{"id":37275,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:42","slug":"tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/tanchiki-na-paskale-kak-uchili-detej-programmirovaniyu-v-90-h-i-chto-s-etim-bylo-ne-tak","title":{"rendered":"Tank\u00ebt n\u00eb Pascal: si i m\u00ebsonin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt programimit n\u00eb vitet 90 dhe \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kishte ndodhur ndryshe.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00eb pak nga ajo se si ishte shkolla e \"informatik\u00ebs\" n\u00eb vitet '90, dhe pse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb programuesit at\u00ebher\u00eb ishin p\u00ebrjashtimisht vet\u00eb-m\u00ebsues.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn p\u00ebr t'i m\u00ebsuar f\u00ebmij\u00ebt programimin<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, shkollat e Mosk\u00ebs filluan t\u00eb pajisin p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00ebsisht klasat me kompjuter\u00eb. N\u00eb ambiente menj\u00ebher\u00eb vendosnin grila n\u00eb dritare dhe nj\u00eb der\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb mbuluar me metal. Nga diku shfaqej m\u00ebsuesi i informatikes (duke u dukur si shoku m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm pas drejtorit), me detyr\u00ebn kryesore q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohej q\u00eb askush t\u00eb mos prekte asgj\u00eb. Asgj\u00eb fare. Edhe der\u00ebn e hyrjes.
\nN\u00eb klasa zakonisht mund t\u00eb shiheshin sistemet BK-0010 (n\u00eb variacionet e tij) dhe BK-0011M.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\nFotoja \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00ebsonin p\u00ebr struktur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme, si dhe nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb komandash \"BASIC\", n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb vizatonin linja dhe rrethe n\u00eb ekran. P\u00ebr klasat e vogla dhe ato t\u00eb mesme, ndoshta, kjo do t\u00eb ishte e mjaftueshme.<\/p>\n

Rreth ruajtjes s\u00eb krijimeve (programave) t\u00eb mia, at\u00ebher\u00eb kishte disa probleme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. M\u00eb shpesh, kompjuter\u00ebt me ndihm\u00ebn e kontrollor\u00ebve monokanal bashkoheshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet me topologji 'bus t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt' dhe shpejt\u00ebsi transmetimi 57600 baud. Pjesa e hapjes, zakonisht, ishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb, dhe me t\u00eb shpesh nuk funksiononte si\u00e7 duhet. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb punonte, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb jo, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb rrjeti ngec, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb disku nuk lexohej.<\/p>\n

At\u00ebher\u00eb e kam bartur k\u00ebt\u00eb krijim me kapacitet 360 kB.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n
\nShanset q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb t\u00eb nxjerr programin tim prej saj ishin rreth 50-70 p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, problemi kryesor i t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebtyre histori me kompjuter\u00ebt 'BK' ishin ngulfatjet e pafundme.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00eb \u00e7do moment, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e shkrimit t\u00eb kodit, apo n\u00eb ekzekutimin e programit. Nj\u00eb sistem i ngulfatur do t\u00eb thoshte se 45 minuta koh\u00eb e keni kaluar kot, pasi do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebnit gjith\u00e7ka nga e para, por koha e mbetur p\u00ebr leksionin nuk do t\u00eb ishte mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Af\u00ebr vitit 1993, n\u00eb disa shkolla dhe licee po shfaqeshin klasat normale me makina 286, dhe n\u00eb disa vende ishin madje edhe 'treshkat'. N\u00eb lidhje me gjuh\u00ebt e programimit ishin dy variante: atje ku p\u00ebrfundonte 'BASIC', fillonte 'Turbo Pascal'.<\/p>\n

Programimi n\u00eb \"Turbo Pascal\" p\u00ebrmes shembujve t\u00eb \"tankeve\"<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb \"Pascal\", f\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00ebsuan t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb cikle, t\u00eb vizatojn\u00eb funksione t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me arrays. N\u00eb liceun e fiziko-matematik\u00ebs, ku un\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb isha \"banor\", informatika kishte nj\u00eb or\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb. Dhe p\u00ebr dy vjet aty ishte kjo monotonish. Sigurisht, doja t\u00eb b\u00ebja di\u00e7ka m\u00eb serioze se sa t\u00eb shfaqja n\u00eb ekran vlerat e nj\u00eb array ose nj\u00eb sinusoid\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

Tanket<\/h3>\n

\nBattle City ishte nj\u00eb nga loj\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb konsolat e klonuar NES (Dendy etj.). <\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n
\nN\u00eb vitin 1996, popullariteti i 8-bit\u00ebve kaloi, ata kishin mbetur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb dollap\u00eb, dhe m\u00eb dukej interesante, si di\u00e7ka masive, t\u00eb b\u00ebja nj\u00eb klon t\u00eb \"Tankeve\" p\u00ebr PC. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si duhej t\u00eb gjeja m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb programuar n\u00eb \"Pascal\" di\u00e7ka me grafik\u00eb, miush dhe tinguj.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb vizatojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm shkopinj dhe rrethana<\/h3>\n

\nLe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me grafik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n
\nVersioni baz\u00eb \"Pascal\" lejonte t\u00eb vizatoheshin disa figura, t\u00eb ngjiteshin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoheshin ngjyrat e pikave. Procedurat m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara n\u00eb modul\u00ebn Graph, q\u00eb na afronin me sprite-t, ishin GetImage dhe PutImage. Me to mund t\u00eb kapeshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb rezervuar paraprakisht t\u00eb memories nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ekranit dhe pastaj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej ky cop\u00eb si nj\u00eb imazh raster. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00ebse doni t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni disa elemente ose imazhe n\u00eb ekran shum\u00eb her\u00eb, i vizatoni ato fillimisht, i kopjoni n\u00eb memory, pastaj fshini ekranin, vizatoni t\u00eb ardhshmin dhe k\u00ebshtu deri sa t\u00eb krijoni n\u00eb memory librarin\u00eb e nevojshme. Duke qen\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka ndodh shpejt, p\u00ebrdoruesi nuk i v\u00eb re k\u00ebto truke.<\/p>\n

Moduli i par\u00eb ku u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn sprite-t ishte editori i hartave.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n
\nAtje kishte nj\u00eb fush\u00eb loje t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar. Klikimi me miun th\u00ebrriste nj\u00eb menu, ku mund t\u00eb zgjidhje nj\u00eb nga kat\u00ebr opsionet e pengesave. Duke folur p\u00ebr miun\u2026<\/p>\n

Maushi \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi i viteve '90<\/h3>\n

\nMyshet, natyrisht, ishin t\u00eb pranishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, por deri n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve '90 ato p\u00ebrdorej vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Windows 3.11, paketat grafike dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl loj\u00ebrash. N\u00eb Wolf dhe Doom luhej vet\u00ebm me tastier\u00eb. Po ashtu, n\u00eb ambientin DOS, myshet nuk ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme. Prandaj, n\u00eb Borland moduli p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me myshet as q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb d\u00ebrges\u00ebn standarde. Duhej ta k\u00ebrkoje tek t\u00eb njohurit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt me duar n\u00eb aj\u00ebr thoshin: \"pse t\u00eb duhet ai?\".<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, gjetja e modulit p\u00ebr anketimin e myshet ishte vet\u00ebm gjysma e pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb klikuar me myshe mbi butonat n\u00eb ekran, duhej ti vizatoje ata. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb dy variante (t\u00eb shtypur dhe t\u00eb pa shtypur). Butoni i pa shtypur ka nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb ndritshme, nd\u00ebrsa posht\u00eb ka hije. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, butoni i shtypur ka hije lart. Dhe duhet ta vizatoje at\u00eb tri her\u00eb n\u00eb ekran (t\u00eb pa shtypur, t\u00eb shtypur, pastaj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb pa shtypur). Plus, mos harro t\u00eb vendos\u00ebsh vonesa p\u00ebr shfaqjen dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshehur kursorin.<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n
\nP\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrpunimi i menus\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb kod dukej k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

\"Tank\u00ebt
\n<\/p>\n

T\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs \u2013 vet\u00ebmpc speaker.<\/h3>\n

\nNj\u00eb histori tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb tingulli. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90, klon\u00ebt e Sound Blaster sapo filluan t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiten p\u00ebr triumfin e tyre, dhe shumica e aplikacioneve punonin vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb bisedues t\u00eb integruar. Maksimumi i mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb tij \u2013 ishte rreht nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb luante vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb ton. Dhe pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb lejonte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte Turbo Pascal. P\u00ebrmes procedur\u00ebs sound, mund t\u00eb \"\u00e7ukisje\" me frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mjaftonte p\u00ebr tingujt e q\u00ebllimeve dhe shp\u00ebrthimeve, por p\u00ebr nj\u00eb intro muzikor, si\u00e7 ishte e mod\u00ebs at\u00ebher\u00eb, kjo nuk ishte e mjaftueshme. Si rezultat, u gjet nj\u00eb zgjidhje shum\u00eb e zgjuar: n\u00eb arkiv\u00ebn ton\u00eb personale t\u00eb softuer\u00ebve u zbulua nj\u00eb \"ekzekutuese\", e shkarkuar dikur nga ndonj\u00eb BBS. Ajo dinte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte mrekulli \u2013 t\u00eb luante wav t\u00eb pakompresuar p\u00ebrmes PC Speaker, dhe madje e b\u00ebnte k\u00ebt\u00eb nga linja e komandave pa pasur nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe. E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb duhej ishte t\u00eb thirreje at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes procedur\u00ebs exec t\u00eb Pascal dhe t\u00eb siguroheshe q\u00eb kjo konstrukcion t\u00eb mos shembet. <\/p>\n

Pas nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, muzika energjike n\u00eb ekran u shfaq, por ndodhi nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme. N\u00eb vitin 1996, kisha nj\u00eb sistem me Pentium 75, i p\u00ebrshpejtuar deri n\u00eb 90. N\u00eb t\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka funksiononte shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm. N\u00eb universitet, ku p\u00ebr semestrin e dyt\u00eb na vendos\u00ebn Pascal, n\u00eb klas\u00ebn m\u00ebsimore ishin t\u00eb pranishme disa 'trasha' t\u00eb lodhura. Me marr\u00ebveshje me profesorin, un\u00eb solla n\u00eb or\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb k\u00ebto tanket, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb not\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos shkuar m\u00eb. Dhe ja, pas nisjes, nga spikeri u d\u00ebgjua nj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebrzier\u00eb me tinguj gurgullues t\u00eb fytit. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, 'trashja' 33-megaherc e kishte t\u00eb pamundur t\u00eb b\u00ebnte mir\u00eb at\u00eb 'ekzeshnik'. Por n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka ishte normale. Sigurisht, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 vones\u00ebs n\u00eb pyetjen e tastier\u00ebs, e cila prishi t\u00ebr\u00eb loj\u00ebn pavar\u00ebsisht nga performanca e PC-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Por problemi kryesor nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb te 'Pascal'<\/h2>\n

\nSip\u00ebrmarrja \"Tanket\" p\u00ebr mua \u00ebsht\u00eb maksimumi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxirret nga Turbo Pascal pa inserte assembler. Nga mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e dukshme t\u00eb produktit p\u00ebrfundimtar \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb sondazhi i ngadalt\u00eb i tastier\u00ebs dhe vizatimi i ngadalt\u00eb i grafik\u00ebs. Situat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsonte numri tep\u00ebr i vog\u00ebl i bibliotekave dhe moduleve t\u00eb jashtme. Mund t\u00eb num\u00ebroheshin me gishta t\u00eb dor\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Por ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb ishte qasja n\u00eb arsimin shkollor. Asnj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk tregonte p\u00ebr avantazhet dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera. N\u00eb m\u00ebsime menj\u00ebher\u00eb fillonin t\u00eb flisnin p\u00ebr begin, println dhe if, duke bllokuar nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit brenda paradigmat\u00ebs s\u00eb basic-pascalit. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebto gjuh\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohen kryesisht si materiale m\u00ebsimore. P\u00ebrdorimi i tyre \"n\u00eb luft\u00eb\" \u00ebsht\u00eb fenomen i rrall\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Pse duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb falsifikuara \u2013 p\u00ebr mua \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mister. Po, ato jan\u00eb m\u00eb vizuale. Po, disa variacione t\u00eb \"BASIC\" p\u00ebrdoren diku. Por, n\u00eb \u00e7do rast, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb person planifikon t\u00eb lidh\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e tij me programimin, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb nga fillimi gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. Pra, pse t\u00eb mos u caktohen f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat detyra m\u00ebsimore, por tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb (gjuh\u00eb) normale, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ata mund t\u00eb zhvillohen m\u00eb tutje n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur?<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr mbi detyrat. N\u00eb shkoll\u00eb dhe universitet, ato gjithmon\u00eb ishin abstrakte: llogarit k\u00ebt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrto nj\u00eb funksion, vizato di\u00e7ka. Kam studiuar n\u00eb tri shkolla t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe gjithashtu kishim \"Pascal\" n\u00eb vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb universitetit, dhe asnj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u00ebsuesit nuk vendos\u00ebn ndonj\u00eb detyr\u00eb reale dhe praktike. Shembuj si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh nj\u00eb agjend\u00eb ose di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb dobishme. E gjith\u00eb kjo ishte e sajuar. Dhe kur nj\u00eb person kalon muaj duke zgjidhur detyra t\u00eb kota, t\u00eb cilat pastaj shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb plehra... N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nga universiteti njer\u00ebzit dalin t\u00eb shteruar.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin e tret\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit universitet na fut\u00ebn n\u00eb program \u00abpluset\u00bb. Duket si nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e mir\u00eb, por njer\u00ebzit ishin t\u00eb lodhur, t\u00eb ngopur me gj\u00ebra t\u00eb rreme dhe \u00abdetyra\u00bb t\u00eb \u00abm\u00ebsimit\u00bb. Nuk kishte entuziaz\u00ebm, si her\u00ebn e par\u00eb, p\u00ebr ask\u00ebnd.<\/p>\n

P.S. K\u00ebrkova n\u00eb Google se cilat gjuh\u00eb po m\u00ebsohen tani n\u00eb shkolla n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebt e informatik\u00ebs. T\u00eb gjitha si para 25 vitesh: Basic, Pascal. Me pak shembuj zhvillohet Python.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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