{"id":36394,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","title":{"rendered":"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb rrjet mund t\u00eb gjenden shum\u00eb materiale rreth protokollit RSTP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, propozoj t\u00eb krahasoj protokollin RSTP me protokollin Proprietar t\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact <\/a><\/noindex>\u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Informacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs<\/i> \u2013 1-10 c<br \/>\n<i>Topology t\u00eb mundshme<\/i> \u2013 \u00e7do<\/p>\n<p>Ekziston nj\u00eb mendim i p\u00ebrhapur se RSTP lejon t\u00eb lidhen switch-et vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6cc708e397d6fbfd3d3ff0bd67dab9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPor RSTP lejon lidhjen e switch-eve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme. P\u00ebr shembull, me nj\u00eb topologji t\u00eb till\u00eb, RSTP do t'i p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f204b8915afaae5183a0be55c660385d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Parimi i funksionimit<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP e redukton \u00e7do topologji n\u00eb nj\u00eb pem\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nga switch-et b\u00ebhet qendra e topologjis\u00eb \u2013 switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. Switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb kalon p\u00ebrmes vetes m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/p>\n<p>Parimi i funksionimit t\u00eb RSTP \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>kalohet energji n\u00eb switch-e;<\/li>\n<li>zgjedhja e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>switch-et e tjera p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>kanalet e mbetura bllokohen dhe b\u00ebhen rezerv\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<i>Zgjedhja e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Switch-et me RSTP shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb paketa BPDU. BPDU \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban informacionin e RSTP. BPDU ka dy lloje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konfigurimi BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Njoftimi p\u00ebr Ndryshimin e Topologjis\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKonfigurimi BPDU p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e topologjis\u00eb. Ai d\u00ebrgohet vet\u00ebm nga switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor. Konfigurimi BPDU p\u00ebrmban:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identifikuesin e d\u00ebrguesit (Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifikuesin e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor (Root Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifikuesin e portit nga i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebrguar ky paket\u00eb (Port ID);<\/li>\n<li>koston e rrug\u00ebs deri te switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor (Root Path Cost).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNjoftimi p\u00ebr Ndryshimin e Topologjis\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nga \u00e7do switch. Ato d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Pas aktivizimit, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-et mendojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor\u00eb. Ata fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb paketa BPDU. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb switch merr BPDU me nj\u00eb Bridge ID m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl se i tij, ai ndalon s\u00eb konsideruari veten si rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n<p>ID-i i Bridge p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy vlera \u2013 adresa MAC dhe Prioriteti i Bridge. Adresa MAC nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohet. Prioriteti i Bridge \u00ebsht\u00eb 32768 si e zakonshme. N\u00ebse nuk ndryshoni Prioritetin e Bridge, at\u00ebher\u00eb switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ai me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Switch-i me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vjetri dhe ndoshta jo m\u00eb i fuqishmi. Rekomandohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni manualisht switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb duhet t\u00eb konfiguroni nj\u00eb Prioritet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl Bridge (p.sh., 0). Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni gjithashtu nj\u00eb switch rezerv\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb, duke i caktuar atij nj\u00eb Prioritet Bridge pak m\u00eb t\u00eb madh (p.sh., 4096).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f5142141d67a8d8704b8caa5c4f20109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Zgjedhja e rrug\u00ebs drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb drejton paketa BPDU n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portat aktive. BPDU ka nj\u00eb fush\u00eb Kostosh Rrug\u00eb. Kostosh Rrug\u00eb tregon koston e rrug\u00ebs. Sa m\u00eb e lart\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb kostoja e rrug\u00ebs, aq m\u00eb gjat\u00eb shk\u00ebmbehet paketa. Kur BPDU kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr nj\u00eb port, kostoja shtohet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn Kostosh Rrug\u00eb. Numri i shtuar quhet Kosto Port.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/99a7fa4cd3eec220285a4c83545d8bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPath Cost shton s\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kur BPDU kalon p\u00ebrmes \u00e7do porte. Ajo vler\u00eb q\u00eb shtohet quhet Port Cost dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet si manualisht ashtu edhe automatikisht. Port Cost mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet si manualisht ashtu edhe automatikisht.<\/p>\n<p>Kur nj\u00eb switch i mosrr\u00ebnjosur ka disa rrug\u00eb alternative deri te rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs, ai zgjedh at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb. Ai krahasohet Path Cost i k\u00ebtyre rrug\u00ebve. Ajo porte, nga e cila erdhi BPDU me Path Cost m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, b\u00ebhet porta rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore (Root Port).<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/49817c79ddadb0019986b67568123739.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4bd719750839a627771aeee41b45ae5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/861e37223cc924163d9e71e9ff06bdb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nShpenzimet e porteve, q\u00eb caktohen automatikisht, mund t\u00eb shihen n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn:<\/p>\n<p>Shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb portit<br \/>\nKostoja e portit<\/p>\n<p>10 Mb\/s<br \/>\n2 000 000<\/p>\n<p>100 Mb\/s<br \/>\n200 000<\/p>\n<p>1 Gb\/s<br \/>\n20 000<\/p>\n<p>10 Gb\/s<br \/>\n2 000<\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Rolat dhe statuset e porteve<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Porte t\u00eb switch-it kan\u00eb disa statuse dhe role.<\/p>\n<p><i>Statuset e porteve (p\u00ebr STP):<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disabled \u2013 jo aktiv.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking \u2013 d\u00ebgjon BPDU, por nuk transmeton. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen.<\/li>\n<li>Listening \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. Po p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna \u2014 plot\u00ebson tabel\u00ebn e adresave MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKoha e konvergjenc\u00ebs STP \u00ebsht\u00eb 30-50 sekonda. Pasi t\u00eb ndizet switch-i, t\u00eb gjitha portat kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb gjitha statusve. N\u00eb \u00e7do status, porta q\u00ebndron disa sekonda. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, STP ka nj\u00eb koh\u00eb konvergjence t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. RSTP ka m\u00eb pak status portash.<\/p>\n<p>Statuset e portit (p\u00ebr RSTP):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hedhja \u2013 joaktiv.<\/li>\n<li>Hedhja \u2013 d\u00ebgjon BPDU, por nuk transmeton. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen.<\/li>\n<li>Hedhja \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. Po p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna \u2014 plot\u00ebson tabel\u00ebn e adresave MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb RSTP statuset Disabled, Blocking dhe Listening jan\u00eb t\u00eb kombinuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2013 Hedhja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRolet e portit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Porta Root \u2013 porta, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. Ajo sh\u00ebrben si rruga m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb deri te switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Porta Designated \u2013 porta, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. E p\u00ebrcaktuar p\u00ebr \u00e7do segment LAN.<\/li>\n<li>Porta Alternate \u2013 porta, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk kalojn\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb alternative deri te switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Porta Backup \u2013 porta, p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk kalojn\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebr segmentin ku tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur nj\u00eb port me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr RSTP. Porta Backup p\u00ebrdoret, n\u00ebse dy kanale t\u00eb switch-it jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb segment (lexo: hub).<\/li>\n<li>Porta Disabled \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port RSTP \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZgjedhja e Root Port-it \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb lart. Si zgjidhet porti Designated?<\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb pari, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb segment LAN. Segmenti LAN \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kolizion <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/domain\/\"   title=\"domain\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4076\">domain<\/a>. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb switch ose router, \u00e7do port formon nj\u00eb domain kolizioni t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Segmenti LAN \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal mes switch-eve ose router-eve. N\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb hub-i, t\u00eb gjitha portet e hub-it ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin domain kolizioni.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nj\u00eb segment caktohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb port Designated.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rastin e segmenteve ku tashm\u00eb ka Root Port, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb. Porti i dyt\u00eb i segmentit b\u00ebhet Porti Designated.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1699b684ba6d856905782ff8de3b90ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor mbeten kanale rezerv\u00eb, ku do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb Port Designated dhe nj\u00eb Port Alternativ. Si do t\u00eb zgjidhen ata? Porti Designated do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ai port me koston m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb Path deri te switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. N\u00ebse koston e Path jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, at\u00ebher\u00eb Porti Designated do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ai port q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb switch-in me ID m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt Bridge. N\u00ebse edhe ID Bridge jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, at\u00ebher\u00eb Porti Designated b\u00ebhet porti me numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Porti i dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb Alternativ.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/da1304c9922f1e2d738d66e543b3818e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/341ea14a428914bd0d86c7c79ad6dbcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKa mbetur momenti i fundit: kur i caktohet portit roli Backup? Si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb lart, porti Backup p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm kur dy kanale t\u00eb switch-it jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, pra n\u00eb nj\u00eb hub. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, Porti i Caktuar zgjidhet sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave kritere.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kostoja m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt e Rrug\u00ebs deri te switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor.<\/li>\n<li>ID-ja m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt e Bridgjit.<\/li>\n<li>ID-ja m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt e Portit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Numri maksimal i pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Standardi IEEE 802.1D nuk ka k\u00ebrkesa strikte p\u00ebr numrin e pajisjeve n\u00eb LAN me RSTP. Por, standardi rekomandon q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 7 switch-e n\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb (jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 7 hop-e), dmth. jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 n\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl. Pasi t\u00eb tejkalohet ky num\u00ebr, fillon t\u00eb rritet koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n<p><b>Detajet e implementimit ERR.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Informacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs ERR \u2013 15 ms. Me numrin maksimal t\u00eb switch-eve n\u00eb cik\u00ebl dhe me p\u00ebrshtatjen e cikleve \u2013 18 ms.<\/p>\n<p><i>Topology t\u00eb mundshme<\/i><\/p>\n<p>ERR nuk lejon bashkimin e lir\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve si RSTP. ERR ka topologji t\u00eb qarta q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cikli<\/li>\n<li>Cikli i Dubluar<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebrshtatja deri n\u00eb tre cikle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a54a8f3717948eb9066e6940f064962d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Cikli<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f905a0d6a789fc16fb0fbaea5f47e861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKur t\u00eb gjitha switch-\u00ebt bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb n\u00eb ERR, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen portet n\u00eb \u00e7do switch q\u00eb do t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e unaz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><i>Unaza e dyfisht\u00eb<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c578e1191b924f81d6cae1392f6b5fd5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nSwitch-\u00ebt mund t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb, e cila rrit ndjesh\u00ebm besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e unaz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizimet e unaz\u00ebs s\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unaza e dyfisht\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar switch-\u00ebt me unaza t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret Ring Coupling.<\/li>\n<li>Unaza e dyfisht\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr unaz\u00ebn e bashkimit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/53ac9708e0cb2bf015022a0b419fb0eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0cb44b8e9256304cb9d75a98e9a43ec1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Bashkimi i unazave<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a140cd59223bd91d3871dd7d2b1710a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb bashkim, nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 200 pajisje n\u00eb rrjet.<\/p>\n<p>Bashkimi i unazave n\u00ebnkupton kombinimin e unazave t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb lidhet me unaz\u00ebn e bashkimit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i, kjo quhet <b>bashkim i unazave p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i<\/b>. N\u00ebse dy switch-e nga unaza lokale lidhen me unaz\u00ebn e bashkimit, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb <b>bashkim p\u00ebrmes dy switch-eve<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Kur lidhni n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb switch, t\u00eb dy portet e pajisjes angazhohen. Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rreth 15-17 ms. N\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb till\u00eb, switch-i i lidhjes do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pika e d\u00ebshtimit, pasi humbja e k\u00ebtij switch-i do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb humbjen e gjith\u00eb unaz\u00ebs. Lidhja p\u00ebrmes dy switch-ave lejon shmangien e k\u00ebsaj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b92b7b888a08794e21d3d2e061fd23e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46121d428a21674a437544be007ed00a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb lidhni unazat e dyfishta.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3864138dcc5e82b9e12753eef2292bbd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>Kontrolli i Rrug\u00ebs<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/177a49f38e69c754de7af0b36d0c62e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nFunksioni i Kontrollit t\u00eb Rrug\u00ebs lejon konfigurimin e porteve p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave do t\u00eb transmetohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb modin normal t\u00eb funksionimit. N\u00eb rast se kanali d\u00ebshton dhe rrjeti kalon n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb rezerv\u00eb, pas rikuperimit t\u00eb kanalit, rrjeti do t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e caktuar.<\/p>\n<p>Ky funksion leht\u00ebson kursimin e kabllove rezerv\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, do t\u00eb dihet gjithmon\u00eb topologjia e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve.<\/p>\n<p>Topologjia kryesore kalon n\u00eb at\u00eb rezerv\u00eb brenda 15 ms. Kthimi pas rikuperimit t\u00eb rrjetit do t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb rreth 30 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizime:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret s\u00eb bashku me Dual Ring.<\/li>\n<li>Funksioni duhet t\u00eb aktivizohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha switch-at n\u00eb rrjet.<\/li>\n<li>Nj\u00eb nga switch-at konfigurohet si master i Kontrollit t\u00eb Rrug\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<li>Kalimi automatik n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb kryesore pas rikthimit kryhet brenda 1 sekondi sipas parashikimit (ky parametr mund t\u00eb ndryshohet p\u00ebrmes SNMP n\u00eb intervalin nga 0 s deri n\u00eb 99 s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Parimi i funksionimit<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/15b569669736d2cf9c6b0c0598b843fe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nParimi i funksionimit ERR<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr shembull, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb gjasht\u00eb switch-e \u2013 1-6. Switch-et jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb. \u00c7do switch p\u00ebrdor dy porte p\u00ebr t'u lidhur n\u00eb unaz\u00eb dhe ruan statusin e tyre. Switch-et transmetojn\u00eb statuset e portave nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrdoren nga pajisjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur gjendjen e fillimit t\u00eb portave.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/930fe8518756e8cf9acab76087c81198.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPortat kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy role \u2013 <b>Blokuar<\/b> dhe <b>P\u00ebrpara<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Switch-i me adres\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe MAC bllokon portin e tij. T\u00eb gjitha portet e tjera n\u00eb unaz\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse porti i bllokuar ndalon s\u00eb funksionuari, at\u00ebher\u00eb porti tjet\u00ebr me adres\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe MAC b\u00ebhet i bllokuar.<\/p>\n<p>Pas ngarkimit, switch-et fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb Ring Protocol Data Unit (R-PDU). R-PDU d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes multicast. R-PDU \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh sh\u00ebrbimi, ashtu si BPDU n\u00eb RSTP. R-PDU p\u00ebrmban statuset e portave t\u00eb switch-it dhe adres\u00ebn e tij MAC. <\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmi i veprimeve kur kanali d\u00ebshton<\/i><br \/>\nKur kanali d\u00ebshton, switch-et d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb R-PDU p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb portave.<\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmi i veprimeve kur kanali rikthehet<\/i><br \/>\nKur nj\u00eb kanal i d\u00ebshtuar nxirret n\u00eb pun\u00eb, switch-et d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb R-PDU p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb porteve.<\/p>\n<p>Switch-i me adres\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe MAC b\u00ebhet switch-i i ri rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n<p>Kanal i d\u00ebshtuar b\u00ebhet rezerv\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/863a98f53a8792935ef492b2a798b8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0972cdee89606adec01a2924f907a8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3e873198ff0a68bd09627408ff465722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dff04828d8778263c4808ccd7594eefb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dfdb2a89ce223f0fa0eda950d411aaba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPas rikuperimit, nj\u00eb nga portet e kanalit mbetet i bllokuar, nd\u00ebrsa tjetri kalon n\u00eb gjendjen forwarding. Porta e bllokuar do t\u00eb jet\u00eb porta me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. N\u00ebse shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, porta e bllokuar do t\u00eb jet\u00eb porta e switch-it me adres\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe MAC. Ky parim lejon bllokimin e port\u00ebs q\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb nga gjendja e bllokuar n\u00eb gjendjen forwarding me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb maksimale.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/911468a4eb3902af9ffc3bdc51958604.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Numri maksimal i pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Numri maksimal i switch-eve n\u00eb ERR rreth \u00ebsht\u00eb 200. <\/p>\n<p><b>Nd\u00ebrveprimi ERR dhe RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kombinim me ERR. Por unaza RSTP dhe unaza ERR duhet t\u00eb mbivendosen vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ae522f0abf9c406542210fb8bce900fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Curriculum Vitae<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR \u00ebsht\u00eb ideale p\u00ebr organizimin e topologjive tipologjike. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb ose nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb e dyfishuar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5924f05c3395ac6e220b8d70a6dba79d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a2172fb28d3b37d01aea94d6673cc921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTopologji t\u00eb tilla shpesh p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr rezervim n\u00eb objektet industriale.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, me ERR, mund t\u00eb realizohet nj\u00eb topologji tjet\u00ebr m\u00eb pak t\u00eb besueshme, por m\u00eb ekonomikisht. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb unaze t\u00eb dyfishuar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08441dd845733c46b7d0e00d7e6de37b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb aplikohet ERR. Ka skema mjaft ekzotike. Me nj\u00eb nga klient\u00ebt tan\u00eb, ne testuam topologjin\u00eb e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detajet e zbatimit t\u00eb protokolleve RSTP dhe t\u00eb Proprietarizuar Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e55fa8e688e2a66a44f36f854a2e4ad6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nuk duket e mundshme t\u00eb aplikohet ERR. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm RSTP. Klienti kishte nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e konvergjenc\u00ebs \u2013 m\u00eb pak se 3 sekonda. P\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoheshin qart\u00eb switch-at rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor\u00eb (t\u00eb main dhe rezervuar), si dhe kostot e porteve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb manuale.<\/p>\n<p>Si p\u00ebrfundim, ERR fiton duksh\u00ebm sa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs s\u00eb konvergjenc\u00ebs, por nuk ofron aq fleksibilitet sa b\u00ebn RSTP.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/460633\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 Phoenix Contact \u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RSTP \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 1-10 c \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e: \u041d\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 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