{"id":36826,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/aleksej-savvateev-nobelevskaya-premiya-zhana-tirolya-za-analiz-nesovershennyh-rynkov-2014-i-kollektivnuyu-reputatsiyu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:01","slug":"aleksej-savvateev-nobelevskaya-premiya-zhana-tirolya-za-analiz-nesovershennyh-rynkov-2014-i-kollektivnuyu-reputatsiyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/aleksej-savvateev-nobelevskaya-premiya-zhana-tirolya-za-analiz-nesovershennyh-rynkov-2014-i-kollektivnuyu-reputatsiyu","title":{"rendered":"Alexey Savvateev: \u00c7mimi Nobel i Jean Tirole p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e tregjeve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrkryera (2014) dhe reputacionin kolektiv","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Alexey
\n
\nN\u00ebse do t\u00eb jepja nj\u00eb \u00c7mim Nobel Jean Tiroles, do ta jepja p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb loj\u00ebrave mbi reputacionin, ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn do ta p\u00ebrfshija n\u00eb formulim. M\u00eb duket se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo rast kur intuicioni yn\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet mir\u00eb me modelin, edhe pse verifikimi i k\u00ebtij modeli \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model i atyre q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ose e pamundur t\u00eb verifikohet dhe t\u00eb falsifikohet. Por ideja m\u00eb duket krejt\u00ebsisht brilante.<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimi Nobel<\/h3>\n

\nKonteksti i \u00e7mimit \u2014 t\u00ebrheqja p\u00ebrfundimtare nga koncepti i vet\u00ebm i ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm si analiz\u00eb e \u00e7do situate ekonomike.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb falni ekonomist\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sall\u00eb, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruaj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb popullore bazat e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr 20 minuta.<\/p>\n

1950<\/h3>\n

\nDominohet ky mendim, q\u00eb sistemi ekonomik i n\u00ebnshtrohet ligjeve strikte (si realiteti fizik \u2014 ligjeve t\u00eb Newtonit). Kjo ishte triumfi i qasjes p\u00ebr bashkimin e gjith\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs n\u00ebn nj\u00eb \u00e7ati t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Si duket kjo \u00e7ati.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nKa nj\u00eb treg. Ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar (n) familjesh, konsumator\u00ebsh t\u00eb mallrave, t\u00eb atyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt funksionon tregu (mallrat konsumohen). Dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar (J) subjektesh t\u00eb tregut (prodhues t\u00eb mallrave). Fitimi i \u00e7do prodhuesi si ndahen ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mes konsumator\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b 1,2…L. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nMall n\u00eb momentin e konsumit n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. K\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb mall nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim afatgjat\u00eb. (Jo makina, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb ushqim, dhe madje, jo \u00e7do lloj).<\/p>\n

Pra, kemi nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb RL t\u00eb planifikimeve prodhuese. Hap\u00ebsir\u00eb L-dimensionale, \u00e7do vektor i cili interpretohet k\u00ebshtu. Marrim koordinatat, ku q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb numra negativ\u00eb, i vendosim n\u00eb \"kutin\u00eb e zez\u00eb\" t\u00eb prodhimit, dhe nxjerrim komponent\u00ebt pozitiv\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit vektor. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, (2,-1,3) do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nga 1 nj\u00ebsi e mallrat t\u00eb dyt\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb 2 nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb mallrit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe tre nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb mallrit t\u00eb tret\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. N\u00ebse ky vektor i p\u00ebrket grupit t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive prodhuese.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nY1, Y2\u2026 YJ \u2014 n\u00ebngrupe n\u00eb RL. \u00c7do prodhim \u2014 \"kutia e zez\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimet (p1, p2\u2026 pL)\u2026 \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb ato? Bie nga tavan.<\/p>\n

Jeni menaxher i nj\u00eb firme. Firma \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb set planesh prodhimi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohen. \u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebni, n\u00ebse merrni nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb till\u00eb \u2014 (p1, p2\u2026 pL)?<\/p>\n

Ekonomia klasike ju dikton t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vektor\u00ebt pV, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ju jan\u00eb t\u00eb lejuesh\u00ebm, t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni sipas k\u00ebtyre \u00e7mimeve.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nDhe maksimalizoni pV, ku V \u00ebsht\u00eb prej Yj. Kjo quhet Pj(p).<\/p>\n

\u00c7mimet bien mbi ju, ju besohet, dhe duhet t\u00eb besoni pa diskutim se \u00e7mimet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb tilla. Kjo quhet \"sjellje e pranuar e \u00e7mimeve\". <\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u00ab\u0446\u0435\u043d\u00bb, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041f1(\u0440), \u041f2(\u0440)\u2026 \u041fJ(\u0440). \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b w1(\u0440), w2…wJ(\u0440) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u03b411, \u03b412…\u03b41J, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nMund t\u00eb ket\u00eb w fillestare t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, por mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb aksione t\u00eb larta, at\u00ebher\u00eb lojtari do t\u00eb veproj\u00eb me nj\u00eb buxhet t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, konsumatori ka preferenca \u05d0. Ato jan\u00eb paracaktuar dhe t\u00eb pandryshueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Preferencat do t'i lejojn\u00eb atij t\u00eb krahasoj\u00eb \u00e7do vektor nga RL me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, sipas \"cil\u00ebsis\u00eb\", nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i tij. Njohuri e plot\u00eb e vetes. Nuk e keni provuar \"banane\" (un\u00eb e kam provuar n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 10 vje\u00e7are), por keni nj\u00eb ide p\u00ebr t\u00eb, se si do t'ju p\u00eblqej\u00eb. Nj\u00eb supozim shum\u00eb i fort\u00eb informativ. <\/p>\n

Konsumatori b\u00ebn nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim sipas \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb rezerv\u00ebs s\u00eb tij fillestare pwi dhe i shton aksionet e fitimit:<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKonsumatori gjithashtu beson pa diskutim n\u00eb \u00e7mimet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ardhur dhe vler\u00ebson t\u00eb ardhurat e tij. Pas k\u00ebsaj, ai fillon ta shpenzoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb kufirin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb tij monetare.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKonsumatori maksimizon preferencat e tij. Funksioni i dobis\u00eb. Cili x_i do t'i sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb dobipr. Paradigma e sjelljes racional. <\/p>\n

Ndihet decentralizimi i plot\u00eb. \u00c7mimet bien nga qielli. Me k\u00ebto \u00e7mime t\u00eb gjitha firmat maksimizojn\u00eb fitimin. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb konsumator\u00ebt marrin dokumentet e tyre dhe b\u00ebjn\u00eb me to \u00e7far\u00eb duan, si t\u00eb duan (maksimizojn\u00eb funksionin e dobis\u00eb) shpenzojn\u00eb p\u00ebr mallrat q\u00eb kan\u00eb, sipas \u00e7mimeve aktuale. Krijohen Xi(p) t\u00eb optimizuar.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas shpallet se \u00e7mimet jan\u00eb ekuilibruese, p*, n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha vendimet e agjent\u00ebve ekonomik\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajtueshme me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pajtueshme?<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb kishte? Burimet fillestare, \u00e7do firm\u00eb e ka shtuar planin e saj prodhues:<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb kemi. Dhe kjo duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me at\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkuan konsumator\u00ebt:<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\n\u00c7mimet p* quhen ekuilibruese, n\u00ebse kjo barazim realizohet. N\u00eb t\u00eb ka aq shum\u00eb ekuacione sa ka mallra.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb viti 1880, Leon Walras<\/a><\/noindex> ajo e propagandonte n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr 79 vjet, matematikan\u00ebt-ekonomist\u00eb k\u00ebrkuan prov\u00ebn se nj\u00eb vektor i till\u00eb ekuilibri ekziston. Ky proces shkoi deri n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe nuk mund t\u00eb provohej deri n\u00eb vitin 1941, kur u provua teorema e Kakutanit<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb vitin 1951 u provua plot\u00ebsisht teorema e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb ekuilibrit. <\/p>\n

Por gradualisht, ky model u kalua n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e historis\u00eb s\u00eb mendimit ekonomik.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb kalosh t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrug\u00ebn vet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb studosh modelet e vjetra. T\u00eb analizosh pse ato nuk funksiononin. Ku ishin pik\u00ebrisht kund\u00ebrshtimet. At\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb kesh p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, nj\u00eb ekskursion t\u00eb mir\u00eb historik.<\/p>\n

Historia e ekonomis\u00eb duhet t\u00eb studioj\u00eb modelin e p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr n\u00eb detaje, sepse t\u00eb gjitha modelet moderne t\u00eb tregut rriten nga k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n

Kund\u00ebrshtimet<\/h3>\n

\n1. T\u00eb gjitha produktet jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara jasht\u00ebzakonisht abstrakt.<\/b> Nuk merret parasysh struktura e konsumit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre produkteve dhe produktet e q\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n

2. \u00c7do prodhim, kompani \u2014 \"kutia e zez\u00eb\"<\/b>. P\u00ebrshkruhet thjesht aksiomatikisht. Merret nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri vektor\u00ebsh, shpallet e pranueshme.<\/p>\n

3. \"Dora e padukshme e tregut\"<\/b>, \u00e7mimet bien nga tavani.<\/p>\n

4. Kompanit\u00eb thjesht maksimalizojn\u00eb fitimin P.<\/b><\/p>\n

5. Mekanizmi p\u00ebr arritjen e ekuilibrit.<\/b>. (\u00c7do fizikant k\u00ebtu fillon t\u00eb qesh\u00eb: si mund ta \"gjejm\u00eb\"?). Si t\u00eb provohet unik\u00ebsia dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria e tij (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn).<\/p>\n

6. Pap\u00ebrkufizueshm\u00ebria e modelit<\/b>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkufizueshm\u00ebria.<\/b> Kam nj\u00eb model dhe sipas tij them se n\u00eb jet\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ndodhin skenar\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe t\u00eb till\u00eb. K\u00ebta mund t\u00eb ndodhin, por k\u00ebta kurr\u00eb, sepse modeli im garanton q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ekuilibrim n\u00eb at\u00eb klas\u00eb. N\u00ebse paraqitni nj\u00eb kund\u00ebr-shembull, un\u00eb do t\u00eb them \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pika e kufirit t\u00eb aplikueshm\u00ebris\u00eb, modeli im d\u00ebshtom n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb ndryshme. Me teorin\u00eb e ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur dhe ja pse.<\/p>\n

Sepse... \u00c7far\u00eb e p\u00ebrcakton sjelljen e sistemit ekonomik jasht\u00eb ekuilibrimit? P\u00ebr disa \"p\"? Mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb tejkalim t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs mbi ofert\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nNe hedhim \u00e7mimet nga tavani dhe e dim\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht se cilat produkte do t\u00eb mungojn\u00eb, dhe cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb tejkalim. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vektor mund t\u00eb pohojm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht (teorema e vitit 1970), q\u00eb n\u00ebse respektohen pronat triviale, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem ekonomik t\u00eb till\u00eb (t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat fillestare), n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kjo funksion do t\u00eb jet\u00eb funksioni i tejkalimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs. Me \u00e7do \u00e7mim t\u00eb caktuar do t\u00eb jepet pik\u00ebrisht ajo vler\u00eb e vektorit t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt. Mund t\u00eb simulojm\u00eb \u00e7do sjellje t\u00eb arsyeshme t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar me an\u00eb t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu, ky model \u00ebsht\u00eb i pap\u00ebrkufizuesh\u00ebm. Ai mund t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb \u00e7do sjellje, kjo e ul vler\u00ebn e saj praktike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dy vende modeli i ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm vazhdon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb. Ka modele t\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cilat llogaritin makroekonomin\u00eb e vendeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb agregimi. Ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb keq, por llogaritin. <\/p>\n

E dyta \u2014 ka nj\u00eb specifikim shum\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, ku pjesa prodhuese ndryshon, nd\u00ebrsa ajo konsumatorike mbetet pothuajse e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb modelet e konkurrenc\u00ebs monopoliste. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb \"kutis\u00eb s\u00eb zez\u00eb\" shfaqet formula, si funksionon prodhimi, dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb \"dor\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb tregut\" shfaqet se \u00e7do kompani ka nj\u00ebfar\u00eb fuqie monopoliste. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tregut bot\u00ebror \u00ebsht\u00eb monopoliste.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se ekonomis\u00eb i b\u00ebhen akuzat e forta: \"Modeli duhet t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb nes\u00ebr\" dhe \"\u00c7far\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00ebse situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e keqe\". K\u00ebto pyetje n\u00eb kuadrin e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb paarsyeshme. Ka nj\u00eb teorem\u00eb (teorema e par\u00eb e mir\u00ebqenies): \"Ekuilibri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb efikas sipas Pareto\". Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsosh pozitat n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb. N\u00ebse ndihmon dik\u00eb \u2014 kjo b\u00ebhet n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb dikujt tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Kjo teorem\u00eb del n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrast t\u00eb fort\u00eb me at\u00eb q\u00eb shohim rreth nesh, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pik\u00ebn e shtat\u00eb:
\n7. \"T\u00eb gjitha produktet jan\u00eb private dhe nuk ka eksterne\"<\/b>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh produktesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb \"lidhura\" me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Ka shum\u00eb shembuj, kur aktivitete t\u00eb ndryshme ekonomike ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn (derdhja e mbetjeve n\u00eb lum\u00eb etj.). Nd\u00ebrhyrja mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim.<\/p>\n

Libri kryesor i Tyrolit: \"Teoria e Organizimit Industrial\"<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nNuk mund t\u00eb pritet q\u00eb tregjet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive, t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat efikas, ne e shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb rreth nesh.<\/p>\n

Pyetja \u00ebsht\u00eb: Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrigjuar situat\u00ebn?<\/b> Dhe jo ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb at\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe?<\/p>\n

Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb ndodh q\u00eb, teorikisht, duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyjm\u00eb, por, praktikisht:
\n8. Ka munges\u00eb informacioni q\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht.<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00eb modelin e ekuilibrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u2014 ka plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

E kam th\u00ebn\u00eb tashm\u00eb se kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me preferencat e njer\u00ebzve. Kur nd\u00ebrhyhet, duhet t\u00eb kuptoni k\u00ebto preferenca. Imagjinoni se po nd\u00ebrhyni n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb filloni ta \"p\u00ebrmirsoni\" at\u00eb. Ju nevojitet informacion mbi se kush dhe si do t\u00eb \"d\u00ebmtohet\" nga kjo. Sigurisht q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se agjent\u00ebt ekonomik\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtohen pak do t\u00eb thon\u00eb se ata do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtohen shum\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa ata q\u00eb do t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb pak do t\u00eb thon\u00eb se ata do t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb shum\u00eb. N\u00ebse nuk kemi mund\u00ebsi ta verifikojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, t\u00eb futemi n\u00eb mendjen e dikujt dhe t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb cila \u00ebsht\u00eb funksioni i tij i dobishm\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb \"duar t\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb tregut\" nuk ka mekaniz\u00ebm formimi \u00e7mimesh, dhe n\u00eb
\n9. Konkurenca e p\u00ebrsosur<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Qasja moderne n\u00eb origjin\u00ebn e \u00e7mimeve, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrhapura, \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00e7mimet shpallen nga dikush q\u00eb organizon tregun. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje mjaft e madhe e transaksioneve moderne jan\u00eb transaksione q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ankandeve. Nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyer p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb model, n\u00eb aspektin e mosbesimit ndaj duarve t\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb tregut, \u00ebsht\u00eb teoria e ankandeve. Dhe pika ky\u00e7e k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb informacioni. Cili informacion \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb organizatorit t\u00eb ankandit. Aktualisht jam duke u marr\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb, jam nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar zyrtar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga disertacionet e realizuara n\u00eb Yandex. Yandex organizon ankande p\u00ebr reklama. Ju \"shihen\". N\u00eb Yandex ka pun\u00eb, si t'ju \"shesin\" m\u00eb mir\u00eb. Disertacioni \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht brilant, nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimet \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e papritur: \"\u00cbsht\u00eb kritikisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb dihet sakt\u00ebsisht se ka nj\u00eb lojtar me nj\u00eb ofert\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb\". D.m.th. jo mesatarisht (ka 30% reklamuesish me pozita shum\u00eb t\u00eb forta, k\u00ebrkesa), ky informacion \u00ebsht\u00eb asgj\u00eb krahasuar me at\u00eb q\u00eb e dini p\u00ebr nj\u00eb q\u00eb ka ardhur n\u00eb treg dhe po p\u00ebrpiqet ta vendos\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb reklam\u00eb tani. Ky informacion shtes\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm pragun e pjes\u00ebmarrjes, duke zgjeruar ndjesh\u00ebm t\u00eb ardhurat nga shitja e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs reklamuese, \u00ebsht\u00eb mahnit\u00ebse. Un\u00eb nuk kam menduar kurr\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, por kur m\u00eb shpjeguan mekanizmin dhe m\u00eb treguan matematik\u00ebn, m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb pranoja se ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse po nd\u00ebrhyni n\u00eb veprimin e tregut, duhet t\u00eb kuptoni se \u00e7far\u00eb preferencash ka secili. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se se p\u00ebrse duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyni.<\/p>\n

Ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqsh\u00ebm q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht i gabuar. P\u00ebr shembull, kuptimi sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor i monopol\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t'i rregulloni ata, p\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb dy-tre-kat\u00ebr kompani, do t\u00eb lind\u00eb nj\u00eb oligopol dhe mir\u00ebqenia publike do t\u00eb rritet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb informacion tipik nga tekstet shkollore. Por kjo varet nga rrethanat. N\u00ebse keni produkte t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, kjo model sjellje p\u00ebr shtetin mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht shkat\u00ebrruese. Para 0 viteve ishte nj\u00eb shembull i till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Filluan t\u00eb publikojn\u00eb disqe \"Enciklopedia e Rock-ut\". N\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn ton\u00eb qarkullonin disa kopje q\u00eb thonin se ishin t\u00eb limituara dhe shiteshin p\u00ebr 40 rubla. Pas dy muajsh, k\u00ebto disqe mbush\u00ebn t\u00eb gjitha dyqanet dhe kushtonin 3 rubla. K\u00ebta njer\u00ebz p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb mistifikonin publikun q\u00eb ky ishte nj\u00eb ekskluzivitet i p\u00ebrkryer. Nj\u00eb monopolist, n\u00ebse prodhon nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, fillon t\u00eb konkurrohet me \"veten e tij nes\u00ebr\". N\u00ebse ai p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb shes\u00eb sot me \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta, nes\u00ebr mund t\u00eb riprodhohet\/rip\u00ebrdoret di\u00e7ka. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb bind\u00ebsh bler\u00ebsit e sot\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb mos presin deri nes\u00ebr. \u00c7mimet rezultojn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se zakonisht. Kjo ishte provuar nga Coase<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Ekziston \"hipoteza e Coase\", e cila thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb monopolist me nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, i cili rregullisht rishikon politik\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve, e humb plot\u00ebsisht pushtetin monopol. M\u00eb von\u00eb, kjo u provua rrept\u00ebsisht mbi baz\u00ebn e teoris\u00eb s\u00eb lojrave.<\/p>\n

Supozoni se nuk i njihni k\u00ebto rezultate dhe vendosni t\u00eb ndani nj\u00eb monopol t\u00eb till\u00eb. Nj\u00eb oligopol me produkte t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme lind. Ai duhet t\u00eb modelizohet dinamikisht. N\u00eb fund \u2014 ata mbajn\u00eb \u00e7mimin monopol! E gjith\u00eb situata \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur. Analiza e detajuar e tregut \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

10. K\u00ebrkesa<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb vend jan\u00eb miliona, n\u00eb model do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet aggregimi. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, do t\u00eb lind\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues i aggreguar. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me shum\u00eb probleme t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs teorike, ashtu edhe praktike. <\/p>\n

Aggregimi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me preferencat dhe funksionet e dobishm\u00ebris\u00eb. (Borman, 1953). Aggregimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb preferenca t\u00eb thjeshta dhe t\u00eb ngjashme. Modeli do t\u00eb ket\u00eb humbje.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb modelin e aggreguar, k\u00ebrkesa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kuti e zez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ishte nj\u00eb kompani ajrore. Kishte nj\u00eb fluturim n\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb Ekaterinburg. M\u00eb pas u b\u00ebn\u00eb dy. Dhe nj\u00eb prej tyre niset n\u00eb 6 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit nga Moska. Pse?<\/p>\n

Po fragmentoni tregun dhe p\u00ebr \"t\u00eb pasurit\" q\u00eb nuk duan t\u00eb fluturojn\u00eb her\u00ebt, vendosni nj\u00eb \u00e7mim m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim p\u00ebr racionin. Se njer\u00ebzit sillen irracionalisht. Por n\u00eb numra t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj gradualisht del nj\u00eb pamje racionale.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb studioni ekonomin\u00eb, filloni me modelin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm. M\u00eb pas \"filloni t\u00eb dyshoni\" dhe studioni \u00e7do kund\u00ebrshtim. \u00c7do nj\u00eb prej tyre nis nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb! N\u00ebse i studioni k\u00ebto \"koka\", do t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb ekonomist shum\u00eb i ditur.<\/p>\n

Tirol u shfaq n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e disa \"kund\u00ebrshtimeve\". Por un\u00eb do t'i jepja atij nj\u00eb Nobel jo p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb krijosh reputacion<\/h3>\n

\nPropozoj t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr disa histori. dhe kur t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr reputacionin, do ta diskutojm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 2005, u zhvillua nj\u00eb reform\u00eb e panjohur n\u00eb Gjeorgji. U shkarkua e gjith\u00eb policia e vendit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb historia e par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Historia e dyt\u00eb. Pas shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb protestave n\u00eb vitet 2011-2012 n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb polic\u00ebt mor\u00ebn numra n\u00eb duar dhe shenj\u00eb me emrin e tyre.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy qasje t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn detyr\u00eb. Si t'i p\u00ebrballojm\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi ose nj\u00eb grupi njer\u00ebzish me nj\u00eb reputacion shum\u00eb negativ t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb komuniteti brenda?<\/p>\n

\"Shkarkoni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dhe rekruton t\u00eb rinj\" ose \"personalizoni dhun\u00ebn\".<\/p>\n

Un\u00eb po argumentoj dhe do t\u00eb referohem te Tirol se kemi ndjekur nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme.<\/p>\n

Ju sjell tre modele reputacioni. Dy ishin t\u00eb njohura para Tirolit, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tretin e shpik\u00ebn ata.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb reputacioni? Ka nj\u00eb dentist t\u00eb caktuar, ku shkoni dhe e rekomandoni at\u00eb te njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb reputacioni i tij personal, ai e krijoi at\u00eb vet\u00eb. Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb reputacionin kolektiv.<\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb komunitet - polic\u00ebt, biznesmen\u00ebt, nj\u00eb komb\u00ebsi, rac\u00eb (disa terma q\u00eb Per\u00ebndimi nuk i p\u00eblqen t'i diskutoj\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Modeli 1<\/h3>\n

\nKa nj\u00eb kolektiv. N\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb e shkruar \"n\u00eb ball\u00eb\". Duke dal\u00eb nga aty, ai tashm\u00eb ka nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb. Por nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktosh n\u00ebse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij grupi ose jo. P\u00ebr shembull, kur n\u00eb SHBA pranojn\u00eb n\u00eb programet Phd student\u00eb nga RSH.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nN\u00eb fakt, Amerika e p\u00ebr\u00e7mon gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. N\u00ebse nuk ka raketat - e p\u00ebr\u00e7mon, n\u00ebse ka raketat - e p\u00ebr\u00e7mon dhe ka frik\u00eb. Ajo e sheh bot\u00ebn ashtu dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb peshkatar hedh nj\u00eb kap\u00ebse... O, peshk i mir\u00eb! Ti do t\u00eb b\u00ebhesh peshk amerikan. Ky vend nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi parime fillestare fashiste, por mbi ato t\u00eb krijuara. Ne do t\u00eb mbledhim t\u00eb gjith\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt dhe prandaj jemi m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Nje person nga \"bota e tret\u00eb\" vjen n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb dhe k\u00ebtu zbulohet se ai ka p\u00ebrfunduar RSH. Dhe k\u00ebtu di\u00e7ka ndizet n\u00eb syt\u00eb e pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve. Nota e provimit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se fakti se ai erdhi nga RSH.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model shum\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

Modeli 2<\/h3>\n

\nPlot\u00ebsisht e papolitikisht korrekte.<\/p>\n

Reputacioni si nj\u00eb kurth institucional.<\/p>\n

Pritur dikush me ngjyr\u00eb do t\u00eb vij\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb. (N\u00eb Amerik\u00eb) Ju jeni pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi, e shihni: \"Aha, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb, un\u00eb di\u00e7ka nuk kam asgj\u00eb kund\u00ebr t\u00eb zez\u00ebve, nuk jam racist. Por ata, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, jan\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb budalla. Prandaj nuk do ta angazhoj.\" Dhe b\u00ebheni racist \"me veprime\", dhe jo me besime.<\/p>\n

\"Nuk e di, djal\u00eb, n\u00ebse je i men\u00e7ur, por n\u00eb mesatarje, ata si ti jan\u00eb - budallenj. Prandaj, p\u00ebr \u00e7do rast, un\u00eb do t\u00eb refuzoj.\" <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kurthi institucional. 10 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, ky djal\u00eb shkoi n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb. Dhe mendon: \"A do t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj aq mir\u00eb sa fqinja ime e bardh\u00eb n\u00eb bank\u00eb? P\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb? Sidoqoft\u00eb, do t\u00eb marrin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pun\u00eb me kualifikim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Edhe n\u00ebse p\u00ebrpiqem dhe marr diplom\u00ebn, nuk do t\u00eb provoj dot atij askush. E di si q\u00ebndron puna - ata do t\u00eb shohin fytyr\u00ebn time t\u00eb zez\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se jam si t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb grupin tim.\" Kjo krijon nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr t\u00eb keq. Zezak\u00ebt nuk m\u00ebsojn\u00eb sepse nuk i angazhojn\u00eb, dhe nuk i angazhojn\u00eb sepse nuk m\u00ebsojn\u00eb. Nj\u00eb kombinim q\u00ebndrore i strategjive t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb lojtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Modeli 3<\/h3>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKa nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim. Q\u00eb ndodh mes nj\u00eb personi t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rast\u00ebsore nga ky popull (njer\u00ebz) dhe (policis\u00eb). Ose biznesmen\u00ebt-doganor\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKam nj\u00eb mik biznesmen, i cili shpesh komunikon me dogan\u00ebn, ai e konfirmon k\u00ebt\u00eb model.<\/p>\n

Keni nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb\/d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb individit (nga populli\/biznesmeni) q\u00eb t'i drejtohet (policis\u00eb\/dogan\u00ebs) dhe t'i jap\u00eb nj\u00eb \"detyr\u00eb\". T\u00eb kuptohet situata, t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn. Dhe ai shpreh, k\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb akt besimi. Dhe individi n\u00eb vend vendos. Nuk ka ndonj\u00eb vul\u00eb n\u00eb ball\u00eb (modeli 1), as ndonj\u00eb vendim t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u angazhuar n\u00eb vetvete (modeli 2), asgj\u00eb q\u00eb paraprakisht do t\u00eb paracaktonte se si do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb sot. Vet\u00ebm vullneti i tij i mir\u00eb sot. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb se nga \u00e7far\u00eb varet ky zgjedhje dhe ku ndodhet kurthi?<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb person po sheh nj\u00eb zyrtar. Tirol ka supozuar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb gj\u00eb, nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e saj. Por, ajo e shpjegon gjith\u00e7ka. Ai supozoi se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb zyrtar ka informacione t\u00eb pasakta p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr secilin ka nj\u00eb histori. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb polic, n\u00eb parim, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e ditur se ai m\u00eb par\u00eb ka k\u00ebrkuar ryshfet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer detyrat e tij. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb doganor, kemi d\u00ebgjuar histori se si ai ndalon ngarkesa. Por ndoshta nuk kemi d\u00ebgjuar.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\nKa nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr theta nga 0 n\u00eb 1, q\u00eb kur \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr zeros, gjith\u00e7ka e kalon. Thjesht, n\u00ebse polici nuk ka ndonj\u00eb num\u00ebr registrimi, ai mund t\u00eb rrah\u00eb k\u00ebdo, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb askush nuk do t\u00eb dij\u00eb dhe ai nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr registrimi, at\u00ebher\u00eb theta \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebr nj\u00ebsi. Ai do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb kosto t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Gjeorgji, mungesa e besimit \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur t\u00eb pritet me thik\u00eb. Ata kan\u00eb rekrutuar polici t\u00eb rinj dhe mendojn\u00eb se reputacioni i vjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb vdes\u00eb. Tirol po pretendon se m\u00ebnyra se si ekzistojn\u00eb ekuilibrat dinamik\u00eb k\u00ebtu\u2026<\/p>\n

Si funksionojn\u00eb ekuilibrat. N\u00ebse i drejtohesh nj\u00eb zyrtari, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se e konsideron at\u00eb t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm. Zyrtari mund t\u00eb veproj\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm, ose t\u00eb veproj\u00eb keq. Kjo pjes\u00ebrisht do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb historin\u00eb time t\u00eb 'kreditit'. Nes\u00ebr nuk do t\u00eb m\u00eb drejtohen n\u00ebse e marrin vesh se kam vepruar pa ndershm\u00ebri. Besimi mesatar ndaj zyrtar\u00ebve anonim\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ul\u00ebt. N\u00eb dit\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, probabiliteti i vog\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt t'ju drejtohen. N\u00ebse gjithsesi iu drejtuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast\u00ebsi dhe duhet t\u00eb nxirrni 'maksimumin' dhe t\u00eb mashtroni. Ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jemi vjedh\u00ebs dhe mashtrues dhe askush s\u00ebrish nuk do t\u00eb na drejtohet. Do t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb jemi vjedh\u00ebs dhe mashtrues.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr ekuilibri dinamik p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga besimi se zyrtar\u00ebt t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz iu drejtohen atyre. Prandaj nes\u00ebr, n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb past\u00ebr, do t\u00eb keni shum\u00eb oferta. Dhe n\u00ebse e prishni reputacionin tuaj, numri i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr ju zvog\u00eblohet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aspekt i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. N\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb besim t\u00eb till\u00eb, humbni shum\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb keqe.<\/p>\n

Tirol tregon se n\u00eb dinamiz\u00ebm, lloji i ekuilibrit q\u00eb krijohet, varet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike nga theta, dhe jo nga kushtet fillestare.<\/p>\n

Duke futur theta, ju rrisni p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb personale t\u00eb individit. N\u00ebse ai vepron mir\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb regjistrohet, dhe do t\u00eb drejtohen tek ai, madje edhe n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb drejtohen te t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Alexey
\n
\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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M\u00eb duket se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti kur intuicioni yn\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet mir\u00eb me modelin, megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta verifikosh k\u00ebt\u00eb model. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga ato modele q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ose e pamundur t\u00eb verifikohet dhe t\u00eb falsifikohet. 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