{"id":36892,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/swapgs-novaya-uyazvimost-v-mehanizme-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-cpu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:35","slug":"swapgs-novaya-uyazvimost-v-mehanizme-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-cpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/swapgs-novaya-uyazvimost-v-mehanizme-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-cpu","title":{"rendered":"SWAPGS \u2014 nj\u00eb cenueshm\u00ebri e re n\u00eb mekanizmin e ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb CPU","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00ebrkuesit nga kompania Bitdefender <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bitdefender.com\/business\/swapgs-attack.html\">identifikuan<\/a><\/noindex> nj\u00eb far\u00eb t\u00eb re (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2019-1125\">CVE-2019-1125<\/a><\/noindex>) n\u00eb mekanizmin e ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instruktimeve t\u00eb CPU-ve moderne, e cila mori emrin SWAPGS, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me emrin e instruktionit t\u00eb procesorit q\u00eb shkakton problemin. Vulnerabiliteti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/4329821\">mund\u00ebson<\/a><\/noindex> mund\u00ebson nj\u00eb sulmues pa privilegje t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e zonave t\u00eb memorjes s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ose t\u00eb makinave virtuale t\u00eb ngarkuara. Problemi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/more-information-swapgs-and-speculative-only-segment-loads\">\u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel (x86_64) dhe pjes\u00ebrisht <noindex>preket<\/noindex> n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk e shfaqin vektorin kryesor t\u00eb sulmit. Metodat e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb kund\u00ebrveprimit ndaj vulnerabiliteteve Spectre dhe Meltdown nuk jan\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse ndaj sulmit SWAPGS duke p\u00ebrdorur procesor\u00eb Intel, por tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb propozuar rregullime p\u00ebr Linux, ChromeOS, Android dhe Windows.<\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabiliteti i p\u00ebrket klas\u00ebs Spectre v1 dhe bazohet n\u00eb iden\u00eb e rikuperimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga cache e procesorit, t\u00eb cilat mbeten pas ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instruktimeve. Blloqet e parashikimit t\u00eb kalimeve n\u00eb CPU-t\u00eb moderne p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanc\u00ebn aplikojn\u00eb ekzekutimin parashikues t\u00eb disa instruktimeve, t\u00eb cilat shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi do t\u00eb ekzekutohen, por pa pritur p\u00ebr llogaritjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb ekzekutimin e tyre (p\u00ebr shembull, kur kushtet e kalimit ose parametrat e qasjes ende nuk jan\u00eb llogaritur). N\u00ebse parashikimi nuk konfirmohet, procesori hedh rezultatet e ekzekutimit spekulativ, por t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrpunuara gjat\u00eb saj mbetet n\u00eb cache e procesorit dhe mund t\u00eb rikuperohen p\u00ebrmes metodave t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb cache-s p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb jashtme, duke analizuar ndryshimin n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e qasjes ndaj t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb cache-uar dhe t\u00eb pa-cache-uara. <\/p>\n<p>Karakteristika e re e sulmit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i rrjedhjes, q\u00eb ndodh gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instruktionit SWAPGS, i cili aplikohet n\u00eb sistemet operative p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar vler\u00ebn e regjistrit GS gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e OS (vlera e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me vler\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorur gjat\u00eb operacioneve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb). N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux, GS ruan nj\u00eb tregues per_cpu, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit treguesit p\u00ebr TLS (Thread Local Storage). <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur thirrjen e dyfisht\u00eb t\u00eb instrukcionit SWAPGS gjat\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb nga hap\u00ebsira e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ose kur ekzekutohet kodi q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkon z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e regjistrit GS, para instrukcionit b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb kontroll dhe kalim kushtor. Mekanizmi i ekzekutimit spekulativ kalon paraprakisht n\u00eb ekzekutimin e kodit me instrukcionin SWAPGS, pa pritur rezultatin e kontrollet, dhe n\u00ebse dega e zgjedhur nuk konfirmohet, hidhet rezultati. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn dega e zgjedhur spekulativisht nuk parashikon ekzekutimin e SWAPGS, por gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ, vlera e regjistrit GS do t\u00eb ndryshohet nga instrukcioni SWAPGS dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb operacione t\u00eb varura me memorien, t\u00eb cilat mbesin n\u00eb cache-n e CPU-s\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebrkuesit kan\u00eb propozuar dy skenar\u00eb sulmi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb zhvilluar prototipa eksploit\u00ebsh. Skenari i par\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur instruksioni SWAPGS nuk ekzekutohet spekullativisht, megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa skenari i dyt\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebrkundazi, kur instruksioni SWAPGS ekzekutohet spekullativisht, edhe pse realisht nuk duhet. P\u00ebr \u00e7do skenar jan\u00eb parashikuar dy variante shfryt\u00ebzimi: sulmuesi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb vler\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn b\u00ebrthamore dhe sulmuesi mund t\u00eb kryej\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb adresa rast\u00ebsore n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb. Kryerja e sulmit k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb leak mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ekzekutohet eksploitimi p\u00ebr disa or\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"S-m7XVBzusU\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/S-m7XVBzusU\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Luaj videon\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux problemi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=18ec54fdd6d18d92025af097cd042a75cf0ea24c\">\u00ebsht\u00eb eliminuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ndryshimit t\u00eb logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb instrukcionit SWAPGS (bllokimi i ekzekutimit spekulativ), n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rregullimin e t\u00eb tjera dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Spectre v1. Supozohet se mbrojtja e shtuar do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb minimalisht n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e ngarkesave tipike t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Vonesa ndodh n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kalimit midis hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, e cila mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb kryerjes intensive t\u00eb thirjeve sistemike nga nj\u00eb aplikacion ose gjat\u00eb gjenerimit t\u00eb shpesht\u00eb t\u00eb NMI-ve dhe nd\u00ebrprerjeve. <\/p>\n<p>Korrigjimi k\u00ebrkon instalimin e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi b\u00ebrthamore si n\u00eb sistemin kryesor ashtu edhe n\u00eb ambientet pjesore, me nj\u00eb rinisje t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme t\u00eb sistemit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar mbrojtjen n\u00eb Linux, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret opsioni \u00abnospectre_v1\u00bb, i cili gjithashtu \u00e7aktivizon masat p\u00ebr blokimin e vulnerabilitetit SWAPGS. Korrigjimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb form\u00ebn e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=18ec54fdd6d18d92025af097cd042a75cf0ea24c\">patch-it<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebshimet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v4.x\/ChangeLog-4.19.65\">4.19.65<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/ChangeLog-5.2.7\">5.2.7<\/a><\/noindex>, 4.14.137, 4.9.188 dhe 4.4.188. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjet Linux ende nuk jan\u00eb l\u00ebshuar (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2019-1125\">Debian<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-1125\">RHEL<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=1738285\">Fedora<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security.archlinux.org\/CVE-2019-1125\">Arch Linux<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.novell.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-1125\">SUSE\/openSUSE<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.canonical.com\/~ubuntu-security\/cve\/2019\/CVE-2019-1125.html\">Ubuntu<\/a><\/noindex>). N\u00eb Windows problemi u zgjidh pa shum\u00eb zhurm\u00eb n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.msrc.microsoft.com\/en-US\/security-guidance\/advisory\/CVE-2019-1125\">p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e korrikut<\/a><\/noindex>. Kompania Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/chromium-review.googlesource.com\/c\/chromiumos\/third_party\/kernel\/+\/1739575\">p\u00ebrgatiti<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 4.19, q\u00eb ofrohet n\u00eb ChromeOS dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/android-review.googlesource.com\/c\/kernel\/common\/+\/1097435\">Android<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Sipas hulumtuesve nga kompanis\u00eb Bitdefender, Intel u informua p\u00ebr problemin q\u00eb n\u00eb gusht t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar. Problemi u zgjidh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb programore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u angazhuan zhvilluesit nga Microsoft, Google dhe b\u00ebrthama Linux p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb korrigjim t\u00eb koordinuar. Procesor\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr Intel, deri n\u00eb Ivy Bridge, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u sulmuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr instrukcioni WRGSBASE, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb eksploatimin. Sistem\u00ebt ARM, POWER, SPARC, MIPS dhe RISC-V nuk preken nga problemi, pasi nuk mb\u00ebshtesin instrukcioni SWAPGS.<\/p>\n<p>Problemi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon kryesisht pronar\u00ebt e procesor\u00ebve Intel \u2014<br \/>\n n\u00eb sistemet AMD \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur t\u00eb riprodhohet vet\u00ebm skenari i dyt\u00eb i sulmit, q\u00eb kufizohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin spekulativ t\u00eb vler\u00ebs baz\u00eb t\u00eb regjistrit GS, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur disa vlera n\u00eb zona rast\u00ebsore t\u00eb memories. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar k\u00ebt\u00eb variant t\u00eb sulmit <noindex>\u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft<\/noindex> metodat ekzistuese t\u00eb mbrojtjes nga dob\u00ebsit\u00eb Spectre v1. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51234\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Bitdefender \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2019-1125) \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 CPU, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u044f SWAPGS, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Intel (x86_64) \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b AMD, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Bitdefender \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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