{"id":37049,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","title":{"rendered":"Trajnim Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 13. Konfigurimi i VLAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot na sot si do t'u p\u00ebrkushtojm\u00eb konfigurimeve t\u00eb VLAN, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb realizojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn flisnim n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme. Aktualisht do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb 3 pyetje: krijimi i VLAN, ndarja e porteve VLAN dhe shikimi i baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb hapim dritaren e programit Cisco Packet Tracer me topologjin\u00eb logjike t\u00eb rrjetit ton\u00eb t\u00eb vizatuar nga un\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nN\u00eb switch-in e par\u00eb SW0 jan\u00eb lidhur 2 kompjuter\u00eb PC0 dhe PC1, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN10 me intervalin e IP adresave 192.168.10.0\/24. Sipas radh\u00ebs, adresat IP t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kompjuter\u00ebve do t\u00eb jen\u00eb 192.168.10.1 dhe 192.168.10.2. Zakonisht njer\u00ebzit e identifikojn\u00eb numrin e VLAN n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb oktet-it t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs IP, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb 10, megjithat\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i detyruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr identifikimin e rrjeteve; ju mund t\u00eb caktoni \u00e7do identifikues VLAN, megjithat\u00eb ky rend \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, sepse leht\u00ebson konfigurimin e rrjetit. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas \u00ebsht\u00eb switch-i SW1, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN20 me adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.0\/24 me dy laptop\u00eb Laptop1 dhe Laptop2.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

VLAN10 \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb kompanis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson rrjetin e drejtuesve t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjes. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb switch SW0 \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur edhe laptopi Laptop0 i marketingut, i cili p\u00ebrket n\u00eb VLAN20. Ky rrjet shtrihet n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb, ku ndodhen punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me departamentin e shitjes, i cili mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ose n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zyra. Atje jan\u00eb instalohen edhe 3 kompjuter\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb - PC2, 3 dhe 4, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e rrjetit VLAN10.<\/p>\n

Rrjeti VLAN10, ashtu si VLAN20, duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb komunikim t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve pavar\u00ebsisht nga pozita e tyre n\u00eb kate t\u00eb ndryshme ose n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb ndryshme. K\u00ebt\u00eb koncept t\u00eb rrjetit ne do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb sot. <\/p>\n

Le t'ia fillojm\u00eb konfigurimin dhe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me kompjuterin PC0. Duke klikuar mbi ikon\u00ebn, do t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimet e rrjetit t\u00eb kompjuterit dhe do t\u00eb vendosim adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.10.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0. Nuk po vendos adres\u00ebn e port\u00ebs s\u00eb paracaktuar, sepse ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr daljen nga nj\u00eb rrjet lokal n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, dhe n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb ne nuk do t\u00eb merremi me cil\u00ebsimet e nivelit 3 t\u00eb OSI, na intereson vet\u00ebm niveli 2, dhe nuk kemi nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb ruterimin e trafikut n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nNe pohojme p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar intranetin dhe vet\u00ebm ato hoste q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin atij. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te kompjuter PC2 dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb si p\u00ebr PC1. Tani do t\u00eb shohim n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb pingoj PC1 nga kompjuteri PC0. Si\u00e7 e shihni, ping-u \u00ebsht\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm dhe kompjuteri me IP adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.2 kthen paketat me siguri. Pra, ne e kemi vendosur me sukses komunikimin midis PC0 dhe PC1 n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet swit\u00e7it. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar pse arrit\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb, le t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e swit\u00e7it dhe t\u00eb shohim tabel\u00ebn e VLAN.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nN\u00eb aspektin teknik, ky swit\u00e7 ka 5 VLAN: VLAN1 si parazgjedhje, si dhe 1002, 1003, 1004 dhe 1005. N\u00ebse shikoni kat\u00ebr rrjetet e fundit, mund t\u00eb shihni se ato nuk mb\u00ebshteten dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara si t\u00eb paparamenduar. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb rrjete virtuale nga teknologjia e vjet\u00ebr \u2013 fddi, fddinet, trnet. Aktualisht ato nuk p\u00ebrdoren, por sipas k\u00ebrkesave teknike akoma p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb pajisjet e reja. Pra, n\u00eb fakt, swit\u00e7i yn\u00eb ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb rrjet virtual si parazgjedhje \u2013 VLAN1, prandaj, t\u00eb gjitha portet e \u00e7do swit\u00e7i Cisco jan\u00eb \u201cnga fabrika\u201d t\u00eb konfiguruara p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb 24 porte Fast Ethernet dhe 2 porte Gigabit Ethernet. Kjo e leht\u00ebson ndjesh\u00ebm kompatibilitetin e swit\u00e7eve t\u00eb reja, sepse n\u00eb parazgjedhje t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN1.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb rikonfigurojm\u00eb portet q\u00eb jan\u00eb parazgjedhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me VLAN1, p\u00ebr t'i nd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb VLAN10. Packet Tracer tregon se n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb portet Fa0 dhe Fa0\/2. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nT\u00eb kthehemi te swit\u00e7i SW0 dhe konfiguroni k\u00ebta dy porta. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, un\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn configure terminal p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit global, dhe do t\u00eb shkruaj komand\u00ebn e konfigurimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij interfaci \u2013 int fastEthernet 0\/1. M\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vendos p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs access, sepse ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb port access, dhe un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nKy port konfigurohet si nj\u00eb port static access, por n\u00ebse e lidh me nj\u00eb swit\u00e7 tjet\u00ebr, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb protokollit DTP ai do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin dinamik trunk. N\u00eb parazgjedhje, ky port i p\u00ebrket VLAN1, prandaj duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan 10. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, sistemi do t\u00eb na jap\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb VLAN10 nuk ekziston dhe duhet ta krijojm\u00eb at\u00eb. N\u00ebse mbani mend, n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN kemi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb rrjet \u2013 VLAN1, dhe nuk ka asnj\u00eb rrjet VLAN10 atje. Por ne k\u00ebrkuam q\u00eb swit\u00e7i t\u00eb ofronte akses n\u00eb VLAN10, prandaj mor\u00ebm nj\u00eb mesazh gabimi.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, na duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN10 dhe t'i lidhim k\u00ebtij porti t\u00eb qasjes. Pas k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebse hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb shohim VLAN0010 e sapokrijuar, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje aktive dhe porti Fa0\/1 i p\u00ebrket asaj. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nNuk b\u00ebm\u00eb asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb kompjuter, thjesht konfiguram\u00eb portin e switch-it, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur. Tani do t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.10.2, si\u00e7 e b\u00ebm\u00eb me sukses disa minuta m\u00eb par\u00eb. Nuk arrit\u00ebm asgj\u00eb, sepse porta, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur PC0, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa porta e lidhur me kompjuterin PC1 i p\u00ebrket ende VLAN1, dhe s'ka asnj\u00eb lidhje nd\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtyre dy rrjeteve. P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur lidhjen nd\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtyre kompjuter\u00ebve, duhet t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb t\u00eb dy portat q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me VLAN10. Po hyj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit global dhe b\u00ebj veprime t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr switchport f0\/2.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri tabel\u00ebn VLAN. Tani shohim se rrjeti VLAN10 \u00ebsht\u00eb i konfiguruar n\u00eb portat Fa0\/1 dhe Fa0\/2. Si\u00e7 e shohim, tani ping-u kalon me sukses, sepse t\u00eb dy portat e switch-it SW0, ku lidhur jan\u00eb pajisjet, i p\u00ebrkasin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrjet. Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb emrin e rrjetit p\u00ebr ta sh\u00ebnuar q\u00ebllimin e tij. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb VLAN, duhet t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e k\u00ebtij rrjeti. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkruaj komand\u00ebn vlan 10, dhe ju shihni q\u00eb mp.m.c i komandave ndryshoi nga Switch (config) # n\u00eb Switch (config-vlan) #. N\u00ebse shkruani pyetje, sistemi do t\u00eb na tregoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm 3 komanda t\u00eb mundshme: exit, name dhe no. Un\u00eb mund t\u00eb caktoj emrin e rrjetit duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn name, t\u00eb rikthej komandat n\u00eb gjendjen e tyre t\u00eb paracaktuar duke shkruar no ose t\u00eb ruaj ndryshimet e b\u00ebra duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn exit. Prandaj, shkruaj komandat name SALES dhe exit.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nN\u00ebse shikojm\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb konfirmojm\u00eb se ekipet tona jan\u00eb realizuar dhe VLAN10 e m\u00ebparshme tani mban emrin SALES \u2013 departamenti i shitjeve. K\u00ebshtu, lidh\u00ebm dy kompjuter\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs ton\u00eb me rrjetin e krijuar t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr departamentin e marketingut. P\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur laptopin Laptop0 me k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e tij t\u00eb rrjetit dhe t\u00eb vendosim adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0, porta e parazgjedhur nuk na nevojitet. M\u00eb pas, duhet t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e switch-it, t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e portit me komand\u00ebn int fa0\/3 dhe t\u00eb japim komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. Komanda tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb jet\u00eb switchport access vlan 20. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrs\u00ebri po marrim nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb VLAN si kjo nuk ekziston dhe e duhet krijuar. Mund t\u00eb shkosh n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2013 do t\u00eb dal nga cil\u00ebsimi i portit t\u00eb Switch (config-if), hyj n\u00eb Switch (config) dhe jap komand\u00ebn vlan 20, duke krijuar k\u00ebshtu rrjetin VLAN20. Pra, mund fillimisht t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb rrjetin VLAN20, t'i japim atij emrin MARKETING, t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb ndryshimet me komand\u00ebn exit, dhe pastaj t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb portin p\u00ebr t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e VLAN me komand\u00ebn sh vlan, mund t\u00eb shohim rrjetin MARKETING q\u00eb krijuam dhe portin e tij p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs Fa0\/3. Nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb pingoj kompjuter\u00ebt nga ky laptop p\u00ebr dy arsye: kemi VLAN t\u00eb ndryshme dhe pajisjet tona i p\u00ebrkasin n\u00ebnrrjetave t\u00eb ndryshme. Duke qen\u00eb se ata i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-eve t\u00eb ndryshme, switch-i do t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb jasht\u00eb paketat e laptopit q\u00eb drejtohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, sepse ai nuk ka nj\u00eb port q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket VLAN20. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 thash\u00eb, kompania po zgjerohet, zyra e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb nuk mjafton, prandaj ajo vendos departamentin e marketingut n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs, duke instaluar kompjuter\u00eb p\u00ebr 2 punonj\u00ebs dhe d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb lidhje me departamentin e marketingut n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme fillimisht t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb trunk mes dy switch-\u00ebve \u2013 portit Fa0\/4 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe portit Fa0\/1 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, hyj n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e SW0 dhe sh\u00ebnjoh komandat int f0\/4 dhe switchport mode trunk. <\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb komand\u00eb inkapsulimi switchport trunk enc, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb switch-t\u00eb e rinj ajo nuk aplikohet, sepse ato p\u00ebrdorin si parazgjedhje teknologjin\u00eb e inkapsulimit sipas protokollit 802.1q. Megjithat\u00eb, modelet e vjetra t\u00eb switch-ve Cisco p\u00ebrdornin protokollin pronar ISL, i cili nuk p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb, pasi tani t\u00eb gjitha switch-t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb protokollin .1Q. K\u00ebshtu, nuk ka m\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn switchport trunk enc.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse tani hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb shohim se porti Fa0\/4 ka humbur. Kjo ndodh sepse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb listuar vet\u00ebm portet access q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin nj\u00eb VLAN specifike. P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb portet trunk t\u00eb switch-it, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn sh int trunk. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nN\u00eb dritaren e komandave ne shohim se porti Fa0\/4 \u00ebsht\u00eb i aktivizuar, realizon encapsulation sipas protokollit 802.1q dhe i p\u00ebrket VLAN-s\u00eb native 1. Si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb, n\u00ebse ky port trunk pranon trafik t\u00eb pa etiketuar, automatikisht e drejton at\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e VLAN-s\u00eb native 1. N\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e ardhsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr konfigurimin e VLAN-s\u00eb native, p\u00ebr momentin thjesht mbani mend si duket konfigurimi i trunk-ut p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje.<\/p>\n

Tani po kaloj n\u00eb switch-in e dyt\u00eb SW1, hy n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit int f0\/1 dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebris sekuenc\u00ebn e konfigurimit t\u00eb portit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Dy portet Fa0\/2 dhe Fa0\/3, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me laptop\u00ebt e punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb marketingut, duhet t\u00eb konfigurohen n\u00eb modin access dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN20. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm ne konfiguram secilin port t\u00eb switch-it individualisht, dhe tani dua t'ju tregoj se si ta p\u00ebrshpejtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb model t\u00eb komandave n\u00eb linj\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb futni komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar nj\u00eb gam\u00eb interfaces int range f0\/2-3, rezultati i t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komandave t\u00eb marr\u00eb form\u00ebn Switch (config-if-range)#, dhe do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb futni parametrin e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb ose t\u00eb aplikoni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn komand\u00eb n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e caktuar t\u00eb porteve, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr 20 porte. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb shembullin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm disa her\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat komanda switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 10 p\u00ebr disa porte t\u00eb switch-it. K\u00ebto komanda mund t\u00eb futen nj\u00eb her\u00eb, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb gam\u00eb portesh. Tani do t\u00eb fus komanda switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 20 p\u00ebr gam\u00ebn e zgjedhur t\u00eb porteve. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nDuke marr\u00eb parasysh q\u00eb rrjeti VLAN20 p\u00ebr momentin nuk ekziston, sistemi do ta krijoj\u00eb at\u00eb automatikisht. Fut exit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur ndryshimet e b\u00ebra dhe k\u00ebrkoj t\u00eb m\u00eb tregoni tabel\u00ebn e VLAN. Si\u00e7 e shihni, tani portet Fa0\/2 dhe Fa0\/3 jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN20 t\u00eb sapo krijuar. <\/p>\n

Tani do ta konfiguroj adreset IP t\u00eb laptop\u00ebve n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs son\u00eb: Laptop1 do t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn 192.168.20.2 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebndrejtimit 255.255.255.0, nd\u00ebrsa Laptop2 do t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.3. Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb funksionalitetin e rrjetit duke pinguar laptopin e par\u00eb nga i dyti. Si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, pingimi kalon me sukses, sepse t\u00eb dyja pajisjet jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb VLAN dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin switch. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nMegjithat\u00eb, laptop\u00ebt e departamentit t\u00eb marketingut n\u00eb katet e par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndryshme, ndon\u00ebse ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrjet VLAN. Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb se si sigurohet lidhja mes tyre, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb pingoj nga Laptop2 laptopin n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb, i cili ka adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.1. Si\u00e7 e shihni, gjith\u00e7ka funksionon pa probleme edhe pse laptop\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndryshme. Lidhja sigurohet p\u00ebrmes faktit se t\u00eb dy switch-et jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me trunk. <\/p>\n

A mund t\u00eb realizoj lidhje midis Laptop2 dhe kompjuterit PC0? Jo, nuk mundem, sepse ata i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-eve t\u00eb ndryshme. Tani do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb konfigurimin e rrjetit p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt PC2, 3, 4, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn fillimisht do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb trunk mes switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb Fa0\/4 dhe switch-it t\u00eb tret\u00eb Fa0\/1. <\/p>\n

Hyj n\u00eb konfigurimet SW1 dhe sh\u00ebnoj komand\u00ebn config t, pastaj aktivizoj int f0\/4, e m\u00eb pas vendos komandat switchport mode trunk dhe exit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb un\u00eb konfigurimin edhe p\u00ebr switch-in e tret\u00eb SW2. Kemi krijuar nj\u00eb trunk dhe si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, pasi konfigurimet hyn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi, ngjyra e porteve ndryshoi nga portokalli n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen portet Fa0\/2, 0\/3, 0\/4, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me kompjuter\u00ebt e departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin rrjetit VLAN10. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, hyj n\u00eb konfigurimet e switch-it SW2, p\u00ebrzgjidh gam\u00ebn e porteve f0\/2-4 dhe aplikoj p\u00ebr to komandat switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 10. Meqen\u00ebse n\u00eb k\u00ebto porte nuk ka rrjet VLAN10, ajo krijohet automatikisht nga sistemi. N\u00ebse shikoni n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN t\u00eb k\u00ebtij switch-i, mund t\u00eb shihni se tani portet Fa0\/2, 0\/3, 0\/4 i p\u00ebrkasin rrjetit VLAN10. <\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfiguroni rrjetin p\u00ebr secilin nga k\u00ebta 3 kompjuter\u00eb, duke futur adresat IP dhe maskat e n\u00ebndrejtimit. PC2 merr adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.3, PC3 \u2013 adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.4, dhe PC4 \u2013 adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.10.5. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00eb pyetjen, n\u00ebse rrjeti yn\u00eb funksionon, do t\u00eb pingoj kompjuterin PC0 n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb nga kompjuteri PC4, q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Pingimi p\u00ebrfundoi me d\u00ebshtim, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb pse nuk arrit\u00ebm ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kur ne po p\u00ebrpiqeshim t\u00eb pingonim Laptop0 nga Laptop2, gjith\u00e7ka funksiononte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, ndon\u00ebse laptop\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Pse tani, kur kompjuter\u00ebt tan\u00eb t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve jan\u00eb po ashtu t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb lidhur me trunk, ping-u nuk kalon? P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar shkakun e problemit, duhet t\u00eb rikujtojm\u00eb se si funksionon nj\u00eb switch. <\/p>\n

Kur ne d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb nga kompjuteri PC4 n\u00eb switch SW2, ai sheh se paketa arrin n\u00eb portin Fa0\/4. Switch-i kontrollon baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe zbulon se porta Fa0\/4 i p\u00ebrket rrjetit VLAN10. Pas k\u00ebsaj, switch-i etiket\u00ebn flet\u00ebn me numrin e rrjetit, pra i bashkangjit nj\u00eb titull VLAN10 paket\u00ebs s\u00eb trafikut, dhe e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes trunk-ut n\u00eb switch-in e dyt\u00eb SW1. K\u00ebt\u00eb switch e \"lexon\" titullin dhe sheh se paketa \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, i hedh nj\u00eb sy n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN dhe, duke zbuluar se VLAN10 nuk ekziston atje, e hedh paket\u00ebn. K\u00ebshtu, pajisjet PC2, 3 dhe 4 mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb pa probleme mes tyre, por p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur lidhje me kompjuter\u00ebt PC0 dhe PC1 p\u00ebrfundon me d\u00ebshtim, sepse switch-i SW1 nuk di asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10. <\/p>\n

Ne mund ta rregullojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb problem leht\u00ebsisht duke hyr\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e SW1, duke krijuar rrjetin VLAN10 me komand\u00ebn vlan 10 dhe duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij emrin MARKETING. Le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim ping-un \u2013 do t\u00eb shihni se tri paketat e para jan\u00eb hedhur, nd\u00ebrsa e kat\u00ebrta kalon me sukses. Kjo shpjegohet me faktin se p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb switch-i kontrolloi adresat IP dhe p\u00ebrcaktoi adres\u00ebn MAC, kjo ka marr\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb tri paketat e para u hodh\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb skadimit. Tani lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur, sepse switch-i ka plot\u00ebsuar tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb adresave MAC dhe d\u00ebrgon paketat direkt n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e nevojshme.
\n\u00c7far\u00ebdo q\u00eb kam b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin ishte t\u00eb hynja n\u00eb konfigurimin e switch-it nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb krijoja rrjetin VLAN10 atje. Prandaj, edhe n\u00ebse rrjeti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt i lidhur me switch-in, ai akoma duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha rrjetet q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb lidhjet rrjet\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse n\u00eb rrjetin tuaj ka qindra switch-e, ju fizikisht nuk do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb konfigurimin e \u00e7do nj\u00ebri prej tyre dhe t\u00eb konfiguroni identifikuesit VLAN me dor\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse ne p\u00ebrdorim protokollin VTP, konfigurimin e t\u00eb cilit do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb videon e ardhshme. <\/p>\n

Pra ndaj, sot ne shqyrtuam gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb menduam: si t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN, si t\u00eb caktuar portet VLAN dhe si t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar rrjeta, hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global t\u00eb switch-it dhe p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn vlan , gjithashtu mund t\u00eb caktojm\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr rrjetin e krijuar me komand\u00ebn name . <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nNe gjithashtu mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, duke hyr\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e nd\u00ebrfaqes dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan . N\u00eb rast se nuk ka nj\u00eb rrjet me at\u00eb num\u00ebr, ai do t\u00eb krijohet automatikisht nga sistemi. Mos harro t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh komand\u00ebn exit pas b\u00ebrjes s\u00eb ndryshimeve n\u00eb konfigurimin inicial, p\u00ebrndryshe ato nuk do t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN. M\u00eb pas, mund t\u00eb lidhni portet me rrjetet specifike VLAN duke p\u00ebrdorur komandat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\nKomanda switchport mode access e kalon nd\u00ebrfaqen n\u00eb modalitetin statik t\u00eb portit access-port, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs numri p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs i VLAN-it caktohet portit me komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan . P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, p\u00ebrdoret komand\u00ebn show vlan, e cila duhet t\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb modalitetin e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC. P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb list\u00ebn e porteve trunk, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn show int trunk. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnim
\n
\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c VLAN, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0442\u043e, \u043e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c 3 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 VLAN, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 VLAN \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 VLAN. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b Cisco Packer tracer \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438. \u041a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0443 SW0 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b 2 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 PC0 \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 13. Konfigurimi VLAN | ProHoster","description":"Lezioni i sot\u00ebm do ta dedikojm\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb VLAN, pra do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb realizojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kemi folur n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 13. 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