{"id":36871,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sravnitelnyj-obzor-portativnyh-svch-priborov-arinst-vs-anritsu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:23","slug":"sravnitelnyj-obzor-portativnyh-svch-priborov-arinst-vs-anritsu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnitelnyj-obzor-portativnyh-svch-priborov-arinst-vs-anritsu","title":{"rendered":"Krahasim i portativ\u00ebve t\u00eb mikroval\u00ebve Arinst vs Anritsu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Krahasim
\n
\nNj\u00eb \u00e7ift pajisjesh nga zhvilluesi rus \"Kroks\" arriti n\u00eb nj\u00eb test t\u00eb pavarur. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb mat\u00ebs t\u00eb miniaturizuar t\u00eb frekuencave radio, konkretisht: nj\u00eb analizator spektri me nj\u00eb gjenerator sinjalesh t\u00eb integruar dhe nj\u00eb analizator vektorial t\u00eb qarqeve (reflektometr). T\u00eb dy pajisjet kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb frekuencash deri n\u00eb 6,2 GHz. <\/p>\n

Nisi interesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar n\u00ebse k\u00ebto jan\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gjenerat\u00eb e \"mat\u00ebsve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl\" (lojra), ose n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb vlefshme, pasi prodhuesi i pozicionon si: -\"Pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr aplikime amatore, pasi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet profesional mat\u00ebs.\" <\/p>\n

V\u00ebmendje lexuesve! K\u00ebto teste jan\u00eb kryer n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb amatore, pa pretenduar p\u00ebr studime metrologjike t\u00eb mjeteve mat\u00ebse, bazuar n\u00eb standardet e regjistrit shtet\u00ebror dhe gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb lidhet me t\u00eb. Radioamator\u00ebve u intereson t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb matjet krahasuese t\u00eb pajisjeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren shpesh n\u00eb praktik\u00eb (antena, filtrat, atenutator\u00ebt), dhe jo ato \"abstraksione\" teorike, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb zakon n\u00eb metrologji; p\u00ebr shembull, ngarkesa t\u00eb paqart\u00eb, linjat e transmetimit jo homogjene, ose seksionet e linjave t\u00eb mbyllura, nuk u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb test.
\n <\/a><\/noindex>
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur ndikimin e nd\u00ebrhyrjeve gjat\u00eb matjeve krahasuese t\u00eb antenave, nevojitet nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb pa eko, ose hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb hapur. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, matjet u kryen jasht\u00eb n\u00eb natyr\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha antenat me fitimin e tyre t\u00eb drejtuar \"shikonin\" n\u00eb qiell, duke u vendosur n\u00eb stativ, pa l\u00ebvizje n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb pajisjeve.
\nN\u00eb teste u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb kabllo koaksiale fazostabile e klas\u00ebs mat\u00ebse, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C, dhe adapter\u00eb N-SMA nga kompani t\u00eb njohura: Midwest Microwave, Amphenol, Pasternack, Narda.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nAdapter\u00ebt e lir\u00eb t\u00eb prodhimit kinez nuk u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb shpeshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb kontaktit gjat\u00eb rinovimit, si dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb mbulimit antioksidues t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, i cili p\u00ebrdoret prej tyre n\u00eb vend t\u00eb arit t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm...<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar kushte krahasuese t\u00eb barabarta, \u00e7do matje u kalibrua me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin set OSL kalibratori, n\u00eb nj\u00eb band\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb frekuencash dhe n\u00eb temperatur\u00ebn aktuale. OSL \u00ebsht\u00eb \"Open\", \"Short\", \"Load\", dmth. nj\u00eb grup standard kalibrimi: \"masa e hapur\", \"masa e shkurt\u00ebr\" dhe \"ngarkesa e p\u00ebrshtatur 50,0 \u03a9\", me t\u00eb cilat zakonisht kalibrohen analizator\u00ebt vektorial\u00eb t\u00eb qarqeve. P\u00ebr formatin SMA u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi i kalibrimit Anritsu 22S50, i normalizuar n\u00eb band\u00ebn e frekuencave nga DC deri n\u00eb 26,5 GHz, referenca n\u00eb flet\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (49 faqe):
\nwww.testmart.com\/webdata\/mfr_pdfs\/ANRI\/ANRITSU_COMPONENTS.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr kalibrimin e formatit t\u00eb tipit N, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Anritsu OSLN50-1, i normalizuar nga DC deri n\u00eb 6 GHz. <\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nRezistenca e matur n\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrshtatur t\u00eb kalibrator\u00ebve, ishte 50 \u00b10,02 \u03a9. Matjet u kryen me multimetra t\u00eb besuar, preciz t\u00eb klas\u00ebs laboratorike, nga kompanit\u00eb HP dhe Fluke.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, si dhe kushte sa m\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta n\u00eb testet krahasuese, n\u00eb instrumente u vendos nj\u00eb band\u00eb kalimi e ngjashme e filtrit t\u00eb P\u00c7-s\u00eb, pasi sa m\u00eb e ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb kjo band\u00eb, aq m\u00eb e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sakt\u00ebsia e matjes dhe raporti sinjal\/zhurm\u00eb. Gjithashtu, u zgjodh numri m\u00eb i madh i pikave t\u00eb skanimit (sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr 1000). <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb gjitha funksionalitetet e reflektometrit q\u00eb po shqyrtohet, ka nj\u00eb lidhje me udh\u00ebzimin ilustrues t\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs:
\narinst.ru\/files\/Manual_Vector_Reflectometer_ARINST_VR_23-6200_RUS.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Para \u00e7do matjeje, t\u00eb gjitha sip\u00ebrfaqet e lidhjes n\u00eb lidhjet koaksiale (SMA, RP-SMA, tip N) u kontrolluan me kujdes, pasi n\u00eb frekuenca mbi 2-3 GHz, past\u00ebrtia dhe gjendja e sip\u00ebrfaqes antioskidante t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kontakteve fillon t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb rezultatet e matjeve dhe stabilitetin e rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbani t\u00eb past\u00ebr sip\u00ebrfaqen e jashtme t\u00eb timidit qendror n\u00eb lidhjen koaksiale, dhe sip\u00ebrfaqen brendshme q\u00eb lidhet me t\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebs. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlejn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr kontaktin \"me pleksus\". Ky kontroll dhe pastrimi i nevojsh\u00ebm zakonisht b\u00ebhet n\u00ebn nj\u00eb mikroskop ose n\u00ebn nj\u00eb lente me zmadhohet t\u00eb madhe. <\/p>\n

Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mos lejohet prania e copave metalike q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb pluhurat n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqet e izolueseve n\u00eb lidhjet koaksiale, pasi ato fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb me kapacitete parazite, duke penguar ndjesh\u00ebm funksionimin dhe kalimin e sinjalit.<\/p>\n

Shembulli i ndotjes tipike metalike t\u00eb lidhjeve SMA, q\u00eb nuk duket me sy:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nSipas k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs s\u00eb prodhuesve t\u00eb lidhjeve koaksiale mikrovalore me tip lidhjeje me fileto, gjat\u00eb lidhjes NUK DUHET t\u00eb lejohet rrotullimi i kontaktit qendror q\u00eb hyn n\u00eb grepin e tij. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb mbahet baza axiale e gjysm\u00ebs lidh\u00ebse q\u00eb po ngjitet, duke lejuar vet\u00ebm rrotullimin e l\u00ebmosh\u00ebs, jo t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb struktur\u00ebs q\u00eb ngjit. K\u00ebshtu, shiriti dhe sasi t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb konsumit mekanik t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura zvog\u00eblohen ndjesh\u00ebm, duke siguruar kontakt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe duke zgjatur numrin e cikleve t\u00eb lidhjes. <\/p>\n

Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, pak njer\u00ebz e din\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, dhe shumica rrotullojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pajisjen, duke g\u00ebrvishtur \u00e7do her\u00eb nj\u00ebrin nga sip\u00ebrfaqet m\u00eb t\u00eb holl\u00eb t\u00eb kontakteve. Kjo d\u00ebshmohet \u00e7do her\u00eb nga numrat e shumt\u00eb t\u00eb videove n\u00eb YouTube, nga t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \"testues\" t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb re mikrovalore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shqyrtim testues, t\u00eb gjitha lidhjet e shumta t\u00eb lidhjeve koaksiale dhe kalibrator\u00ebve u realizuan strikt sipas k\u00ebrkesave eksploatimore t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb lart.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb testet krahasuese u mat\u00ebn disa antena t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e reflektometrit n\u00eb frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i anten\u00ebs me 7 elemente Uda-Yagi n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 433 MHz (LPD)<\/h4>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nPasi antenat e k\u00ebtij lloji gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb bisht t\u00eb qart\u00eb mbrapa, si dhe disa an\u00ebsore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar qet\u00ebsi gjat\u00eb testit, u respektuan ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb gjitha kushtet e rrethit, deri n\u00eb mbylljen e maceve n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. K\u00ebshtu, kur b\u00ebhej fotografimi i modave t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb ekrane, ajo t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrfshihej papritur n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e veprimit t\u00eb bishtit mbrapa, duke sjell\u00eb k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim n\u00eb grafik. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fotografit\u00eb jan\u00eb mbledhur foto nga tre pajisje, me 4 moda nga \u00e7do nj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fotoja e sip\u00ebrme \u00ebsht\u00eb nga VR 23-6200, e mesme nga Anritsu S361E, dhe e poshtme nga GenCom 747A.<\/p>\n

Grafik\u00ebt e VSWR:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGrafik\u00ebt e humbjeve t\u00eb reflektuar: <\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGrafik\u00ebt e diagramit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs Voltper-Smith:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGrafik\u00ebt e faz\u00ebs:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nSi\u00e7 duket, grafik\u00ebt e krijuar jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrsa vlerat e matjeve kan\u00eb nj\u00eb varianc\u00eb brenda 0.1% gabimi.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i dipolit koaksial n\u00eb 1.2 GHz<\/h4>\n

\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nVSWR:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nHumbjet e kthimit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nDiagrami Voltper-Smith:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nFaza:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, t\u00eb tre instrumentet e matjes s\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rezonanc\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj antene u vendos\u00ebn brenda kufijve t\u00eb 0.07%.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i anten\u00ebs me horn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gam\u00ebn 3-6 GHz<\/h4>\n

\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nK\u00ebtu u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb kabllo zgjat\u00ebs me konektor\u00eb t\u00eb tipit N, q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb disa pasakt\u00ebsi n\u00eb matje. Por pasi q\u00eb q\u00ebllimi ishte thjesht krahasimi i instrumenteve dhe jo kabllos ose anten\u00ebs, n\u00ebse ndodhi ndonj\u00eb problem n\u00eb rrug\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb instrumentet duhet ta tregojn\u00eb si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kalibrimi i planit t\u00eb matjes (referenc\u00ebs) duke marr\u00eb parasysh adapterin dhe feeder-in:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nKSVn n\u00eb gam\u00ebn nga 3 deri n\u00eb 6 GHz:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nHumbjet e kthimit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nDiagrami Voltper-Smith:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGrafikat e fazave:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i anten\u00ebs me polarizim cirkular n\u00eb gam\u00ebn 5.8 GHz<\/h4>\n

\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nVSWR:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nHumbjet e kthimit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nDiagrami Voltper-Smith:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nFaza:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n<\/p>\n

Matja p\u00ebr krahasim e KSVn t\u00eb filtrit kinez LPF 1.4 GHz<\/h4>\n

\nPamja e jashtme e filtrit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGrafik\u00ebt e VSWR:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n<\/p>\n

Matja p\u00ebr krahasim e gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb feeder-it (DTF)<\/h4>\n

\nVendosa t\u00eb mat nj\u00eb kabllo koaksiale t\u00eb re, me konektor\u00eb t\u00eb tipit N:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nMe nj\u00eb met\u00ebr dy metra n\u00eb tri hapa, matja 3 metra e 5 centimetra.<\/p>\n

Ja \u00e7far\u00eb treguan instrumentet:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nK\u00ebtu si\u00e7 thuhet, komentet jan\u00eb t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb integruar t\u00eb ndjekjes<\/h4>\n

\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gif, jan\u00eb grumbulluar 10 fotografi t\u00eb leximeve t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs \u00c73-54. Gjysma e sip\u00ebrme e fotografive jan\u00eb leximet e testuarit VR 23-6200. Gjysma e poshtme jan\u00eb sinjalet q\u00eb shqip\u00ebrohen nga reflektometri Anritsu. P\u00ebr testin u p\u00ebrzgjodh\u00ebn pes\u00eb frekuenca: 23, 50, 100, 150 dhe 200 MHz. N\u00ebse Anritsu ofronte frekuenc\u00eb me zero n\u00eb vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, VR kompakt ofronte me nj\u00eb tejkalim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, duke u rritur numerikisht me rritjen e frekuenc\u00ebs:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nMegjith\u00ebse sipas karakteristikave t\u00eb prodhuesit, kjo nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb asnj\u00eb \"minusi\", pasi nuk kalon dy numrat pas pik\u00ebs decimal.<\/p>\n

Fotografit\u00eb e grumbulluara n\u00eb gif p\u00ebr \"mbushjen\" e brendshme t\u00eb instrumentit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nAvantazhet: <\/p>\n

Avantazhet e pajisjes VR 23-6200 jan\u00eb kostoja e saj e ul\u00ebt, kompakt\u00ebsia portative me autonomi t\u00eb plot\u00eb q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon ekran t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm nga kompjuteri ose smartphone, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb frekuencash t\u00eb shfaqura n\u00eb shenj\u00eb. Nj\u00eb plus tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mat\u00ebs skalar, por nj\u00eb mat\u00ebs vektorial plot\u00ebsisht funksional. Si\u00e7 duket nga rezultatet e matjeve krahasuese, VR pothuajse nuk i p\u00ebrcjell pajisjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb njohura dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, t\u00eb ngjitesh n\u00eb \u00e7ati (ose n\u00eb shtyll\u00eb) p\u00ebr t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsuar gjendjen e feeder-ave dhe antenave, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e preferueshme me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl sesa me nj\u00eb aparat m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr rangun tani t\u00eb njohur prej 5,8 GHz p\u00ebr FPV racing (dron\u00eb dhe avione t\u00eb kontrolluara me radio, me transmetim video n\u00eb syze ose ekrane), \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb must-have. Sepse ajo lejon q\u00eb gjat\u00eb fluturimeve t\u00eb zgjedh\u00ebsh leht\u00ebsisht anten\u00ebn optimale nga rezervat, ose madje t\u00eb rregullosh dhe t'i jap\u00ebsh form\u00eb anten\u00ebs e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shtremb\u00ebruar pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb makin\u00ebs fluturuese t\u00eb garave. Pajisja mund t\u00eb quhet \"pajisje xheh\", dhe me pesh\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb vog\u00ebl mund t\u00eb pezullohet leht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb feeder t\u00eb holl\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr realizimin e shum\u00eb pun\u00ebve n\u00eb terren. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebto jan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur edhe si disavantazhe:<\/p>\n

1) Disavantazhi m\u00eb i madh operativ i reflektometrit \u00ebsht\u00eb pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur shpejt minimumin ose maksimumin me shenjat n\u00eb grafik, pa folur p\u00ebr gjetjen e \"delt\u00ebs\", ose k\u00ebrkimin automatik t\u00eb minimumeve\/maksimumeve t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme (ose t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme).
\n Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb modet LMag dhe SWR, ku mungon shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar shenjat. Duhet t\u00eb aktivizosh shenj\u00ebn n\u00eb menun\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, dhe m\u00eb pas t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebsh manualisht shenj\u00ebn n\u00eb minimumin e kurb\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur frekuenc\u00ebn dhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e KSV n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb. E mundshme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb versionet e ardhshme, prodhuesi t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb funksionalitet t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

1 a) Po ashtu, pajisja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e aft\u00eb t\u00eb riem\u00ebroj\u00eb modin e nevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shfaqjes p\u00ebr shenjat, kur kalon midis modesh matjeje. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, kalova nga moda VSWR n\u00eb LMag (Humbja e Kthimit), por shenjat ende tregojn\u00eb vler\u00ebn VSWR, nd\u00ebrsa logjikisht duhet t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e moduleve t\u00eb reflektimit n\u00eb dB, pra at\u00eb q\u00eb tregon momentalisht grafiku i zgjedhur.
\nE nj\u00ebjt\u00eb edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha modet e tjera. P\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar vlerat e p\u00ebrkatshme q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjen grafik\u00ebs zgjedh\u00ebse n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e marker\u00ebve, \u00e7do her\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshohet manualisht m\u00ebnyra e shfaqjes p\u00ebr secilin nga 4 marker\u00ebt. Duket e vog\u00ebl, por do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb nj\u00eb pak \"automatizmi\". <\/p>\n

1 b) N\u00eb modin m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb matjes s\u00eb VSWR-it, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb kalosh shkall\u00ebn amplitude n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar, n\u00ebn 2,0 (p\u00ebr shembull 1,5, ose 1,3).<\/p>\n

2) Ka nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb zhvillimin e kalibrimit q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sekuencial. Si\u00e7 do t\u00eb ishte gjithmon\u00eb \"e hapur\", ose \"paralele\" kalibrimi. Q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk ka mund\u00ebsi sekuenciale p\u00ebr regjistrimin e mas\u00ebs s\u00eb lexuar t\u00eb kalibratorit, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme n\u00eb pajisjet e tjera VNA. Zakonisht n\u00eb modin e kalibrimit, pajisja sugjeron rrjedhimisht se \u00e7far\u00eb mase kalibrimi duhet t\u00eb vendoset (tani) dhe t\u00eb kryhet leximi p\u00ebr regjistrim.<\/p>\n

Dhe n\u00eb ARINST, \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb gjithashtu e drejta p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur t\u00eb tre klikimet e regjistrimit t\u00eb masave, q\u00eb vendos nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr v\u00ebmendjen e operatorit, gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb etap\u00ebs s\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb kalibrimit. Edhe pse nuk jam ngat\u00ebrruar kurr\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur butonin q\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrket fundin e kalibratorit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur n\u00eb at\u00eb moment. <\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb softuerit, krijuesit do t\u00eb \"ndryshojn\u00eb\" nj\u00eb \"paralel\" t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb \"sekuenc\u00eb\", p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e gabimit nga operatori. Sepse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjet e m\u00ebdha \u00ebsht\u00eb aplikuar nj\u00eb sekuenc\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00eb veprimet me masat kalibrimi, pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur nj\u00eb gabim t\u00eb till\u00eb nga ngat\u00ebrrimi. <\/p>\n

3) Nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngusht\u00eb temperaturash p\u00ebr kalibrim. N\u00ebse n\u00eb Anritsu pas kalibrimit ofrohet nj\u00eb gam\u00eb (p\u00ebr shembull) nga +18\u00b0\u0421 deri n\u00eb +48\u00b0\u0421, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb Arinst \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u00b1 3\u00b0\u0421 nga temperatura e kalibrimit, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb pak gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebve n\u00eb terren (n\u00eb jasht\u00ebsin\u00eb), n\u00ebn diell, ose n\u00eb hije.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull: e kalibrim pas drek\u00ebs, por punon me matje deri n\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje, dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb larguar, temperatura \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur dhe shenjat filluan t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb korrekte. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye, nuk shfaqet nj\u00eb mesazh paralajm\u00ebrues q\u00eb thot\u00eb 'rregulloni kalibrimin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb daljes nga diapazoni i temperatur\u00ebs s\u00eb kalibrimit t\u00eb kaluar'. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, fillojn\u00eb matjet e gabuara me nj\u00eb zero t\u00eb zhvendosur, q\u00eb ndikon duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb rezultatin e matjeve.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr krahasim, ja si e raporton k\u00ebt\u00eb reflektometri Anritsu:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n4) I p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ambiente normale, por p\u00ebr hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb hapura, ekrani \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i err\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb me diell, jasht\u00eb nuk lexohen fare, madje edhe n\u00ebse mbuloni ekranin me dor\u00eb.
\n Rregullimi i ndri\u00e7imit t\u00eb ekranit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i parashikuar fare.<\/p>\n

5) Do t\u00eb doja t'i z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoja butonat, pasi disa nuk reagojn\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb kur shtypen.<\/p>\n

6) Ekrani ndot\u00ebs n\u00eb disa vende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb reagues, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb disa vende \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr i ndjesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundime mbi reflektometrin VR 23-6200<\/h4>\n

\nN\u00ebse nuk do t'i kushtonim shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi mang\u00ebsive, krahasuar me zgjidhje t\u00eb tjera buxhetore, portable dhe t\u00eb aksesueshme n\u00eb treg, si RF Explorer, N1201SA, KC901V, RigExpert, SURECOM SW-102, NanoVNA \u2014 ky Arinst VR 23-6200 duket si zgjedhja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Sepse t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt kan\u00eb ose \u00e7mim jo t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar n\u00eb band\u00ebn e frekuencave dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb universale, ose n\u00eb thelb jan\u00eb mat\u00ebs t\u00eb tipit lodrash. Pavar\u00ebsisht modestis\u00eb dhe \u00e7mimit relativisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, reflektometri vektorial VR 23-6200, u tregua p\u00ebr t'u habitur nj\u00eb instrument mjaft t\u00eb mir\u00eb, madje edhe kaq portable. N\u00ebse prodhuesit do t\u00eb punonin mbi mang\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb zgjeronin paksa fundin e band\u00ebs frekuencash p\u00ebr amator\u00ebt e radios t\u00eb val\u00ebve t\u00eb shkurtra, ky instrument do t\u00eb zinte nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb podiumin e nderit midis t\u00eb gjith\u00eb buxhetor\u00ebve n\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji, sepse do t\u00eb ofronte nj\u00eb mbulim t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve: nga 'KaV\u00eb deri n\u00eb eFPeVe', dmth nga 2 MHz n\u00eb K10 (160 metra), deri n\u00eb 5.8 GHz p\u00ebr FPV (5 centimetra). Dhe preferohet pa nd\u00ebrprerje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb band\u00ebn, n\u00eb ndryshim nga \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi me RF Explorer. <\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n Pa dyshim, s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb shfaqen edhe m\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb t\u00eb lira n\u00eb nj\u00eb band\u00eb frekuencash kaq t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, dhe kjo do t\u00eb ishte shk\u00eblqyer! Por p\u00ebr momentin (n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn qershor-korrik 2019), sipas mendimit tim modest ky reflektometr \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i miri n\u00eb bot\u00eb, midis instrumenteve portable dhe t\u00eb lira, q\u00eb ofrohen masivisht. <\/p>\n

\u2014 Pjesa e dyt\u00eb<\/b>
\n Analizuesi i spektrit me gjenerator tracking SSA-TG R2<\/b><\/p>\n

Instrumenti i dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq interesant sa reflektometri vektorial.
\nAi mund\u00ebson t\u00eb kryhen matje t\u00eb parametrave \"n\u00eb kalim\" t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme mikrovalore, n\u00eb modalitetin e matjeve me dy porta (tipi S21). P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb verifikohet funksionimi dhe t\u00eb matet sakt\u00ebsisht koeficienti i forcimit t\u00eb rritur, amplifikator\u00ebve, ose sasia e dob\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sinjalit (humbjeve) n\u00eb attenuator\u00eb, filtrat, kabllot koaksial\u00eb (fadh), dhe pajisje dhe module t\u00eb tjera aktive dhe pasive, di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb realizohet me nj\u00eb reflektometr me nj\u00eb port\u00eb.
\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb analizator spektri i plot\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb paprer\u00eb t\u00eb frekuencave, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb e lir\u00eb p\u00ebr amator\u00ebt. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ka nj\u00eb gjenerator t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb sinjaleve radiofrekuenc\u00eb, gjithashtu n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Po ashtu, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr reflektometrin dhe mat\u00ebsin e antenave. Kjo lejon t\u00eb shikohet n\u00ebse ka devijime t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes n\u00eb transmetues, intermodulacione parazite, klipime dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb...
\n Duke pasur nj\u00eb gjenerator ndjek\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb analizator spektri, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb ndar\u00ebs t\u00eb drejtuar t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm (ose ur\u00eb), b\u00ebhet e mundur t\u00eb matet i nj\u00ebjti KSVn i antenave, megjithat\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb modalitetin e matjeve skalar, pa marr\u00eb parasysh faz\u00ebn, si\u00e7 do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb rastin e vektorit.
\nLinku n\u00eb udh\u00ebzimin e fabrik\u00ebs:
\n Ky instrument \u00ebsht\u00eb krahasuar kryesisht me sistemin e kombinuar t\u00eb matjes GenCom 747A, me kufizim n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn maksimale deri n\u00eb 4 GHz. Po ashtu, n\u00eb teste mori pjes\u00eb edhe mat\u00ebsi i ri i energjis\u00eb i klas\u00ebs precize Anritsu MA24106A, me tabela korrigjuese t\u00eb fabrikuara p\u00ebr frekuenc\u00ebn e matjes dhe temperatur\u00ebn, normalizuar deri n\u00eb 6 GHz. <\/p>\n

Raftet e zhurm\u00ebs s\u00eb analizatorit t\u00eb spektrit, me nj\u00eb \"bllokues\" t\u00eb harmonizuar n\u00eb hyrje:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nMinimumi -85,5 dB, u gjet n\u00eb af\u00ebrsin\u00eb e LPD (426 MHz).
\n Pastaj, me rritjen e frekuenc\u00ebs, pak rritet edhe pragu i zhurm\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e arsyeshme:
\n 1500 MHz - 83,5 dB. 2400 MHz - 79,6 dB. N\u00eb 5800 MHz - 66,5 dB.<\/p>\n

Matja e koeficientit t\u00eb forcimit t\u00eb rritur aktiv t\u00eb Wi-Fi, mbi baz\u00ebn e modulit XQ-02A.
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nKarakteristika e k\u00ebtij booster-i \u00ebsht\u00eb ndezja automatike, e cila kur sigurimi i energjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i aplikuar, nuk e mban menj\u00ebher\u00eb amplifikatorin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ndezur. Duke p\u00ebrzgjedhur p\u00ebrvojsh\u00ebm attenuator\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb madhe, arrita t\u00eb zbuloj pragun e ndezjes s\u00eb automatik\u00ebs s\u00eb integruar. Doli se booster-i kalon n\u00eb gjendje aktive dhe fillon t\u00eb amplifikoj\u00eb sinjalin q\u00eb kalon, vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madh se minus 4 dBm (0.4 mW):
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb test n\u00eb pajisjen e vog\u00ebl, thjesht nuk kishte mjaft nivel t\u00eb daljes nga gjeneratori i integruar, i cili ka nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb dokumentuar n\u00eb TTX, nga minus 15 deri n\u00eb minus 25 dBm. Dhe k\u00ebtu nevojitej t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn minus 4, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb shum\u00eb se minus 15. Po, mund t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb amplifikator i jasht\u00ebm, por detyra ishte tjet\u00ebr.
\n Me pajisjen e madhe matja e KQ t\u00eb booster-it t\u00eb ndezur, rezultoi 11 dB, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me TTX.
\n\u00c7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb se me pajisjen e vog\u00ebl arrita t\u00eb zbuloj sasin\u00eb e dob\u00ebsimit t\u00eb booster-it t\u00eb fikur, por me energji t\u00eb aplikuar. Doli se booster-i i pa energji dob\u00ebson sinjalin q\u00eb kalon deri n\u00eb 12,000 her\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, nj\u00ebher\u00eb kam fluturuar dhe harrova t\u00eb aplikoja energjin\u00eb n\u00eb booster-in e jasht\u00ebm, nj\u00eb hexacopter me gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe kaloi 60-70 metra dhe u ndal p\u00ebr t\u2019u kthyer automatikisht n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e ngritjes. At\u00ebher\u00eb lindi nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb ditur sasin\u00eb e dob\u00ebsimit t\u00eb amplifikatorit t\u00eb fikur. Doli rreth 41-42 dB.<\/p>\n

Gjenerator zhurme 1-3500 MHz
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nNj\u00eb gjenerator zhurme i thjesht\u00eb i klas\u00ebs amatore, i prodhuar n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.
\nKrahasimi linear i leximeve n\u00eb dB k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb disi i pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb amplitud\u00ebs n\u00eb frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga natyra e zhurm\u00ebs vet.
\nMegjithat\u00eb, nga t\u00eb dyja pajisjet arrita t\u00eb nxjerr grafike shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, krahasuese p\u00ebr A\u00c7K:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nK\u00ebtu gama e frekuencave n\u00eb pajisje ishte e caktuar e barabart\u00eb, nga 35 deri n\u00eb 4000 MHz.
\nDhe sa p\u00ebr amplitud\u00ebn, si\u00e7 duket, jan\u00eb marr\u00eb gjithashtu vlera t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n

A\u00c7K kaluese (matja S21), filtri LPF 1.4
\nN\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtimit ky filtr \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur tashm\u00eb. Por aty \u00ebsht\u00eb matur KSVn e tij, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb A\u00c7K e transmetimit, ku duket qart\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb dhe me cilin dob\u00ebsim kalon, si dhe ku dhe sa pret.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nK\u00ebtu duket m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje se t\u00eb dy pajisjet kan\u00eb marr\u00eb A\u00c7K t\u00eb k\u00ebtij filtri pothuajse nj\u00ebsoj:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn fillestare t\u00eb prerjes 1400 MHz, Arinst tregoi amplitud\u00ebn minus 1.4 dB (sh\u00ebnuesi blu Mkr 4), nd\u00ebrsa GenCom minus 1.79 dB (sh\u00ebnuesi M5). <\/p>\n

Matja e dob\u00ebsimit t\u00eb attenuator\u00ebve<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nP\u00ebr matjet krahasuese kam zgjedhur attenuator\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, me mark\u00eb. Nuk kam p\u00ebrdorur ato kineze, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb variacioneve t\u00eb tyre mjaft t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.
\nGama e frekuencave mbetet e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, nga 35 deri n\u00eb 4000 MHz. Kalibrimi i mod\u00ebs s\u00eb matjes me dy porte \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer po ashtu me kujdes, me kontrollin e detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb past\u00ebrtis\u00eb s\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontakteve, n\u00eb lidhjet koaksiale q\u00eb bashkohen. <\/p>\n

Rezultati i kalibrimit n\u00eb nivelin 0 dB:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nFrekuenca e mostr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb mesatare, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb gam\u00ebs s\u00eb caktuar, dmth 2009.57 MHz. Numri i pikave t\u00eb skanimit ishte gjithashtu i barabart\u00eb, 1000+1. <\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nSi\u00e7 duket, rezultati i matjeve t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit ekzemplar attenuator mbi 40 dB, doli t\u00eb ishte edhe pse i af\u00ebrt, disi jo n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje. Arinst SSA-TG R2 tregoi 42.4 dB, nd\u00ebrsa GenCom 40.17 dB, n\u00ebn kushte t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb barabarta. <\/p>\n

Attenuator 30 dB
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nArinst = 31.9 dB
\nGenCom = 30.08 dB
\nNj\u00eb variacion i ngjash\u00ebm i vog\u00ebl n\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje u arrit edhe gjat\u00eb matjes s\u00eb attenuator\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer koh\u00ebn e lexuesve dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn n\u00eb artikull, ato nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rishikim, pasi jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me matjet e paraqitura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Min dhe max track
\nMegjith\u00ebse Aparati \u00ebsht\u00eb portativ dhe i thjesht\u00eb, prodhuesit kan\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqja e minimumeve dhe maksimumeve akumuluese t\u00eb skenave q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet gjat\u00eb konfigurimeve t\u00eb ndryshme.
\nT\u00eb tre pamjet t\u00eb mbledhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh gif, n\u00eb shembullin e filtrit LPF t\u00eb gam\u00ebs 5.8 GHz, n\u00eb lidhjen e t\u00eb cilit jan\u00eb futur q\u00ebllimisht interferenca dhe shqet\u00ebsime:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nTrajektoria e verdh\u00eb \u2014 e dh\u00ebna aktuale e kurb\u00ebs teksa rrotullohen.
\nTrajektoria e kuqe \u2014 maksimumet e mbledhura n\u00eb memorie nga rrotullimet e kaluara.
\nTrajektoria e err\u00ebt e gjelb\u00ebr (pas p\u00ebrpunimit dhe kompresimit e imazheve ngjyr\u00eb gri) \u2014 respektivisht minimumet e A\u00c7H.<\/p>\n

Matja e KSV t\u00eb antenave
\nSi\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb rishikimit, ky aparat ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e lidhjes me nj\u00eb ndar\u00ebs t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb (Direct coupler), ose nj\u00eb most\u00ebr mat\u00ebse q\u00eb ofrohet ve\u00e7mas (por vet\u00ebm deri n\u00eb 2.7 GHz). Programi parashikon kryerjen e kalibrimit OSL, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar aparatin e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb referenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr KSV.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nK\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb ndar\u00ebs i drejtuar me fiderat e matjes fazostabile, por tashm\u00eb i shk\u00ebputur nga aparati pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb matjeve t\u00eb KSVn. Por k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mos e kushtoni v\u00ebmendje mos p\u00ebrputhjes me lidhjen e dukshme. Ndar\u00ebsi i drejtuar lidhet nga e majta me aparatin, por n\u00eb versionin e p\u00ebrmbysur me etiketim mbrapa. K\u00ebshtu, prurja e val\u00ebs s\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb nga gjeneratori (porti i sip\u00ebrm) dhe marrja e reflektuar n\u00eb hyrjen e analizatorit (porti i posht\u00ebm) do t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb e sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dy fotografit\u00eb e bashkuara, shikohet nj\u00eb shembull i till\u00eb i lidhjes dhe marrjes s\u00eb KSVn nga antena e polarizimit t\u00eb gjith\u00eb-rrumbullak\u00ebt tip 'Klever', me frekuenc\u00eb 5.8 GHz.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nQ\u00ebllimi i matjes s\u00eb KSVn nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimet kryesore t\u00eb k\u00ebtij aparati, por megjithat\u00eb, si\u00e7 shihet nga fotografia e shfaqjes, ka ende pyetje t\u00eb arsyeshme n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb. Shkalla e ngurt\u00eb e vazhdueshme e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb grafikut t\u00eb KSVn, me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe deri n\u00eb 6 nj\u00ebsi. Edhe pse n\u00eb grafik p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i kurb\u00ebs s\u00eb KSVn t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj antene \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht i sakt\u00eb, n\u00eb vlerat numerike, p\u00ebr \u00e7udi, nuk shfaqet vlera e sakt\u00eb n\u00eb shenj\u00eb, nuk shfaqen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhjetore dhe nj\u00ebqindore. Vet\u00ebm shumica e plot\u00eb shfaqet si 1, 2, 3... Mbete si nj\u00eb lloj paqart\u00ebsie n\u00eb rezultatet e matjes.
\nMegjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar n\u00ebse antena \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme ose e d\u00ebmtuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e pranueshme. Por p\u00ebr rregullime t\u00eb imta n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me anten\u00ebn, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, e mundshme. <\/p>\n

Matja e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb integruar
\nAshtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe te reflektometri, k\u00ebtu gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb deklaruar n\u00eb TTH vet\u00ebm 2 shifra sakt\u00ebsie pas pik\u00ebs.
\nMegjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb naive t\u00eb pritet q\u00eb nj\u00eb aparat ekonomik si ky t\u00eb ket\u00eb n\u00eb bord nj\u00eb standard frekuence rubidi. *smiley*
\nMegjithat\u00eb, padyshim q\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb interesante p\u00ebr lexuesin kureshtar sasia e gabimit t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjeneratori kaq miniatur\u00eb. Por, duke qen\u00eb se nj\u00eb mat\u00ebs preciz frekuence ishte n\u00eb dispozicion vet\u00ebm deri n\u00eb 250 MHz, u kufizua me shqyrtimin e 4 frekuencave m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb gam\u00eb, thjesht p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar tendenc\u00ebn e gabimit, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb e till\u00eb do t\u00eb zbulohej. Duhet t\u00eb theksohet se edhe n\u00eb frekuenca m\u00eb t\u00eb larta u p\u00ebrgatit\u00ebn fotografi nga nj\u00eb instrument tjet\u00ebr. Mir\u00ebpo, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb artikull, ato nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje, p\u00ebr shkak se v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin raport n\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb gabimit q\u00eb ekziston n\u00eb rangjet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

Kat\u00ebr fotografi p\u00ebr kat\u00ebr frekuenca u grumbulluan n\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh gif, gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer hap\u00ebsir\u00eb: 50,00; 100,00; 150,00 dhe 200,00 MHz
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nTendenca dhe sasia e gabimit ekzistues \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme:
\n50,00 MHz ka nj\u00eb tejkalim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeneratorit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 954 Hz.
\n100,00 MHz, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb, +1,79 kHz.
\n150,00 MHz, edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb +1,97 kHz
\n200,00 MHz, +3,78 kHz<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, frekuenca e sip\u00ebrme u mat nga analizatori GenCom, i cili kishte nj\u00eb mat\u00ebs t\u00eb mir\u00eb frekuence. Ja p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse gjeneratori i integruar n\u00eb GenCom nuk jepte 800 Hz n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 50,00 MHz, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb mat\u00ebsi i jasht\u00ebm e tregoi k\u00ebt\u00eb, por edhe vet\u00eb analizatori i spektrit e mat\u00ebn sakt\u00ebsisht at\u00eb shum\u00eb:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nM\u00eb pas nj\u00eb nga fotografit\u00eb e ekranit, me frekuenc\u00ebn e matur t\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb SSA-TG R2, mbi shembullin e mesit t\u00eb gam\u00ebs Wi-Fi 2450 MHz:
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer hap\u00ebsir\u00eb n\u00eb artikull, gjithashtu nuk e publikova fotografit\u00eb e tjera t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb ekranit, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tyre nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e shkurt\u00ebr e rezultateve t\u00eb matjeve mbi gamat mbi 200 MHz:
\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 433,00 MHz, tejkalimi ishte +7,92 kHz.
\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 1200,00 MHz, = +22,4 kHz.
\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 2450,00 MHz, = +42,8 kHz (n\u00eb fotografin\u00eb e m\u00ebparshme)
\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 3999,50 MHz, = +71,6 kHz.
\nMegjithat\u00eb, karakteristikat e fabrik\u00ebs deklaruan dy shifra pas pik\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha gamat.<\/p>\n

Krahasimi i matjes s\u00eb amplitud\u00ebs s\u00eb sinjalit
\nN\u00eb imazhin gif t\u00eb paraqitur m\u00eb posht\u00eb, jan\u00eb grumbulluar 6 fotografi, ku analizatori Arinst SSA-TG R2 mat vet\u00eb gjeneratorin e tij, n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb frekuenca t\u00eb zgjedhura rast\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n50 MHz -8,1 dBm; 200 MHz -9,0 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,6 dBm;
\n 2500 MHz -9,1 dBm; 3999 MHz -5,1 dBm; 5800 MHz -9,1 dBm
\nMegjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb deklaruar amplituda maksimale e gjeneratorit jo m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se minus 15 dBm, n\u00eb kontroll shihen edhe vlera t\u00eb tjera.
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb sqaruar arsyet e k\u00ebtijindikimi t\u00eb amplitud\u00ebs, u kryen matje me gjeneratorin Arinst SSA-TG R2, n\u00eb sensorin preciz Anritsu MA24106A, me zerozim kalibrimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme, para fillimit t\u00eb matjeve. Po ashtu, \u00e7do her\u00eb u fut vlera e frekuenc\u00ebs, p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e matjes duke marr\u00eb parasysh koeficient\u00ebt, sipas tabel\u00ebs korrigjuese t\u00eb fabrikuar p\u00ebr frekuenc\u00ebn dhe temperatur\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\n35 MHz -9,04 dBm; 200 MHz -9,12 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,06 dBm;
\n 2500 MHz -8,96 dBm; 3999 MHz \u2014 7,48 dBm; 5800 MHz -7,02 dBm
\nSi\u00e7 shihet, vlerat e amplitud\u00ebs s\u00eb sinjalit q\u00eb jep gjeneratori i integruar n\u00eb SSA-TG R2, analizatori matjasht t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm (p\u00ebr kategorin\u00eb amatore t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb). Dhe amplituda e gjeneruar e treguar n\u00eb fund t\u00eb ekranit t\u00eb pajisjes, rezulton se \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht \"vizatuar\", sepse realisht tregon nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se sa duhet brenda kufijve t\u00eb rregulluesh\u00ebm nga -15 deri n\u00eb -25 dBm. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb dyshim t\u00eb shkaktuar n\u00ebse nuk po e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonte ndonj\u00eb sensor i ri Anritsu MA24106A, u krye krahasimi edhe me nj\u00eb analizator sistemik laboratorik nga General Dynamics, modeli R2670B.
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nPor jo, ndryshimi n\u00eb amplitud\u00eb rezultoi t\u00eb ishte krejt i vog\u00ebl, brenda 0,3 dBm.<\/p>\n

Mat\u00ebsi i fuqis\u00eb n\u00eb GenCom 747A gjithashtu nuk tregoi shum\u00eb larg nga niveli i ekzistuesh\u00ebm nga gjeneratori:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nNd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb nivelin 0 dBm, analizatori Arinst SSA-TG R2 p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye tejkaloi paksa parametrat e amplitud\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb sinjalit me 0 dBm.
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, sensori Anritsu MA24106A tregon 0,01 dBm nga kalibratori Anritsu ML4803A.
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nRregullimi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb dob\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb attenuatorit n\u00eb ekranin me prekje me gishta, nuk duket shum\u00eb i leht\u00eb, pasi lista kalon shpejt, ose shpesh kthehet n\u00eb vler\u00ebn ekstreme. Doli t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb e sakt\u00eb p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb stilus t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr:
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nKur u analizuan harmonik\u00ebt e sinjalit me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt 50 MHz, pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gam\u00ebn operative t\u00eb analizatorit (deri n\u00eb 4GHz), u takua nj\u00eb \"anomali\", n\u00eb frekuencat rreth 760 MHz:
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nMe nj\u00eb gam\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e lart\u00eb (deri n\u00eb 6035 MHz), p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb Span t\u00eb sakt\u00eb prej 6000 MHz, anomalit\u00eb gjithashtu ishin t\u00eb dukshme:
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ky sinjal i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, nga ky gjenerator i integruar n\u00eb SSA-TG R2, kur u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr, nuk kishte asnj\u00eb anomali t\u00eb till\u00eb:
\n\"Krahasim
\n
\nPasi q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb analizator tjet\u00ebr nuk u v\u00ebrejt kjo anomali, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb te gjeneratori, por te analizatori i spektrit. <\/p>\n

Attenuatori i nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr zbutjen e amplitud\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeneratorit, qart\u00eb ndalon me hapa nga 1 dB, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha 10 nivelet e tij. M\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb ekran \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb nj\u00eb shteg n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn temporale q\u00eb tregon funksionimin e attenuatorit:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nDuke l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur portin dal\u00ebs t\u00eb gjeneratorit dhe portin hyr\u00ebs t\u00eb analizatorit, e fikja pajisjen. Dit\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kur e ndeza, zbulova nj\u00eb sinjal me harmonika normale n\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb interesante prej 777,00 MHz:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nGjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, gjeneratori ishte l\u00ebn\u00eb i fikur. Pasi kontrollova menu, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ai rezultoi i fikur. Teorikisht, nuk duhej t\u00eb kishte asgj\u00eb n\u00eb daljen e gjeneratorit, n\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb ai ishte i fikur. M\u00eb duhej ta ndizja gjeneratorin n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb ta fikja at\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, frekuenca e \u00e7uditshme zhduket dhe nuk shfaqet m\u00eb vet\u00eb, vet\u00ebm deri n\u00eb momentin tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb ndezjes s\u00eb pajisjes. Me siguri, n\u00eb versionin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb softuerit, prodhuesi do ta rregulloj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vet\u00eb-njohje n\u00eb daljen e gjeneratorit t\u00eb fikur. Por n\u00ebse kablli midis porteve \u00ebsht\u00eb munges\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme se di\u00e7ka nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull, ndoshta vet\u00ebm niveli i zhurm\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb i lart\u00eb. Pas aktivizimit dhe fikjes s\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb gjeneratorit, niveli i zhurm\u00ebs paksa u ul, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb padukshme. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb minus i vog\u00ebl operacional, zgjidhja e t\u00eb cilit k\u00ebrkon 3 sekonda t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta pas ndezjes s\u00eb pajisjes.<\/p>\n

Brend\u00ebsia e Arinst SSA-TG R2 \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb tri foto t\u00eb mbledhura n\u00eb gif:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nKrahasimi i p\u00ebrmasave me analizuesin e vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb spektrit Arinst SSA Pro, mbi t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb smartphone, si ekran:<\/p>\n

\"Krahasim
\n
\nAvantazhet:
\nSi\u00e7 ishte rasti me reflektomet\u00ebrin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm Arinst VR 23-6200, analizuesi Arinst SSA-TG R2 i shqyrtuar k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin form\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmasat, i vog\u00ebl, por nj\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs mjaft serioz p\u00ebr amator\u00ebt e radios. Tani gjithashtu nuk k\u00ebrkon si modelet e kaluara SSA ekrane t\u00eb jashtme, n\u00eb kompjuter ose smartphone.
\nNj\u00eb gam\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e gjer\u00eb, e nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pandar\u00eb n\u00eb bandat e frekuencave, nga 35 deri n\u00eb 6200 MHz.
\nKoha e sakt\u00eb e pun\u00ebs autonome nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar, por kapaciteti i bateris\u00eb litike t\u00eb integruar \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs autonome.
\nNj\u00eb gabim mjaft t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb matje, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb k\u00ebtij klasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, p\u00ebr nivelin amator \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb se i mjaftuesh\u00ebm.
\nMb\u00ebshtetet nga prodhuesi, si me firmware-t ashtu edhe me riparimin fizik, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr blerje, dmth. nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i porositsh\u00ebm, si\u00e7 ndodh ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb me prodhues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Po ashtu jan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur disa disavantazhe:
\nNj\u00eb dalje e paqart\u00eb dhe e pa dokumentuar, spontane nga gjeneratori i sinjalit me frekuenc\u00ebn 777,00 MHz. Sigurisht q\u00eb ky keqkuptim do t\u00eb zgjidhet me nj\u00eb firmware t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse e dini k\u00ebt\u00eb ve\u00e7ori, mund t\u00eb rregullohet leht\u00ebsisht brenda 3 sekondave, duke e fikur dhe ndezur gjeneratorin e integruar.
\nDuhet pak t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet me ekranin me prekje, pasi disa nga butonat virtual\u00eb nuk aktivizohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb kur t\u00ebrhiqen. Por n\u00ebse nuk t\u00ebrhiqen slider-at dhe klikoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb pozitat fundore, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka funksionon sakt\u00ebsisht. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq nj\u00eb disavantazh, sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb \"ve\u00e7ori\" e organeve t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb vizatuara, konkretisht n\u00eb menyn\u00eb e gjeneratorit dhe sliderin e kontrollit t\u00eb attenuatorit.
\n Kur lidheni p\u00ebrmes Bluetooth, analizatori duket se lidhet me telefonin inteligjent, por grafiku i A\u00c7H nuk shfaqet, si\u00e7 ndodhte me SSA Pro t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat e udh\u00ebzimeve u p\u00ebrmbush\u00ebn plot\u00ebsisht, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb seksionin 8 t\u00eb udh\u00ebzimeve t\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs.
\nMu duk se, p\u00ebrderisa po pranon fjal\u00ebkalimin dhe shp\u00ebrfaqet nj\u00eb konfirmim n\u00eb ekranin e telefonit inteligjent, ndoshta kjo funksion \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e firmware-it p\u00ebrmes telefonit inteligjent.
\nPor jo.
\nN\u00eb seksionin 8.2.6 thuhet qart\u00eb:
\n8.2.6. Do t\u00eb ndodhi lidhja e pajisjes me tabletin\/telefonin inteligjent, n\u00eb ekran do t\u00eb shfaqet grafiku i spektrit t\u00eb sinjalit dhe nj\u00eb mesazh informues p\u00ebr lidhjen me pajisjen ConnectedtoARINST_SSA, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ilustruar n\u00eb figur\u00ebn 28. (c)
\nPo, konfirmimi shfaqet, por grafiku \u2014 jo.
\nE kam lidhur shum\u00eb her\u00eb, \u00e7do her\u00eb grafiku nuk shfaqej. Nd\u00ebrsa me SSA Pro t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, direkt menj\u00ebher\u00eb.
\nNj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr disavantazh p\u00ebr \"universalitetin\" e p\u00ebrfolur \u00ebsht\u00eb se, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimit n\u00eb fundin e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb frekuencave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, nuk p\u00ebrshtaten p\u00ebr radioamator\u00ebt e val\u00ebve t\u00eb shkurtra. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, p\u00ebr RC FPV, ato plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht k\u00ebrkesat e entuziast\u00ebve dhe profesionist\u00ebve, madje edhe me tep\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimet:
\nN\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, t\u00eb dy pajisjet lan\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje shum\u00eb pozitive, pasi n\u00eb thelb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kompleks mat\u00ebs t\u00eb kompletuar, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn edhe p\u00ebr nivelin e radiolub\u00ebsve m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar. Politika e formimit t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e analizuar, por megjithat\u00eb ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se homolog\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt n\u00eb treg n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb kaq t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb frekuencash, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb mos g\u00ebzoj\u00eb.
\nQ\u00ebllimi i rishikimit ishte thjesht t\u00eb krahasoheshin k\u00ebto pajisje me teknologjin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar mat\u00ebse dhe t\u00eb ofronte lexuesve referenca t\u00eb dokumentuara me foto t\u00eb treguesve n\u00eb ekran, p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb mendim t\u00eb vetin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vendim t\u00eb pavarur n\u00eb lidhje me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e blerjes. Asnj\u00eb rast nuk ishte ndjekur q\u00ebllime reklamimi. Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim dhe botimi i rezultateve t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimeve.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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