{"id":37467,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-28-let\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:49","slug":"yadru-linux-ispolnilos-28-let","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-28-let","title":{"rendered":"Kernel-i i Linux ka mbushur 28 vjet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00eb 25 gusht 1991, pas pes\u00eb muajsh zhvillimi, nj\u00eb student 21-vje\u00e7ar Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~awb\/linux.history.html\">njoftoi<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb telekonferenc\u00ebn comp.os.minix njoftoi krijimin e nj\u00eb prototipi funksional t\u00eb sistemit operativ t\u00eb ri Linux, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrfundimi i portimit t\u00eb bash 1.08 dhe gcc 1.40 u theksua. Shfaqja e par\u00eb publike e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux u paraqit m\u00eb 17 shtator. B\u00ebrthama <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linuxgrill.com\/anonymous\/kernel\/Archive\/historic\/\">0.0.1<\/a><\/noindex> kishte nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi prej 62 KB n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kompresuar dhe p\u00ebrmbante rreth 10 mij\u00eb rreshta kodi burimor. B\u00ebrthama moderne e Linux ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 26 milion rreshta kodi. Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb vitin 2010 me porosi t\u00eb Bashkimit Evropian, kostoja e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt e zhvillimit nga zero e nj\u00eb projekti t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn moderne t\u00eb Linux do t\u00eb ishte <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=25560\">m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard<\/a><\/noindex> dollar\u00ebsh amerikan\u00eb (llogaritja u b\u00eb kur b\u00ebrthama kishte 13 milion rreshta kodi), sipas <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dwheeler.com\/essays\/linux-kernel-cost.html\">vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb tjera \u2014<\/a><\/noindex> vler\u00ebsimeve &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linuxcost.blogspot.ru\/2011\/03\/cost-of-linux.html\">m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 3 miliard<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Nukleusi Linux u krijua n\u00ebn ndikimin e sistemit operacional MINIX, i cili nuk e k\u00ebnaqte Linusin me licenc\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb kufizuar. M\u00eb von\u00eb, kur Linux u b\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i njohur, armiqt\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshin ta akuzonin Linusin p\u00ebr kopjimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb disa n\u00ebn-sistemeve nga MINIX. Sulmin e p\u00ebrballoi Andrew Tanenbaum, autori i MINIX, i cili i k\u00ebrkoi nj\u00ebrit nga student\u00ebt t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb krahasim t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb Minix dhe versioneve t\u00eb para publike t\u00eb Linux. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.vu.nl\/~ast\/brown\/codecomparison\/alexey.html\">Rezultatet<\/a><\/noindex> Studimet treguan se vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr ngjashm\u00ebri jo t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ishin gjetur n\u00eb blloqet e kodit, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga k\u00ebrkesat POSIX dhe ANSI C.<\/p>\n<p>Fillimisht, Linus e imagjinonte b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e quajtur Freax, nga fjal\u00ebt &#171;free&#187;, &#171;freak&#187; dhe X (Unix). Por emri &#171;Linux&#187; p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn u vendos nga Ari Lemmke, i cili me k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb Linusit e publikoi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn n\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.funet.fi\/pub\/linux\/\">serverin FTP.<\/a><\/noindex> universitet, duke e em\u00ebruar drejtorin\u00eb me arkivin jo &#171;freax&#187;, si\u00e7 kishte k\u00ebrkuar Torvalds, por &#171;linux&#187;. \u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se tregtari William Della Croce arriti t\u00eb regjistroj\u00eb mark\u00ebn tregtare Linux dhe d\u00ebshiroi me kalimin e koh\u00ebs t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb taksa, por m\u00eb von\u00eb e ndryshoi mendjen dhe ia transferoi t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat Linusit. Maskota zyrtare e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux, pingvini Tux, u zgjodh si rezultat i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.earlham.edu\/%7Ejeremiah\/linux-pix\/linux-logo.html\">gar\u00ebs<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila u mbajt n\u00eb vitin 1996. Emri Tux shpjegohet si Torvalds UniX.<\/p>\n<p>Dinamik\u00ebn e rritjes s\u00eb kodit burimor (numri i linjave t\u00eb kodit) t\u00eb kernelit:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 0.0.1 &#8212; shtator 1991, 10 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 1.0.0 &#8212; mars 1994, 176 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 1.2.0 &#8212; mars 1995, 311 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.0.0 &#8212; qershor 1996, 778 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.2.0 &#8212; janar 1999, 1.8 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.4.0 &#8212; janar 2001, 3.4 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.6.0 &#8212; dhjetor 2003, 5.9 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.6.28 &#8212; dhjetor 2008, 10.2 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 2.6.35 &#8212; gusht 2010, 13.4 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 3.0 &#8212; gusht 2011, 14.6 milion rreshta kodi.\n<\/li>\n<li> 3.5 &#8212; korrik 2012, 15.5 milion rreshta kodi.\n<\/li>\n<li> 3.10 &#8212; korrik 2013, 15.8 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 3.16 &#8212; gusht 2014, 17.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 4.1 &#8212; qershor 2015, 19.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 4.7 &#8212; korrik 2016, 21.7 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 4.12 &#8212; korrik 2017, 24.1 milion radh\u00eb kodi;\n<\/li>\n<li> 4.18 &#8212; gusht 2018, 25.3 milion rreshta kodi.\n<li> 5.2 &#8212; korrik 2019, 26.55 milion rreshta kodi.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Progresi i zhvillimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.0.1 \u2014 Shtator 1991, l\u00ebshimi i par\u00eb publik, q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet vet\u00ebm CPU i386 dhe ngarkohet nga disku;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.12 \u2014 Janar 1992, kodi filloi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahej n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn GPLv2;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.95 \u2014 Mars 1992, u siguruar mund\u00ebsia e ekzekutimit t\u00eb X Window System, u realizua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kujtes\u00ebn virtuale dhe ndarjen e skedar\u00ebve swap.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2014 1992-1993, filloi puna mbi stakun rrjet p\u00ebrmbys\u00ebs. U prezantua sistemi i skedar\u00ebve Ext2, u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr formatin e skedar\u00ebve ELF, u prezantuan t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr kartat e z\u00ebrit dhe p\u00ebr kontrolluesit SCSI, u realizua ngarkimi i modulave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve \/proc.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb vitin 1992 u shfaq\u00ebn distribucionet e para SLS dhe Yggdrasil. Ver\u00ebn e vitit 1993 u themeluan projektet Slackware dhe Debian.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.0 \u2014 Mars 1994, l\u00ebshimi i par\u00eb zyrtar dhe stabil;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.2 \u2014 Mars 1995, rritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb drejtuesve, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat Alpha, MIPS dhe SPARC, zgjerim t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb stakut rrjet, shfaqja e filtrit t\u00eb paketave, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr NFS;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.0 \u2014 Qershor 1996, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb shum\u00ebprocesor\u00ebve;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mars 1997: u themelua LKML, lista e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb zhvilluesve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Viti 1998: u lan\u00e7ua klasteri i par\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn Top500, i bazuar n\u00eb Linux, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga 68 nyje me CPU Alpha;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.2 &#8212; janar 1999, u rrit efikasiteti i sistemit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories, u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr IPv6, u realizua nj\u00eb firewall i ri, u paraqit nj\u00eb sistem i ri audio;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.4 \u2014 Shkurt 2001, u siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sisteme me 8 procesor\u00eb dhe 64 GB RAM, sistemi i skedar\u00ebve Ext3, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr USB, ACPI;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.6 \u2014 Dhjetor 2003, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr SELinux, mjete p\u00ebr optimizimin automatike t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, sysfs, sistem i ri i menaxhimit t\u00eb memories;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb vitin 2005 u prezantua hipervizori Xen, i cili hapi er\u00ebn e virtualizimit;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb shtator 2008 u formua versioni i par\u00eb i platform\u00ebs Android, e bazuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb korrik 2011, pas 10 vjet zhvillimi t\u00eb deg\u00ebs 2.6.x <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=31259\">u realizua<\/a><\/noindex> u kalua n\u00eb numerim 3.x. Numri i objekteve n\u00eb repositorin Git arriti n\u00eb 2 milion;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb vitin 2015 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=42029\">u mbajt<\/a><\/noindex> u publikua b\u00ebrthama Linux 4.0. Numri i objekteve git n\u00eb repositor arrin n\u00eb 4 milion;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb prill 2018 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48447\">u kalua<\/a><\/noindex> shkalla prej 6 milion objekteve git n\u00eb repositorin e b\u00ebrthames.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb janar 2019 u formua dega e b\u00ebrthames <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50201\">Linux 5.0<\/a><\/noindex>. Repositori arriti n\u00eb 6.5 milion objekte git.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51355\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 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