{"id":37275,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:42","slug":"tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak","title":{"rendered":"Tanket n\u00eb Pascal: si u m\u00ebsuan f\u00ebmij\u00ebt programimit n\u00eb vitet '90 dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk shkoi mir\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pak\u00ebz mbi at\u00eb se si p\u00ebrfshiheshin shkollat n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e \"informatik\u00ebs\" n\u00eb vitet '90, dhe pse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb programuesit at\u00ebher\u00eb ishin ekskluzivisht vet\u00eb-m\u00ebsuar.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Me \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebsonin t\u00eb kidnapojn\u00eb programmerat<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, shkollat moscowse filluan t\u00eb pajisin p\u00ebrzgjedhsh\u00ebm klasat me kompjuter\u00eb. N\u00eb ambiente, menj\u00ebher\u00eb vendoseshin grila n\u00eb dritare dhe dyer t\u00eb trasha t\u00eb rimbushura me metal. Nga ndonj\u00eb vend dilte m\u00ebsuesi i informatik\u00ebs (duke u dukur si personi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm pas drejtorit), i cili kishte si detyr\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrte q\u00eb askush t\u00eb mos e prekte asgj\u00eb. Asgj\u00eb. As dera hyr\u00ebse.
\nN\u00eb klasat m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti takoheshin sistemet BK-0010 (n\u00eb variacionet e tij) dhe BK-0011M.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\nFotoja \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebve u tregohej mbi struktur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, dhe gjithashtu rreth dhjet\u00eb komande t\u00eb \"BASIC\", n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb vizatonin linja dhe rrethi n\u00eb ekran. P\u00ebr klasat m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla dhe ato t\u00eb mesme, ndoshta kjo ishte e mjaftueshme.<\/p>\n

Problemet me ruajtjen e krijimeve t\u00eb tyre (programeve) gjat\u00eb asaj kohe ishin nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti kompjuter\u00ebt lidheshin me ndihm\u00ebn e kontrollor\u00ebve t\u00eb monokanalit n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet me topologji \"bus e zakonshme\" dhe shpejt\u00ebsi transmetimi 57600 baud. Disku i jasht\u00ebm, si rregull, ishte nj\u00eb, dhe shpesh kishte probleme me t\u00eb. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb punonte, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb jo, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb rrjeti ngeciste, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb disku nuk lexonte.<\/p>\n

At\u00ebher\u00eb un\u00eb e mbaja me vete k\u00ebt\u00eb krijim me kapacitet 360 kB.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n
\nShanset q\u00eb t\u00eb arrija s\u00ebrish t\u00eb nxirrja programin tim nga ai ishin rreth 50-70 p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, problemi kryesor i gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre histori me kompjuter\u00ebt \"BK\" ishin ngecjet e pafund.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00eb \u00e7do moment, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb shkrimin e kodit ose n\u00eb ekzekutimin e programit. Nj\u00eb sistem i ngecur donte t\u00eb thoshte q\u00eb 45 minuta kohe ishe kaluar kot, pasi duhej t\u00eb filloje gjith\u00e7ka nga e para, por koha e mbetur e or\u00ebs nuk ishte m\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Deri n\u00eb vitin 1993, n\u00eb disa shkolla dhe licee filluan t\u00eb shfaqeshin klasat normale me makin\u00ebn 286-\u00ebsht e ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb madje q\u00ebndronin edhe \"tre\". N\u00eb lidhje me gjuh\u00ebt e programimit kishte dy opsione: aty ku p\u00ebrfundonte \"BASIC\", fillonte \"Turbo Pascal\".<\/p>\n

Programimi n\u00eb \"Turbo Pascal\" me shembujt e \"tankeve\".<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb \"Pascal\" f\u00ebmij\u00ebt u m\u00ebsuan t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb cikle, t\u00eb vizatojn\u00eb funksione t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me array. N\u00eb liceun fizik-matematik, ku kam banuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, ishim n\u00eb informatik\u00eb nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb. Dhe p\u00ebr dy vjet atje ishte kjo ng\u00ebr\u00e7. Natyrisht, d\u00ebshironim t\u00eb b\u00ebnim di\u00e7ka m\u00eb serioze se sa shfaqja e vlerave t\u00eb array ose e ndonj\u00eb sinusoide.<\/p>\n

Tanket<\/h3>\n

\nBattle City ishte nj\u00eb nga loj\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb konsolat kopje t\u00eb NES (Dendy etj.). <\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n
\nN\u00eb vitin 1996, popullariteti i 8-bit\u00ebve kaloi, ato ishin koh\u00eb q\u00eb pluhuroseshin n\u00eb dollap\u00eb, dhe m\u00eb dukej interesante t\u00eb b\u00ebnim sakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb klon t\u00eb \"Tankeve\" p\u00ebr PC. M\u00eb pas, p\u00ebr at\u00eb si duhet t\u00eb dilja p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb \"Pascal\" di\u00e7ka me grafik\u00eb, miush dhe tinguj.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb vizatosh vet\u00ebm stikla dhe rrethe<\/h3>\n

\nLe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me grafik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n
\nN\u00eb variantin baz\u00eb, \"Pascal\" lejonte t\u00eb vizatojn\u00eb disa figura, t\u00eb mbushin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb ngjyrat e pikave. Procedurat m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara n\u00eb modul\u00ebn Graph, q\u00eb na afron me sprite, jan\u00eb GetImage dhe PutImage. Me ndihm\u00ebn e tyre, mund t\u00eb kap\u00ebsh n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb memorjeje t\u00eb rezervuar paraprakisht nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb ekranit dhe m\u00eb pas ta p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb cop\u00eb si nj\u00eb imazh rastrore. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebsh shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb ekran disa elemente ose imazhe, s\u00eb pari i vizaton ato, i kopjon n\u00eb memorje, fshin ekranin, vizaton t\u00eb ardhmen dhe k\u00ebshtu deri sa t\u00eb krijosh n\u00eb memorje bibliotek\u00ebn q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron. Duke qen\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka ndodh shpejt, p\u00ebrdoruesi i k\u00ebtyre truceve nuk e v\u00ebren.<\/p>\n

Moduli i par\u00eb ku u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn sprite ishte redaktori i hartave.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n
\nAi kishte nj\u00eb fush\u00eb loje t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar. Klikimi me miun th\u00ebrriste nj\u00eb menu ku mund t\u00eb zgjidhnit nj\u00eb nga kat\u00ebr variante t\u00eb pengesave. Tani p\u00ebr miun...<\/p>\n

Miushi \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi i viteve '90<\/h3>\n

\nSigurisht, miu kishte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, por deri n\u00eb mesin e viteve '90 p\u00ebrdorej vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Windows 3.11, paketat grafike dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl loj\u00ebrash. N\u00eb Wolf dhe Doom luanin vet\u00ebm me tastier\u00eb. Po ashtu, n\u00eb mjedisin DOS, miushi nuk ishte shum\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm. Prandaj, n\u00eb Borland moduli i pun\u00ebs me miun nuk ishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb as n\u00eb paket\u00ebn standarde. Duhej ta k\u00ebrkoje tek njohurit e njohur q\u00eb heqin duar dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje thonin \"p\u00ebrse t\u00eb duhet?\".<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, gjetja e nj\u00eb moduli p\u00ebr anketimin e mausit \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjysma e pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb mausit t\u00eb klikoj\u00eb mbi butonat n\u00eb ekran, ishte e nevojshme t'i d\u00ebshmonim ato. E gjith\u00eb kjo n\u00eb dy versionet (t\u00eb shtypur dhe t\u00eb pamb\u00ebshtetur). Nj\u00eb buton i pamb\u00ebshtetur ka nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb ndritshme, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebn t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb hije. Anasjelltas ndodh me butonin e shtypur. Dhe duhet ta vizatojm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb ekran tri her\u00eb (t\u00eb pamb\u00ebshtetur, t\u00eb shtypur, pastaj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb pamb\u00ebshtetur). Plus, mos harro t\u00eb vendos\u00ebsh vonesa n\u00eb shfaqje, dhe sigurohu q\u00eb kursori t\u00eb jet\u00eb i fshehur.<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n
\nP\u00ebr shembull, trajtimi i menus\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb kod dukej k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

\"Tanket
\n<\/p>\n

Z\u00ebri \u2013 vet\u00ebm zhurma e PC Speaker<\/h3>\n

\nNj\u00eb histori tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e z\u00ebrit. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, klon\u00ebt e Sound Blaster ishin duke u p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr p\u00ebrparimin e tyre triumfues, dhe shumica e aplikacioneve punonin vet\u00ebm me altoparlant\u00ebt e integruar. Maksimumi i mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb tij ishte p\u00ebrs\u00ebritja e nj\u00eb tonit. Dhe pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb lejonte q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebnte Turbo Pascal. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet procedur\u00ebs sound mund t\u00eb \"bllokohej\" me frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ishte e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr z\u00ebrat e q\u00ebllimeve dhe shp\u00ebrthimeve, por p\u00ebr introduktore muzikore, si\u00e7 ishte e zakonshme n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, kjo nuk ishte e p\u00ebrshtatshme. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, u gjet nj\u00eb zgjidhje shum\u00eb e zgjuar: n\u00eb arkivin ton\u00eb t\u00eb softuerit u gjet nj\u00eb \"ekzekutiv\", i shkarkuar m\u00eb par\u00eb nga ndonj\u00eb BBS. Ai dinte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte mrekulli \u2013 t\u00eb riprodhonin wav t\u00eb pa kompresuar p\u00ebrmes PC Speaker, dhe e b\u00ebnte k\u00ebt\u00eb nga komanda e linj\u00ebs dhe nuk kishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb vetme. E gjitha q\u00eb nevojitej ishte ta thirrnim at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes procedur\u00ebs exec t\u00eb Pascal dhe t\u00eb siguroheshim q\u00eb kjo konstrukcion t\u00eb mos b\u00ebnte crash. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, muzika e fort\u00eb n\u00eb introduktore u shfaq, por ndodhi nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme. N\u00eb vitin 1996, un\u00eb kisha nj\u00eb sistem me Pentium 75, i rritur deri n\u00eb 90. T\u00eb gjitha punonin mir\u00eb. N\u00eb universitet, ku n\u00eb semestrin e dyt\u00eb na vendos\u00ebn Pascal, klasa e m\u00ebsimit kishte disa \"treshka\" t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur. Me marr\u00ebveshje me m\u00ebsuesin, e mora at\u00eb tank p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn e m\u00ebsimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kalimin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos shkuar m\u00eb. Dhe ja, pasi u lan\u00e7ua nga spikeri, filloi nj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb e fort\u00eb e p\u00ebrzier me z\u00ebra bulurishte. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr \"treshk\u00ebn\" 33-megaherc\u00eb, DX nuk arrinte t\u00eb menaxhonte mir\u00eb at\u00eb \"ekzekutiv\". Por p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, gjith\u00e7ka ishte n\u00eb rregull. Sigurisht, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 shqet\u00ebsimeve me pyetjen e tastier\u00ebs, q\u00eb prishte t\u00ebr\u00eb loj\u00ebn pavar\u00ebsisht nga performanca e PC-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Por problemi kryesor nuk ishte n\u00eb \"Pascal\"<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb mendimin tim, \u00abTanket\u00bb jan\u00eb maksimumi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxirrej nga Turbo Pascal pa futur asamble. Si mang\u00ebsi evidente t\u00eb produktit p\u00ebrfundimtar ishin: pyetja e ngadalshme e tastier\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrshkrimi i ngadalsh\u00ebm i grafik\u00ebs. Situat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsonte ndjesh\u00ebm numri tejet i vog\u00ebl i bibliotekave dhe moduleve t\u00eb jashtme. Ato mund t\u00eb num\u00ebroheshin me gishta t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb dore.<\/p>\n

Por m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka, m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsonte qasja n\u00eb arsimimin shkollor. F\u00ebmij\u00ebve at\u00ebher\u00eb askush nuk u tregonte p\u00ebr avantazhet dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera. N\u00eb m\u00ebsime, menj\u00ebher\u00eb fillonin t\u00eb flisnin p\u00ebr begin, println dhe if, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i mbyllte nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit brenda paradigmes Basic-Pascal. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebto gjuh\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohen ekskluzivisht p\u00ebr arsimin. P\u00ebrdorimi i tyre n\u00eb \u2018luft\u00eb\u2019 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen i rrall\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Pse t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt gjuh\u00eb false \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mister p\u00ebr mua. Megjith\u00ebse ato jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme. Megjith\u00ebse llojet e \u00abBeysik\u00bb p\u00ebrdoren nganj\u00ebher\u00eb diku. Por, n\u00eb \u00e7do rast, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb person mendon t\u00eb lidh\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e tij me programimin, atij do t'i duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb nga e para gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. Pse t\u00eb mos u jepet f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat detyra m\u00ebsimore, por tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb (gjuh\u00eb) normale, ku ata mund t\u00eb zhvillohen m\u00eb tej vet\u00eb?<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb dhe universitet, gjithmon\u00eb ishin detyra abstrakte: llogarit k\u00ebt\u00eb ose at\u00eb, ndihmo funksionin, vizato di\u00e7ka. Kam studiuar n\u00eb tri shkolla t\u00eb ndryshme, plus q\u00eb pat\u00ebm \u2018Pascal\u2019 n\u00eb vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb universitetit, dhe asnj\u00ebher\u00eb profesor\u00ebt nuk vendosnin ndonj\u00eb detyr\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe praktike. P\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr p\u00ebr sh\u00ebnime ose di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb dobishme. Gjith\u00e7ka ishte e sajuar. Dhe kur nj\u00eb person kalon muaj duke zgjidhur detyra t\u00eb kota, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb koshin e plehrave\u2026 N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nga universiteti njer\u00ebzit dalin tashm\u00eb t\u00eb djegur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb vitin e tret\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit universitet, na ishin vendosur \u2018plus\u2019-et n\u00eb program. N\u00eb dukje, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb veprim i mir\u00eb, por njer\u00ebzit ishin t\u00eb lodhur, t\u00eb ngopur me gjuh\u00eb false dhe \u2018detyra m\u00ebsimore\u2019. Entuziazmi, si hera e par\u00eb, nuk kishte asgj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P.S. Kam k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb internet p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb aktualisht m\u00ebsohen n\u00eb shkolla n\u00eb or\u00ebt e informatik\u00ebs. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat si 25 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb: Basic, Pascal. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs Python shfaqen t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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