{"id":37530,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ip-kvm-cherez-qemu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:10","slug":"ip-kvm-cherez-qemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ip-kvm-cherez-qemu","title":{"rendered":"IP-KVM p\u00ebrmes QEMU","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"IP-KVM
\n
\nZgjidhja e defekteve gjat\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb sistemit operativ n\u00eb serverat pa KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb KVM-over-IP p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb imazhi rikuperimi dhe nj\u00eb makine virtuale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rast se ka probleme me sistemin operativ n\u00eb serverin e larg\u00ebt<\/a><\/noindex>, administratori ngarkon imazhin e rikuperimit dhe kryen pun\u00ebt e nevojshme. Ky metod\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb efektive kur shkaku i d\u00ebshtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur, dhe imazhi i rikuperimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nga e nj\u00ebjta familje me sistemin operativ t\u00eb instaluar n\u00eb server. N\u00ebse shkaku i d\u00ebshtimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma i njohur, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ndiqet procesi i ngarkimit t\u00eb sistemit operativ.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

KVM e larg\u00ebt<\/h2>\n

\nQasja n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn e serverit mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes mjeteve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara, si IPMI ose Intel\u00ae vPro\u2122, ose p\u00ebrmes pajisjeve t\u00eb jashtme, t\u00eb njohura si IP-KVM. Ka situata kur t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto teknologji nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi. N\u00ebse serveri mund t\u00eb riadikohet nga larg n\u00eb imazhin e rikuperimit t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb sistemin operativ t\u00eb familjes Linux, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb organizohet shpejt KVM-over-IP.<\/p>\n

Imazhi i rikuperimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem operativ i plot\u00eb, i cili ruhen n\u00eb memorjen e p\u00ebrkohshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, ne mund t\u00eb ekzekutojm\u00eb \u00e7do software, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb makinat virtuale (VM). K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb nisni nj\u00eb VM, brenda s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do t\u00eb punoj\u00eb sistemi operativ i serverit. Qasja n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn e VM mund t\u00eb organizohet, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmes VNC.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur sistemin operativ t\u00eb serverit brenda VM, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen disk\u00ebt e serverit si disk\u00ebt e VM. N\u00eb sistemet operative t\u00eb familjes Linux, disk\u00ebt fizik\u00eb paraqiten si pajisje bllokesh t\u00eb tipit \/dev\/sdX<\/b>, me t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb punoni si me skedar\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Disa hipervizor\u00eb, si QEMU dhe VirtualBox, lejojn\u00eb ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb VM n\u00eb format \"t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuar\", q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ruajtjes pa metadatet e hipervizorit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, VM mund t\u00eb nis\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur disk\u00ebt fizik\u00eb t\u00eb serverit.<\/p>\n

Ky metod\u00eb k\u00ebrkon burime p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur imazhin e rikuperimit dhe VM-n\u00eb brenda tij. Megjithat\u00eb, me kat\u00ebr apo m\u00eb shum\u00eb gigabajt\u00eb memorje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, kjo nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb problem.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitja e mjedisit<\/h2>\n

\nSi makin\u00eb virtuale, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb program t\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb QEMU<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili shpesh nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e imazhit t\u00eb rikuperimit, prandaj duhet t\u00eb instalohet ve\u00e7mas. Imazhi i rikuperimit q\u00eb ofrojm\u00eb p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt tan\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb Arch Linux<\/a><\/noindex>, ku p\u00ebrdoret menaxheri i paketave pacman<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb sigurohemi se imazhi i rikuperimit p\u00ebrdor versionet m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb softuerit. Kontrolli dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponenteve t\u00eb OS mund t\u00eb kryhet me komand\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

pacman -Suy<\/code><\/p>\n

Pas p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb instaloni QEMU. Komanda p\u00ebr instalim p\u00ebrmes pacman do t\u00eb duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

pacman -S qemu<\/code><\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb n\u00ebse qemu \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar sakt\u00eb:<\/p>\n

root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
\nVersioni e emulatorit QEMU 4.0.0
\nAutORIZIMI (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard dhe zhvilluesit e projektit QEMU<\/code><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, imazhi i rikuperimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pun\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nisja e makin\u00ebs virtuale<\/h2>\n

\nFillimisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni numrin e burimeve t\u00eb ndara p\u00ebr VM dhe t\u00eb verifikoni rrug\u00ebt n\u00eb disk\u00ebt fizik\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, ne do t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb dy b\u00ebrthama dhe dy gigabajt\u00eb memorje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme p\u00ebr makin\u00ebn virtuale, dhe disk\u00ebt jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn \/dev\/sda<\/b> dhe \/dev\/sdb<\/b>. Le t\u00eb nisimi VM:<\/p>\n

qemu-system-x86_64
\n -m 2048M
\n -net nic -net user
\n -enable-kvm
\n -cpu host,nx
\n -M pc
\n -smp 2
\n -vga std
\n -drive file=\/dev\/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
\n -drive file=\/dev\/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
\n -vnc :0,password
\n -monitor stdio<\/code><\/p>\n

Pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb rreth asaj q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb secili nga parametrat:<\/p>\n