{"id":37221,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:24","slug":"pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pochemu-sistemnye-administratory-dolzhny-stanovitsya-devops-inzhenerami","title":{"rendered":"Pse administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen inxhinier\u00eb DevOps","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pse
\n<\/p>\n

N\u00eb jet\u00eb, nuk ka koh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar se sot.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/i>
\nJemi n\u00eb vitin 2019, dhe tema e DevOps \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb aktuale se kurr\u00eb. Thuhet se dit\u00ebt e administruesve t\u00eb sistemeve kan\u00eb mbaruar, ashtu si\u00e7 kaloi epoka e mainframe-ve. Por, a \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet k\u00ebshtu?
\nSi\u00e7 ndodh shpesh n\u00eb IT, situata ka ndryshuar. Metodologjia DevOps ka lindur, por ajo nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb pa nj\u00eb njeri me aft\u00ebsi administratori sistemi, dmth pa Ops.<\/p>\n

Para se qasja DevOps t\u00eb merrte form\u00ebn e saj moderne, un\u00eb m\u00eb konsideroja nj\u00eb Ops. Dhe e di mir\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ndjen nj\u00eb admin kur kupton se sa shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra nuk di dhe sa pak koh\u00eb ka p\u00ebr t'u m\u00ebsuar.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Pse<\/p>\n

Por, a \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet kaq e frikshme? Do t\u00eb thoja se nuk duhet ta shihni munges\u00ebn e njohurive si nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb madh. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb profesionale. <\/p>\n

Produktet e nivelit web-bazuar bazohen n\u00eb Linux ose n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb software me burim t\u00eb hapur, dhe n\u00eb treg ka gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak specialist\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t'i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb atyre. K\u00ebrkesa tashm\u00eb ka tejkaluar numrin e profesionist\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb. Nj\u00eb administrator sistemi nuk mund m\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb punoj\u00eb pa rritur nivelin e tij t\u00eb kualifikimit. Ai duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb aft\u00ebsi automatizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar shum\u00eb server\u00eb\/nodes dhe duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb mir\u00eb parimet e funksionimit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemet q\u00eb lindin.<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb b\u00ebheni an\u00ebtar i ekipit DevOps, do t'ju duhet t\u00eb kaloni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, por interesante, duke studiuar teknologji dhe mjete t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur sistemin n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me standardet DevOps. <\/p>\n

Pra, si mund t\u00eb kaloni nga qasja tradicionale si administrator n\u00eb konceptin e ri t\u00eb DevOps? Si gjithmon\u00eb: n\u00eb fillim duhet t\u00eb ndryshoni mendimin tuaj. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e leht\u00eb t\u00eb hiqni dor\u00eb nga qasja q\u00eb keni ndjekur p\u00ebr dhjet\u00eb apo nj\u00ebzet vjet dhe t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb b\u00ebni gjith\u00e7ka ndryshe, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme.<\/p>\n

E para, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptoni se DevOps nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pozita specifike n\u00eb kompani, por nj\u00eb grup praktikash t\u00eb caktuara. K\u00ebto praktika p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen e sistemeve t\u00eb izoluara, zvog\u00eblimin e d\u00ebmit nga gabimet dhe defektet, p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e shpesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb softuerit, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb mir\u00eb midis zhvilluesve (Dev) dhe administrator\u00ebve (Ops), si dhe testimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb kodit, por edhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb struktur\u00ebs brenda procesit t\u00eb integrimit dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb vazhdueshme (CI\/CD)<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 ndryshimit t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb mendimit, duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni t\u00eb mbani infrastruktur\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb siguroheni p\u00ebr funksionimin e saj t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe disponibilitetin p\u00ebr integrimin dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e vazhdueshme t\u00eb aplikacioneve, sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe softuerit.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb mund t'ju mungoj\u00eb si specialist Ops jan\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e programimit. Tani, shkruajtja e skripteve q\u00eb administruesit e sistemeve p\u00ebrdorin p\u00ebr instalimin automatizuar t\u00eb patch-eve n\u00eb server, menaxhimin e skedar\u00ebve dhe llogarive, p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve dhe p\u00ebr hartimin e dokumentacionit, tashm\u00eb konsiderohet e vjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb raste relativisht t\u00eb thjeshta, skriptet ende p\u00ebrdoren, por koncepti i DevOps parashikon zgjidhjen e detyrave n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, qoft\u00eb implementimi, testimi, puna me nd\u00ebrtimet apo shp\u00ebrndarja.<\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni automatizimin, duhet t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni pak nga programimi, edhe n\u00ebse nuk jeni zhvillues, sepse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit tuaj automatizimi i infrastruktur\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb DevOps e k\u00ebrkon k\u00ebt\u00eb aft\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebni? P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbetur nj\u00eb specialist i k\u00ebrkuar, duhet t\u00eb fitoni aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja \u2014 t\u00eb zot\u00ebroni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi, si p.sh. Python. Nj\u00eb person q\u00eb merret profesionalisht me administrimin mund ta konsideroj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb se vet\u00ebm zhvilluesit programojn\u00eb. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb b\u00ebheni ekspert, megjithat\u00eb njohja e nj\u00eb prej gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb programimit (mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb Python, Bash apo madje Powershell<\/a><\/noindex>) patjet\u00ebr q\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb avantazh.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb programoni, do t'ju duhet pak koh\u00eb. B\u00ebhuni t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb duruar \u2014 kjo do t'ju ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb ruani kuptimin e situat\u00ebs gjat\u00eb bisedave me zhvilluesit e ekipit DevOps dhe klient\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb gjysm\u00eb ore n\u00eb dit\u00eb, nj\u00eb or\u00eb ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2014 t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit e gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb programimit duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet q\u00ebllimi juaj kryesor.<\/p>\n

Administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve dhe specialist\u00ebt DevOps trajtojn\u00eb probleme t\u00eb ngjashme, megjithat\u00eb, ka dallime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Mendohet se nj\u00eb administrator sistemi nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb inxhinier DevOps. Sipas k\u00ebsaj, administrator\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb konfigurimin, mir\u00ebmbajtjen dhe garantimin e funksionimit t\u00eb sistemeve serverike, nd\u00ebrsa inxhinier\u00ebt DevOps e menaxhojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb plus nj\u00eb karroc\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Por, sa e sakt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo deklarat\u00eb?<\/p>\n

Administrator sistemi: nj\u00eb luft\u00ebtar i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fush\u00eb<\/h3>\n

\nPavar\u00ebsisht dallimeve dhe ngjashm\u00ebrive t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, un\u00eb shoh q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt nuk ka dallime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mes administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemeve dhe DevOps. Administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb kryer t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat funksione si specialist\u00ebt e DevOps, thjesht askush m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk e quante k\u00ebt\u00eb DevOps. Mendoj se s\u2019ka kuptim t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr dallime, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me ndonj\u00eb detyr\u00eb. Po ashtu, nuk duhet harruar se, ndryshe nga administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve, DevOps nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pozita, por nj\u00eb koncept.<\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gj\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, pa t\u00eb cil\u00ebn diskutimi mbi administrat\u00ebn dhe DevOps do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i paplot\u00eb. Administrata e sistemeve, n\u00eb kuptimin e saj tradicional, k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb specialisti t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb set specifik aft\u00ebsish dhe t\u00eb jet\u00eb orientuar drejt mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb infrastrukturave. Jo n\u00eb kuptimin q\u00eb ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs universitar, por q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb detyrash q\u00eb kryhen nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb administrator\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, atij i duhet her\u00eb pas here t\u00eb veproj\u00eb si nj\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs teknik, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb thuajse gjith\u00e7ka. Dhe n\u00ebse nj\u00eb administrator \u00ebsht\u00eb i vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb organizat\u00ebn, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai do t\u00eb kryej\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn teknike. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka: nga mir\u00ebmbajtja e printer\u00ebve dhe kopjuesve deri te p\u00ebrmbushja e detyrave t\u00eb lidhura me rrjetin, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb konfigurimi dhe menaxhimi i ruter\u00ebve dhe switch-eve apo konfigurimi i firewall-it.<\/p>\n

Ai gjithashtu do t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e pajisjeve, kontrollin dhe analizimin e regjistrave, auditimin e siguris\u00eb, instalimin e patches n\u00eb server, zgjidhjen e problemeve, analiza e shkaqeve themelore dhe automatizimin \u2014 zakonisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet skriptave PowerShell, Python ose Bash. Nj\u00eb nga shembujt e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb skriptave<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb menaxhimi i llogarive t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe grupeve. Krijimi i llogarive t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe caktimi i lejeve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e lodhshme, pasi p\u00ebrdoruesit shfaqen dhe zhduken pothuajse \u00e7do dit\u00eb. Automatizimi p\u00ebrmes skriptave lejon lirimin e koh\u00ebs p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e detyrave m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e switch-eve dhe server\u00ebve dhe p\u00ebr kryerjen e projekteve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb fitimin e kompanis\u00eb ku punon administratorin (edhe pse zakonisht besohet se departamenti IT nuk sjell t\u00eb ardhura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt).<\/p>\n

Detyra e administratorit t\u00eb sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb mos harxhoj\u00eb koh\u00ebn kot dhe t\u00eb kursej\u00eb parat\u00eb e kompanis\u00eb me \u00e7do mund\u00ebsi. Her\u00eb-her\u00eb, administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve punojn\u00eb si an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb madh, duke bashkuar, p\u00ebr shembull, administrator\u00ebt e Linux, Windows, baze t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, ruajtjes dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Grafiku i pun\u00ebs gjithashtu mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb turn n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs n\u00eb fund t\u00eb dit\u00ebs mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb detyrat e turnit tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb procesin (follow-the-sun); ose mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb normale pune nga ora 9 e m\u00ebngjesit deri n\u00eb 5 t\u00eb pasdites; ose mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave 24\/7.<\/p>\n

Administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve me kalimin e koh\u00ebs kan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb strategjikisht dhe t\u00eb kombinojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme me detyrat rutin\u00eb. Grupet dhe departamentet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ata punojn\u00eb zakonisht kan\u00eb munges\u00eb burimesh, por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb detyrat e p\u00ebrditshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

DevOps: zhvillimi dhe mir\u00ebmbajtja jan\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi<\/h3>\n

\nDevOps<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj filozofie e proceseve t\u00eb zhvillimit dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjes. Ky qasje n\u00eb bot\u00ebn IT \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb novatore. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen e DevOps n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb punon nj\u00eb ekip zhvilluesish t\u00eb softuerit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekip specialist\u00ebsh t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbajtjes. shpesh ata bashk\u00ebngjiten me specialist\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb produkteve, testues dhe dizajner\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve p\u00ebrdoruesit. Duke bashkuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre, k\u00ebta specialist\u00eb optimizojn\u00eb operacionet e pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb lan\u00e7uar me shpejt\u00ebsi aplikacione t\u00eb reja dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar kodin me q\u00ebllim mb\u00ebshtetje dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim efektiviteti t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kompanis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

The essence of DevOps lies in monitoring the development and functioning of software throughout its entire life cycle. Maintenance specialists should support developers, while developers need to understand not only the APIs used in systems but also what lies beneath (i.e., how hardware and operating systems function) to better manage errors, troubleshoot issues, and interact with maintenance specialists.<\/p>\n

System administrators can transition to a DevOps team if they are eager to learn new technologies and open to innovative ideas and solutions. As mentioned earlier, they do not have to become full-fledged programmers, but mastering programming languages like Ruby, Python, or Go can make them valuable team members. Although system administrators traditionally work independently and are often seen as loners, in DevOps they will experience a completely different environment where all participants interact with one another.<\/p>\n

The topic of automation is becoming increasingly relevant. Both system administrators and DevOps specialists are interested in operational scaling, reducing errors, and quickly identifying and fixing existing issues. Therefore, automation is an area where both fields converge. System administrators are responsible for cloud services like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. They must understand the principles of continuous integration and delivery and how to utilize tools of the kind Jenkins<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Moreover, system administrators should apply configuration and management tools such as Ansible<\/a><\/noindex>, necessary for the parallel deployment of ten or twenty servers.<\/p>\n

The main concept is infrastruktura si kod<\/a><\/noindex>. Software is everywhere. Essentially, to keep the profession of system administrator relevant, it is just a matter of shifting the focus slightly. System administrators are responsible for maintenance and must effectively interact with developers, and vice versa. As they say, two heads are better than one.<\/p>\n

And the final detail in this mechanism is Git<\/a><\/noindex>. Working with Git is one of the traditional everyday responsibilities of a system administrator. This version control system is widely used by developers, DevOps specialists, agile teams, and many others. If your work involves the software life cycle, you will definitely be working with Git.<\/p>\n

Git contains numerous capabilities. You will probably never learn all Git commands, but you will understand why this tool is considered essential for communication and collaboration in software development. A solid understanding of Git is very important if you work in a DevOps team.<\/p>\n

If you are a system administrator, you need to study Git better, understand how version control works, and memorize common commands: git status, git commit -m, git add, git pull, git push, git rebase, git branch, git diff <\/b>and others. There are many online courses and books that can help you learn this topic from scratch and become a professional with concrete skills. There are also great cheat sheets with Git commands<\/a><\/noindex>, so memorizing them all isn\u2019t necessary, but the more you use Git, the easier it will become for you.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h3>\n

\nIn the end, it\u2019s up to you to decide whether to become a DevOps specialist or remain a system administrator. As you can see, transitioning requires training, but the sooner you start, the better. Choose a programming language and simultaneously learn tools like Git<\/a><\/noindex> (version control), Jenkins<\/a><\/noindex> (CI\/CD, continuous integration), and Ansible<\/a><\/noindex> (configuration and automation). No matter which path you choose, remember that continuous learning and skill improvement are essential.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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