{"id":37511,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:02","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:02","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:02","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 23. Teknologji t\u00eb avancuara t\u00eb ruterimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00eb thell\u00eb disa aspekte t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimit. Para se t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb, dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjem p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pyetje nga student\u00ebt n\u00eb lidhje me faqet e mia n\u00eb rrjetet sociale. N\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb kam vendosur lidhjet p\u00ebr faqet e kompanis\u00eb son\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb p\u00ebr faqet e mia personale. Dua t\u00eb theksoj se nuk e shtoj nj\u00eb person n\u00eb miqt\u00eb e mi n\u00eb Facebook n\u00ebse nuk e njoh personalisht, prandaj mos d\u00ebrgoni k\u00ebrkesa miq\u00ebsore. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nThjesht mund t\u00eb m\u00eb ndiqni n\u00eb faqen time n\u00eb Facebook dhe t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb dijeni t\u00eb ngjarjeve. Un\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjem n\u00eb mesazhet n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb time n\u00eb LinkedIn, prandaj mund t\u00eb m\u00eb shkruani atje, dhe sigurisht, un\u00eb jam shum\u00eb aktiv n\u00eb Twitter. N\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb video m\u00ebsimore jan\u00eb vendosur lidhje p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha 6 rrjetet sociale, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t'i shfryt\u00ebzoni ato. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si zakonisht, sot do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tre tema. E para \u00ebsht\u00eb shpjegimi i natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb ruterimit, ku do t'ju tregoj p\u00ebr tabelat e ruterimit, ruterimin statik dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb ruterimin Inter-Switch, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se si ndodh ruterimi midis dy switch-ave. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit, do t\u00eb njohim konceptin e ruterimit Inter-VLAN, kur nj\u00eb switch nd\u00ebrvepron me disa VLAN dhe si ndodh lidhja midis k\u00ebtyre rrjeteve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb shum\u00eb interesante, dhe ndoshta d\u00ebshironi ta shikoni disa her\u00eb. Ka edhe nj\u00eb tem\u00eb interesante tjet\u00ebr, e cila quhet Router-on-a-Stick, ose 'ruter n\u00eb shkop'. <\/p>\n

Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tabela e ruterimit? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ruterat marrin vendime p\u00ebr ruterim. Po shihni se si duket nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb tipike ruterimi p\u00ebr ruterat Cisco. \u00c7do kompjuter me sistem operativ Windows gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb ruterimi, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr tem\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Shenja R n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vargut tregon se rruga p\u00ebr n\u00eb rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 sigurohet nga protokolli RIP, C tregon se rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me nd\u00ebrfaqen e router-it, S tregon rrug\u00ebzim statik, dhe pika pas k\u00ebsaj letre tregon se kjo rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb candidate default, ose kandidati p\u00ebrve\u00e7 default p\u00ebr realizimin e rrug\u00ebzimit statik. Ekzistojn\u00eb disa lloje rrug\u00ebsh statike, dhe sot do t\u00eb njohim me to. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb si shembull rrjetin e par\u00eb 192.168.30.0\/24. N\u00eb rresht shihni dy numra n\u00eb katror\u00eb, t\u00eb ndar\u00eb me nj\u00eb slash, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kemi folur m\u00eb par\u00eb. Numri i par\u00eb 120 \u00ebsht\u00eb distanca administrative, e cila karakterizon nivelin e besimit ndaj k\u00ebtij rruge. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se n\u00eb tabel\u00eb ka nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet, e cila sh\u00ebnohet me shkronj\u00ebn C ose S me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs administrative, p\u00ebr shembull, 1, si p\u00ebr ruterin statik. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb gjeni dy rrjete t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta n\u00ebse nuk p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm si balancimi i ngarkes\u00ebs, por le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi 2 regjistrime p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrjet. Pra, n\u00ebse shihni nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kjo rrug\u00eb meriton m\u00eb shum\u00eb besim, dhe anasjelltas, sa m\u00eb e madhe t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e distanc\u00ebs administrative, aq m\u00eb pak besim meriton kjo rrug\u00eb. M\u00eb pas n\u00eb rresht tregohet se p\u00ebrmes cil\u00ebs interface duhet d\u00ebrguar trafiku - n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb porta 192.168.20.1 FastEthernet0\/1. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb komponent\u00ebt nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet tabela e ruterit. <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si routeri merr vendime p\u00ebr routing. M\u00eb lart p\u00ebrmenda kandidatin p\u00ebr default dhe tani do t\u00eb shpjegoj se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo. Supozoni se routeri merr trafik p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, nj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr i t\u00eb cilit mungon n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routingut. N\u00eb rrethana normale, routeri thjesht do ta hodh\u00eb posht\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trafik, por n\u00ebse n\u00eb tabel\u00eb ka nj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr p\u00ebr kandidatin p\u00ebr default, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb routeri nuk e di, do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet te kandidati default. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, regjistri tregon se trafiku, i ardhur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet q\u00eb routeri nuk e njeh, duhet t\u00eb derdhet m\u00eb tej p\u00ebrmes port\u00ebs 192.168.10.1. K\u00ebshtu, trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1 do t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidati p\u00ebr default. <\/p>\n

Kur nj\u00eb router merr nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, ai s\u00eb pari kontrollon n\u00ebse kjo adres\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Prandaj, kur ai merr trafik p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, ai s\u00eb pari do t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb n\u00ebse adresa e saj gjendet n\u00eb nj\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb routing. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse routeri merr trafik p\u00ebr 192.168.30.1, ai do t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha hyrjet dhe do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb q\u00eb kjo adres\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb gam\u00ebn e adresave t\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.30.0\/24, dhe m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj rruge. N\u00ebse nuk gjen asnj\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, routeri do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun e destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn kandidat t\u00eb paracaktuar. K\u00ebshtu vendosen vendimet: s\u00eb pari, shikohet n\u00eb tabel\u00eb p\u00ebr hyrjet e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb caktuara dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdoret rruga kandidat e paracaktuar.
\nTani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve statike. Lloji i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga default, ose rruga e paracaktuar. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, n\u00ebse router-i merr trafik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb adresuar nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb panjohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb, ai do ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs standarde. Rreth vendosjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb rute standarde tregon sh\u00ebnimi \"Gateway of last resort is 192.168.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0\", q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \"Shk\u00ebputja e fundit p\u00ebr rrjetin 0.0.0.0 ka IP-n\u00eb 192.168.10.1\". Kjo rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e specifikuar n\u00eb rreshtin e fundit t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb titulluar me shkronj\u00ebn S dhe nj\u00eb pik\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ky paramet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb caktohet nga m\u00ebnyra globale e konfigurimit. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme sipas protokollit RIP, duhet t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn ip route, duke specifikuar identifikuesin e rrjetit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb 192.168.30.0, dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebndrejt\u00ebs 255.255.255.0, pastaj t\u00eb tregoni 192.168.20.1 si hapi tjet\u00ebr. Mir\u00ebpo, kur vendosni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb standarde, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb specifikoni identifikuesin e rrjetit dhe mask\u00ebn, thjesht shkruani ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb vend t\u00eb adres\u00ebs s\u00eb mask\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebndrejt\u00ebs p\u00ebrs\u00ebri shkruani kat\u00ebr zero, dhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb rreshtit tregoni adres\u00ebn 192.168.20.1, e cila do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rruga standarte.
\nTipi tjet\u00ebr i rrug\u00ebs statike \u00ebsht\u00eb Rruga e Rrjetit, ose rruga e rrjetit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit, duhet t\u00eb specifikoni nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb plot\u00eb, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0, ku 0 n\u00eb fund t\u00eb mask\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetit do t\u00eb thot\u00eb gjithsej 256 adresa n\u00eb rrjetin \/24, dhe t\u00eb specifikoni adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb hopit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Tani do t\u00eb vizatoj nj\u00eb model t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur rrug\u00ebn e paracaktuar dhe rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit. Ai duket si n\u00eb vijim:<\/p>\n

ip route pjesa e par\u00eb e adres\u00ebs pjesa e dyt\u00eb e adres\u00ebs . <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn e paracaktuar, t\u00eb dyja pjes\u00ebt e adres\u00ebs do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga 0.0.0.0, dhe p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit, pjesa e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikuesi i rrjetit, nd\u00ebrsa e dyta \u00ebsht\u00eb maska e n\u00ebnrrjetit. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb vendoset adresa IP e rrjetit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin rruga vendosi t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb hopin e ardhsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar rrug\u00ebn e hostit, p\u00ebrdoret adresa IP e nj\u00eb hosti t\u00eb caktuar. N\u00eb shembullin e komand\u00ebs, kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjesa e par\u00eb e adres\u00ebs, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 192.168.30.1, e cila tregon nj\u00eb pajisje specifike. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.255, e cila gjithashtu tregon adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb nj\u00eb hosti specifik, dhe jo t\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb \/24. Pastaj, duhet t\u00eb specifikoni adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb hopit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb vendosni rrug\u00ebn e hostit. <\/p>\n

Rruga p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse. A e mbani mend se kemi biseduar tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbledhjen e rrug\u00ebve, kur kemi nj\u00eb gam\u00eb IP-sh? Le t\u00eb marrim p\u00ebr shembull rrjetin e par\u00eb 192.168.30.0\/24 dhe t\u00eb imagjinojm\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb router R1, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 me kat\u00ebr adresa IP: 192.168.30.4, 192.168.30.5, 192.168.30.6 dhe 192.168.30.7. Slash 24 n\u00ebnkupton se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet ka gjithsej 256 adresa t\u00eb vlefshme, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kemi vet\u00ebm 4 adresa IP. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse informoj se gjith\u00eb trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 duhet t\u00eb drejtohet p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij rruge, do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr, sepse nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb si 192.168.30.1 mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e aksesueshme p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij interfaci. Prandaj, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nuk mund ta p\u00ebrdorim si pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs 192.168.30.0, por duhet t\u00eb specifikojm\u00eb se cilat adresa do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, 4 adresa t\u00eb sakta do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme p\u00ebrmes interfaci t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, dhe adresat e tjera t\u00eb rrjetit \u2013 p\u00ebrmes interfaci t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb routerit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse duhet t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme ose t\u00eb ngritur.<\/p>\n

Nga parimet e p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve, ne kujtojm\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebngj\u00ebr\u00eb, tre oktetet e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs mbeten t\u00eb pandryshuar, dhe na nevojitet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebngj\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh t\u00eb gjitha 4 adresat. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb specifikojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs 192.168.30.4, dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebngj\u00ebr\u00ebs 255.255.255.252, ku 252 tregon se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00ebngj\u00ebr\u00eb ndodhen 4 IP adresa: .4, .5, .6 dhe .7.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs jan\u00eb dy regjistra: nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb RIP p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 dhe nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse 192.168.30.4\/252, at\u00ebher\u00eb sipas parimeve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, rruga prioritare p\u00ebr trafikun specifik do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rruga p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse. T\u00eb gjitha, q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb lidhen me k\u00ebt\u00eb trafik specifik, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi i rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse \u2013 ju p\u00ebrmbledhni disa adresa IP specifike dhe krijoni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr to. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb grupin e rrug\u00ebve statike ndodhet edhe ajo q\u00eb quhet \u00abrruga floatuese\u00bb, ose Rruga Floating. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb. P\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb rast se ka probleme me lidhjen fizike p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn statike, e cila ka nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1. N\u00eb shembullin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga p\u00ebrmes adres\u00ebs IP 192.168.10.1 n\u00eb rreshtin e fundit t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, dhe n\u00eb rast se kjo rrug\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet n\u00eb nivelin fizik, p\u00ebrdoret rruga rezerv\u00eb floatuese. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb angazhuar rrug\u00ebn rezerv\u00eb, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komand\u00ebs n\u00eb vend t\u00eb adres\u00ebs IP t\u00eb hopit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, e cila normalisht ka nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1, specifikohet nj\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr hopesh, p\u00ebr shembull, 5. Rruga flutuese nuk p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs, sepse angazhohet vet\u00ebm kur rruga statike b\u00ebhet e padisponueshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb d\u00ebmtimit. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nuk kuptuat di\u00e7ka nga ajo q\u00eb sapo tregova, shihni s\u00ebrish k\u00ebt\u00eb video. N\u00ebse ende keni pyetje, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni nj\u00eb email dhe do t'ju shpjegoj gjith\u00e7ka. <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb me shqyrtimin e rrug\u00ebtimit Inter-Switch. Majtas n\u00eb skem\u00eb ndodhet nj\u00eb switch q\u00eb sh\u00ebrben rrjetin blu t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. Djathtas ndodhet nj\u00eb switch tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb punon vet\u00ebm me rrjetin e gjelb\u00ebr t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb marketingut. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrdoren dy switches t\u00eb pavarur q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb departamente t\u00eb ndryshme, pasi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb topologji nuk p\u00ebrdoret rrjeti i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt VLAN. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb lidhje midis k\u00ebtyre dy switch-eve, pra midis dy rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme 192.168.1.0\/24 dhe 192.168.2.0\/24, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb ruter. K\u00ebshtu, k\u00ebto rrjete do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb paketa dhe t\u00eb aksesohet interneti p\u00ebrmes routerit R1. N\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishim p\u00ebrdorur VLAN1 si parazgjedhje p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy switch-t, duke i lidhur me kabuj fizik\u00eb, ata do t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb komunikonin me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Por, p\u00ebr shkak se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb teknisht e pamundur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb rrjeteve q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin domain-eve t\u00eb ndryshme, nj\u00eb ruter \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr komunikim mes tyre.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se secili nga switch-t ka 16 porta. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ne nuk p\u00ebrdorim 14 porta, sepse n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga departamentet ka vet\u00ebm nga 2 kompjuter\u00eb. Prandaj, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb optimal t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret VLAN, si\u00e7 tregohet n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, rrjeti blu VLAN10 dhe rrjeti gjelb\u00ebr VLAN20 kan\u00eb secili domenin e tyre t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes. Rrjeti VLAN10 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me nj\u00eb port t\u00eb router-it me nj\u00eb kabllo, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti VLAN20 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me nj\u00eb port tjet\u00ebr, me t\u00eb dy kabllot q\u00eb dalin nga porte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb switch-it. Duket se, fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zgjidhjeje t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, ne vendos\u00ebm nj\u00eb lidhje nd\u00ebrmjet rrjeteve. Megjithat\u00eb, pasi routeri ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar portesh, ne e p\u00ebrdorim k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb paefektshme, duke e z\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb efikase \u2013 \u00abrouteri n\u00eb shkop\u00bb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ne lidhim portin e switch-it me nj\u00eb nga portet e router-it me nj\u00eb trunk. Kemi th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, se p\u00ebr default, routeri nuk e kupton encapsulation sipas standardit .1Q, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim trunk p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur me t\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ndodhin gj\u00ebrat e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n

Rrjeti i kalt\u00ebr VLAN10 d\u00ebrgon trafik p\u00ebrmes switch-it n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen F0\/0 t\u00eb routerit. Ky port ndahet n\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe (sub-interface), \u00e7do n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe ka nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb, e cila ndodhet n\u00eb diapazonin e adresave ose t\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.1.0\/24, ose t\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.2.0\/24. K\u00ebtu krijohet nj\u00eb paqart\u00ebsi, pasi p\u00ebr dy rrjete t\u00eb ndryshme na nevojiten dy adresa IP t\u00eb ndryshme. Prandaj, ndon\u00ebse trunk-u midis switch-it dhe routerit \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike, duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb dy n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn VLAN. K\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, dhe tjetra p\u00ebr VLAN20. P\u00ebr n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqen e par\u00eb na nevojitet t\u00eb zgjedhim nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP nga diapazoni 192.168.1.0\/24, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn \u2013 nga diapazoni 192.168.2.0\/24. Kur VLAN10 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb, gateway-i do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, dhe kur paketa d\u00ebrgohet nga VLAN20, at\u00ebher\u00eb si gateway do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret adresa IP e dyt\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, \"routeri n\u00eb shkop\" do t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin n\u00eb lidhje me kalimin e trafik t\u00eb \u00e7do kompjuteri nga dy q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-eve t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb rend t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, ne ndajm\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike t\u00eb routerit n\u00eb dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe logjike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shohim se si duket n\u00eb programin Packet Tracer. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nE thash\u00eb pak m\u00eb thjesht skem\u00ebn, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb kompjuter PC0 me adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.1.10 dhe nj\u00eb kompjuter tjet\u00ebr PC1 me adres\u00ebn 192.168.2.10. Kur konfiguruesh nj\u00eb switch, un\u00eb i dedikoj nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe VLAN10 dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr VLAN20. Shkoj n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn CLI dhe shkruaj komand\u00ebn show ip interface brief, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar q\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet FastEthernet0\/2 dhe 0\/3 jan\u00eb aktive. Pastaj shikoj baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN dhe shoh q\u00eb aktualisht t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet e switch-it jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN-it t\u00eb paracaktuar. M\u00eb pas, shkruaj komandat config t dhe int f0\/2 p\u00ebr t\u00eb thirrur portin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur VLAN-i i departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. Re\u017eimi access p\u00ebrdoret si parazgjedhje, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb un\u00eb thjesht shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, shkruaj switchport access VLAN10, dhe sistemi p\u00ebrgjigjet se, duke qen\u00eb se nj\u00eb rrjet i till\u00eb nuk ekziston, ai do ta krijoj\u00eb VLAN10 vet\u00eb. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb rrjet VLAN manualisht, p\u00ebr shembull, VLAN20, duhet t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn vlan 20, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs linja e komand\u00ebs kalon n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e rrjetit virtual, duke e ndryshuar titullin e saj nga Switch(config) # n\u00eb Switch(config-vlan) #. M\u00eb pas, duhet t\u00eb caktoni nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebr rrjetin e krijuar me komand\u00ebn name . Pastaj, konfigurojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen f0\/3. Un\u00eb fut komandat switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 20 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb radhitur, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs rrjeti lidhet me k\u00ebt\u00eb port. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, ju mund t\u00eb konfiguroni switch-in n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra: e para \u2013 duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan 10, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs rrjeti krijohet automatikisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port, e dyta \u2013 kur fillimisht krijoni rrjetin dhe pastaj e lidhni at\u00eb me nj\u00eb port t\u00eb caktuar.
\nPo t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb veprohet me VLAN10. Do t\u00eb kthehem mbrapa dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebris procesin e konfigurimit manual p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet: do t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global, do t\u00eb fus komand\u00ebn vlan 10, pastaj do t\u00eb caktosh nj\u00eb em\u00ebr name SALES dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Tani do t'ju tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse kjo nuk b\u00ebhet, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb lejojm\u00eb sistemin t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb vet\u00eb rrjetin VLAN. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nEshte e qart\u00eb se kemi t\u00eb dyja rrjetet, por rrjeti i dyt\u00eb, q\u00eb e krijuam manualisht, ka emrin e tij MARKETING, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti i par\u00eb VLAN10 ka marr\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr default VLAN0010. Mund ta rregulloj k\u00ebt\u00eb tani n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global duke futur komand\u00ebn name SALES. Tani shihni se pas k\u00ebsaj rrjeti i par\u00eb ndryshoi emrin n\u00eb SALES. <\/p>\n

Tani kthehemi n\u00eb Packet Tracer dhe shohim n\u00ebse kompjuteri PC0 do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidhet me kompjuterin PC1. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb hap terminalin e komandave t\u00eb kompjuterit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj nj\u00eb ping n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e kompjuterit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ne shohim se pingimi p\u00ebrfundoi me d\u00ebshtim. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se PC0 d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ARP p\u00ebr adres\u00ebn 192.168.2.10 p\u00ebrmes portalit 192.168.1.1. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompjuteri n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb pyeti switch-in se kush \u00ebsht\u00eb ky 192.168.1.1. Megjithat\u00eb, switch-i ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, dhe k\u00ebrkesa e marr\u00eb nuk ka ku t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb - ajo vjen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port dhe k\u00ebtu vdes. Kompjuteri nuk merr p\u00ebrgjigje, prandaj arsyeja e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb pingut sh\u00ebnohet si skadim i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb pritjes. P\u00ebrgjigja nuk u mor, sepse n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN10 nuk ka ndonj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 PC0. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, edhe sikur t\u00eb dy kompjuter\u00ebt t\u00eb ishin pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrjet, ata nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidheshin ende, sepse kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme IP-adresash. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ky skem\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb router. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, para se t\u00eb tregoj se si t\u00eb angazhoj nj\u00eb router, do t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb shk\u00ebputje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Do t\u00eb lidh portin Fa0\/1 t\u00eb switch-it dhe portin e router-it Gig0\/0 me nj\u00eb kabllo, dhe pastaj do t\u00eb shtoj nj\u00eb kabllo tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb do t\u00eb lidhet me portin Fa0\/4 t\u00eb switch-it dhe portin Gif0\/1 t\u00eb router-it. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nUn\u00eb do ta lidh VLAN10 n\u00eb portin f0\/1 t\u00eb switchit, duke futur komandat int f0\/1 dhe switchport access vlan10, nd\u00ebrsa VLAN20 do ta lidh n\u00eb portin f0\/4, duke p\u00ebrdorur komandat int f0\/4 dhe switchport access vlan 20. N\u00ebse tani shohim n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, mund t\u00eb shihet se rrjeti SALES \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me nd\u00ebrfaqet Fa0\/1, Fa0\/2, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti MARKETING \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me portat Fa0\/3, Fa0\/4. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kthehemi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te routeri dhe t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e nd\u00ebrfaqes g0\/0, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn no shutdown dhe t'i japim nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb: ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, do t\u00eb konfiguroni nd\u00ebrfaqen g0\/1, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj adres\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. M\u00eb pas do t'i k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb na tregoj\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rutimit, ku tani jan\u00eb regjistrime p\u00ebr rrjetet 1.0 dhe 2.0. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shohim n\u00ebse ky skem\u00eb funksionon. Do t\u00eb presim derisa t\u00eb dyja portet e switchit dhe routerit t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb gjelbra, dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim pingimin e IP adres\u00ebs 192.168.2.10. Si\u00e7 e shihni, gjith\u00e7ka funksionoi!<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKomputeri PC0 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebrmes protokollit ARP n\u00eb switch, switchi i d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb routerit, dhe ai i kthen komputeri MAC adres\u00ebn e tij. Pas k\u00ebsaj, kompjuteri d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb ping n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrug\u00eb. Routeri di se rrjeti VLAN20 \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb portin e tij g0\/1, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb n\u00eb switch, i cili e p\u00ebrcjell paket\u00ebn tek adresati \u2013 PC1. <\/p>\n

Ky skem\u00eb funksionon, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb efikase sepse p\u00ebrdor 2 interface t\u00eb router-it, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se po shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb pa arsye kapacitetet teknike t\u00eb router-it. Prandaj do t\u00eb tregoj si mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb me nj\u00eb interface. <\/p>\n

Do ta heq skem\u00ebn me dy kabllo dhe do ta rikthej lidhjen e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb switch-it dhe router-it me nj\u00eb kabllo. Interface f0\/1 i switch-it duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet port trunke, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e switch-it dhe p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport mode trunk p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port. Porti f0\/4 nuk do ta p\u00ebrdorim m\u00eb. M\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn show int trunk p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse porti \u00ebsht\u00eb konfiguruar sakt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShikojm\u00eb se porta Fa0\/1 po funksionon n\u00eb modin trunk sipas protokollit t\u00eb inkapsulimit 802.1q. T\u00eb shohim tabel\u00ebn VLAN \u2013 shikojm\u00eb se interface F0\/2 \u00ebsht\u00eb i angazhuar p\u00ebr rrjetin e departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa interface f0\/3 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin e marketingut VLAN20. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, switch-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin g0\/0 t\u00eb routerit. N\u00eb konfigurimin e routerit, un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komandat int g0\/0 dhe no ip address p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb k\u00ebtij interface-i. Megjithat\u00eb, ky interface vazhdon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen shutdown. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, routeri duhet t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb trafik nga t\u00eb dy rrjetet \u2013 1.0 dhe 2.0. Duke qen\u00eb se switch-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me routerin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet trunk-ut, trafiku do t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb router nga t\u00eb dyja rrjetet. Megjithat\u00eb, cila adres\u00eb IP duhet t\u2019i caktohet interface-it t\u00eb routerit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast? <\/p>\n

G0\/0 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb interface fizik q\u00eb parazgjedhje nuk ka asnj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP. Prandaj ne p\u00ebrdorim konceptin e nj\u00eb n\u00ebninterface logjike. N\u00ebse shkruaj n\u00eb linj\u00ebn int g0\/0, sistemi do t\u00eb jap\u00eb dy mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr komand\u00ebn: nj\u00eb slash (\/) ose nj\u00eb pik\u00eb. Slash-i p\u00ebrdoret kur konfiguroni interface t\u00eb llojit 0\/0\/0, nd\u00ebrsa pika p\u00ebrdoret kur keni nj\u00eb n\u00ebninterface.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse shkruaj n\u00eb linj\u00ebn int g0\/0. ?, sistemi do t\u00eb m\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb rang numrash t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr n\u00ebninterfestin logjik GigabitEthernet, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt tregohen pas pik\u00ebs: . Ky rang p\u00ebrfshin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4 miliard numra, pra \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb n\u00ebninterfesta logjike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nDo t\u00eb tregoj pas pik\u00ebs numrin 10, i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb VLAN10. Tani kemi kaluar n\u00eb parametrat e n\u00ebninterfestit, t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshimin e titullit t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb parametrave CLI n\u00eb Router (config-subif) #, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kjo lidhjet p\u00ebr n\u00ebninterfestin g0\/0.10. Tani duhet t\u00eb caktosh nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0. Para se t\u00eb vendos k\u00ebt\u00eb adres\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kryej inkapsulimin, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebninterfesti q\u00eb krijuam t\u00eb dij\u00eb se cili protokoll inkapsulimi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb \u2014 802.1q ose ISL. Shkruaj fjal\u00ebn encapsulation n\u00eb linj\u00eb, dhe sistemi jep opsionet e mundshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nUn\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn encapsulation dot1Q. Teknikisht, futja e k\u00ebsaj komande nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e detyrueshme, por un\u00eb e shkruaj at\u00eb p\u00ebr t'i treguar router-it se cili protokoll duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me VLAN, sepse aktualisht ai funksionon si nj\u00eb switch, duke sh\u00ebrbyer p\u00ebr trankimin e VLAN-ve. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb, ne i tregojm\u00eb router-it q\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafiku duhet t\u00eb inkapsulohet sipas protokollit dot1Q. M\u00eb pas, n\u00eb rreshtin e komand\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb tregoj se kjo inkapsulim i p\u00ebrket rrjetit VLAN10. Sistemi na tregon adres\u00ebn IP n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim, dhe interfaci p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10 fillon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, un\u00eb konfiguraj interfacin g0\/0.20. Krijoj nj\u00eb n\u00ebninterfaci t\u00eb ri, caktoj protokollin e inkapsulimit dhe vendos adres\u00ebn IP me komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, un\u00eb patjet\u00ebr duhet t\u00eb heq adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb interfacit fizik, sepse tani interfaci fizik dhe n\u00ebninterfaci logjik kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn adres\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN20. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, un\u00eb shkruaj komandat int g0\/1 dhe no ip address. M\u00eb pas e \u00e7aktivizoj k\u00ebt\u00eb interfaci, sepse nuk na nevojitet m\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, un\u00eb kthehem p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen g0\/0.20 dhe i caktoj asaj nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP me komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Tani, gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet. <\/p>\n

Tani po p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn show ip route p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe shohim se rrjeti 192.168.1.0\/24 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me n\u00ebninterfacin GigabitEthernet0\/0.10, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti 192.168.2.0\/24 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me n\u00ebninterfacin GigabitEthernet0\/0.20. Tani do t\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb terminalin e komandave PC0 dhe do t\u00eb pingoj PC1. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, trafiku shkon n\u00eb portin e router-it, ai e drejton at\u00eb n\u00eb n\u00ebninterfacin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs dhe e d\u00ebrgon p\u00ebrs\u00ebri p\u00ebrmes switch-it n\u00eb kompjuterin PC1. Si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, ping-u kishte sukses. Dy paketat e para u hodh\u00ebn posht\u00eb, sepse kalimi midis nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb router-it merr pak koh\u00eb, gjithashtu pajisjet duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb adresat MAC, por dy paketat e tjera arrit\u00ebn me sukses adresatin. K\u00ebshtu funksionon koncepti i 'router-it n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkop'.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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