{"id":36454,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/opticheskij-kommutator-tp-link-t2600g-28sq-dlya-servis-provajderov-podrobnyj-obzor\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:44","slug":"opticheskij-kommutator-tp-link-t2600g-28sq-dlya-servis-provajderov-podrobnyj-obzor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/opticheskij-kommutator-tp-link-t2600g-28sq-dlya-servis-provajderov-podrobnyj-obzor","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar\u00a0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zgjerimi i qyteteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe formimi i aglomeratave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga trendet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb zhvillimit social sot. Vet\u00ebm Moska n\u00eb vitin 2019 do t\u00eb zgjerohet me 4 milion metra katror\u00eb banesash (pa p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb 15 nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera q\u00eb do t\u00eb bashkohen deri n\u00eb vitin 2020). N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb territor t\u00eb madh, operator\u00ebt e komunikimit do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve qasje n\u00eb internet. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb si lagje urbane me nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb dendur shum\u00ebkat\u00ebsh, ashtu edhe grupe m\u00eb t\u00eb 'parse' sht\u00ebpish. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto raste, k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr pajisjet ndryshojn\u00eb pak. Ne analizuam \u00e7do skenar t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe krijuam nj\u00eb model universali t\u00eb kaluesit optik - T2600G-28SQ. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim, ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb detaje mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e pajisjes, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb interesante p\u00ebr operator\u00ebt e komunikimit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Rusin\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2f2d13a385278230dd0f608778b9f13d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Vendi n\u00eb rrjet<\/h2>\n<p>\nKaluesi T2600G-28SQ \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar si n\u00eb nivelin e qasjes n\u00eb rrjet, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr aggregimin e lidhjeve nga kalues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb qasjes. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kalues i nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, i cili kryen kalimin dhe ruterimin statik. N\u00ebse operatori ka b\u00ebr\u00eb aggregimin dhe qasjen e kaluesit (ruterimi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb thelbin e rrjetit), T2600G-28SQ do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb cilindo prej niveleve. N\u00eb rastin e aggregimit t\u00eb ruterimit dinamik, megjithat\u00eb, duhen marr\u00eb parasysh disa kufizime lidhur me skenar\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorimit.<\/p>\n<p>Modeli T2600G-28SQ \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kalues aktiv Ethernet pa kufizime t\u00eb tjera, q\u00eb shfaqen kur p\u00ebrdoren teknologjit\u00eb xPON ose t\u00eb ngjashme. P\u00ebr shembull, pa rrezikun e r\u00ebnies s\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb me rritjen e numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, ose probleme t\u00eb keqe p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrie midis pajisjeve nga prodhues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm dhe firmware-ve. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet e pajisjes mund t\u00eb lidhin si p\u00ebrdoruesit fundor\u00eb, ashtu edhe kaluesit e qasjes s\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt me lidhje optike, p\u00ebr shembull, modeli T2600G-28TS. N\u00eb diagramin m\u00eb posht\u00eb ilustrohen shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre lidhjeve.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/549fa77db33abc70324ba18a52261b5d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb rrjetin e p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrfundimtar, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret fibra optike, ose kabllo \u00e7ift i kthyer. Nga ana e abonentit, fibra optike mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundohet si me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb konverteri mediumi (konverter i mediave), p\u00ebr shembull, TP-Link MC220L; ashtu si edhe duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe optike n\u00eb nj\u00eb router SOHO.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr lidhjen e klient\u00ebve t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren kat\u00ebr porte RJ-45 q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi 10\/100\/1000 Mbps. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamjaftueshme, operatori mund t\u00eb \"konvertoj\u00eb\" nd\u00ebrfaqet optike t\u00eb switch-it n\u00eb ato bakri. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me ndihm\u00ebn e SFP-ve t\u00eb specializuara \"bakri\" me priz\u00eb RJ-45. Mir\u00ebpo, nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb quhet standarde.<\/p>\n<h2>Disa shembuj nga praktika<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar pamjen, do t\u00eb japim disa shembuj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb switch-\u00ebve t\u00eb modelit T2600G-28SQ.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrkthyesi nga rajoni i Mosk\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.divo.ru\/\">\u00abDIVO\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili p\u00ebrve\u00e7 internetit ofron sh\u00ebrbime telefoni dhe TV kabllor, p\u00ebrdor T2600G-28SQ n\u00eb nivelin e aksesit gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjeteve n\u00eb sektorin privat (sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb vetme dhe townhouse). Nga ana e klientit, lidhja b\u00ebhet me router-a me port\u00eb SFP, si dhe me mediakonverter\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, router-at SOHO me port\u00eb SFP nuk prodhohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb serike n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, por ne, sigurisht, po mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Operatori i komunikimeve <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mks-net.ru\/\">MKS<\/a><\/noindex> nga rajoni i Pavlovo-Posad p\u00ebrdor switch-e T2600G-28SQ si \"pak agregim\", duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb akses switch-e t\u00eb modeleve T2600G-28TS dhe T2500G-10TS.<\/p>\n<p>Grupi i kompanive <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/garantia.tv\/\">\u00abGarancia\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> ofrojn\u00eb n\u00eb jug-lindje t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs (Kolomna, Lukhovitsy, Zaraysk, Serebryanye Prudy, Ozyory) akses n\u00eb internet, TV, telefonin\u00eb dhe sisteme t\u00eb videov\u76d1\u00eb. Topologjia e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si ajo e MKS: T2600G-28SQ n\u00eb nivelin e agregimit, nd\u00ebrsa T2600G-28TS dhe T2500G-10TS n\u00eb nivelin e aksesit.<\/p>\n<p>Provideri <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sktv.ru\/\">SKTV<\/a><\/noindex> nga Krasnoznamensk ofron akses n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rrjeti me dep\u00ebrtim t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb optik\u00ebs. N\u00eb t\u00eb, gjithashtu, bazohet T2600G-28SQ.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb seksionet e ardhshme do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb shkurtimisht disa mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb modelit T2600G-28SQ. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e mbushur materialin, disa opsione i kemi l\u00ebn\u00eb jasht\u00eb: QinQ (VLAN VPN), routing, QoS etj. Mendojm\u00eb se mund t\u00eb kthehemi tek ato n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nga postimet e ardhshme.<\/p>\n<h2>Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e switch-it<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Rrezervimi \u2013 STP<\/h3>\n<p>\nSTP \u2013 Protokolli i Pemjes\u00ebs s\u00eb Pem\u00ebs. Protokolli q\u00eb mbulon pem\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur q\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, fal\u00eb Radi Perlman. N\u00eb rrjetet moderne, administrator\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb evitojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtij protokolli. Po, STP ka disavantazhet e veta. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodh shpesh, alternativa p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll do t\u00eb varet shum\u00eb nga ofruesi. Prandaj, deri m\u00eb sot Protokolli i Pemjes s\u00eb Pem\u00ebs mbetet pothuajse zgjidhja e vetme q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet nga pothuajse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb prodhuesit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb administrator\u00ebt e rrjetit.<\/p>\n<p>Switchi TP-Link T2600G-28SQ mb\u00ebshtet tri versione t\u00eb STP: STP klasik (IEEE 802.1D), RSTP (802.1W) dhe MSTP (802.1S).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d3b855c50499dfdd1c9298b785e7ed0e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNga k\u00ebto opsione, p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e ofruesve t\u00eb internetit t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl n\u00eb Rusi, RSTP i zakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb se i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, i cili ka nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb pamohuesh\u00ebm ndaj versionit klasik \u2014 nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr konvergjence.<\/p>\n<p>Protokolli m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl sot \u00ebsht\u00eb MSTP, q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet rrjetet virtuale (VLAN) dhe lejon disa pem\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, duke mund\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrdorimin e t\u00eb gjitha rrug\u00ebve rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme. Administratori krijon disa ekzemplar\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb pem\u00ebs (deri n\u00eb tet\u00eb), secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb rrjeteve virtuale.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/4ad6b189e70e5e5b4e5f49e3466ddf5a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0e62120fdf688cf5d97232689dc98793.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34f36032e615a2e78ab6de666843c846.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ff0bab82970cf086bdca2b80c33b302d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Holl\u00ebsit\u00eb e MSTP<\/b>Administrator\u00ebt e rinj gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb MSTP duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se sjellja e protokollit brenda nj\u00eb rajoni dhe midis rajoneve \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndryshme. Prandaj, kur konfiguroni switch-at, duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndroni brenda nj\u00eb rajoni.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/eb3d5a63fca93ae335ac8334fedcfe58.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ky rajon i famsh\u00ebm? N\u00eb terma t\u00eb MSTP, nj\u00eb rajon \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grup switch-esh t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, q\u00eb kan\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta: emri i rajonit, numri i rishikimit dhe shp\u00ebrndarja e rrjeteve virtuale (VLAN) midis ekzemplar\u00ebve t\u00eb protokollit (instance).<\/p>\n<p>Sigurisht, protokolli i Pemjes s\u00eb Pem\u00ebs (\u00e7do version) jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb luftohet me ciklet q\u00eb lindin nga lidhjet rezerv\u00eb, por gjithashtu mbron nga gabimet e lidhjes kabllore, kur inxhinieri lidhi gabimisht portet e pasme, duke krijuar cikle me veprimet e tij.<\/p>\n<p>Administratoret m\u00eb me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb rrjeteve preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb gam\u00eb opsionesh shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur protokollin STP nga sulmet ose situatat emergjente komplekse. Modeli T2600G-28SQ ofron nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb mund\u00ebsish t\u00eb tilla: Loop Protect, Root Protect, TC Guard, BPDU Protect dhe BPDU Filter.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dc2b070ae735f29d593041cb2f8e9c1b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebrdorimi i duhur i opsioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me mekanizmat e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtjes t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur do t\u00eb stabilizoj\u00eb rrjetin lokal dhe do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb parashikuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<h3>Marr\u00ebveshja \u2013 LAG<\/h3>\n<p>\nLAG \u2013 Grupi i Agregat\u00ebs s\u00eb Lidhjeve. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji q\u00eb lejon bashkimin e disa kanaleve fizike n\u00eb nj\u00eb logjik. T\u00eb gjitha protokollet e tjera ndalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e kanaleve fizike q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb LAG, duke filluar t\u00eb \"shikojn\u00eb\" nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe logjike. Nj\u00eb shembull i till\u00eb i protokollit \u00ebsht\u00eb STP.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4d88dffb88b5828e1a78bf371657601.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nBalancimi i trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve midis kanaleve fizike brenda logjik do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb hash. P\u00ebr hesapin e saj mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren adresat MAC t\u00eb d\u00ebrguesit, marr\u00ebsit, ose \u00e7ifti i tyre; si dhe adresat IP t\u00eb d\u00ebrguesit, marr\u00ebsit, ose \u00e7ifti i tyre. Informacioni i protokolleve t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtit t\u00eb nivelit (portet TCP\/UDP) nuk merret parasysh.<\/p>\n<p>Switchi T2600G-28SQ mb\u00ebshtet LAG statike dhe dinamike.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3bb9b553de91adaef9674497ed588757.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1f8150d3408c726752d272bb072d1e36.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr pajtimin e parametrave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb grupit dinamik p\u00ebrdoret protokolli LACP.<\/p>\n<h3>Siguria \u2013 listat e qasjes (ACL)<\/h3>\n<p>\nSwitchi yn\u00eb T2600G-28SQ lejon filtrimin e trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebrmes listave t\u00eb qasjes (ACL \u2013 Lista e Kontrollit t\u00eb Aksesit).<\/p>\n<p>Listat e mb\u00ebshtetura t\u00eb qasjes mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb disa lloje t\u00eb ndryshme: MAC dhe IP (IPv4\/IPv6), t\u00eb kombinuara, si dhe p\u00ebr realizimin e filtrimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes. Numri i listave t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura t\u00eb qasjes p\u00ebr \u00e7do lloj varet nga modeli i SDM q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret aktualisht, t\u00eb cilin ne e kemi p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/bb322755068083267fb194d564eaddfe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOperatori mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb opsion p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar trafik t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjet. Nj\u00eb shembull i till\u00eb i trafikut mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb paketat IPv6 (me ndihm\u00ebn e fush\u00ebs EtherType), n\u00ebse sh\u00ebrbimi p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs nuk ofrohet; ose t\u00eb bllokohen SMB p\u00ebrmes portit 445. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet me adresim statik DHCP\/BOOTP, trafiku nuk k\u00ebrkohet, prandaj me ndihm\u00ebn e ACL, administratorit i lejohet t\u00eb filtroj\u00eb datagramat UDP n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet porteve 67 dhe 68. Po ashtu, trafik IPoE lokal mund t\u00eb bllokohet me an\u00eb t\u00eb ACL. Ky lloj bllokimi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb operator\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin PPPoE.<\/p>\n<p>Procesi i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb listave t\u00eb qasjes \u00ebsht\u00eb ekstremisht i thjesht\u00eb. Pas krijimit t\u00eb vet\u00eb list\u00ebs, nevojitet t\u00eb shtohet numri i duhur i hyrjeve, tipi i t\u00eb cilave varet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga lista q\u00eb po konfiguroni.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Konfigurimi i listave t\u00eb qasjes<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/b657b4b762f334f5f39b96228d11d4b7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7db1c5c5f42a62bbe65b57fa342d4598.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/21c697e3ac31d56917b1fb09448f3a3f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/58a20ff5c0d9bc59ba0180997ba8dc8d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e516199c05bc1b68203d3f6b5a1735ee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/046bd4c507d75678f16ee66755246755.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDuhet t\u00eb theksohet se listat e qasjes mund t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm operacione normale p\u00ebr leht\u00ebsimin ose ndalimin e kalimit t\u00eb trafikut, por gjithashtu t\u00eb merren me drejtimin e tij, pasqyrimin, si dhe t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb ri-etiketimin e tij ose ta kufizojn\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi.<br \/>\nPasi t\u00eb krijohen t\u00eb gjitha ACL t\u00eb nevojshme, administrator\u00ebt mund t\u00eb realizojn\u00eb instalimin e tyre. Lejohet lidhja e list\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes si me portin fizik t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, ashtu edhe me nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb caktuar virtual.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ec357308fa285421d175a88df5ac04d9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Siguria \u2013 numri i adresave MAC<\/h3>\n<p>\nNdonj\u00ebher\u00eb operator\u00ebt kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb numrin e adresave MAC q\u00eb switch-i do t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb port t\u00eb caktuar. Listat e qasjes lejojn\u00eb arritjen e k\u00ebtij efekti, por k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb specifikim t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00eb adresave MAC. N\u00ebse k\u00ebrkohet vet\u00ebm kufizimi i numrit t\u00eb adresave kanale, pa i specifikuar ato hapur, port security vjen n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/24ae781fb88a0873ca3dd356a2006906.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKy kufizim mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga lidhja e nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb lokal n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe switch-i t\u00eb ofruesit. K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb sqarohet se flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lidhje switch-u, sepse kur lidhet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb router-i, n\u00eb an\u00ebn e klientit T2600G-28SQ do t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb adres\u00eb \u2013 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb MAC-i q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket portit WAN t\u00eb router-it t\u00eb klientit.<\/p>\n<p>Ekziston nj\u00eb klas i t\u00ebr\u00eb sulmesh q\u00eb targetojn\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrruesit. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbushja e tabel\u00ebs dhe MAC-spoofing. Opsioni i siguris\u00eb s\u00eb portit do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u mbrojtur nga mbushja e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb ur\u00ebs dhe nga sulmet q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb riprogramojn\u00eb q\u00ebllimisht nd\u00ebrruesin dhe t\u00eb helmojn\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb ur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk mund t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendet as pajisja klient\u00ebve q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme situatat kur nj\u00eb kart\u00eb rrjeti apo nj\u00eb router q\u00eb funksionon gabim krijon nj\u00eb fluks kadrosh me adresa t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme d\u00ebrguesi dhe marr\u00ebsi. Ky fluks mund t\u00eb shteroj\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht CAM.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar numrin e regjistrimeve n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb mjeti MAC VLAN Security, me t\u00eb cilin administratori mund t\u00eb specifikoj\u00eb numrin maksimal t\u00eb regjistrimeve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet virtual t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/fa90cfe20142f297e914206510ad7564.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 menaxhimit t\u00eb regjistrimeve dinamike n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrruesit, administratori gjithashtu mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb regjistrime statike.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/88c7e50213071ebe54bde20ee7b52aa1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTabela maksimale e ur\u00ebs e modelit T2600G-28SQ mund t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 16K regjistrime.<br \/>\nNj\u00eb opsion tjet\u00ebr, i projektuar p\u00ebr filtrimin e trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, \u00ebsht\u00eb funksioni i Port Isolation, i cili lejon shprehimisht t\u00eb specifikohet n\u00eb cilin drejtim lejohet p\u00ebrcjellja.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8a0e032269dcb413eeea61d4c717da48.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/b7c793b92d5c84fc2fee017635539f96.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Siguria \u2013 IMPB<\/h3>\n<p>\nN\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e atdheut ton\u00eb, qasja e operator\u00ebve t\u00eb rrjetit ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet ndryshon nga injorimi i plot\u00eb n\u00eb aplikimin maksimal t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha opsioneve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura nga pajisjet.<\/p>\n<p>Funksionet IPv4 IMPB (IP-MAC-Port Binding) dhe IPv6 IMPB lejojn\u00eb mbrojtjen nga nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb sulmesh t\u00eb lidhura me z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e adresave IP dhe MAC nga abonent\u00ebt, duke lidhur adresat IP dhe MAC t\u00eb pajisjes klient me nd\u00ebrfaqen e nd\u00ebrruesit t\u00eb ofruesit. Kjo lidhje mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet manualisht, ose duke p\u00ebrdorur funksionet ARP Scanning dhe DHCP Snooping.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Cil\u00ebsimet kryesore t\u00eb IMPB<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e5b0e69b9da1049814bb411bd20344d3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a3d1b057ed3abd39977bfcdcc7f1b83c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d90b855df7bf6c8a4738fa7afa170bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b289aa55874e001186ea0c909b67617.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/10bd1a6e78ab0a197b932b45099c96dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9444e36953d7ee692937f53393ecaecc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb thuhet se p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e protokollit DHCP mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb funksion special \u2013 DHCP Filter.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3660b80c507504477a408cca7a3af947.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/476c0d9882812335df366c18e20bf784.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMe k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion, administratori i rrjetit mund t\u00eb specifikoj\u00eb manualisht ato nd\u00ebrfaqe, ku jan\u00eb lidhur server\u00ebt DHCP t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, server\u00ebt DHCP t\u00eb rrem\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjn\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e negociat\u00ebs s\u00eb parametrave IP.<\/p>\n<h3>Siguria \u2013 DoS Defend<\/h3>\n<p>\nModeli i shqyrtuar lejon mbrojtjen e p\u00ebrdoruesve nga disa nga sulmet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura dhe t\u00eb zakonshme DoS.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/4e247ca7c7f54f7bfeaa1bfb7256c4ca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nShumica e sulmeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura tashm\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb frikshme p\u00ebr pajisjet me sisteme operative moderne, megjithat\u00eb ende n\u00eb rrjetet tona mund t\u00eb hasen t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i fundit i softuerit ka ndodhur shum\u00eb vite m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr DHCP<\/h3>\n<p>\nSwitchi TP-Link T2600G-28SQ mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb server ose nj\u00eb rel\u00e8 DHCP, duke kryer gjithashtu filtrimin e ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb mesazheve DHCP n\u00ebse nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr vepron si server.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebrdoruesve parametrat IP t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pun\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizoni serverin DHCP t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb switch. Parametrat kryesor\u00eb mund t\u00eb jepen tashm\u00eb abonent\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tij.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6feeb5fb761cad5a22dbca61ed5b08bf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/01882aa858887731da3e9fa6c05e64f1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2f77b2ab3746cafc0473ebfb2df24049.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNe lidh\u00ebm routerin ton\u00eb SOHO Archer C6 me nj\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrfaqet e switch-it dhe konfirmuam se pajisja klient mori me sukses adres\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Kjo duket k\u00ebshtu<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f23431e30e54b8b2da86071793ef4704.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/01ee35c7f5bff8ebec723406a827a147.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nServeri DHCP i integruar n\u00eb switch ndoshta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja m\u00eb e shkall\u00ebzuar dhe fleksib\u00ebl: nuk mb\u00ebshtet opsione jo-standarde, mungon lidhja me IPAM. N\u00ebse operatori k\u00ebrkon m\u00eb shum\u00eb kontroll mbi procesin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb adresave IP, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret ndonj\u00eb server DHCP t\u00eb kushtuar.<\/p>\n<p>T2600G-28SQ lejon p\u00ebr \u00e7do subnet p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb specifikohet nj\u00eb server DHCP i dedikuar, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb redirektohen mesazhet e protokollit t\u00eb diskutuar. Zgjedhja e subnet-et b\u00ebhet duke treguar nd\u00ebrfaqen e duhur L3: VLAN (SVI), port t\u00eb routing-ut ose port-channel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/29593e528cf2c49533c5f29aaa2e9c7c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0a0979d517db2fad23b517abe2b12d80.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar funksionimin e rel\u00e8it, ne konfiguruam nj\u00eb router t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb prodhuesi tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar si nj\u00eb server DHCP, konfigurimet e t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb paraqitur m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">R1#sho run | s pool\nip dhcp pool test\n\u00a0network 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0\n\u00a0default-router 192.168.0.1\n\u00a0dns-server 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRouteri klient p\u00ebrs\u00ebri mori me sukses adres\u00ebn IP.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">R1#sho ip dhcp binding\nBindings from all pools not associated with VRF:\nIP address\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Client-ID\/          \u00a0 \u00a0 Lease expiration        Type\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hardware address\/\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0User name\n192.168.0.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 010c.8063.f0c2.6a   \u00a0 \u00a0 May 24 2019 05:07 PM    Automatic<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00ebn spojlerin - p\u00ebrmbajtja e paket\u00ebs s\u00eb kapur midis switch-it dhe serverit DHCP t\u00eb dedikuar.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">P\u00ebrmbajtja e paket\u00ebs<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c2aeec99eaf08babfcc45f05c1b8fe20.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNuk duhet l\u00ebn\u00eb pa p\u00ebrmendur mb\u00ebshtetjen p\u00ebr Opsionin 82 nga switch-i. Me aktivizimin e tij, switch-i do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb informacione mbi nd\u00ebrfaqen e p\u00ebrdoruesit, nga e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb mesazhi DHCP Discover. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, modeli T2600G-28SQ lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurohet politika e trajtimit t\u00eb informacionit t\u00eb shtuar gjat\u00eb futjes s\u00eb opsionit nr. 82. Prania e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb opsion mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme n\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur abonenti duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin IP, pavar\u00ebsisht nga identifikuesi i klientit (client-id) q\u00eb njofton p\u00ebr veten e tij.<br \/>\nN\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb paraqitet mesazhi DHCP Discover (i d\u00ebrguar nga relay) me opsionin nr. 82 t\u00eb shtuar.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Mesazhi me opsionin nr. 82<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5209e964b2f4b961549caa41186aae1a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSigurisht, mund t\u00eb menaxhohet opsioni nr. 82 edhe pa konfiguruar nj\u00eb relay DHCP t\u00eb plot\u00eb, konfigurimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse jan\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb n\u00ebnpjes\u00ebn \u00abDHCP L2 Relay\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/030b8b8d5643db187fbc536ee9a65ad3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d1ef234eaa7e68494e8cfdf63f9b61ca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTani le t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb konfigurimet e serverit DHCP p\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar funksionimin e opsionit nr. 82.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">R1#sho run | s dhcp\nip dhcp pool test\n\u00a0network 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0\n\u00a0default-router 192.168.0.1\n\u00a0dns-server 8.8.8.8\n\u00a0class option82_test\n\u00a0\u00a0address range 192.168.0.222 192.168.0.222\nip dhcp class option82_test\n\u00a0relay agent information\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0relay-information hex 010e010c74702d6c696e6b5f746573740208000668ff7b66f675\nR1#sho ip dhcp binding\nBindings from all pools not associated with VRF:\nIP address\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Client-ID\/          \u00a0 \u00a0 Lease expiration        Type\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hardware address\/\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0User name\n192.168.0.222 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 010c.8063.f0c2.6a   \u00a0 \u00a0 May 24 2019 05:33 PM    Automatic<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb duket p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ea060a5e7f651f439d01f87e769cebcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nFunksioni i relay interface DHCP do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur n\u00eb switch p\u00ebrve\u00e7se ka nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe L3 t\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb caktuar, kjo nd\u00ebrfaqe gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb adres\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb till\u00eb, do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb funksioni DHCP VLAN relay. Informacioni mbi subnetin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast merret nga nd\u00ebrfaqja e paracaktuar, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat adresore n\u00eb disa rrjete virtuale do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta (do t\u00eb mbivendosen).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/144798b0657313867fe3561a19491588.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nShpesh operator\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb siguroni abonent\u00ebt nga aktivizimi gabim apo me q\u00ebllim i dh\u00ebn\u00eb i serverit DHCP n\u00eb pajisjet e klient\u00ebve. Diskutimi mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb funksionalitet ne vendos\u00ebm ta sjellim n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga seksionet q\u00eb i kushtohen \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb.<\/p>\n<h3>IEEE 802.1X<\/h3>\n<p>\nNj\u00eb nga m\u00ebnyrat p\u00ebr autentikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i protokollit IEEE 802.1X. Popullariteti i k\u00ebtij protokolli n\u00eb rrjetet e operator\u00ebve t\u00eb komunikacionit n\u00eb Rusi tashm\u00eb ka filluar t\u00eb bjer\u00eb, por ai ende p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht n\u00eb rrjetet lokale t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr autentikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb organizatave. Swit\u00e7i T2600G-28SQ mb\u00ebshtet 802.1X, prandaj n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, ofruesi mund ta aktivizoj\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht at\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr funksionimin e protokollit IEEE 802.1X nevojiten tre pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs: pajisja klient (supplicant), swit\u00e7i i aksesit t\u00eb ofruesit (authenticator) dhe serverat e autentikimit (zakonisht serverat RADIUS).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/84a83abce77dedc15167d8bf9544104b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKonfigurimi baz\u00eb nga ana e operatorit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb. Nevojitet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb specifikohet adresa IP e serverit RADIUS q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret, ku do t\u00eb ruhet baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, si dhe t\u00eb zgjidhen interfisat p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme autentikimi.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Konfigurimi baz\u00eb i 802.1X<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/fce16a4e161f748c122d870c1402a33b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ce7f4a576c6cac958b6532c14dbe74c0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/26e55f233ce1d4699125fa708bd71d7d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/14e3511a67b3ead7705f1a9bd17e126d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ee8916b8b20f2e0feccc750dcf6a3966.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNga ana e klientit gjithashtu k\u00ebrkohet konfigurim i vog\u00ebl. T\u00eb gjitha sistemet operative moderne tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb softuerin e nevojsh\u00ebm. Por, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, mund t\u00eb instaloni dhe p\u00ebrdorni TP-Link 802.1x Client \u2013 nj\u00eb aplikacion q\u00eb lejon autentikimin e klientit n\u00eb rrjet.<\/p>\n<p>Kur lidhen PC-t\u00eb e p\u00ebrdoruesit drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb rrjetin e ofruesit, q\u00ebllimi i autentikimit duhet t\u00eb aktivizohet p\u00ebr kart\u00ebn e rrjetit q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr lidhjen.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/48fb3e3d391705c4a424841708ec227b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5574857815c75f90169113ed468baaac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/71545d12becfb9c311ca733a71c4ea25.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMegjithat\u00eb, aktualisht n\u00eb rrjetin e operatorit zakonisht nuk lidhet direkt kompjuteri i p\u00ebrdoruesit, por nj\u00eb router SOHO q\u00eb garanton funksionimin e rrjetit lokal t\u00eb abonentit (si p\u00ebr segmentet e kabllit ashtu edhe p\u00ebr ato pa tel). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, t\u00eb gjitha konfigurimet e protokollit 802.1X duhet t\u00eb kryhen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb router.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/80c6e5133ef1bce755f724d9489017ab.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa duket se n\u00eb rrjetet e operator\u00ebve ky m\u00ebnyr\u00eb autentikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e pavler\u00ebsuar. Po, lidhja e ngurt\u00eb e abonentit me portin e swit\u00e7it, ndoshta do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin e konfigurimeve t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve. Por, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorimi i emrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe fjal\u00ebkalimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm, at\u00ebher\u00eb 802.1X nuk do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb protokoll aq i r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me lidhjet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin tunelet PPTP\/L2TP\/PPPoE.<\/p>\n<h3>PPPoE ID Insertion<\/h3>\n<p>\nShum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, akoma preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin fjal\u00ebkalime shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, rastet e vjedhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb llogarive nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pazakonta. N\u00ebse operatori n\u00eb rrjetin e tij p\u00ebrdor protokollin PPPoE p\u00ebr autentikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve, at\u00ebher\u00eb switch-i TP-Link T2600G-28SQ mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problematikave t\u00eb lidhura me rrjedhjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb llogarive. Kjo arrihet duke shtuar nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb speciale n\u00eb mesazhin PPPoE Active Discovery. K\u00ebshtu, ofruesi mund t\u00eb autentikoj\u00eb abonentin jo vet\u00ebm me ID dhe fjal\u00ebkalim, por gjithashtu me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shtes\u00eb. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb pajisjes s\u00eb klientit, si dhe interfejsin e switch-it n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur ajo.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/36bee4f88c30e6d73d67e48aa4caf279.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDisa operator\u00eb n\u00eb parim d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb abonentin (\u00e7ifti ID dhe fjal\u00ebkalim) nga l\u00ebvizja n\u00eb rrjet. Funksioni PPPoE ID Insertion ndihmon gjithashtu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast.<\/p>\n<h3>IGMP<\/h3>\n<p>\nProtokolli IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) ekziston tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr disa dekada. Popullariteti i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht i kuptuesh\u00ebm dhe leht\u00eb i shpjeguesh\u00ebm. Por n\u00eb interaksionin me IGMP marrin pjes\u00eb dy pal\u00eb: PC-ja e p\u00ebrdoruesit (ose \u00e7do pajisje tjet\u00ebr, si STB) dhe router-i IP q\u00eb sh\u00ebrben nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb rrjetit. Switch-at nuk marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo deklarat\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e sakt\u00eb. Ose n\u00eb rrjetet moderne nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakt\u00eb fare. Mb\u00ebshtetja e protokollit IGMP nga ana e switch-eve \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb optimizuar shp\u00ebrndarjen e trafik grupor. Duke d\u00ebgjuar trafikun e p\u00ebrdoruesit, switch-i zbulon n\u00eb t\u00eb mesazhet IGMP Report, me an\u00eb t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrcakton portet p\u00ebr transferimin e trafik grupor. Opsioni i p\u00ebrshkruar quhet IGMP Snooping.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/821a3271de0abaf96f30d0362197641c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e2aabb8cceef6cf5744b73d2dbe06757.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d05831139a806d59e3a254e81c117870.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetja e protokollit IGMP mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr optimizimin e trafik, por gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar abonent\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u2019u ofrohet nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb caktuar, si p.sh. IPTV. Arrihet q\u00ebllimi i d\u00ebshiruar si p\u00ebrmes konfigurimit t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb filtrimit manualisht, ashtu edhe p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb autentikimit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1bcce235ca8a0b7c5e252923f2dde5aa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7f01f7f1ffd91a43842027db73877424.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/4b257dcc852f8ca94cb3fe3d2a4d88cc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMb\u00ebshtetja e trafik grupor n\u00eb switch-at TP-Link \u00ebsht\u00eb e realizuar mjaft fleksibilisht. P\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb gjitha parametrat mund t\u00eb vendosen p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn rrjet t\u00eb virtualizuar ve\u00e7mas.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/de5878132f6c38ecb29dd708d1e789ba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6217a8a6140a1c78ba44d66f052d4738.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00ebse nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe routingu \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me disa n\u00ebnrrjete, ku jan\u00eb vendosur marr\u00ebsit e trafikut grupor, at\u00ebher\u00eb ky router do t\u00eb detyrohet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb disa kopje t\u00eb paketave p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqeje (nj\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do rrjet virtual). <br \/>\nOptimizimi i procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb trafikut grupor n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me teknologjin\u00eb MVR \u2013 Regjistrimi VLAN Multicast.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5ee56dda04ed4094589294b824e9637f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/29c20443d795e53590633d7103bcf4e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZgjidhja p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga krijimi i nj\u00eb rrjeti virtual, q\u00eb unifikon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb marr\u00ebsit. Megjithat\u00eb, ky rrjet virtual p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr trafikun grupor. Ky qasje lejon routerin t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb trafikut grupor p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes.<\/p>\n<h3>DDM, OAM dhe DLDP<\/h3>\n<p>\nDDM \u2013 Monitorimi Diagnostik Digital. Gjat\u00eb aktiviteteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb moduleve optike shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb monitorohet gjendja e vet\u00eb modulit, si dhe e kanalit optik, t\u00eb cilit ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur. Kjo detyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohet me ndihm\u00ebn e funksionit DDM. Me ndihm\u00ebn e tij, inxhinier\u00ebt e operatorit do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ndjekin temperatur\u00ebn e secilit modul q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet k\u00ebt\u00eb funksionalitet, tensionin e tij dhe rrym\u00ebn, si dhe fuqit\u00eb e sinjaleve optike t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara dhe t\u00eb pranuara.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ba794f2dc717a9ce45c305dc063f9a82.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVendosja e niveleve kufizuese p\u00ebr parametrat e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb gjenerimin e nj\u00eb ngjarjeje n\u00eb rast se ata kalojn\u00eb intervalin e pranuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Konfigurimi i pragjeve t\u00eb aktivizimit DDM<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/614f4f968e1719c13ed211f41edc4f58.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8b30d970b78bb5c0fa06a8cbcc860784.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/7059eeaec5bbc20008986b51d6993832.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNatyrisht, administratori mund t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb vlerat aktuale t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre parametrave.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ef99e685414acf1dd75015ae6c6c2691.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSwitchi TP-Link T2600G-28SQ ka nj\u00eb sistem aktiv t\u00eb ftohjes me aj\u00ebr. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ne asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kemi hasur probl\u00e9m n\u00eb ngrohjen e moduleve SFP n\u00eb switch-et tan\u00eb, t\u00eb lidhur me densitetin e porteve. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse e hipotizojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mund\u00ebsi (p.sh. p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb problemi brenda modulit SFP), at\u00ebher\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e DDM, administratori do t\u00eb njoftohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb situat\u00eb potencialisht t\u00eb rrezikshme. Rreziku k\u00ebtu, natyrisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00eb switchin, por p\u00ebr diodin\/lazerin brenda SFP, pasi me rritjen e temperatur\u00ebs s\u00eb tij mund t\u00eb ndodhi degradimi i fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb sinjalit optik t\u00eb emetuar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb uljen e buxhetit optik.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se switch-et TP-Link nuk kan\u00eb \"funksionin\" t\u00eb bllokimit t\u00eb shit\u00ebsit, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten t\u00eb gjitha modul\u00ebt SFP t\u00eb kompatibilitetit, q\u00eb, natyrisht, do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt e rrjetit.<\/p>\n<p>OAM \u2014 Operacion, Administrim dhe Mir\u00ebmbajtje (IEEE 802.3ah). OAM \u2013 nj\u00eb protokoll i nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb modelit OSI, i destinuar p\u00ebr monitorimin dhe gjetjen e defekteve n\u00eb rrjetet Ethernet. Me an\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij protokolli, switch-i mund t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb lidhjeje t\u00eb caktuar dhe gabimet, duke gjeneruar njoftime p\u00ebr t'i lejuar administratorit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb menaxhoj\u00eb m\u00eb efektivisht rrjetin.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Konfigurimi i Baz\u00ebs s\u00eb OAM<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e01a92e3efdf54c592c20c59d93ffd3f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c1968538fc68c081b1ee570f03be52d6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/b5f76da323308ae245b44cf8fde2dc4d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cc95bb55e5d19e82e35363864e45555e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Detajet e funksionimit t\u00eb OAM<\/b>Dy pajisje t\u00eb ngjashme q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin OAM b\u00ebjn\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim periodic mesazhesh p\u00ebrmes d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb OAMPDU-ve, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb tri llojeve: Informative, Njoftimin p\u00ebr Ngjarjet dhe Kontrollin e Rrethit. Me an\u00eb t\u00eb OAMPDU-ve informative, switch-et e fqinj\u00ebve i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrit informacion statistik, si dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen nga administrator\u00ebt. Ky lloj mesazhi gjithashtu p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur lidhjen p\u00ebrmes protokollit OAM. Mesazhet e Njoftimit t\u00eb Ngjarjeve p\u00ebrdoren nga funksioni i monitorimit t\u00eb lidhjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar pal\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr ndodhit\u00eb e defekteve. Mesazhet e Kontrollit t\u00eb Rrethit p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl n\u00eb linj\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb posht\u00eb kemi vendosur t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim mund\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore q\u00eb ofron protokolli OAM:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>monitorimi i mjedisit (zbulimi dhe num\u00ebrimi i kornizave t\u00eb prishura),\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f9b75f293bb5220c4eaaf5c0c3df54a7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>RFI \u2013 Njoftimi i Defektit t\u00eb Larg\u00ebt (d\u00ebrgimi i njoftimit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb kanalin),\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/54690ec0bfd8fc2814bac37fdab0816e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loopback i Larg\u00ebt (testimi i kanalit p\u00ebr matjen e vones\u00ebs, variacionit t\u00eb vones\u00ebs (jitter), numrit t\u00eb kornizave t\u00eb humbura).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2a1c80ad408ed0afa46397591cd71de2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr opsion i k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb switch-et optike \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zbulimin e problemeve n\u00eb kanalin e komunikimit, q\u00eb shkakton q\u00eb kanali t\u00eb b\u00ebhet simplex, dmth d\u00ebrgimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim. Switch-et tan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime zbuluese t\u00eb lidhjeve nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm protokollin DLDP \u2013 Protokolli i Zbulimit t\u00eb Lidhjes s\u00eb Pajisjeve. Me drejt\u00ebsi, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se protokolli DLDP mb\u00ebshtetet si n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet optike ashtu edhe n\u00eb ato bakri, megjithat\u00eb, sipas mendimit ton\u00eb, ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i k\u00ebrkuar gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb linjave optike.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/47b234aca57fa6c6dbcfd872c72e06f7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKur zbulohet nj\u00eb kanal nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm, switch-i mund t\u00eb \u00e7 aktivizoj\u00eb automatikisht nd\u00ebrfaqen problematike, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb rind\u00ebrtimin e pem\u00ebs STP dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e kanaleve rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb komunikimit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb arsenalin ton\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb modula SFP q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb marrjen dhe d\u00ebrgimin e sinjalit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb fij\u00eb. Ato funksionojn\u00eb ekskluzivisht n\u00eb \u00e7ifte dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar brenda \u00e7iftit p\u00ebrdorin sinjalin optik n\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi vale t\u00eb ndryshme. Nj\u00eb shembull mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u00e7ifti TL-SM321A dhe TL-SM321B. Kur p\u00ebrdoren k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj moduli, d\u00ebmtimi i nj\u00eb fij\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb papunueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e plot\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kanalit optik. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto kanale, protokolli DLDP do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i k\u00ebrkuar, pasi, megjith\u00ebse ndodh shum\u00eb rrall\u00eb, kanali mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme vale. Problemi m\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm q\u00eb ka n\u00eb lidhje me transparenc\u00ebn e kanalit \u00ebsht\u00eb var\u00ebsia e tij nga drejtimi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb drit\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb reflektogram do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zbulimin e problemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<h3>LLDP<\/h3>\n<p>\nN\u00eb rrjetet e m\u00ebdha korporative ose operatorike ndodhin her\u00eb pas here probleme me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e dokumentacionit t\u00eb rrjetit ose pasakt\u00ebsive gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb tij. Administratori i rrjetit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me situat\u00ebn ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se cili pajisje operatori \u00ebsht\u00eb realisht e lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb ose at\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb switch-it. Protokolli LLDP \u2013 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1AB) do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Parametrat e funksionimit t\u00eb LLDP<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e1c85683fd68134c4c11843818bf90b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1375a28a5b9fb76fb1da80a5fb7e9328.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46f1cb5b878b5fd81378ab4ad09a62f4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1f8cfe2684ed062bbde3367ef3a7fe74.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/22052a9ebc6df32c3b8818cef380f1cf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ec0103d4aa6e366e233b2fccbd9eebc7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSwitch-t\u00eb tan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin protokollin LLDP jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar switch-t\u00eb fqinj\u00eb ose pajisje t\u00eb tjera rrjetesh, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar kapacitetet e tyre.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/d0aa712fa6b00fabf2a12fad8eee1e33.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/37b76d160abda490a8c1ecbcf42282da.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/641b4f992392d222fcac2b46766c814a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e bakrit t\u00eb switch-it ton\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin LLDP-MED p\u00ebr t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsuar procedur\u00ebn e lidhjes s\u00eb telefonave IP. Po ashtu, me k\u00ebt\u00eb opsion, switch-i PoE mund t\u00eb pajtohet me parametrat e furnizimit energjitik me pajisjen q\u00eb po furnizohet. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kemi diskutuar mjaft detalish n\u00eb nj\u00ebrin nga materialet tona <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tp_link_russia\/blog\/351614\/\">t\u00eb kaluara<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h3>SDM dhe ri-n\u00ebnshkrimi<\/h3>\n<p>\nPraktikisht t\u00eb gjitha switch-et moderne p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb paketat dhe frame-t q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorur procesorin qendror. P\u00ebrpunimi (llogaritja e checksum-it, aplikimi i listave t\u00eb qasjes dhe kryerja e verifikimeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, si dhe marrja e vendimit p\u00ebr komutimin\/rutimin) b\u00ebhet nga \u00e7ipe t\u00eb specializuar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon arritjen e shpejt\u00ebsive t\u00eb larta t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb trafik t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve. Switch-i n\u00eb fjal\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrpunimin e trafik n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e mediumit. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se performanca e pajisjes \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat me shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha porteve n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. Modeli T2600G-28SQ ka 24 porte downlink (n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve), q\u00eb punojn\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsi 1 Gbps, si dhe 4 porte uplink (n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb rrjetit) me 10 Gbps. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, performanca e bus-it t\u00eb switch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 128 Gbps, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuar shumen maksimale t\u00eb trafik t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se performanca e matric\u00ebs s\u00eb komutimit \u00ebsht\u00eb 95,2 milion paketa n\u00eb sekond\u00eb. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se me p\u00ebrdorimin e frame-ve minimalisht t\u00eb mundshme me gjat\u00ebsi vet\u00ebm 64 byte, performanca totale e pajisjes do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb 97,5 Gbps. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb profil i till\u00eb trafiku \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht i pamundur p\u00ebr rrjetet e operator\u00ebve t\u00eb komunikimit.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ripranimi<\/b>Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjet\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb raporti i shpejt\u00ebsive midis kanaleve t\u00eb ngjitur dhe atyre t\u00eb zbres\u00ebsh (ripranimi). K\u00ebtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente se gjith\u00e7ka varet nga topologjia. N\u00ebse administratori p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb kat\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet 10 GE p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me thelbin e rrjetit dhe i bashkon ato me teknologjin\u00eb LAG (Link Aggregation Group) ose Port-Channel, at\u00ebher\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia e marr\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb thelbit statistikor do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 40 Gbps, e cila do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb se e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur nevojat e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb abonent\u00ebve t\u00eb lidhur. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr lidhjet e ngjitura t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb pajisje fizike. Lidhja mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me nj\u00eb grumbull switch-esh, ose me dy pajisje t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull (p\u00ebrmes teknologjis\u00eb vPC ose t\u00eb ngjashme). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ripranimi nuk ekziston.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/96c03b6c3e5f3f84122cc4c87de028dd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb kat\u00ebr kanaleve t\u00eb ngritjes s\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb arrihet jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes kombinimit t\u00eb tyre me an\u00eb t\u00eb LAG. Nj\u00eb efekt t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm mund t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes konfigurimit t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb MSTP, megjithat\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb histori tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e zakonshme p\u00ebr L2 lidhjen \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i dy LAG-ve t\u00eb pavarura (nj\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do switch agregimi). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mundshme q\u00eb nj\u00eb nga lidhjet virtuale t\u00eb bllokohet nga protokolli STP (kur p\u00ebrdoret STP ose RSTP). Rishp\u00ebrndarja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 5:6.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9d2bb1d7144327338906f5ee2d76d293.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNj\u00eb situat\u00eb m\u00eb e rrall\u00eb, por ende e mundshme: T2600G-28SQ \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me kanale t\u00eb pavarura n\u00eb switch-in m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose switches. Protokolli STP\/RSTP do t\u00eb l\u00ebr\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nga lidhjet e tilla n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb papenguar. Rishp\u00ebrndarja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 5:12.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/fb4a8c1ba5c306b8af912731b779733b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDetyra me yll: llogaritni rishp\u00ebrndarjen p\u00ebr situatat e p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb seksionin STP, ku kemi shqyrtuar nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb topologjis\u00eb, kur dy switches qasje jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb pajisje agregimi dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ipe programueshm\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilat arrihet kaq shpejt\u00ebsia e lart\u00eb e d\u00ebrges\u00ebs, jan\u00eb nj\u00eb burim shum\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb, prandaj p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb optimizojm\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e tyre p\u00ebrmes shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb duhur t\u00eb burimeve nd\u00ebrmjet funksioneve t\u00eb ndryshme. Shp\u00ebrndarja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e SDM - Menaxhimi i Baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Switch-it.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/81327b804ba413cf18cdd5d857a40f2b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nShp\u00ebrndarja b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes profilit SDM. Momentalisht jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion tre profile p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur, t\u00eb renditur m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Default ofron nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb balancuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e listave t\u00eb qasjes MAC dhe IP, si dhe regjistrimeve t\u00eb zbulimit ARP.\n<\/li>\n<li>EnterpriseV4 lejon maksimizimin e burimeve t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e listave t\u00eb qasjes MAC dhe IP.\n<\/li>\n<li>EnterpriseV6 ndan nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e listave t\u00eb qasjes IPv6.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar nj\u00eb profil t\u00eb ri, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme nj\u00eb ribashkim i switch-it.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n<p>\nSipas pozicionimit fillestar, ky switch \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr operator\u00ebt e telekomunikacionit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u shtrohen detyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar qasje n\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Aparati mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si n\u00eb nivelin e qasjes, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb komplekset e vilave dhe townhouse, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr agregimin e kanaleve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga switch-e t\u00eb qasjes t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat shum\u00ebkat\u00ebshe; do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, kudo ku k\u00ebrkohen lidhje me objekte t\u00eb distancuara. Kur p\u00ebrdoren kanalet optike, abonenti i lidhur mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb deri n\u00eb disa kilometra larg.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/43c22f2f9139a5cddd6d5c5eb1654ba2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f98bb979d03ec9f336cb9a93df8d8762.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c7switchi optik TP-Link T2600G-28SQ p\u00ebr ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve: nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e detajuar&nbsp;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/26900a2455657ae7192eb09f84d6e1f6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNga ana e klient\u00ebve, linjat optike mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb switch-e t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl me nd\u00ebrfaqe optike, ose n\u00eb konvertues mediash.<\/p>\n<p>Numri i madh i protokolleve dhe opsioneve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e T2600G-28SQ n\u00eb rrjetin Ethernet t\u00eb operatorit me \u00e7do topologji dhe \u00e7do grup teknologjish dhe sh\u00ebrbimesh t\u00eb ofruara. Switch-i kontrollohet n\u00eb distanc\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeje web ose komandave t\u00eb linj\u00ebs. N\u00ebse nevojitet konfigurim lokal, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret porta e konsol\u00ebs; n\u00eb modelin T2600G-28SQ ka dy: RJ-45 dhe micro-USB. Si nj\u00eb pik\u00eb negative, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim munges\u00ebn e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr stakimin dhe nj\u00ebsin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb furnizimit me energji. Megjithat\u00eb, zakonisht jasht\u00eb qendrav\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ofruesve, pranimi i nj\u00eb linje elektrike t\u00eb dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithashtu i rrall\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb \u00e7mimin e ul\u00ebt, numrin e madh t\u00eb porteve optike p\u00ebr abonent\u00eb, pranin\u00eb e uplink-eve optike 10 GE, si dhe kat\u00ebr porte t\u00eb kombinuara dhe transferimin e trafik t\u00eb mbushur me shpejt\u00ebsi.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/tp_link_russia\/blog\/460421\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u2014\u00a0\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 4 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f (\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f 15 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443). \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 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