{"id":37049,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:29","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 13. Konfigurimi i VLAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00ebsimi i sot\u00ebm do t'i kushtohet konfigurimeve t\u00eb VLAN, dmth do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb realizojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kemi diskutuar n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme. Tani do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb 3 \u00e7\u00ebshtje: krijimi i VLAN, ndarja e porteve t\u00eb VLAN dhe shikimi i baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb hapim dritaren e programit Cisco Packet Tracer me topologjin\u00eb logjike t\u00eb rrjetit ton\u00eb t\u00eb vizatuar nga un\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr switchin e par\u00eb SW0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura 2 kompjuter\u00eb PC0 dhe PC1, t\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN10 me diapazonin e adresave IP 192.168.10.0\/24. P\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, adresat IP t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kompjuter\u00ebve do t\u00eb jen\u00eb 192.168.10.1 dhe 192.168.10.2. Njerezit zakonisht identifikojn\u00eb numrin e VLAN n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb oktetit t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs IP, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 10, megjithat\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kusht i detyruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr em\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve; ju mund t\u00eb caktoni \u00e7do identifikues VLAN, por kjo rregull \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar n\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, pasi e leht\u00ebson konfigurimin e rrjetit. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas ndodhet switchi SW1, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin VLAN20 me adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.0\/24, me dy laptop\u00eb Laptop1 dhe Laptop2.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

VLAN10 ndodhet n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb kompanis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rrjetin e departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb switch SW0 \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur laptopi Laptop0 i marketerit, i cili i p\u00ebrket VLAN20. Ky rrjet shtrihet n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb, ku ndodhen punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me departamentin e shitjeve, i cili mund t\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr apo n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zyre. K\u00ebtu jan\u00eb instaluar edhe 3 kompjuter\u00eb \u2013 PC2, 3 dhe 4, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN10.<\/p>\n

Rrjeti VLAN10, ashtu si VLAN20, duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb komunikim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit, pavar\u00ebsisht se ata ndodhen n\u00eb kate t\u00eb ndryshme ose n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb ndryshme. K\u00ebt\u00eb koncept rrjeti do e shqyrtojm\u00eb sot. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me konfigurimin e saj duke filluar nga kompjuteri PC0. Duke klikuar n\u00eb ikon\u00eb, do t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e rrjetit t\u00eb kompjuterit dhe do t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb IP-n\u00eb 192.168.10.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0. Nuk po fut adres\u00ebn e derguesit e default, sepse ajo nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga nj\u00eb rrjet lokal n\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, dhe n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb merremi me konfigurimet e niveleve 3 t\u00eb OSI, na intereson vet\u00ebm niveli 2, dhe nuk po planifikojm\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb routing-un e trafikut n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe do t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb nj\u00eb intranet dhe vet\u00ebm ato host-e q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb t\u00eb. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te kompjuteri PC2 dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb si p\u00ebr PC-n\u00eb e par\u00eb. Tani do t\u00eb verifikoj n\u00ebse mund ta pingoj PC1 nga kompjuteri PC0. Si\u00e7 e shihni, ping-u kalon, dhe kompjuteri me adres\u00eb IP 192.168.10.2 kthehet sakt\u00eb me paketa. Pra, ne kemi vendosur me sukses nj\u00eb lidhje midis PC0 dhe PC1 p\u00ebrmes switch-it. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar pse arrit\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e switch-it dhe do t\u00eb shohim tabel\u00ebn VLAN.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb aspektin teknik, ky switch ka 5 VLAN: VLAN1 si parazgjedhje, si dhe 1002, 1003, 1004, dhe 1005. Duke e par\u00eb 4 rrjetet e fundit, mund t\u00eb shohim se ato nuk mb\u00ebshteten dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara si unsupported. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb rrjete virtuale t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr \u2013 fddi, fddinet, trnet. Aktualisht ato nuk p\u00ebrdoren, por sipas k\u00ebrkesave teknike, akoma p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb pajisjet e reja. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb thelb, switchi yn\u00eb ka si parazgjedhje vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb rrjet virtual \u2013 VLAN1, prandaj t\u00eb gjitha portet e \u00e7do switch-i Cisco \u201enga kutia\u201c jan\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurara p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb 24 porte Fast Ethernet dhe 2 porte Gigabit Ethernet. Kjo leht\u00ebson ndjesh\u00ebm kompatibilitetin e switch-eve t\u00eb rinj, sepse n\u00eb parazgjedhje t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN1 t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb ri-em\u00ebrojm\u00eb portet, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb parazgjedhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me VLAN1, p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me VLAN10. Packet Tracer tregon se n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb portet Fa0 dhe Fa0\/2. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb kthehemi te switchi SW0 dhe t\u00eb konfiguroni k\u00ebta dy porte. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn configure terminal p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global, dhe shkruaj komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe \u2013 int fastEthernet 0\/1. Duhet t\u00eb caktosh modalitetin e pun\u00ebs access p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb port access, dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKy port konfigurohet si nj\u00eb port access statik, por n\u00ebse i lidh nj\u00eb switch tjet\u00ebr, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb protokollit DTP ai do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin dinamik trunk. Sipas parazgjedhjes, ky port i p\u00ebrket VLAN1, prandaj duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan 10. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb, sistemi do t\u00eb na jap\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb VLAN10 nuk ekziston dhe duhet t\u00eb krijohet. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN ne kemi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb rrjet \u2013 VLAN1, dhe nuk ka ndonj\u00eb rrjet VLAN10 atje. Por ne k\u00ebrkuam q\u00eb switchi t\u00eb na ofronte akses n\u00eb VLAN10, prandaj mor\u00ebm nj\u00eb mesazh gabimi.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, na nevojitet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN10 dhe t'i pranojm\u00eb k\u00ebtij porti access. Pas k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebse shkon te baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb shoh\u00ebsh VLAN0010 q\u00eb sapo u krijua, e cila ndodhet n\u00eb gjendje aktive dhe i p\u00ebrket portit Fa0\/1. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb kompjuter, thjesht kemi konfiguruar portin e switch-it t\u00eb cilit ai i \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur. Tani do t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb pingojm\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.10.2, q\u00eb e b\u00ebm\u00eb me sukses disa minuta m\u00eb par\u00eb. Nuk pat\u00ebm sukses, sepse porta, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur PC0, tani i p\u00ebrket rrjetit VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa porta e lidhur me kompjuterin PC1 vazhdon t'i p\u00ebrkas\u00eb VLAN1, dhe s'ka asnj\u00eb lidhje midis k\u00ebtyre dy rrjeteve. P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur lidhjen mes k\u00ebtyre kompjuter\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen t\u00eb dyja portat p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me VLAN10. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri po hyj n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global dhe po kryej veprime t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr switchport f0\/2.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb shikojm\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri tabel\u00ebn VLAN. Tani shohim se rrjeti VLAN10 \u00ebsht\u00eb i konfiguruar n\u00eb portet Fa0\/1 dhe Fa0\/2. Si\u00e7 e shohim, tani ping-u kalon me sukses, sepse t\u00eb dy portat e switch-it SW0, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me pajisjet, i p\u00ebrkasin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrjet. Le t\u00eb provojm\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb emrin e rrjetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar q\u00ebllimin e tij. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb VLAN, duhet t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e k\u00ebtij rrjeti. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, un\u00eb shkruaj komand\u00ebn vlan 10, dhe ju shihni se mesazhi i komand\u00ebs ndryshoi nga Switch (config) # n\u00eb Switch (config-vlan) #. N\u00ebse shkruaj pyetje, sistemi do t\u00eb na tregoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm 3 komanda t\u00eb mundshme: exit, name dhe no. Mund t\u00eb caktosh nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr rrjetin duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn name, t\u00eb kthej komandat n\u00eb gjendjen e tyre t\u00eb parazgjedhur, duke shkruar no ose t\u00eb ruaj ndryshimet e b\u00ebra duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn exit. Prandaj, un\u00eb shkruaj komandat name SALES dhe exit.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse shikoni baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb konstatoni se komandat tona jan\u00eb ekzekutuar dhe VLAN10 e m\u00ebparshme tani ka emrin SALES - departamenti i shitjeve. Pra, ne lidh\u00ebm 2 kompjuter\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs son\u00eb me rrjetin e krijuar t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. Tani duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr departamentin e marketingut. P\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur laptopin Laptop0 me k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet, duhet t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e tij t\u00eb rrjetit dhe t\u00eb vendosim IP-n\u00eb 192.168.20.1 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0, derhiu i parazgjedhur nuk na nevojitet. M\u00eb pas, duhet t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e switch-it, t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e portit me komand\u00ebn int fa0\/3 dhe t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. Komanda tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb jet\u00eb switchport access vlan 20. <\/p>\n

Ne kemi prap\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb VLAN i till\u00eb nuk ekziston dhe duhet t\u00eb krijohet. Mund t\u00eb ndjekim nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2013 do t\u00eb dal nga konfigurimi i portit Switch (config-if), do t\u00eb hy n\u00eb Switch (config) dhe do t\u00eb vendos komand\u00ebn vlan 20, duke krijuar k\u00ebshtu rrjetin VLAN20. Pra, mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb rrjetin VLAN20, t\u2019i japim emrin MARKETING, ta ruajm\u00eb ndryshimin me komand\u00ebn exit, dhe pastaj t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb portin p\u00ebr t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn VLAN me komand\u00ebn sh vlan, mund t\u00eb shohim rrjetin MARKETING q\u00eb krijuam dhe portin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs Fa0\/3. Nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb pingoj kompjuter\u00ebt nga ky laptop p\u00ebr dy arsye: kemi VLAN t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm dhe pajisjet tona i p\u00ebrkasin n\u00ebnrrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme. Duke qen\u00eb se ato i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-ve t\u00eb ndryshme, switch-i do t\u00eb hedh\u00eb posht\u00eb paketat e laptopit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuara p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, sepse nuk ka nj\u00eb port q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket VLAN20. <\/p>\n

Si si thash\u00eb, kompania po zgjerohet, zyra e vog\u00ebl n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb nuk mjafton, prandaj ajo po vendos departamentin e marketingut n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs, duke instaluar atje kompjuter\u00eb p\u00ebr 2 punonj\u00ebs dhe d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb lidhje me departamentin e marketingut n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb krijohet fillimisht nj\u00eb trunk mes dy switch-\u00ebve \u2013 portit Fa0\/4 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe portit Fa0\/1 t\u00eb switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, un\u00eb hyj n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet SW0 dhe fut komandat int f0\/4 dhe switchport mode trunk. <\/p>\n

Ekziston komanda e inkapsulimit switchport trunk enc, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb switch-\u00ebt e rinj ajo nuk aplikohet, sepse n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb default ata p\u00ebrdorin teknologjin\u00eb e inkapsulimit sipas protokollit 802.1q. Megjithat\u00eb, modelet e vjetra t\u00eb switch-\u00ebve Cisco p\u00ebrdornin protokollin proprietary ISL, i cili tani nuk aplikohet m\u00eb, pasi tani t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-\u00ebt kuptojn\u00eb protokollin .1Q. K\u00ebshtu, nuk keni m\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e komand\u00ebs switchport trunk enc.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse tani hyni n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb shihni se porti Fa0\/4 ka humbur. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb tregohen vet\u00ebm portet access, t\u00eb cilat i p\u00ebrkasin nj\u00eb VLAN specifik. P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb portet trunk t\u00eb switch-it, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn sh int trunk. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb dritaren e komand\u00ebs, ne shohim se porta Fa0\/4 \u00ebsht\u00eb e aktivizuar, realizon inkapsulimin sipas protokollit 802.1q dhe i p\u00ebrket VLAN-it natyror 1. Si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb, n\u00ebse ky port trunk pranon trafik pa etiket\u00eb, automatikisht e drejton at\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e VLAN-it natyror 1. N\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e ardhsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr konfigurimin e VLAN-it natyror; p\u00ebr tani, thjesht mbani mend si duken cil\u00ebsimet e trunk-it p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje.<\/p>\n

Tani po kaloj n\u00eb switch-in e dyt\u00eb SW1, hyj n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit int f0\/1 dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebris rendin e konfigurimit t\u00eb portit me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si n\u00eb rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Dy portet Fa0\/2 dhe Fa0\/3, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb lidhur me laptop\u00ebt e stafit t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb marketingut, duhet t\u00eb konfigurohen n\u00eb modin access dhe t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohen p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN20. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, ne konfigurour individualisht \u00e7do port t\u00eb switch-it, nd\u00ebrsa tani do t\u00eb tregoj se si ta p\u00ebrshpejtoj k\u00ebt\u00eb proces duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb model komandash. Mund t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar nj\u00eb gam\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqesh int range f0\/2-3, si rezultat, k\u00ebrkesa e komand\u00ebs do t\u00eb marr\u00eb form\u00ebn Switch (config-if-range)#, dhe ju do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb jepni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin parametrik ose t\u00eb aplikoni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn komand\u00eb n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcaktuar t\u00eb porteve, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr 20 porte. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb shembullin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm disa her\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat komanda switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 10 p\u00ebr disa porta t\u00eb switch-it. K\u00ebto komanda mund t\u00eb shkruhen nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gam\u00eb portesh. Tani do t\u00eb shkruaj komandat switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 20 p\u00ebr gam\u00ebn e zgjedhur t\u00eb porteve. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr shkak se rrjeti VLAN20 ende nuk ekziston, sistemi do ta krijoj\u00eb automatikisht at\u00eb. Po shkruaj exit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur ndryshimet e b\u00ebra dhe k\u00ebrkoj t\u00eb m\u00eb tregoni tabel\u00ebn e VLAN. Si\u00e7 e shihni, tani portat Fa0\/2 dhe Fa0\/3 jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN20 q\u00eb sapo u krijua. <\/p>\n

Tani do ta jap IP adreset e laptop\u00ebve n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs son\u00eb: Laptop1 do t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn 192.168.20.2 dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0, nd\u00ebrsa Laptop2 do t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.3. Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb funksionalitetin e rrjetit duke b\u00ebr\u00eb ping nga laptopi i par\u00eb te i dyti. Si\u00e7 e shihni, ping funksionon pa probleme, pasi t\u00eb dy pajisjet jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs VLAN dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin switch. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nMegjithat\u00eb, laptop\u00ebt e departamentit t\u00eb marketingut n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndryshme, ndon\u00ebse ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrjet VLAN. Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb si sigurohet komunikimi midis tyre; p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do b\u00ebj ping nga Laptop2 te laptopi n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb, i cili ka adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.20.1. Si\u00e7 e shihni, gjith\u00e7ka funksionon pa probleme, pavar\u00ebsisht se laptop\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me switch-e t\u00eb ndryshme. Komunikimi realizohet sepse t\u00eb dy switch-et jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me trunk. <\/p>\n

A mund t\u00eb vendos lidhje midis Laptop2 dhe kompjuterit PC0? Jo, nuk mundem, sepse ata i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-ve t\u00eb ndryshme. Tani do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb konfigurimin e rrjetit p\u00ebr kompjuter\u00ebt PC2,3,4, p\u00ebr \u00e7ka m\u00eb par\u00eb do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb trunk midis switch-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb Fa0\/4 dhe switch-it t\u00eb tret\u00eb Fa0\/1. <\/p>\n

Un\u00eb hyj n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e SW1 dhe shkruaj komand\u00ebn config t, pastaj th\u00ebrras int f0\/4, pastaj fut komandat switchport mode trunk dhe exit. Po ashtu, un\u00eb konfiguroni switchin e tret\u00eb SW2. Kemi krijuar nj\u00eb trunk dhe e shihni se pas aktivizimit t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve, ngjyra e porteve ndryshoi nga portokalli n\u00eb jeshile. Tani duhet t\u00eb konfiguroni portet Fa0\/2, 0\/3, 0\/4, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me kompjuter\u00ebt e departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkasin rrjetit VLAN10. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, hyj n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e switchit SW2, zgjedh gam\u00ebn e porteve f0\/2-4 dhe aplikoj komandat switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 10. Pasi q\u00eb rrjeti VLAN10 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto porte, ai krijohet automatikisht nga sistemi. N\u00ebse shikoni n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN t\u00eb k\u00ebtij switchi, mund t\u00eb shihni se tani portet Fa0\/2, 0\/3, 0\/4 i p\u00ebrkasin rrjetit VLAN10. <\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfiguroni rrjetin p\u00ebr secilin nga k\u00ebto 3 kompjuter\u00eb, duke futur IP adresat dhe maskat e n\u00ebnrrjetit. PC2 merr adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.3, PC3 \u2013 adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.4, dhe PC4 \u2013 IP adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.5. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrgjigjur pyetjes n\u00ebse rrjeti yn\u00eb funksionon, do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb ping nga kompjuteri PC0 n\u00eb katin e par\u00eb nga kompjuteri PC4, i vendosur n\u00eb katin e tret\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Pingimi d\u00ebshtoi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb pse nuk arrit\u00ebm ta realizonim k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kur p\u00ebrpiqeshim t\u00eb pingonim Laptop0 nga laptopi Laptop2, gjith\u00e7ka funksiononte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, pavar\u00ebsisht se pajisjet ishin t\u00eb lidhura me ndswitch t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Pse tani, kur kompjuter\u00ebt tan\u00eb n\u00eb departamentin e shitjeve jan\u00eb po ashtu t\u00eb lidhur me switch t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm q\u00eb lidhen me trunk, pingimi nuk kalon? P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar shkakun e problemit, duhet t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb se si funksionon switch-i. <\/p>\n

Kur d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb nga kompjuteri PC4 n\u00eb switch SW2, ai sheh se paketa po arrin n\u00eb portin Fa0\/4. Switchi kontrollon baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe zbulon se porti Fa0\/4 i p\u00ebrket rrjetit VLAN10. Pas k\u00ebsaj, switchi etiketon \u00e7arjen me numrin e rrjetit, pra, i shton paket\u00ebs nj\u00eb header VLAN10 dhe e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes tranqit n\u00eb switchin e dyt\u00eb SW1. Ky switch \"lexon\" headerin dhe sheh se paketa \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, kontrollon n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN dhe, duke zbuluar se VLAN10 nuk ekziston atje, e hedh at\u00eb paket\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, pajisjet PC2, PC3 dhe PC4 mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb pa probleme me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, por p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb lidhje me kompjuter\u00ebt PC0 dhe PC1 d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb, sepse switchi SW1 nuk di asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10. <\/p>\n

Ne e kemi t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhim k\u00ebt\u00eb problem duke hyr\u00eb n\u00eb konfigurimin e SW1, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rrjet VLAN10 me komand\u00ebn vlan 10 dhe duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij emrin MARKETING. T\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim pingimin \u2013 shihni se tri paketat e para jan\u00eb hedhur, nd\u00ebrsa e kat\u00ebrta kalon me sukses. Kjo ndodh sepse s\u00eb pari, switch-i kontrolloi adresat IP dhe p\u00ebrcaktoi adres\u00ebn MAC, dhe kjo mori disa koh\u00eb, prandaj tri paketat e para u hodh\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb skadimit. Tani lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur, sepse switch-i plot\u00ebsoi tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb adresave MAC dhe d\u00ebrgon paketat direkt n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkuar.
\nGjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin ishte t\u00eb hyja n\u00eb konfigurimin e switch-it nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb krijoja aty nj\u00eb rrjet VLAN10. K\u00ebshtu, edhe n\u00ebse rrjeti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me switch-in, ai prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dij\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha rrjetet q\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb lidhjet rrjet\u00ebsore. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse rrjeti juaj ka nj\u00ebqind switch-e, fizikisht nuk do t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb konfigurimin e secilit dhe t\u00eb konfiguroni manualisht identifikuesit VLAN. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse ne p\u00ebrdorim protokollin VTP, konfigurimin e t\u00eb cilit do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb videon e ardhshme. <\/p>\n

Sot, sot sot, ne shqyrtuam gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kishim planifikuar: si t\u00eb krijoni VLAN, si t\u00eb caktoni portet e VLAN dhe si t\u00eb shikoni baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN. P\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar rrjete, hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global t\u00eb kaluesit dhe p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn vlan , gjithashtu mund t\u00eb caktojm\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr rrjetin e krijuar me komand\u00ebn name . <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe gjithashtu mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb VLAN nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, duke hyr\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e nd\u00ebrfaqes dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan . N\u00ebse nuk ka nj\u00eb rrjet me at\u00eb num\u00ebr, ai do t\u00eb krijohet automatikisht nga sistemi. Mos harroni t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn exit pas ndryshimeve n\u00eb konfigurimin fillestar, ndryshe ato nuk do t\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN. M\u00eb pas, mund t\u00eb lidhni portet me rrjete specifike VLAN, duke p\u00ebrdorur komandat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKomanda switchport mode access e kalon nd\u00ebrfaqen n\u00eb modalitetin statik t\u00eb access-port, pas \u00e7ka numri p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs i VLAN-it i caktohet portit me komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan . P\u00ebr t\u00eb shikuar baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN p\u00ebrdoret komanda show vlan, e cila duhet t\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb modalitetin e p\u00ebrdoruesit EXEC. P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb list\u00ebn e porteve trunk, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn show int trunk. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c VLAN, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0442\u043e, \u043e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c 3 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 VLAN, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 VLAN \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 VLAN. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b Cisco Packer tracer \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438. \u041a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0443 SW0 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b 2 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 PC0 \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 13. Konfigurimi i VLAN | ProHoster","description":"Sot\u00eb do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr konfigurimet VLAN, pra do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb realizojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kemi diskutuar n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e kaluara. Aktualisht do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb 3 pyetje: krijimi i VLAN, caktimi i porteve VLAN dhe shikimi i databaz\u00ebs VLAN. Do t\u00eb hapim programin Cisco Packet Tracer me topologjin\u00eb logjike t\u00eb rrjetit ton\u00eb t\u00eb vizatuar prej meje. N\u00eb switch-in e par\u00eb SW0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur 2 kompjuter\u00eb PC0 dhe","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-13-nastrojka-vlan","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 13. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 VLAN | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a 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