{"id":37511,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:02","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:02","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:02","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-23-peredovye-tehnologii-marshrutizatsii","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita e 23. Teknologjit\u00eb avangarde t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot, ne do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00eb thell\u00eb disa aspekte t\u00eb routing-ut. Para se t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb, d\u00ebshiroj t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjem pyetjes s\u00eb student\u00ebve rreth faqeve t\u00eb mia n\u00eb rrjetet sociale. Nga ana e majt\u00eb kam vendosur lidhjet p\u00ebr faqet e kompanis\u00eb son\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa nga e djathta \u2013 p\u00ebr faqet e mia personale. Dua t\u00eb theksoj se nuk i shtoj persona si miq n\u00eb Facebook n\u00ebse nuk i njoh personalisht, prandaj mos d\u00ebrgoni k\u00ebrkesa miq\u00ebsie. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nThjesht mund t\u00eb subscriboni n\u00eb faqen time n\u00eb Facebook dhe t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb dijeni t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ngjarjeve. Un\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjem n\u00eb mesazhet n\u00eb llogarin\u00eb time n\u00eb LinkedIn, prandaj mund t\u00eb m\u00eb shkruani atje, dhe sigurisht, un\u00eb kam nj\u00eb Aktivitet maksimal n\u00eb Twitter. N\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb video m\u00ebsimore jan\u00eb vendosur lidhjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha 6 rrjetet sociale, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t'i p\u00ebrdorni ato. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si zakonisht, sot do t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb tre tema. E para \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb shpjegimi i dometh\u00ebnies s\u00eb routing-ut, ku do t'ju flas p\u00ebr tabelat e routing-ut, routing-un statik dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Pastaj do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb routing-un \u043c\u0435\u0436-switsh, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb si ndodh routing-u midis dy switcheve. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit, do t\u00eb njihemi me konceptin e routing-ut Inter-VLAN, kur nj\u00eb switch nd\u00ebrvepron me disa VLAN dhe si ndodh lidhja midis k\u00ebtyre rrjeteve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb shum\u00eb interesante, dhe ndoshta do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironi ta rishikoni disa her\u00eb. Ka nj\u00eb tem\u00eb tjet\u00ebr interesante, e cila quhet Router-on-a-Stick, ose \"router n\u00eb dor\u00eb\". <\/p>\n

Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tabela e routing-ut? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb tabela n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs router\u00ebt marrin vendime p\u00ebr routing. Ju shihni se si duket nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb tipike routing-u p\u00ebr router\u00ebt Cisco. \u00c7do kompjuter i drejtuar nga Windows gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb routing-u, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

Shkronja R n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb rreshtit tregon se rruga p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 sigurohet nga protokolli RIP, C tregon se rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me nd\u00ebrfaqen e router-it, S tregon routing-un statik, dhe pika pas k\u00ebsaj gjat\u00eb tregon se ky rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb candidate default, ose kandidati i paracaktuar p\u00ebr realizimin e routing-ut statik. Ka disa lloje rrug\u00ebsh statik\u00eb, dhe sot ne do t'i njihemi me to. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb p\u00ebr shembull rrjetin e par\u00eb 192.168.30.0\/24. N\u00eb rresht ju shihni dy numra n\u00eb kllapa katrore, t\u00eb ndar\u00eb me nj\u00eb slash, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ne kemi folur tashm\u00eb. Numri i par\u00eb 120 \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb distanca administrative, q\u00eb karakterizon shkall\u00ebn e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj k\u00ebsaj rruge. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se n\u00eb tabel\u00eb ka nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar me shkronj\u00ebn C ose S me nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, p\u00ebr shembull, 1, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt statike. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tabel\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb takoni dy rrjete t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta, n\u00ebse ne nuk p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb balancimi i ngarkes\u00ebs, por le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi 2 regjistrime p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrjet. Pra, n\u00ebse shihni nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kjo rrug\u00eb meriton m\u00eb shum\u00eb besim, dhe p\u00ebrkundrazi, sa m\u00eb i madh t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e distanc\u00ebs administrative, aq m\u00eb pak besim meriton kjo rrug\u00eb. M\u00eb tej, N\u00eb rresht \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar p\u00ebrmes cilit nd\u00ebrfaqe duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet trafiku \u2013 n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb porta 192.168.20.1 FastEthernet0\/1. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb komponent\u00ebt nga t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet tabela e rrug\u00ebtimit. <\/p>\n

Tani do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr vendimet q\u00eb merr router-i p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebtimin. M\u00eb sip\u00ebr p\u00ebrmenda kandidatin e paracaktuar dhe tani do t\u00eb tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se router-it i vije trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, regjistrimi i t\u00eb cilit mungon n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebtimit. N\u00eb rast normal, router-i do ta hidhte k\u00ebt\u00eb trafik, por n\u00ebse n\u00eb tabel\u00eb ka nj\u00eb regjistrim t\u00eb kandidatit t\u00eb paracaktuar, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb router-i nuk e di do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb kandidatin e paracaktuar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, regjistrimi tregon se trafiku q\u00eb arrin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb panjohur p\u00ebr router-in duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet p\u00ebrmes port\u00ebs 192.168.10.1. K\u00ebshtu, trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1 do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb kandidatit t\u00eb paracaktuar. <\/p>\n

Kur routeri merr nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb lidhje me ndonj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb, ai shpesh shikon n\u00ebse kjo adres\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Prandaj, kur ai merr trafik p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, ai s\u00eb pari do t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb n\u00ebse adresa e tij ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, n\u00ebse routeri merr trafik p\u00ebr 192.168.30.1, ai do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb pas gjith\u00eb regjistrimeve dhe do t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb se kjo adres\u00eb ndodhet brenda gam\u00ebs s\u00eb adresave t\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.30.0\/24, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj rruge. N\u00ebse nuk gjen ndonj\u00eb regjist\u00ebr t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin 30.1.1.1, routeri do ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun e destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs kandidat\u00eb default. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si merret vendimi: s\u00eb pari, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb regjistrimet e ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve q\u00eb shqyrtohen n\u00eb tabel\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdoret ruta e kandidat\u00ebve me p\u00ebrjashtim.
\nTani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tipet e ndryshme t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve statike. Lloji i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga default, ose rruga e paracaktuar. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 thash\u00eb, n\u00ebse routeri merr trafik q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb adresuar nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb panjohur, ai do ta d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs default. Se ekziston nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb default njoftohet nga regjistrimi 'Gateway of last resort is 192.168.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0', q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb 'Shkalla e fundit e qasjes p\u00ebr rrjetin 0.0.0.0 ka IP adres\u00ebn 192.168.10.1'. Kjo rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb rreshtin e fundit t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve, me titullin S me pik\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ky parametr mund t\u00eb caktohet nga moda globale e konfigurimit. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr protokollin RIP, duhet t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn ip route, duke specifikuar identifikuesin e rrjetit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb 192.168.30.0, dhe mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.0, dhe m\u00eb pas t\u00eb specifikoni 192.168.20.1 si hopin e ardhsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, kur vendosni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb default, nuk keni nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb specifikoni identifikuesin e rrjetit dhe mask\u00ebn, thjesht shkruani ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb vend t\u00eb adres\u00ebs s\u00eb mask\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetit shkruani kat\u00ebr zeros, dhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb rreshtit jepni adres\u00ebn 192.168.20.1, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb rruga e paracaktuar.
\nLloji i ardhsh\u00ebm i rrug\u00ebs statike \u00ebsht\u00eb Rruga e Rrjetit, ose rruga e rrjetit. P\u00ebr vendosjen e nj\u00eb rruge rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb specifikoni nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb, pra t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0, ku 0 n\u00eb fund t\u00eb mask\u00ebs s\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetit do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gam\u00ebn e 256 adresave t\u00eb rrjetit \/24, dhe t\u00eb specifikoni IP adres\u00ebn e hopit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Tani un\u00eb do t\u00eb vizatoja nj\u00eb model q\u00eb ilustron komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr vendosjen e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb paracaktuar dhe rrug\u00ebs rrjet. Ai duket si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

ip route pjesa e par\u00eb e adres\u00ebs pjesa e dyt\u00eb e adres\u00ebs . <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn e paracaktuar, si pjesa e par\u00eb ashtu edhe e dyta e adres\u00ebs do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga 0.0.0.0, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit, pjesa e par\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson identifikuesin e rrjetit dhe e dyta \u2013 mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb vendoset IP-adresa e rrjetit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ruterin vendosi t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb hopin e ardhsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr konfigurimin e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb hostit, rruga e hostit p\u00ebrdor IP-adres\u00ebn e nj\u00eb hosti t\u00eb caktuar. N\u00eb modelin e komand\u00ebs, kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjesa e par\u00eb e adres\u00ebs, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb 192.168.30.1, e cila tregon nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb caktuar. Pjesa e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson mask\u00ebn e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.255, e cila gjithashtu tregon IP-adres\u00ebn e nj\u00eb hosti t\u00eb caktuar, dhe jo nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb \/24. M\u00eb pas duhet t\u00eb specifikohet IP-adresa e hopsit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb vendosim rrug\u00ebn e hostit. <\/p>\n

Rruga p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e p\u00ebrmbledhur. Ju e mbani mend q\u00eb ne kemi biseduar m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve kur kemi nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar IP-adresash. Le t\u00eb marrim si shembull rrjetin e par\u00eb 192.168.30.0\/24 dhe t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb ruter R1, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 me kat\u00ebr IP-adresa: 192.168.30.4, 192.168.30.5, 192.168.30.6 dhe 192.168.30.7. Slash 24 tregon se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet ka gjithsej 256 adresa t\u00eb vlefshme, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kemi vet\u00ebm 4 IP-adresa. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse un\u00eb njoftoj se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafiku p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 duhet t\u00eb drejtohet p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj rruge, kjo do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr, sepse nj\u00eb IP adres\u00eb si 192.168.30.1 mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e arritshme p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij interfaci. Prandaj, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk mund ta p\u00ebrdorim si pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs 192.168.30.0, por duhet t\u00eb specifikojm\u00eb cilat adresa t\u00eb caktuara do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb arritshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, 4 adresa t\u00eb caktuara do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb arritshme p\u00ebrmes interfacit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa adresat e tjera t\u00eb rrjetit \u2013 p\u00ebrmes interfacit t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb router-it. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfiguroni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhur.<\/p>\n

Nga parimet e p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve, ne e dim\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb subnet tre oktetat e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs mbeten t\u00eb pandryshuar, dhe na nevojitet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb subnet q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha 4 adresat. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb adres\u00ebs 192.168.30.4, dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb si mask\u00eb subneti t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim 255.255.255.252, ku 252 n\u00ebnkupton se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb subnet jan\u00eb 4 adresa IP: .4, .5, .6 dhe .7.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve do t\u00eb ket\u00eb dy sh\u00ebnime: nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb RIP p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.30.0\/24 dhe nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse 192.168.30.4\/252, at\u00ebher\u00eb sipas parimeve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimit, rruga p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rruga prioritare p\u00ebr trafik t\u00eb caktuar. Gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb nga ky trafik specifik do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e rrjetit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse \u2013 ju p\u00ebrmbledhni disa adresat IP specifike dhe krijoni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr to. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb grupin e rrug\u00ebve statike ka gjithashtu nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur \u2018floating route\u2019. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb rezerv\u00eb. Ajo p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb rast se ndodhin probleme me lidhjen fizike n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn statike, e cila ka nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1. N\u00eb shembullin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga p\u00ebrmes adres\u00ebs IP 192.168.10.1 n\u00eb rreshtin e fundit t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb rrug\u00ebve, dhe n\u00eb rast se kjo rrug\u00eb prish\u00ebt n\u00eb nivelin fizik, p\u00ebrdoret rruga rezerv\u00eb floating. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar rrug\u00ebn rezerv\u00eb, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb rreshtit t\u00eb komand\u00ebs n\u00eb vend t\u00eb adres\u00ebs IP t\u00eb hopit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, e cila normalisht ka nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1, tregohet nj\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr hops, p\u00ebr shembull, 5. Rrug\u00eb floating nuk shpallet n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebve, sepse aktivizohet vet\u00ebm kur rruga statike b\u00ebhet e paq\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb d\u00ebmtimit. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nuk keni kuptuar di\u00e7ka nga ajo q\u00eb sapo tregova, shikoni s\u00ebrish k\u00ebt\u00eb video. N\u00ebse akoma keni pyetje, mund t\u00eb m\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni nj\u00eb email dhe do t'ju shpjegoj gjith\u00e7ka. <\/p>\n

Tani, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb shqyrtimin e rrug\u00ebzim t\u00eb Inter-Switch. Nga e majta n\u00eb diagram \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb switch q\u00eb sh\u00ebrben rrjetin blu t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve. Nga e djathta \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb switch tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb funksionon vet\u00ebm me rrjetin e gjelb\u00ebr t\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb marketingut. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrdoren dy switch-e t\u00eb pavarur q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb departamente t\u00eb ndryshme, pasi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb topologji nuk p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb rrjet i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt VLAN. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse ju nevojitet t\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb lidhje midis k\u00ebtyre dy switch-eve, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb midis dy rrjeteve t\u00eb ndryshme 192.168.1.0\/24 dhe 192.168.2.0\/24, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb router. At\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebto rrjete do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb paketa dhe t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet p\u00ebrmes router-it R1. Sikur t\u00eb kishim p\u00ebrdorur VLAN1 si t\u00eb paracaktuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy switch-et, duke i lidhur ato me kabuj fizik, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb komunikonin me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Por, pasi kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb teknikisht e pamundur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb rrjeteve q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin domain-eve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes, nj\u00eb router \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr komunikimin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Supozoni se \u00e7do switch ka 16 porte. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, ne nuk p\u00ebrdorim 14 porte, p\u00ebr shkak se n\u00eb secilin departament ka vet\u00ebm nga 2 kompjuter\u00eb. Prandaj, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb optimal t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim VLAN, si\u00e7 tregohet n\u00eb diagramin e ardhsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, rrjeti blu VLAN10 dhe rrjeti i gjelb\u00ebr VLAN20 kan\u00eb domain t\u00eb vetin t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes. Rrjeti VLAN10 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me nj\u00eb port t\u00eb router-it me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kabulli, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti VLAN20 me nj\u00eb port tjet\u00ebr, me t\u00eb dy kabujt q\u00eb dalin nga porte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb switch-it. Duket se me k\u00ebt\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer kemi vendosur lidhje midis rrjeteve. Sidoqoft\u00eb, pasi router-i ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar portesh, ne e p\u00ebrdorim shum\u00eb ndryshe kapacitetin e k\u00ebtij aparati, duke i z\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. <\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb efikase \u2013 \"router n\u00eb shkop\". K\u00ebtu ne lidhim portin e switch-it me nj\u00eb nga portet e router-it p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb trunk. Ne tashm\u00eb kemi th\u00ebn\u00eb se router-i p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash nuk e sheh kapsulimin sipas standardit .1Q, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebr komunikim me t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret trunk. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr ndodh k\u00ebshtu.<\/p>\n

Rrjeti blu VLAN10 d\u00ebrgon trafik p\u00ebrmes switch-it n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen F0\/0 t\u00eb routerit. Ky port \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndar\u00eb n\u00eb n\u00ebn-n\u00ebterfaca (sub-interface), ku secili ka nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, q\u00eb ndodhet brenda grupit t\u00eb adresave t\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.1.0\/24 ose t\u00eb 192.168.2.0\/24. K\u00ebtu krijohet nj\u00eb pasiguri \u2013 sepse p\u00ebr dy rrjete t\u00eb ndryshme nevojitet dy adresa IP t\u00eb ndryshme. Prandaj, ndon\u00ebse trunk-u midis switch-it dhe routerit krijohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike, na nevojiten dy n\u00ebn-n\u00ebterfaca p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn VLAN. K\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb n\u00ebn-n\u00ebterfaqe do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa tjetra p\u00ebr VLAN20. P\u00ebr n\u00ebn-n\u00ebterfac\u00ebn e par\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb zgjedhim nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP nga grupi i adresave 192.168.1.0\/24, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn nga 192.168.2.0\/24. Kur VLAN10 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb paket\u00eb, porta e dergimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, nd\u00ebrsa kur VLAN20 d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn, porta e dergimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndryshe. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, \"routeri me shkop\" do t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin n\u00eb lidhje me kalimin e trafikut nga secili nga 2 kompjuter\u00ebt, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-ve t\u00eb ndryshme. Thjesht, ne ndajm\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike t\u00eb routerit n\u00eb dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe logjike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shohim se si duket kjo n\u00eb programin Packet Tracer. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nE kam thjeshtuar pak skem\u00ebn, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb kompjuter PC0 me adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.1.10 dhe nj\u00eb kompjuter t\u00eb dyt\u00eb PC1 me adres\u00ebn 192.168.2.10. Gjat\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb switch-it, un\u00eb i ndava nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr VLAN10 dhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr VLAN20. Hy n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn CLI dhe fus komand\u00ebn show ip interface brief, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar q\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet FastEthernet0\/2 dhe 0\/3 jan\u00eb aktive. M\u00eb pas, shikoj baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN dhe shoh q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrfaqet e switch-it aktualisht jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e VLAN-it t\u00eb paracaktuar. Pastaj, radhazi fus komandat config t dhe int f0\/2, p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar portin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur VLAN-i i seksionit t\u00eb shitjeve. <\/p>\n

Pastaj un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn switchport mode access. Re\u017eimi access p\u00ebrdoret si parazgjedhje, prandaj un\u00eb thjesht e shkruaj k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, un\u00eb shkruaj switchport access VLAN10, dhe sistemi p\u00ebrgjigjet se, pasi nj\u00eb rrjet i till\u00eb nuk ekziston, ai do ta krijoj\u00eb vet\u00eb VLAN10. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb rrjet VLAN manualisht, p\u00ebr shembull, VLAN20, duhet t\u00eb shkruani komand\u00ebn vlan 20, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs komand\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloni n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e rrjetit virtual, duke ndryshuar titullin e saj nga Switch(config) # n\u00eb Switch(config-vlan) #. Pastaj nevojitet t'i japim rrjetit t\u00eb krijuar emrin MARKETING me komand\u00ebn name . M\u00eb pas konfiguroni nd\u00ebrfaqen f0\/3. Un\u00eb renditsh\u00ebm shkruaj komandat switchport mode access dhe switchport access vlan 20, pas s\u00eb cilave rrjeti lidhet me k\u00ebt\u00eb port. <\/p>\n

Ashtu, ju mund ta konfiguroni switch-in n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra: e para \u2013 duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn switchport access vlan 10, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs rrjeti krijohet automatikisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port, e dyta \u2013 kur fillimisht krijoni rrjetin dhe pastaj e lidhni at\u00eb me nj\u00eb port t\u00eb caktuar.
\nPo ashtu mund t\u00eb veproni me VLAN10. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb kthehem mbrapa dhe do ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebris procesin e konfigurimit manual p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet: do t\u00eb hyj n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global, do t\u00eb shkruaj komand\u00ebn vlan 10, pastaj do t'i jap emrin name SALES dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Tani do t'ju tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk e b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, pra n\u00ebse i lejoni sistemit ta krijoj\u00eb vet\u00eb rrjetin VLAN. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nJu shihni se ne kemi t\u00eb dyja rrjetet, por e dyta, e cila u krijua manualisht, ka emrin e saj MARKETING, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti i par\u00eb VLAN10 mori emrin e parazgjedhur VLAN0010. Un\u00eb mund ta rregulloj k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00ebse tani n\u00eb modalitetin e konfigurimit global shkruaj komand\u00ebn name SALES. Tani ju shihni se pas k\u00ebsaj, rrjeti i par\u00eb ndryshoi emrin n\u00eb SALES. <\/p>\n

Tani do t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb Packet Tracer dhe t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb n\u00ebse kompjuteri PC0 mund t\u00eb lidh\u00eb me kompjuterin PC1. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, un\u00eb do t\u00eb hap terminalin e komandave t\u00eb kompjuterit t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj nj\u00eb ping n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e kompjuterit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Ne e qart\u00eb se pingimi p\u00ebrfundoi d\u00ebshtuar. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se PC0 d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ARP n\u00eb adres\u00ebn 192.168.2.10 p\u00ebrmes port\u00ebs 192.168.1.1. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompjuteri n\u00eb fakt pyeti switch-in, kush \u00ebsht\u00eb ky 192.168.1.1. Megjithat\u00eb, switch-i ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10, dhe k\u00ebrkesa e marr\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb askund - ajo arrin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port dhe k\u00ebtu vdes. Kompjuteri nuk merr p\u00ebrgjigje, andaj shkaku i d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb pingimit \u00ebsht\u00eb tejkalimi i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb pritjes. Nuk u mor nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, sepse n\u00eb rrjetin VLAN10 nuk ka asnj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 PC0. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, edhe sikur t\u00eb dy kompjuter\u00ebt t\u00eb ishin pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrjet, ata prap\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb komunikonin, sepse kan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb adresave IP. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ky skem\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, nevojitet nj\u00eb router. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, para se t\u00eb shfaq \u00e7do hap p\u00ebr t\u00eb angazhuar router-in, do t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb lidh portin Fa0\/1 t\u00eb switch-it dhe portin e router-it Gig0\/0 me nj\u00eb kabllo, dhe pastaj do t\u00eb shtoj nj\u00eb kabllo tjet\u00ebr, e cila do t\u00eb lidhet me portin Fa0\/4 t\u00eb switch-it dhe portin Gif0\/1 t\u00eb router-it. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nUn\u00eb do ta lidh rrjetin VLAN10 me portin f0\/1 t\u00eb switch-it, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb fut komandat int f0\/1 dhe switchport access vlan10, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti VLAN20 do t\u00eb lidhet me portin f0\/4, duke p\u00ebrdorur komandat int f0\/4 dhe switchport access vlan 20. N\u00ebse tani shikoni n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave VLAN, do t\u00eb shihni se rrjeti SALES \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me nd\u00ebrfaqet Fa0\/1, Fa0\/2, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti MARKETING - me portat Fa0\/3, Fa0\/4. <\/p>\n

T\u00eb kthehemi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te router-i dhe t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e nd\u00ebrfaqes g0\/0, t\u00eb futim komand\u00ebn no shutdown dhe t'i japim asaj nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP: ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, do t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen g0\/1, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj adres\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Pastaj, do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb t\u00eb na tregojn\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routing-ut, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn tani ka regjistrime p\u00ebr rrjetet 1.0 dhe 2.0. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb shohim n\u00ebse kjo skem\u00eb funksionon. T\u00eb presim deri sa t\u00eb dy portat e switch-it dhe router-it t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb gjelbra dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim pingimin e adres\u00ebs IP 192.168.2.10. Si\u00e7 e shihni, gjith\u00e7ka ka funksionuar!<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKompjuteri PC0 d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebrmes protokollit ARP n\u00eb switch, switch-i e adreson at\u00eb router-it, dhe ai i d\u00ebrgon kompjuterit p\u00ebrs\u00ebri adres\u00ebn e tij MAC. Pas k\u00ebsaj, kompjuteri d\u00ebrgon paket\u00ebn e pingut p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rrug\u00eb. Router-i e di se rrjeti VLAN20 \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin e tij g0\/1, prandaj e d\u00ebrgon at\u00eb switch-it, i cili e p\u00ebrcjell paket\u00ebn tek adresati - PC1. <\/p>\n

Ky \u044d\u0442\u0430 skema punon, por ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb efektive, pasi p\u00ebrdor 2 nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb router-it, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ne po shfryt\u00ebzojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joefikase mund\u00ebsit\u00eb teknike t\u00eb router-it. Prandaj, do t'ju tregoj se si t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe. <\/p>\n

Do ta heq skem\u00ebn me dy kabllo dhe do t\u00eb rikthej lidhjen e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb switch-it dhe router-it me nj\u00eb kabllo. Nd\u00ebrfaqja f0\/1 e switch-it duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet port trun, prandaj kthehem n\u00eb konfigurimet e switch-it dhe p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port komand\u00ebn switchport mode trunk. Porti f0\/4 nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb. M\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn show int trunk p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse porti \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur si\u00e7 duhet. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe shohim se porta Fa0\/1 punon n\u00eb modalitetin trunk sipas protokollit t\u00eb kapsulimit 802.1q. Le t\u00eb shohim tabel\u00ebn VLAN \u2013 ne shohim se nd\u00ebrfaqja F0\/2 \u00ebsht\u00eb e z\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin e departamentit t\u00eb shitjeve VLAN10, nd\u00ebrsa nd\u00ebrfaqja f0\/3 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin e marketingut VLAN20. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb, switch-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me portin g0\/0 t\u00eb router-it. N\u00eb konfigurimet e router-it un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komandat int g0\/0 dhe no ip address p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar IP-n\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrfaqe. Por kjo nd\u00ebrfaqe ende punon, ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje shut down. N\u00ebse e mbani mend, router-i duhet t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb trafik nga t\u00eb dy rrjetet \u2013 1.0 dhe 2.0. Pasi switch-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me router-in me trunk, trafik do t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb router nga t\u00eb dy rrjetet. Por cila IP duhet t'i caktohet nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb router-it n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast? <\/p>\n

G0\/0 paraqet nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike, e cila sipas parazgjedhjes nuk ka asnj\u00eb IP. Prandaj ne p\u00ebrdorim konceptin e n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqes logjike. N\u00ebse un\u00eb shkruaj n\u00eb linj\u00ebn int g0\/0, sistemi do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb dy mund\u00ebsi komandash: slash \/ ose pik\u00eb. Slash p\u00ebrdoret kur konfiguroni nd\u00ebrfaqet e tipit modular 0\/0\/0, nd\u00ebrsa pika p\u00ebrdoret n\u00ebse keni nj\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse un\u00eb shkruaj n\u00eb linj\u00ebn int g0\/0. ?, sistemi do t\u00eb m\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqeve logjike GigabitEthernet, t\u00eb cilat tregohen pas pik\u00ebs: . Ky gam\u00eb p\u00ebrmban m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4 miliard numra, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb mund t\u00eb krijoni kaq shum\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe logjike. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nDo t\u00eb tregoj nj\u00eb num\u00ebr 10 pas pik\u00ebs, q\u00eb do t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb VLAN10. Tani jemi n\u00eb konfigurimin e n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqes, si\u00e7 tregon ndryshimi i titullit n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komandave CLI n\u00eb Router (config-subif) #, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqes g0\/0.10. Tani duhet t'i jap nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0. Para se t\u00eb vendos k\u00ebt\u00eb adres\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb kryejen kapsulimin, q\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqja q\u00eb krijuam t\u00eb dij\u00eb se cilin protokoll kapsulimi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb \u2014 802.1q ose ISL. Shkruaj fjal\u00ebn encapsulation n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs, dhe sistemi jep opsionet e mundshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn encapsulation dot1Q. Teknikisht, kjo komand\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, por e shkruaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar router-it se cili protokoll duhet t\u00eb aplikohet p\u00ebr VLAN, sepse p\u00ebr momentin po punon si nj\u00eb switch, duke sh\u00ebrbyer p\u00ebr VLAN trunking. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb ne i tregojm\u00eb router-it se t\u00eb gjitha trafiku duhet t\u00eb kapsulohet me protokollin dot1Q. M\u00eb pas n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb tregoj se kjo kapsulim i p\u00ebrket rrjetit VLAN10. Sistemi na tregon adres\u00ebn IP q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret, dhe interface-i p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN10 fillon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, konfiguroj interface-in g0\/0.20. Krijoj nj\u00eb n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb re, vendos protokollin e kapsulimit dhe shtoj adres\u00ebn IP me komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebshtu, me patjet\u00ebr duhet t\u00eb heq adres\u00ebn IP nga interface-i fizik, sepse tani interface-i fizik dhe n\u00ebnnd\u00ebrfaqja logjike kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn adres\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN20. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, shkruaj komandat int g0\/1 dhe no ip address. M\u00eb pas, e \u00e7aktivizoj k\u00ebt\u00eb interface, sepse nuk na nevojitet m\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas, kthehem s\u00ebrish n\u00eb interface-in g0\/0.20 dhe i jap nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP me komand\u00ebn ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Tani gjith\u00e7ka sigurisht do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Tani po p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn show ip route, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e routimit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe shohim se rrjeti 192.168.1.0\/24 \u00ebsht\u00eb bashkangjitur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me n\u00ebn-interfecin GigabitEthernet0\/0.10, nd\u00ebrsa rrjeti 192.168.2.0\/24 \u00ebsht\u00eb bashkangjitur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me n\u00ebn-interfecin GigabitEthernet0\/0.20. Tani do t\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb terminalin e komandave t\u00eb PC0 dhe do t\u00eb pingoj PC1. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, trafiku shkon n\u00eb portin e routerit, i cili e transferon at\u00eb n\u00eb n\u00ebn-interfecin e duhur dhe e d\u00ebrgon p\u00ebrs\u00ebri p\u00ebrmes switch-it tek kompjuteri PC1. Si\u00e7 e shihni, ping-u kaloi me sukses. Dy paketat e para u hodh\u00ebn posht\u00eb, sepse kalimi midis interfec\u00ebve t\u00eb routerit merr disa koh\u00eb, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb pajisjet duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb adresat MAC, por dy paketat e tjera arrit\u00ebn me sukses tek adresa e synuar. K\u00ebshtu funksionon koncepti i \"routerit n\u00eb \u00e7ast\".<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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