{"id":37530,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ip-kvm-cherez-qemu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:10","slug":"ip-kvm-cherez-qemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ip-kvm-cherez-qemu","title":{"rendered":"IP-KVM p\u00ebrmes QEMU","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"IP-KVM
\n
\nZgjidhja e problemeve gjat\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb sistemit operativ n\u00eb server\u00ebt pa KVM \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb KVM-over-IP p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb imazhi rikuperimi dhe nj\u00eb makine virtuale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rast se shfaqen probleme me sistemin operativ n\u00eb serverin e larg\u00ebt<\/a><\/noindex>, administratori ngarkon imazhin e rikuperimit dhe kryen pun\u00ebt e nevojshme. Kjo metod\u00eb funksionon shum\u00eb mir\u00eb kur shkaku i d\u00ebshtimit dihet dhe imazhi i rikuperimit i p\u00ebrket s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs familje si sistemi operativ i instaluar n\u00eb server. N\u00ebse shkaku i d\u00ebshtimit ende nuk dihet, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb monitorohet procesi i nisjes s\u00eb sistemit operativ.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

KVM n\u00eb distanc\u00eb<\/h2>\n

\nQasja n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn e serverit mund t\u00eb merret me mjete t\u00eb integruara, si IPMI ose Intel\u00ae vPro\u2122, ose me pajisje t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb quajtura IP-KVM. Ka situata kur asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto teknologji nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi. N\u00ebse serveri mund t\u00eb riniset nga distanca n\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh rikuperimi t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem operativ t\u00eb familjes Linux, at\u00ebher\u00eb KVM-over-IP mund t\u00eb organizohet shpejt.<\/p>\n

Imazhi i rikuperimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem operativ i plot\u00eb q\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb memorien RAM. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb ekzekutojm\u00eb \u00e7do softuer, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe makinat virtuale (VM). Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se mund t\u00eb nisim nj\u00eb VM, brenda s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb sistemi operativ i serverit. Qasja n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn e VM mund t\u00eb organizohet, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmes VNC.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur sistemin operativ t\u00eb serverit brenda VM, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb specifikohen disqet e serverit si disqe t\u00eb VM. N\u00eb sistemet operative t\u00eb familjes Linux, disqet fizike paraqiten si pajisje blloku t\u00eb llojit \/dev\/sdX<\/b>, me t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb punohet si me skedar\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Disa hipervizor\u00eb, si QEMU dhe VirtualBox, lejojn\u00eb ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb VM n\u00eb format \u201craw\u201d, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs ruajt\u00ebse pa metadatat e hipervizorit. K\u00ebshtu, VM mund t\u00eb niset duke p\u00ebrdorur disqet fizike t\u00eb serverit.<\/p>\n

Kjo metod\u00eb k\u00ebrkon burime p\u00ebr nisjen e imazhit t\u00eb rikuperimit dhe t\u00eb VM brenda tij. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse ka kat\u00ebr ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb gigabajt RAM, kjo nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb problem.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitja e mjedisit<\/h2>\n

\nSi makin\u00eb virtuale mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret programi i leht\u00eb dhe i thjesht\u00eb QEMU<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili zakonisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e imazhit t\u00eb rikuperimit, prandaj duhet t\u00eb instalohet ve\u00e7mas. Imazhi i rikuperimit q\u00eb u ofrojm\u00eb klient\u00ebve bazohet n\u00eb Arch Linux<\/a><\/noindex>, ku p\u00ebrdoret menaxheri i paketave pacman<\/b>.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb imazhi i rikuperimit p\u00ebrdor versionet m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb softuerit. Mund t\u00eb kontrolloni dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e OS me komand\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

pacman -Suy<\/code><\/p>\n

Pas p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit duhet t\u00eb instaloni QEMU. Komanda e instalimit p\u00ebrmes pacman do t\u00eb duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

pacman -S qemu<\/code><\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb q\u00eb qemu \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar si\u00e7 duhet:<\/p>\n

root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
\nVersioni i emulatorit QEMU 4.0.0
\nT\u00eb drejtat e autorit (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard dhe zhvilluesit e Projektit QEMU<\/code><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull, at\u00ebher\u00eb imazhi i rikuperimit \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim.<\/p>\n

Nisja e makin\u00ebs virtuale<\/h2>\n

\nS\u00eb pari duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni sasin\u00eb e burimeve q\u00eb do t\u2019i ndahen VM-s\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjeni shtigjet drejt disqeve fizike. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, do t\u2019i caktojm\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale dy b\u00ebrthama dhe dy gigabajt memorie operative, nd\u00ebrsa disqet ndodhen n\u00eb shtegun \/dev\/sda<\/b> dhe \/dev\/sdb<\/b>. Le ta nisim VM-n\u00eb:<\/p>\n

qemu-system-x86_64
\n -m 2048M
\n -net nic -net user
\n -enable-kvm
\n -cpu host,nx
\n -M pc
\n -smp 2
\n -vga std
\n -drive file=\/dev\/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
\n -drive file=\/dev\/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
\n -vnc :0,password
\n -monitor stdio<\/code><\/p>\n

Pak m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb secili paramet\u00ebr:<\/p>\n