{"id":37271,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-18-osnovy-marshrutizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:41","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-18-osnovy-marshrutizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-18-osnovy-marshrutizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 18. T\u00eb mirat e rrug\u00ebzimit.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot, do t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e router-\u00ebve. N\u00ebse keni ndjekur kursin tim video nga m\u00ebsimi i par\u00eb deri n\u00eb t\u00eb 17-in, at\u00ebher\u00eb tashm\u00eb keni m\u00ebsuar bazat e switch-eve. Tani po kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjen tjet\u00ebr \u2013 router-in. Si\u00e7 e dini nga m\u00ebsimi i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, nj\u00eb nga temat e kursit CCNA quhet \u2013 Cisco Switching & Routing.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seri ne nuk do t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb router-at Cisco, por do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb konceptin e routing-ut n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Do t\u00eb kemi tri tema. E para \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e asaj q\u00eb tashm\u00eb dini p\u00ebr router-at dhe nj\u00eb bised\u00eb mbi se si mund t\u00eb aplikohet s\u00eb bashku me njohurit\u00eb q\u00eb keni fituar gjat\u00eb studimit t\u00eb switch-eve. Duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se si bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb switch-et dhe router-at.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb routing, \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb dhe si funksionon, dhe pastaj do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb llojet e protokolleve t\u00eb routing-ut. Sot do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb topologji q\u00eb e keni par\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kemi shqyrtuar se si kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb rrjet dhe si kryhet tre fazashim i TCP. Mesazhi i par\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb SYN. Le t\u00eb shohim se si ndodh tre fazashimi kur kompjuteri me adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.10 d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb lidhet me serverin 30.1.1.10, do thot\u00eb se po p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje FTP.
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar lidhjen, kompjuteri krijon nj\u00eb port burimi me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr rast\u00ebsor 25113. N\u00ebse e keni harruar si ndodh kjo, ju rekomandoj t\u00eb shikoni p\u00ebrs\u00ebri m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme ku \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar ky \u00e7\u00ebshtje. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas, ai vendos n\u00eb frame numrin e portit t\u00eb destinacionit, p\u00ebr shkak se e di se duhet t\u00eb lidhet me portin 21, pastaj shton informacionin e nivelit t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb OSI, do thot\u00eb adres\u00ebn e tij IP dhe adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb destinacionit. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara me pik\u00eb t\u00eb ndar\u00eb, nuk ndryshojn\u00eb derisa t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb pik\u00ebn finale. Kur arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb server, ato gjithashtu nuk ndryshojn\u00eb, por serveri shton informacionin e nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb n\u00eb frame, do thot\u00eb adres\u00ebn MAC. Kjo ndodh p\u00ebr shkak se switch-et perceptojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm informacionin e nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb OSI. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skenar, router-i \u00ebsht\u00eb pajisja e vetme rrjet\u00ebsore q\u00eb shqyrton informacionin e nivelit 3, natyrisht, kompjuteri gjithashtu punon me k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion. Pra, switch-i punon vet\u00ebm me informacionin e nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa router-i me at\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb tret\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Switch-i di adres\u00ebn MAC burimore XXXX:XXXX:1111 dhe d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dij\u00eb adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb serverit q\u00eb kompjuteri po e kontakton. Ai krahason adres\u00ebn IP burimore me adres\u00ebn e destinacionit, kupton se k\u00ebto pajisje ndodhen n\u00eb subnet t\u00eb ndryshme dhe merr vendimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gateway-in p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb subnet tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb shpesh m\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pyetje se kush vendos se cila duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa IP e gateway-it. S\u00eb pari, kjo vendoset nga administratori i rrjetit, i cili krijon rrjetin dhe jep adres\u00eb IP p\u00ebr \u00e7do pajisje. Si administrator, ju mund t\u00eb caktoni router-it \u00e7do adres\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhet brenda gam\u00ebs s\u00eb adresave t\u00eb lejuara t\u00eb subnetit tuaj. Zakonisht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa e par\u00eb ose e fundit e lejuar, por nuk ka rregulla strikte q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb caktimin e saj. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, administratori cakton adres\u00ebn e gateway-it, ose router-it, 10.1.1.1 dhe ia jep portit F0\/0. <\/p>\n

Kur konfiguroni nj\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb kompjuterin me adres\u00eb IP statike 10.1.1.10, caktoni mask\u00ebn e subnetit 255.255.255.0 dhe gateway-n\u00eb e paracaktuar 10.1.1.1. N\u00ebse nuk po p\u00ebrdorni adres\u00eb statike, at\u00ebher\u00eb kompjuteri po p\u00ebrdor DHCP, i cili cakton nj\u00eb adres\u00eb dinamike. Pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse kompjuteri po p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP statike ose dinamike, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb gateway-i p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, kompjuteri 10.1.1.10 di se duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb frame-in te router-i 10.1.1.1. Kjo transferim ndodh brenda rrjetit lokal, ku adresa IP nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme vet\u00ebm adresa MAC. Supozoni se m\u00eb par\u00eb kompjuteri nuk ka kontaktuar kurr\u00eb me router-in dhe nuk e di adres\u00ebn e tij MAC, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ai duhet s\u00eb pari t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ARP, duke pyetur t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e subnet-it: \"hej, kush nga ju ka adres\u00ebn 10.1.1.1? Ju lutem, m\u00eb tregoni adres\u00ebn tuaj MAC!\". Duke qen\u00eb se ARP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh i transmetuar gjer\u00ebsisht, ai arrin n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet e t\u00eb gjitha pajisjeve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb router-in. <\/p>\n

Kompjuteri 10.1.1.12, pasi merr ARP-in, mendon: \"jo, adresa ime nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb 10.1.1.1\", dhe e hedh k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, po ashtu vepron komputeri 10.1.1.13. Router-i, pasi merr k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, kupton se \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ai q\u00eb po k\u00ebrkohet, dhe i d\u00ebrgon adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb portit F0\/0 \u2013 dhe t\u00eb gjitha portet kan\u00eb adresa MAC t\u00eb ndryshme \u2013 kompjuterit 10.1.1.10. Tani, duke ditur adres\u00ebn e gateway-it XXXX:AAAA, e cila n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa e destinacionit, kompjuteri e shton at\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb frame-it, t\u00eb drejtuar p\u00ebr n\u00eb server. Bashk\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb, ai vendos header-in e frame-it FCS\/CRC, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr verifikimin e gabimeve t\u00eb transmetimit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPas k\u00ebtij procesi, frika nga kompjuteri 10.1.1.10 d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes kabllove te routeri 10.1.1.1. Pasi t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb frik\u00ebn, routeri heq FCS\/CRC, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin algorit\u00ebm si kompjuteri p\u00ebr verifikim. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb grup zeros dhe nj\u00ebsh. N\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat d\u00ebmtohen, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se 1 b\u00ebhet 0 ose 0 b\u00ebhet 1, ose ka nj\u00eb rrjedhje t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb ndodh shpesh kur p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb hub, pajisja duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri frik\u00ebn. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse verifikimi i FCS\/CRC kalon me sukses, routeri sheh adresat MAC t\u00eb burimit dhe destinacionit dhe i heq ato, pasi jan\u00eb informacione t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, dhe kalon te trupi i frik\u00ebs, ku ndodhet informacioni i nivelit t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Nga ky informacion ai m\u00ebson se frika p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr pajisjen me adres\u00eb IP 30.1.1.10. <\/p>\n

Routeri ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb di se ku ndodhet kjo pajisje. Ne nuk e diskutuam k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje kur shqyrtuam funksionimin e switch-\u00ebve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb le t\u00eb e shqyrtojm\u00eb tani. Routeri ka 4 porte, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb un\u00eb i kam shtuar disa lidhje. Prandaj, si e di routeri se t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr pajisjen me adres\u00ebn IP 30.1.1.10 duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen p\u00ebrmes portit F0\/1? Pse nuk i d\u00ebrgon ato p\u00ebrmes portit F0\/3 ose F0\/2?<\/p>\n

E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se routeri punon me nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb ruterizimi. \u00c7do router ka nj\u00eb k\u00ebso tabel\u00eb q\u00eb i lejon t\u00eb marrin vendime se p\u00ebrmes cilit port t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb frik\u00ebn specifike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, porta F0\/0 \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 10.1.1.1 dhe kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rrjetin 10.1.1.10\/24. Po ashtu porta F0\/1 \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur n\u00eb adres\u00ebn 20.1.1.1, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rrjetin 20.1.1.0\/24. Routeri i njeh t\u00eb dy k\u00ebto rrjete pasi ato jan\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb lidhura me portat e tij. K\u00ebshtu, informacioni q\u00eb trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 10.1.10\/24 duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes portit F0\/0, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr rrjetin 20.1.1.0\/24 p\u00ebrmes portit F0\/1, \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur nga default. Po nga ku e di routeri p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera rrjete?<\/p>\n

Ne shohim se rrjeti 40.1.1.0\/24 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin F0\/2, rrjeti 50.1.1.0\/24 me portin F0\/3, dhe rrjeti 30.1.1.0\/24 lidh routerin e dyt\u00eb me serverin. Routeri i dyt\u00eb ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb ruterizimi, e cila thot\u00eb se rrjeti 30. \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin e tij, le t\u00eb e quajm\u00eb 0\/1, dhe ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me routerin e par\u00eb p\u00ebrmes portit 0\/0. Ky router e di se porta e tij 0\/0 \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rrjetin 20. dhe porta 0\/1 me rrjetin 30. dhe nuk di asgj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, routeri i par\u00eb e di p\u00ebr rrjetet 40. dhe 50. t\u00eb lidhura me portat 0\/2 dhe 0\/3, por nuk di asgj\u00eb rreth rrjetit 30. Protokolli i ruterizimit u jep router\u00ebve informacionin q\u00eb ata nuk e kan\u00eb nga default. Mekanizmi me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit k\u00ebta router\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin \u00ebsht\u00eb baza e ruterizimit, nd\u00ebrsa ekziston ruterizimi dinamik dhe statik. <\/p>\n

Ruterizimi statik p\u00ebrfshin informacionin q\u00eb i jepet routerit t\u00eb par\u00eb: n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb lidhet me rrjetin 30.1.1.0\/24, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb portin F0\/1. Megjithat\u00eb, kur routeri i dyt\u00eb merr trafikun nga serveri, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb destinacioni p\u00ebr kompjuterin 10.1.1.10, ai nuk e di se \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me t\u00eb, pasi n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb ruterizimit ka vet\u00ebm informacion p\u00ebr rrjetet 30. dhe 20. Prandaj, k\u00ebtij routeri i nevojitet gjithashtu t\u00eb vendos\u00eb ruterizimin statik: n\u00ebse merr trafikun p\u00ebr rrjetin 10., duhet ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes portit 0\/0. <\/p>\n

Problemi me ruterizimin statik \u00ebsht\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb konfiguroj manualisht routerin e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me rrjetin 30. dhe routerin e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me rrjetin 10. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb n\u00ebse kam vet\u00ebm 2 routera, por kur kam 10 routera, konfigurimi i ruterizimit statik merr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ka kuptim t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim ruterizimin dinamik.
\nPra, duke pranuar frik\u00ebn nga kompjuteri, routeri i par\u00eb shikon n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb ruterizimit dhe merr vendimin ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes portit F0\/1. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, ai shton adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb burimit XXXX.BBBB dhe adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb destinacionit XXXX.\u0421\u0421\u0421\u0421. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPasi merr k\u00ebt\u00eb frik\u00eb, routeri i dyt\u00eb \"prish\" adresat MAC q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb OSI dhe kalon te informacioni i nivelit t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Ai sheh se adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb destinacionit 30.1.1.10 i takon t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrjet si porta 0\/1 e routerit, shton adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb burimit dhe adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb pajisjes destinacion dhe d\u00ebrgon frik\u00ebn te serveri. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 e kam th\u00ebn\u00eb, procesi i ngjash\u00ebm p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet n\u00eb drejtimin e kund\u00ebrt, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kalon n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit, ku serveri d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh SYN ACK mbrapsht. Para k\u00ebsaj, ai hedh \u00e7do informacion t\u00eb tepruar dhe l\u00eb vet\u00ebm paket\u00ebn SYN.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPasi merr k\u00ebt\u00eb paket\u00eb, routeri i dyt\u00eb shqyrton informacionin e marr\u00eb, e plot\u00ebson at\u00eb dhe e d\u00ebrgon m\u00eb tej. <\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparshme kemi studiuar se si funksionon nj\u00eb switch, dhe tani do t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se si funksionojn\u00eb router-at. Le t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb pyetjen se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson routing-un n\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim global. Imagjinoni se keni takuar nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb rrugore, e vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kryq\u00ebzim me qarkullim rrethor. Shihni se \u00e7kina e par\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e Forcave Ajrore Mbret\u00ebrore Fairfx, e dyta n\u00eb aeroport, e treta n\u00eb jug. N\u00ebse zgjidhni daljen e kat\u00ebrt, do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrqendroheni, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb pest\u00ebs mund t\u00eb kaloni n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb qytetit drejt kalas\u00eb Breksby. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb thelb, routing-un \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb e detyron router-in t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendime mbi ku duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ju si shofer, duhet t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb vendim se cil\u00ebn dalje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nga kryq\u00ebzimi. N\u00eb rrjetet, router-at duhet t\u00eb marrin vendime se ku t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb paketat ose frekuencat. Duhet t\u00eb kuptoni se routing-un lejon krijimin e tabelave mbi baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb cilave router-at marrin k\u00ebto vendime. <\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, ekziston routing-un statik dhe dinamik. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb routing-un statik, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb vizatoj 3 pajisje q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, kurse e para dhe e treta jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me rrjetet. Supozoni se nj\u00eb rrjet 10.1.1.0 d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb lidhet me rrjetin 40.1.1.0, dhe midis router-ave ndodhen rrjetet 20.1.1.0 dhe 30.1.1.0.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, portet e router-ave duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrkasin n\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemat t\u00eb ndryshme. Router 1, sipas parashikimit, di vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr rrjetet 10. dhe 20. dhe nuk di p\u00ebr rrjetet e tjera. Router 2 di vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr rrjetet 20. dhe 30., sepse ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa router 3 di vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr rrjetet 30. dhe 40. N\u00ebse rrjeti 10. d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb lidhet me rrjetin 40., duhet t'i tregoj router-it 1 p\u00ebr rrjetin 30. dhe se n\u00ebse ai d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin 40., duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen p\u00ebr rrjetin 20. dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtij rrjeti 20.<\/p>\n

Router-it t\u00eb dyt\u00eb duhet t'i caktoj dy rrug\u00eb: n\u00ebse ai d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb nga rrjeti 40. n\u00eb rrjetin 10., duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb portin e rrjetit 20., nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e paket\u00ebs nga rrjeti 10. n\u00eb rrjetin 40. \u2013 portin e rrjetit 30. Po ashtu, duhet t'i jap router-it 3 informacion rreth rrjeteve 10. dhe 20.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse keni rrjete t\u00eb vogla, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb konfigurohet routing-un statik. Megjithat\u00eb, sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb rritet rrjeti, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb problemet me routing-un statik shfaqen. Imagjinoni se keni krijuar nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb re q\u00eb lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt mes router-it t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tret\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, protokolli i routing-ut dinamik do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoj\u00eb automatikisht tabel\u00ebn e routing-ut t\u00eb router-it 1, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb: \"n\u00ebse ju nevojitet t'i lidhni me router-in 3, p\u00ebrdorni rrug\u00ebn e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb\"!<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nEkzistojn\u00eb dy lloje protokollesh routing-u: protokolli i der\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme IGP dhe protokolli i der\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme EGP. Protokolli i par\u00eb funksionon me nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, t\u00eb vet\u00ebpronar, i njohur si domeni i routing-ut. Imagjinoni se keni nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl me vet\u00ebm 5 router-a. N\u00ebse flasim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lidhjet midis k\u00ebtyre router-ave, at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb IGP, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorni rrjetin tuaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me internetin, si\u00e7 b\u00ebjn\u00eb ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimit ISP, at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni EGP. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nIGP p\u00ebrdor 3 protokolle t\u00eb njohura: RIP, OSPF dhe EIGRP. Programi m\u00ebsimor CCNA p\u00ebrmend vet\u00ebm dy protokollat e fundit, sepse RIP \u00ebsht\u00eb i skaduar. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb i routing-ut, i cili p\u00ebrdoret ende n\u00eb disa raste, megjithat\u00eb nuk siguron sigurine e nevojshme t\u00eb rrjetit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga arsyet pse Cisco e ka p\u00ebrjashtuar RIP nga programi m\u00ebsimor. Megjithat\u00eb, un\u00eb do t'ju tregoj p\u00ebr t\u00eb, sepse studimi i tij ndihmon n\u00eb kuptimin e bazave t\u00eb routing-ut. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKlasifikimi i protokolleve EGP p\u00ebrdor dy protokolle: BGP dhe protokollin vet\u00eb EGP. Gjat\u00eb studimit t\u00eb kursit CCNA ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm BGP, OSPF dhe EIGRP. Tregimi mbi RIP mund ta konsideroni si informacion t\u00eb bonusit, i cili do t\u00eb pasqyrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga video m\u00ebsimet.
\nEkzistojn\u00eb edhe 2 lloje protokollesh routing-u: protokolle distanc\u00eb-vektor Distance Vector dhe protokollet e gjendjes s\u00eb kanaleve Link State. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nProtokolli i par\u00eb shqyrton vektor\u00ebt e distanc\u00ebs dhe drejtimin. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb krijoj nj\u00eb lidhje direkt mes router-it R1 dhe R4, ose mund ta formoj lidhjen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet R1-R2-R3-R4. N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr protokollet e routing-ut q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin metod\u00ebn e distanc\u00eb-vektor, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast lidhja gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se kjo lidhje do t\u00eb ket\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb minimale. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb ishte 128 kbit\/s, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e ngadalshme se lidhja n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rrug\u00ebs R1-R2-R3-R4, ku shpejt\u00ebsia arrin 100 mbit\/s. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb protokollin RIP t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs vektor. Do t\u00eb vizatoj p\u00ebrpara ruterit R1 rrjetin 10., dhe pas ruterit R4 \u2013 rrjetin 40. Supozojm\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebto rrjete ka shum\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb. N\u00ebse dua t\u00eb realizoj lidhjen midis rrjetit 10. R1 dhe rrjetit 40. R4, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb caktoj R1 nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb statike t\u00eb tipit: \"n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb lidhemi me rrjetin 40., p\u00ebrdorni lidhjen direkte me ruterin R4\". Gjithashtu, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 4 ruter\u00ebt do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb konfiguroj manualisht RIP. K\u00ebshtu, tabela e rrug\u00ebs R1 do t\u00eb njoftoj\u00eb automatikisht q\u00eb n\u00ebse rrjeti 10. d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb me rrjetin 40., duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb lidhjen direkte R1-R4. Edhe n\u00ebse nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb alternative \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb, protokolli Distance Vector do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr me distanc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb transmetimit. <\/p>\n

OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll rrug\u00ebzimi t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit, i cili gjithmon\u00eb shqyrton gjendjen e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb rrjetit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ai vler\u00ebson shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e kanaleve dhe, n\u00ebse sheh se shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb trafikut mbi kanalin R1-R4 \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt, zgjedh nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe R1-R2-R3-R4, edhe n\u00ebse gjat\u00ebsia e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se rruga m\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse un\u00eb konfigur kishet OSPF n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ruter\u00ebt, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjes p\u00ebr t'u lidhur rrjeti 40. me rrjetin 10., trafiku do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs R1-R2-R3-R4. Pra, RIP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll distanc\u00eb vektor, nd\u00ebrsa OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll rrug\u00ebzimi t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit.<\/p>\n

Ka edhe nj\u00eb protokoll tjet\u00ebr \u2013 EIGRP, nj\u00eb protokoll proprietar rrug\u00ebzimi nga Cisco. N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr pajisje rrjet\u00ebsh nga prodhues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, Juniper, ato nuk e mb\u00ebshtesin EIGRP. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll i shk\u00eblqyer rrug\u00ebzimi, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb efikas se RIP dhe OSPF, por mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb pajisje Cisco. M\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb flas m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb protokoll kaq t\u00eb mir\u00eb. P\u00ebr momentin, do t\u00eb theksoj se EIGRP kombinon karakteristikat e protokolleve t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs vektor dhe t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb kanalit, duke p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb protokoll hibrid. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb videon e ardhshme, ne do t'i qasemi m\u00eb af\u00ebr ruter\u00ebve Cisco, do t'ju tregoj pak p\u00ebr sistemin operativ Cisco IOS, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar p\u00ebr switch-e dhe ruter\u00eb. Shpresojm\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb leksionet e 19-ta ose 20-ta t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e detajuar t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimit, dhe un\u00eb do t\u00eb tregoj si t\u00eb konfiguroj ruter\u00ebt Cisco n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shembujve t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043c \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e 17-\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043a \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u2013 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 CCNA \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2013 Cisco Switching & Routing. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 18. Bazat e Rrug\u00ebzimit | ProHoster","description":"Sot do t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb studimin e ruter\u00ebve. N\u00ebse keni kaluar kursin tim video nga leksioni i par\u00eb deri n\u00eb t\u00eb 17-in, at\u00ebher\u00eb keni m\u00ebsuar bazat e switch-eve. Tani po kalojm\u00eb te pajisja tjet\u00ebr \u2013 ruteri. Si\u00e7 e dini nga videon e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, nj\u00eb nga temat e kursit CCNA \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu \u2013 Cisco Switching & Routing. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seri, ne nuk do t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-18-osnovy-marshrutizatsii","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 18. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b 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