{"id":36503,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ne-hodite-v-afriku-gulyat-kak-obstoyat-dela-s-internet-tsenzuroj-na-chernom-kontinente\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:00","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:00","slug":"ne-hodite-v-afriku-gulyat-kak-obstoyat-dela-s-internet-tsenzuroj-na-chernom-kontinente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ne-hodite-v-afriku-gulyat-kak-obstoyat-dela-s-internet-tsenzuroj-na-chernom-kontinente","title":{"rendered":"Mos shkoni n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebtitur: si ndodhen gj\u00ebrat me censur\u00ebn e internetit n\u00eb kontinentin e Zi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Mos
\n
\nVitni i fundit disa vjet kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb teknologjive t\u00eb internetit dhe infiltrimin e internetit n\u00eb ato rajone t\u00eb planetit ku edhe me lidhjen standarde mobile \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Jan\u00eb zhvilluar dhe p\u00ebrdorur nga zyrtar\u00ebt mjetet e censur\u00ebs s\u00eb internetit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ndalimin e faqeve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve, shikimin e mesazheve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e post\u00ebs elektronike dhe bisedave, filtrimin e paketeve p\u00ebrmes DPI-s\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto, gazetar\u00ebt e medias s\u00eb njohur dhe m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohur shkruajn\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me Kin\u00ebn, Koren\u00eb e Veriut, Rusin\u00eb, Kazakistanin, Bjellorusin\u00eb etj. Censura e internetit ka infiltruar edhe Afrik\u00ebn. Sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr se si jan\u00eb gj\u00ebrat n\u00eb kontinentin e Zi.
\n <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pak fakte p\u00ebr \u00e7mimet dhe aksesin n\u00eb internet n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nDisa koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, interneti n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb kuriozitet q\u00eb shijohej vet\u00ebm nga banor\u00ebt e vendeve m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura t\u00eb kontinentit \u2014 Afrik\u00ebs s\u00eb Jugut, Tunizis\u00eb, Egjiptit. Duke filluar nga viti 2013, Afrik\u00ebs i jan\u00eb lidhur disa magjistrale n\u00ebnujore t\u00eb internetit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb qasja n\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar pak.<\/p>\n

\"Mos
\nAfrika dhe magjistralet e internetit n\u00eb vitin 2019 (burimi<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/i><\/p>\n

Por ndryshimet po implementohen ngadal\u00eb, dhe \u00e7mimet po ulen madje edhe m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb. N\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs, si interneti \"kabllor\" ashtu edhe lidhja mobile mbeten shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta. N\u00eb Namibi dhe Burkina Faso, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb lidhje individuale mujore pa limit s\u00eb fundmi kishte nj\u00eb \u00e7mim q\u00eb mjaftonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb, ndoshta edhe nj\u00eb fshat t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb CEI.<\/p>\n

\"Mos
\n
\nN\u00eb vitin 2018, Afrika vazhdonte t\u00eb ishte rajoni m\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb edhe n\u00eb aspektin e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb internetit mobil. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb Guinen\u00eb Ekuatoriale, Zimbabve dhe Swaziland \u2013 tri vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta \u2013 nj\u00eb gigabajt t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash mobile kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 dollar\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Mos
\nShtetet q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Sahar\u00ebs e kan\u00eb situat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe. K\u00ebtu ndodhen 31 vende, dhe n\u00eb 16 prej tyre interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i shtrenjti n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, situata po ndryshon p\u00ebr mir\u00eb - po shfaqen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb autostrada interneti, operator\u00eb telekomunikacionesh, duke rezultuar n\u00eb uljen e \u00e7mimeve. Por, paralelisht me rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb internetit, shfaqen dhe efekte negative - si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb censura n\u00eb internet. Kur p\u00ebrdoruesit e internetit jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00eb, dhe shumica e tyre i p\u00ebrkasin elitar\u00ebve politik\u00eb dhe biznesit lokal, censura nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme. Por kur n\u00eb rrjet lidhen dhjet\u00ebra dhe qindra mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz, qeverit\u00eb e disa vendeve fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn e filtrimit t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb k\u00ebto internetet tuaja.<\/p>\n

Censura n\u00eb internet n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs<\/h3>\n

\n\"Mos
\nCensura, censura n\u00eb internet kudo<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, si n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, po miratohen gradualisht ligje q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb rregullat e funksionimit me internetin, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb vendosjen e d\u00ebnimeve p\u00ebr krime kibernetike. Disa vende t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs kan\u00eb ligje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb kibernetike, propozime p\u00ebr ligje t\u00eb tilla po ofrohen edhe n\u00eb vendet e tjera. Deri tani, Somali, Sierra Leone, Guinea Ekuatoriale, Guinea dhe Guinea-Bisau po q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb pas. <\/p>\n

Por n\u00eb vendet e tjera, censura e internetit funksionon plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Tanzania<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka filloi n\u00eb vitin 2017, gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb tryeze t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebt me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs dhe Tanzanis\u00eb. Z\u00ebvend\u00ebsministri i komunikimeve dhe lidhjeve t\u00eb Tanzanis\u00eb e lavd\u00ebroi Kin\u00ebn<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb rregullator\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij vendi z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan platforma nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb internetit me sh\u00ebrbime lokale. Tanzania i quajti ato \"t\u00eb sht\u00ebna, t\u00eb sigurta dhe popullore\". At\u00ebher\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsministri u ankua se nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb e till\u00eb nuk ekziston n\u00eb vendin e tij, por ai nuk u m\u00ebrzit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mars 2018, rregullatori i Tanzanis\u00eb (Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority) k\u00ebrkoi q\u00eb bloger\u00ebt dhe operator\u00ebt e kanaleve t\u00eb televizionit dhe radios online t\u00eb regjistrohen. Gjat\u00eb regjistrimit, ata u detyruan t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb nj\u00eb tarif\u00eb prej rreth $930, duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar veprimtarin\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb prej tre vitesh.<\/p>\n

\"Mos
\n
\nN\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, rregullatori filloi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nga pronar\u00ebt e faqeve dhe forumeve q\u00eb t\u00eb heqin p\u00ebrmbajtjen \"opozitare\". M\u00eb pas, u fut\u00ebn sisteme t\u00eb specializuara p\u00ebr autentifikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb forume. Pronarit t\u00eb kafeve interneti (t\u00eb tilla vende jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb vend) iu k\u00ebrkua t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb logjet e aktiviteteve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr rreth nj\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

Shkelja e rregullave nd\u00ebshkohet me burg deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb vit dhe me nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb disa mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb amerikan\u00eb. Pas hyrjes n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb reja, u mbyll\u00ebn media t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb internet, pronar\u00ebt e t\u00eb cilave nuk d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb binin n\u00eb neverin\u00eb e organeve t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb ligjit.<\/p>\n

Uganda<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr banor\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij vendi, ndryshimet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e rrjeteve internetike u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme q\u00eb nga vera e vitit 2018. At\u00ebher\u00eb qeveria futi nj\u00eb taks\u00eb speciale p\u00ebr lidhjen me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 60 sh\u00ebrbime. Mes tyre ishin WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, Skype. Duhej t\u00eb paguhej rreth 50 cent n\u00eb dit\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn d\u00ebrrmuese t\u00eb banor\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duhej paguar edhe p\u00ebr internetin celular. Shuma totale e shpenzimeve direkte dhe indirekte arriti tashm\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb gjysm\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave mujore t\u00eb nj\u00eb qytetari.<\/p>\n

Numri i p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb internetit \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar, dhe m\u00eb pak para po hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb lokale. Problemi ishte gjithashtu se banor\u00ebt vendas p\u00ebrdornin sh\u00ebrbime mobile p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer transaksionet midis tyre. Pas futjes s\u00eb taks\u00ebs, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e p\u00ebrdoruesve e nd\u00ebrpreu krejt\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrdorimin e internetit, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tjera filluan t\u00eb lidhen p\u00ebrmes VPN p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb anonimitet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos paguar at\u00eb taks\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Etopia<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ka pasur censur\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr t\u00eb internetit. Forma t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb mendimit t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt jan\u00eb luftuar duke p\u00ebrdorur ligjin e vitit 2009 p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr terrorizmit. Megjithat\u00eb, kryeministri i ri i vendit, Abiy Ahmed, ka ulur pak intensitetin e censur\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Mos
\nKy nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi ku ndodhet ofruesi i internetit Ethio Telecom \u2013 ofruesi i vet\u00ebm, i cili gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb shtetit.<\/i><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb praktika e popullarizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur internetin n\u00eb rast t\u00eb trazirave mes qytetar\u00ebve. K\u00ebshtu, k\u00ebt\u00eb vit nuk kishte internet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs nj\u00eb grup avokat\u00ebsh paraqit\u00ebn nj\u00eb padi<\/a><\/noindex> kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb provider t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb internetit n\u00eb vend. Interneti mungoi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb qershorit, dhe problemet n\u00eb rajone vazhdojn\u00eb ende. Autoritetet e vendit vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpresin aksesin n\u00eb rrjet gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb provimeve komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb diplomimit.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga viti 2015, banor\u00ebt e Etiopis\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrballur disa her\u00eb me nd\u00ebrprerje masive t\u00eb internetit. N\u00eb fakt, n\u00ebse n\u00eb vend ka nj\u00eb provider t\u00eb vet\u00ebm interneti, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kenia<\/b><\/p>\n

Qeveria e k\u00ebtij vendi rregullon aktivisht internetin. Vitin e kaluar, u miratua nj\u00eb ligj sipas t\u00eb cilit shp\u00ebrndar\u00ebsit e \"informacioneve t\u00eb gabuara\" (nj\u00eb term i paqart\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb interpretohet n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb) merrnin nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb prej 50 mij\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb burgimeve deri n\u00eb dy vjet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kenia, jeta e videobloger\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u2014 k\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb regjistroheni si t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe t\u00eb paguani p\u00ebr \u00e7do video t\u00eb ngarkuar n\u00eb internet dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7do dit\u00eb xhirimi. k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kostoja e prodhimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb videoje edhe amatore \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e madhe saq\u00eb pak kush do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb merreshin me k\u00ebt\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa, n\u00ebse nuk paguani, mund t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe burgim deri n\u00eb 5 vjet<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Po k\u00ebtu gjithashtu ndalohen disa burime interneti q\u00eb jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Burundi<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shtet niveli i internetit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ul\u00ebt, por censura \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e lart\u00eb. Qeveria nuk heziton t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpres\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e vendit kur mendon se di\u00e7ka po shkon keq. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb vitin 2015, k\u00ebtu u ndaluan pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha rrjetet sociale dhe mesazhet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, burimet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e internetit bllokohen. Vitin e kaluar propozimi i ri ligjor ndryshoi ligjin \"P\u00ebr komunikimin\"<\/a><\/noindex>, duke e mund\u00ebsuar q\u00eb organet ligjzbatuese t\u00eb kapin mesazhet elektronike dhe t\u00eb nxjerrin informacion nga individ\u00eb dhe kompani me vendim t\u00eb prokuroris\u00eb. Disa kompani po shp\u00ebrngulin burimet e tyre n\u00eb zona t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb domenit, nd\u00ebrsa mediat u sugjerojn\u00eb lexuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin VPN.<\/p>\n

Afrika e Jugut, Egjipti, Maroku, Ruanda<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebto vende interneti \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse n\u00eb rregull. Rastet e censur\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta, ky mjet p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht kund\u00ebr burimeve q\u00eb administrohen nga terrorist\u00ebt, si dhe faqeve q\u00eb nuk flasin me respekt p\u00ebr autoritetet. Por nuk ka nd\u00ebshkime t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr \"mosrespekt\", as nuk ka taksa t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr lidhjen me rrjetet sociale apo mesazher\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb, her\u00eb pas here n\u00eb Marok bllokohen disa sh\u00ebrbime proxy<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Ruand\u00eb disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb u miratuan disa ligje n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e siguris\u00eb kibernetike, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave personale t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb internetit, si dhe informacioneve t\u00eb klasifikuara dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave bankare nga sulmet e kriminel\u00ebve kibernetik\u00eb. Autoritetet nuk abuzojn\u00eb shum\u00eb me k\u00ebto ligje. Nd\u00ebrsa kriminel\u00ebt kibernetik\u00eb n\u00eb vend tani kapen dhe nd\u00ebshkohen.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket vendeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, n\u00eb disa niveli i internetizimit \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq i ul\u00ebt saq\u00eb nuk ka kuptim t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr censor\u00eb \u2014 n\u00eb k\u00ebto shtete, p\u00ebr shembull, Burkina Faso, rrjeti ofrohet nga ofrues t\u00eb internetit \"pocket\", t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u qasen vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb elit\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lidhje me vendet ku niveli i internetization \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht i lart\u00eb, por gjithashtu po zhvillohet aktivisht cenzura, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga ekspert\u00ebt, banor\u00ebt lokal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin aktivisht mjete t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar bllokimet, si sh\u00ebrbimet VPN. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, Afrika nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe nga t\u00eb gjitha rajonet e tjera.<\/p>\n

A keni pasur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e internetit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb?
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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