{"id":36394,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","title":{"rendered":"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb rrjet mund t\u00eb gjeni shum\u00eb materiale rreth protokollit RSTP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull propozoj t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb protokollin RSTP me protokollin pron\u00ebsor t\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact <\/a><\/noindex>\u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs<\/i> \u2013 1-10 s<br \/>\n<i>Topologjit\u00eb e mundshme<\/i> \u2013 \u00e7do lloj<\/p>\n<p>Ekziston nj\u00eb mendim i p\u00ebrhapur se RSTP lejon t\u00eb lidhen switch-et vet\u00ebm n\u00eb form\u00eb unaze:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6cc708e397d6fbfd3d3ff0bd67dab9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPor RSTP lejon lidhjen e switch-eve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb arbitrare. P\u00ebr shembull, RSTP e p\u00ebrballon edhe nj\u00eb topologji t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f204b8915afaae5183a0be55c660385d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Principi i funksionimit<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP e redukton \u00e7do topologji n\u00eb nj\u00eb pem\u00eb. Nj\u00ebri nga switch-et b\u00ebhet qendra e topologjis\u00eb \u2013 switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. Switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell sasin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n<p>Parimi i funksionimit t\u00eb RSTP \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>switch-et furnizohen me energji;<\/li>\n<li>zgjidhet switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>switch-et e tjer\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>lidhjet e mbetura bllokohen dhe b\u00ebhen rezerv\u00eb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<i>Zgjedhja e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Switch-et me RSTP shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb paketa BPDU. BPDU \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban informacion RSTP. BPDU mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dy llojeve:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configuration BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Topology Change Notification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nConfiguration BPDU p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e topologjis\u00eb. Ai d\u00ebrgohet vet\u00ebm nga switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. Configuration BPDU p\u00ebrmban:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identifikuesin e d\u00ebrguesit (Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifikuesin e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb (Root Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifikuesin e port\u00ebs nga e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebrguar kjo paket\u00eb (Port ID);<\/li>\n<li>koston e rrug\u00ebs drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb (Root Path Cost).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTopology Change Notification mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nga \u00e7do switch. Ato d\u00ebrgohen n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Pas ndezjes, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-et e konsiderojn\u00eb veten rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. Ata nisin t\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb paketa BPDU. Sapo nj\u00eb switch merr nj\u00eb BPDU me Bridge ID m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl se i vetmi, ai pushon s\u00eb konsideruari veten rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Bridge ID p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy vlera: adresa MAC dhe Bridge Priority. Adres\u00ebn MAC nuk mund ta ndryshojm\u00eb. Bridge Priority si parazgjedhje \u00ebsht\u00eb 32768. N\u00ebse Bridge Priority nuk ndryshohet, root do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet switch-i me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Switch-i me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vjetri dhe mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb m\u00eb performuesi. Rekomandohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet manualisht switch-i root i topologjis\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb switch-in root duhet t\u00eb konfigurohet nj\u00eb Bridge Priority i ul\u00ebt (p\u00ebr shembull, 0). Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet edhe nj\u00eb switch rezerv\u00eb root, duke i caktuar nj\u00eb Bridge Priority pak m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb (p\u00ebr shembull, 4096).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f5142141d67a8d8704b8caa5c4f20109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Zgjedhja e rrug\u00ebs drejt switch-it root<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Switch-i root d\u00ebrgon paketa BPDU n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portat aktive. BPDU ka nj\u00eb fush\u00eb Path Cost. Path Cost tregon koston e rrug\u00ebs. Sa m\u00eb e lart\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb kostoja e rrug\u00ebs, aq m\u00eb gjat\u00eb transmetohet paketa n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb. Kur BPDU kalon p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb porte, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn Path Cost i shtohet kostoja. Numri i shtuar quhet Port Cost.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/99a7fa4cd3eec220285a4c83545d8bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPath Cost i shtohet nj\u00eb vler\u00eb e caktuar kur BPDU kalon p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb porte. Vlera q\u00eb i shtohet quhet kosto e port\u00ebs (Port Cost) dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet si manualisht, ashtu edhe automatikisht. Port Cost mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet si manualisht, ashtu edhe automatikisht.<\/p>\n<p>Kur nj\u00eb switch jo-root ka disa rrug\u00eb alternative drejt switch-it root, ai zgjedh m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebn. Ai krahason Path Cost t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre rrug\u00ebve. Porta nga e cila ka ardhur BPDU me Path Cost m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl b\u00ebhet porta root (Root Port).<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/49817c79ddadb0019986b67568123739.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4bd719750839a627771aeee41b45ae5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/861e37223cc924163d9e71e9ff06bdb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKostot e porteve q\u00eb caktohen automatikisht mund t\u00eb shihen n\u00eb tabel\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p>Shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb port\u00ebs<br \/>\nKostoja e port\u00ebs<\/p>\n<p>10 Mb\/s<br \/>\n2 000 000<\/p>\n<p>100 Mb\/s<br \/>\n200 000<\/p>\n<p>1 Gb\/s<br \/>\n20 000<\/p>\n<p>10 Gb\/s<br \/>\n2 000<\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Rolet dhe statuset e portave<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Portat e switch-it kan\u00eb disa statuse dhe role.<\/p>\n<p><i>Statuset e portave (p\u00ebr STP):<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disabled \u2013 joaktive.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking \u2013 d\u00ebgjon BPDU, por nuk i transmeton. Nuk transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/li>\n<li>Listening \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. Nuk transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. P\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 plot\u00ebson tabel\u00ebn e adresave MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKoha e konvergjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb STP \u00ebsht\u00eb 30-50 sekonda. Pas ndezjes s\u00eb switch-it, t\u00eb gjitha portat kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha statuset. N\u00eb secilin status, porta q\u00ebndron p\u00ebr disa sekonda. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebtij parimi t\u00eb funksionimit, STP ka nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kaq t\u00eb gjat\u00eb konvergjence. RSTP ka m\u00eb pak statuse portash.<\/p>\n<p>Statuset e portave (p\u00ebr RSTP):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 joaktive.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 d\u00ebgjon BPDU, por nuk i transmeton. Nuk transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. Nuk transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU. P\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 plot\u00ebson tabel\u00ebn e adresave MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 transmeton t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, d\u00ebgjon dhe transmeton BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb RSTP, statuset Disabled, Blocking dhe Listening jan\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2013 Discarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRolet e porteve:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Root port \u2013 porti p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit transmetohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. Ai sh\u00ebrben si rruga m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Designated port \u2013 porti p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit transmetohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat. P\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebr \u00e7do segment LAN.<\/li>\n<li>Alternate port \u2013 porti p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb alternative drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Backup port \u2013 porti p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nuk transmetohen. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebr segmentin ku tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur nj\u00eb port me mb\u00ebshtetje RSTP. Backup port p\u00ebrdoret n\u00ebse dy lidhje t\u00eb switch-it jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin segment (pra, me hub-in).<\/li>\n<li>Disabled port \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port RSTP \u00ebsht\u00eb i \u00e7aktivizuar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZgjedhja e Root Port \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. Si zgjidhet Designated port?<\/p>\n<p>S\u00eb pari, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb segmenti LAN. Segmenti LAN \u00ebsht\u00eb domen p\u00ebrplasjesh <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/domain\/\"   title=\"domain\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4076\">domain<\/a>. P\u00ebr switch-in ose router-in, \u00e7do port formon nj\u00eb domen t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjesh. Segmenti LAN \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja midis switch-eve ose router-\u00ebve. N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr hub-in, at\u00ebher\u00eb te hub-i t\u00eb gjitha portet ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin domen p\u00ebrplasjesh.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr nj\u00eb segment caktohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rastin e segmenteve ku tashm\u00eb ka Root Port, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb. Porti i dyt\u00eb i segmentit b\u00ebhet Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1699b684ba6d856905782ff8de3b90ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor mbeten lidhjet rezerv\u00eb, ku do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb Designated Port dhe nj\u00eb Alternate Port. Si do t\u00eb zgjidhen ato? Designated Port do t\u00eb jet\u00eb porti me Path Cost m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. N\u00ebse Path Cost \u00ebsht\u00eb i barabart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb Designated Port do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ai port q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb switch-in me Bridge ID m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. N\u00ebse edhe Bridge ID \u00ebsht\u00eb i barabart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb Designated Port b\u00ebhet porti me numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Porti i dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb Alternate.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/da1304c9922f1e2d738d66e543b3818e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/341ea14a428914bd0d86c7c79ad6dbcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nMbetet edhe nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e fundit: kur i caktohet portit roli Backup? Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, Backup port p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm kur dy lidhje t\u00eb switch-it jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin segment, pra me hub-in. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast Designated Port zgjidhet sakt\u00ebsisht sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave kritere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Path Cost m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>Bridge ID m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.<\/li>\n<li>Port ID m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Numri maksimal i pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Standardi IEEE 802.1D nuk vendos k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb rrepta p\u00ebr numrin e pajisjeve n\u00eb LAN me RSTP. Megjithat\u00eb, standardi rekomandon p\u00ebrdorimin e jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 7 switch-eve n\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb (jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 7 hop-e), pra jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 n\u00eb unaz\u00eb. N\u00ebse tejkalohet kjo vler\u00eb, koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjetit fillon t\u00eb rritet.<\/p>\n<p><b>Detajet e implementimit t\u00eb ERR.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb ERR \u00ebsht\u00eb 15 ms. Me numrin maksimal t\u00eb switch-eve n\u00eb unaz\u00eb dhe n\u00eb prani t\u00eb coupling t\u00eb unazave \u2013 18 ms.<\/p>\n<p><i>Topologjit\u00eb e mundshme<\/i><\/p>\n<p>ERR nuk lejon bashkimin e lir\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve si RSTP. ERR ka topologji t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara qart\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unaz\u00eb<\/li>\n<li>Unaz\u00eb e dubluar<\/li>\n<li>Coupling deri n\u00eb tre unaza<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a54a8f3717948eb9066e6940f064962d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Unaz\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f905a0d6a789fc16fb0fbaea5f47e861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKur n\u00eb ERR t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-et bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, n\u00eb secilin switch duhet t\u00eb konfigurohen portat q\u00eb do t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e unaz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><i>Unaz\u00eb e dyfisht\u00eb<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c578e1191b924f81d6cae1392f6b5fd5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nSwitch-et mund t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rrit ndjesh\u00ebm besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e unaz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizimet e unaz\u00ebs s\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unaza e dyfisht\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr coupling t\u00eb switch-eve me unaza t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret Ring Coupling.<\/li>\n<li>Unaza e dyfisht\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si unaz\u00eb coupling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/53ac9708e0cb2bf015022a0b419fb0eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0cb44b8e9256304cb9d75a98e9a43ec1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Coupling i unazave<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a140cd59223bd91d3871dd7d2b1710a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb coupling, n\u00eb rrjet nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 200 pajisje.<\/p>\n<p>Coupling i unazave n\u00ebnkupton bashkimin e unazave t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb lidhet me unaz\u00ebn coupling p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo quhet <b>coupling i unazave p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i<\/b>. N\u00ebse me unaz\u00ebn coupling lidhen dy switch-e nga unaza lokale, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb <b>coupling p\u00ebrmes dy switch-eve<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb coupling p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb switch-i, n\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebrdoren t\u00eb dy portat. Koha e konvergjenc\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast do t\u00eb jet\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 15-17 ms. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj coupling, switch-i i coupling do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00eb e vetme d\u00ebshtimi, pasi n\u00ebse humbet ky switch, humbet menj\u00ebher\u00eb e gjith\u00eb unaza. Coupling p\u00ebrmes dy switch-eve e shmang k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b92b7b888a08794e21d3d2e061fd23e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46121d428a21674a437544be007ed00a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb b\u00ebhet coupling i unazave t\u00eb dubluara.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3864138dcc5e82b9e12753eef2292bbd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>Path Control<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/177a49f38e69c754de7af0b36d0c62e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nFunksioni Path Control ju lejon t\u00eb konfiguroni portat p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave do t\u00eb transmetohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb regjim normal pune. N\u00ebse kanali d\u00ebshton dhe rrjeti kalon n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb rezerv\u00eb, pas rikthimit t\u00eb kanalit rrjeti do t\u00eb kthehet s\u00ebrish n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/p>\n<p>Ky funksion ju lejon t\u00eb kurseni n\u00eb kabllon rezerv\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, topologjia e p\u00ebrdorur do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr troubleshooting.<\/p>\n<p>Topologjia kryesore kalon n\u00eb at\u00eb rezerv\u00eb brenda 15 ms. Kalimi mbrapsht pas rikthimit t\u00eb rrjetit zgjat rreth 30 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Kufizimet:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret s\u00eb bashku me Dual Ring.<\/li>\n<li>Funksioni duhet t\u00eb aktivizohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komutator\u00ebt e rrjetit.<\/li>\n<li>Nj\u00ebri nga komutator\u00ebt konfigurohet si master i Path Control.<\/li>\n<li>Kalimi automatik n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb kryesore pas rikthimit kryhet pas 1 sekonde si parazgjedhje (ky paramet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb ndryshohet p\u00ebrmes SNMP n\u00eb intervalin nga 0 s deri n\u00eb 99 s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Principi i funksionimit<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/15b569669736d2cf9c6b0c0598b843fe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nParimi i funksionimit t\u00eb ERR<\/p>\n<p>Si shembull, le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb gjasht\u00eb komutator\u00eb \u2013 1-6. Komutator\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb unaz\u00eb. \u00c7do komutator p\u00ebrdor dy porta p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me unaz\u00ebn dhe ruan statuset e tyre. Komutator\u00ebt ua p\u00ebrcjellin nj\u00ebri-tjetrit statuset e porteve. Pajisjet i p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur gjendjen fillestare t\u00eb porteve.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/930fe8518756e8cf9acab76087c81198.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPortat kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy role \u2013 <b>Blocked<\/b> dhe <b>Forwarding<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Komutatori me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb bllokon nj\u00eb nga portat e tij. T\u00eb gjitha portat e tjera n\u00eb unaz\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse porta Blocked ndalon s\u00eb funksionuari, at\u00ebher\u00eb porta tjet\u00ebr me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb b\u00ebhet Blocked.<\/p>\n<p>Pas ndezjes, komutator\u00ebt fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb Ring Protocol Data Unit (R-PDU). R-PDU transmetohet me multicast. R-PDU \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh sh\u00ebrbimi, nj\u00ebsoj si BPDU n\u00eb RSTP. R-PDU p\u00ebrmban statuset e porteve t\u00eb komutatorit dhe adres\u00ebn e tij MAC. <\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmi i veprimit n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb lidhjes<\/i><br \/>\nKur lidhja d\u00ebshton, komutator\u00ebt d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb R-PDU p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb porteve.<\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmi i veprimit gjat\u00eb rikthimit t\u00eb lidhjes<\/i><br \/>\nKur lidhja e d\u00ebshtuar rikthehet n\u00eb pun\u00eb, komutator\u00ebt d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb R-PDU p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ndryshimin e statusit t\u00eb porteve.<\/p>\n<p>Komutatori me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb b\u00ebhet komutatori i ri rr\u00ebnj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Lidhja e d\u00ebshtuar b\u00ebhet rezerv\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/863a98f53a8792935ef492b2a798b8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0972cdee89606adec01a2924f907a8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3e873198ff0a68bd09627408ff465722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dff04828d8778263c4808ccd7594eefb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dfdb2a89ce223f0fa0eda950d411aaba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPas rikthimit, nj\u00ebra nga portat e lidhjes mbetet e bllokuar, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra kalon n\u00eb gjendjen forwarding. Porta e bllokuar b\u00ebhet ajo me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. N\u00ebse shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, e bllokuar do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet porta e komutatorit me adres\u00ebn MAC m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Ky parim lejon t\u00eb bllokohet porta q\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb nga gjendja blocked n\u00eb gjendjen forwarding me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/911468a4eb3902af9ffc3bdc51958604.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Numri maksimal i pajisjeve n\u00eb rrjet<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Numri maksimal i komutator\u00ebve n\u00eb unaz\u00ebn ERR \u00ebsht\u00eb 200. <\/p>\n<p><b>Nd\u00ebrveprimi i ERR dhe RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kombinim me ERR. Por unaza RSTP dhe unaza ERR duhet t\u00eb kryq\u00ebzohen vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb komutatori.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ae522f0abf9c406542210fb8bce900fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>CV<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhje e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e topologjive tipike. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb ose nj\u00eb unaz\u00eb e dyfishuar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5924f05c3395ac6e220b8d70a6dba79d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a2172fb28d3b37d01aea94d6673cc921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTopologji t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebrdoren shpesh p\u00ebr rezervim n\u00eb objekte industriale.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, me ndihm\u00ebn e ERR, topologjia e dyt\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohet me m\u00eb pak besueshm\u00ebri, por me kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb unaze t\u00eb dyfishuar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08441dd845733c46b7d0e00d7e6de37b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor ERR nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithmon\u00eb. Ka edhe skema mjaft t\u00eb pazakonta. Me nj\u00eb nga klient\u00ebt tan\u00eb testuam topologjin\u00eb e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Detaje t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb protokollit RSTP dhe Extended Ring Redundancy pron\u00ebsor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e55fa8e688e2a66a44f36f854a2e4ad6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrdorimi i ERR nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb skem\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm RSTP. Klienti kishte nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e konvergjenc\u00ebs \u2014 m\u00eb pak se 3 s. P\u00ebr ta arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb, ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoheshin qart\u00eb komutator\u00ebt rr\u00ebnj\u00eb (kryesori dhe rezerv\u00eb), si edhe kostot e porteve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb manuale.<\/p>\n<p>Si p\u00ebrfundim, ERR fiton duksh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs s\u00eb konvergjenc\u00ebs, por nuk ofron t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin fleksibilitet q\u00eb jep RSTP.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/460633\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 Phoenix Contact \u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RSTP \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 1-10 c \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e: \u041d\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 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