eb shfaqjen e famshme t\u00eb kasetave t\u00eb mallkuara nga cikli i romaneve t\u00eb Koji Suzukit \"Zhurma\".<\/p>\n

N\u00eb universin e \u00abZvonka\u00bb, ndoshta kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur \u2014 megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb realitetin ton\u00eb, egzistenca e memories \u00ab100%\u00bb fotografike deri tani nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Memoria \u00ebsht\u00eb ngusht\u00eb e lidhur me p\u00ebrpunimin krijues dhe kuptimin e informacionit, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00ebdija dhe identifikimi personal ndikojn\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb kujtimet tona.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt jan\u00eb skeptik\u00eb ndaj pretendimeve se ndonj\u00eb person mund t\u00eb \u00abregjistroj\u00eb\u00bb ose \u00abfotografis\u00eb\u00bb realitetin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mekanike. Shpesh pas tyre fshihen trajnime t\u00eb gjata dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i teknikave mnemonike. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, rasti i par\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb p\u00ebr memorien \u00abfotografike\u00bb n\u00ebnshkruhet kritikave t\u00eb ashpra<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb historia e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Charles Stromeyer III. N\u00eb vitin 1970, ai publikoi n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Nature nj\u00eb material mbi nj\u00eb Elizabeth, nj\u00eb studente t\u00eb Harvardit, e cila kishte aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb memorizonte faqe poezie n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb panjohur me vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim. Madje, duke shikuar me nj\u00eb sy nj\u00eb imazh prej 10,000 pikash t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, dhe pastaj me syrin tjet\u00ebr nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm dit\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ajo ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb bashkonte t\u00eb dyja vizatimet n\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebn e saj dhe t\u00eb \"shihte\" nj\u00eb auto-stereogram tri-dimensional.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb memorie t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar nuk arrit\u00ebn dot t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisnin sukseset e saj. Vet\u00eb Elizabeth gjithashtu nuk e p\u00ebrs\u00ebriti testin \u2014 dhe pas disa koh\u00ebsh, ajo u martua me Stromeyer, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e forcoi skepticizmin e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve n\u00eb lidhje me \"zbulimin\" e tij dhe motivet e tij.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb af\u00ebr mitit t\u00eb memories fotografike eideticism<\/b> \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur dhe riprodhuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb imazhe vizuale (ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe shije, prekje, d\u00ebgjim dhe nuhatje) n\u00eb detaje. Disa d\u00ebshmi tregojn\u00eb se individ\u00eb si Tesla, Reagan dhe Aivazovsky kishin nj\u00eb memorie eidetik\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, dhe n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn masive shfaqen gjithashtu imazhe eidetik\u00ebsh \u2014 nga Lisbeth Salander deri te Doctor Strange. Megjithat\u00eb, memoria e eidetik\u00ebve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mekanike \u2014 as ata nuk mund t\u00eb 'kthejn\u00eb regjistrimin' n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka nga fillimi deri n\u00eb fund me t\u00eb gjitha detajet. Si t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, eidetik\u00ebve u nevojitet angazhim emocional, kuptim i subjektit dhe interes p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodh \u2014 dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, memoria e tyre mund t\u00eb harroj\u00eb ose t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb disa detaje.<\/p>\n

Amnezi \u00ebsht\u00eb humbja e plot\u00eb e memories.<\/h2>\n

\nKy\u00e7in e k\u00ebtij miti mb\u00ebshtetet gjithashtu nga ngjarje n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn popullore \u2014 hero i viktim\u00ebs me amnezi zakonisht p\u00ebson nj\u00eb incident dhe humbet plot\u00ebsisht kujtes\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij, por bisedon leht\u00ebsisht me t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi mendon mjaft mir\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, amnezia mund t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe ajo q\u00eb u p\u00ebrshkrua m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u2014 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak forma m\u00eb e zakonshme.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\nFoto Stefano Pollio<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb amnezin\u00eb retrograd, pacienti mund t\u00eb mos kujtoj\u00eb ngjarjet para traum\u00ebs ose s\u00ebmundjes, por zakonisht ruan kujtes\u00ebn p\u00ebr informacionin autobiografik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe adoleshenc\u00ebn. N\u00eb rastin e amnezis\u00eb anterograd, viktima, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, humb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur mend ngjarjet e reja, por, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kujton at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur me t\u00eb para traum\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Situata kur heroja nuk mund t\u00eb kujtoj\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tij, mund t\u00eb lidhet me nj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim disociativ, p\u00ebr shembull, gjendjen disociativ fugue<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, njeriu v\u00ebrtet nuk mban mend asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr veten e tij dhe jet\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb kaluar, madje, mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb biografi dhe em\u00ebr t\u00eb ri. Shkaku i k\u00ebtij lloj amnezie zakonisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje ose nj\u00eb traum\u00eb e rast\u00ebsishme, por ngjarje t\u00eb dhunshme ose stres t\u00eb fort\u00eb \u2014 mir\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb kjo ndodh \u00e7do her\u00eb e m\u00eb rrall\u00eb se n\u00eb filma.<\/p>\n

Bota e jashtme nuk ndikon n\u00eb memorjen ton\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ide e gabuar, e cila gjithashtu buron nga ideja se memorja jon\u00eb regjistron me sakt\u00ebsi dhe pa kontradikta ngjarjet q\u00eb ndodhin me ne. N\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb: nj\u00eb incident ka ndodhur me ne. E kemi mbajtur mend at\u00eb. Tani, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, ne mund t\u00eb 'nxjerrim' k\u00ebt\u00eb episod nga memorja jon\u00eb \u2014 dhe ta 'shfaqim' at\u00eb si nj\u00eb videoklip.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb analogji n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb ka nj\u00eb \"por\": ndryshe nga nj\u00eb film real, kjo video do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrsa \"luhet\" \u2014 n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb eksperienc\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb re, mjedisit, gjendjes psikologjike dhe karaktereve t\u00eb biseduesve. K\u00ebtu nuk flitet p\u00ebr g\u00ebnjeshtra t\u00eb q\u00ebllimshme \u2014 ai q\u00eb kujton mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypjen se gjithmon\u00eb po tregon t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn histori \u2014 ashtu si\u00e7 ka ndodhur n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb se kujtesa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb konstrukt jo vet\u00ebm fiziologjik, por edhe shoq\u00ebror. Nd\u00ebrsa kujtojm\u00eb dhe tregojm\u00eb disa episode nga jeta jon\u00eb, shpesh pa e kuptuar i koregujm\u00eb ato, duke marr\u00eb parasysh interesat e biseduesve. M\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mund t'i \"huazojm\u00eb\" ose \"vjedhim\" kujtimet e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve \u2014 dhe jemi p\u00ebrparuar mir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pyetjeve t\u00eb huazimit t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs u kushtojn\u00eb v\u00ebmendje, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Universitetit Metodist t\u00eb Jugut n\u00eb SHBA. N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga studimet e tyre t\u00eb hulumtimit<\/a><\/noindex> u zbulua se ky fenomen \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i zakonsh\u00ebm \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e respondent\u00ebve (student\u00eb t\u00eb kolegjeve) raportuan se kan\u00eb hasur n\u00eb situata ku dikush nga njohurit\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebrs\u00ebriti historit\u00eb e tyre personale n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, disa nga respondent\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb sigurt se ngjarjet e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn me ta dhe nuk ishin \"d\u00ebgjuar\".<\/p>\n

Kujtimet mund t\u00eb huazohen, por edhe t\u00eb krijohen \u2014 k\u00ebto quhen kujtime t\u00eb rreme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nj\u00eb person \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i sigurt se ka kujtuar sakt\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb caktuar \u2014 zakonisht kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me detaje t\u00eb vogla, nuanca ose fakte t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. P\u00ebr shembull, ju mund t\u00eb \"kujtoni\" me besim si u prezantua njohja juaj e re si Sergei, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb emri i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb Stas. Ose \"t\u00eb mbani mend me sakt\u00ebsi\" se si e vendos\u00ebt nj\u00eb \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c n\u00eb \u00e7ant\u00eb (p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, keni dashur ta vendosni, por jeni shqet\u00ebsuar).<\/p>\n

Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kujtesa false nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e pad\u00ebmshme: \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb \"kujtoj\" q\u00eb kam harruar t\u00eb ushqej macen, dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bindem se kam kryer nj\u00eb krim dhe t\u00eb krijoj \"kujtime\" t\u00eb detajuara p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur. Nj\u00eb grup shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga Universitete Bedfordshire n\u00eb Angli \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb studimin e k\u00ebtij lloji t\u00eb kujtesave.<\/p>\n

\"Kush
\nFoto Josh Hild<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga studimet e tij t\u00eb hulumtimit<\/a><\/noindex> ata treguan se kujtimet false p\u00ebr krime t\u00eb supozuara jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb \u2014 ato mund t\u00eb krijohen n\u00eb kushte eksperimentale t\u00eb kontrolluara. Pas tre seancave t\u00eb intervistave, 70% e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb studim \"pranuan\" se kishin kryer nj\u00eb sulm ose vjedhje kur ishin adoleshent\u00eb dhe \"kujtonin\" detaje mbi \"krimet\" e tyre.<\/p>\n

Kujtimet false jan\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb relativisht e re e interesit p\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, e cila merret jo vet\u00ebm me neurobiolog\u00ebt dhe psikolog\u00ebt, por edhe me kriminolog\u00ebt. Kjo ve\u00e7ori e kujtes\u00ebs son\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndri\u00e7oj\u00eb se si dhe pse njer\u00ebzit japin d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb gabuara dhe akuza ndaj vetvetes \u2014 larg nga \u00e7do her\u00eb si\u00e7 q\u00ebndron nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim i keq pas k\u00ebtyre veprimeve.<\/p>\n

Memoria \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me imagjinat\u00ebn dhe nd\u00ebrveprimet sociale; ajo mund t\u00eb humbet, t\u00eb rinovohet, t\u00eb vjedh\u00ebt e t\u00eb shpiket \u2014 ndoshta, faktet reale q\u00eb lidhin me memorien ton\u00eb, rezultojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb po aq interesante, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mitet dhe keqkuptimet rreth saj.<\/i><\/p>\n

\nMateriale t\u00eb tjera nga blogu yn\u00eb:<\/b><\/p>\n