{"id":37723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-29-pat-i-nat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-29-pat-i-nat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-29-pat-i-nat","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 29. PAT dhe NAT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot t\u00eb flasim sot p\u00ebr PAT (Port Address Translation), nj\u00eb teknologji e p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb IP-adresave duke p\u00ebrdorur porte, dhe NAT (Network Address Translation), nj\u00eb teknologji p\u00ebr transformimin e IP-adresave t\u00eb pakove transitore. PAT \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb i NAT. Do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tri tema: <\/p>\n

\u2014 IP-adresa private, ose t\u00eb brendshme (lokale), dhe IP-adresa publike, ose t\u00eb jashtme;
\n \u2014 NAT dhe PAT;
\n \u2014 konfigurimi i NAT\/PAT.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me adresat e brendshme Private IP. E dim\u00eb q\u00eb ato ndahen n\u00eb tri klasa: A, B, dhe C. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nAdresat e brendshme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs A p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gam\u00ebn \"disa\" nga 10.0.0.0 deri n\u00eb 10.255.255.255, nd\u00ebrsa ato t\u00eb jashtme \u2013 nga 1.0.0.0 deri n\u00eb 9.255.255.255 dhe nga 11.0.0.0 deri n\u00eb 126.255.255.255. <\/p>\n

Adresat e brendshme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs B p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gam\u00ebn nga 172.16.0.0 deri n\u00eb 172.31.255.255, nd\u00ebrsa ato t\u00eb jashtme \u2013 nga 128.0.0.0 deri n\u00eb 172.15.255.255 dhe nga 172.32.0.0 deri n\u00eb 191.255.255.255.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Adresat e brendshme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs C p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gam\u00ebn nga 192.168.0.0 deri n\u00eb 192.168.255.255, nd\u00ebrsa ato t\u00eb jashtme \u2013 nga 192.0.0.0 deri n\u00eb 192.167.255.255 dhe nga 192.169.0.0 deri n\u00eb 223.255.255.255.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nAdresat e klas\u00ebs A jan\u00eb adresat \/8, klasa B \u2014 \/12 dhe klasa C \u2014 \/16. K\u00ebshtu, IP-adresat e jashtme dhe t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb klasave t\u00eb ndryshme mbulojn\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. <\/p>\n

Ne kemi diskutuar shpesh se \u00e7far\u00eb ndan privatet nga publiket n\u00eb IP-adresa. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, n\u00ebse kemi nj\u00eb ruter dhe nj\u00eb grup IP-adresash t\u00eb brendshme, kur ato p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet, ruteri i transformon ato n\u00eb IP-adresa t\u00eb jashtme. Adresat e brendshme jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetet lokale, jo n\u00eb internet. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb parametrat e rrjetit n\u00eb kompjuterin tim, do t\u00eb shoh adres\u00ebn time t\u00eb brendshme LAN 192.168.1.103.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur adres\u00ebn time publike t\u00eb IP-s\u00eb, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim n\u00eb internet si \"Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-im\"? Si\u00e7 e shihni, adresa e jashtme e kompjuterit \u00ebsht\u00eb 78.100.196.163 dhe ndryshon nga adresa e tij e brendshme. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet, kompjuteri im shihet n\u00eb internet me adres\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb IP-s\u00eb. Pra, adresa e brendshme e kompjuterit tim \u00ebsht\u00eb 192.168.1.103, nd\u00ebrsa ajo e jashtme \u00ebsht\u00eb 78.100.196.163. Adresa e brendshme p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr komunikim lokal, dhe nuk mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ju nevojitet nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP publike. Mund ta kujtoni arsyen pse u ndan adresat n\u00eb private dhe publike duke rishikuar videot m\u00ebsimore t\u00eb Dit\u00ebs 3. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb NAT. Ekzistojn\u00eb tre lloje NAT: NAT statik, dinamik dhe NAT \"i ngarkuar\", ose PAT.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb Cisco ekzistojn\u00eb 4 terma q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb NAT. Si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, NAT \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb transformuar adresat e brendshme n\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb pajisje e lidhur n\u00eb internet merr nj\u00eb paket\u00eb nga nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr e rrjetit lokal, ajo thjesht e hodh at\u00eb paket\u00eb, pasi formati i adres\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme nuk p\u00ebrputhet me formatin e adresave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb rrjetin global t\u00eb internetit. Prandaj, pajisja duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP publike p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet.
\nPra, termini i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Inside Local, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb IP-adresa e host-it n\u00eb rrjetin e brendsh\u00ebm lokal. Thjesht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa primare e burimit si 192.168.1.10. Termi i dyt\u00eb, Inside Global, \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-adresa e host-it lokal, n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilin ai shihet n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-adresa e portit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb ruteri 200.124.22.10.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nMund t\u00eb thuhet se Inside Local \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP private, nd\u00ebrsa Inside Global \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP publike. Mbani mend se termini Inside p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb lidhje me burimin e trafikut, nd\u00ebrsa Outside p\u00ebr destinacionin e trafikut. Outside Local \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-adresa e host-it n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm, n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilin ai shihet p\u00ebr rrjetin e brendsh\u00ebm. Thjesht, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa e marr\u00ebsit, e dukshme nga rrjeti i brendsh\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb shembull i till\u00eb adrese \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-adresa 200.124.22.100 e nj\u00eb pajisjeje t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb internet. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nOutside Global \u00ebsht\u00eb IP-adresa e host-it, e dukshme n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, adresat Outside Local dhe Outside Global duken nj\u00ebsoj, sepse edhe pas transformimit, adresa IP e destinacionit duket p\u00ebr burimin ashtu si ishte para transformimit. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb NAT statik. NAT statik do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb transformim i sakt\u00eb i adresave IP t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb ato t\u00eb jashtme, ose transformim \"n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm\". Kur pajisjet d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb trafik n\u00eb internet, adresat e tyre t\u00eb brendshme Inside Local transformohen n\u00eb adresat e brendshme Inside Global.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb rrjetin ton\u00eb lokal kemi 3 pajisje, dhe kur ato do t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet, secila prej tyre merr adres\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb Inside Global. K\u00ebto adresa jan\u00eb caktuar statikisht burimeve t\u00eb trafikut. Parimi \"n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm\" do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse n\u00eb rrjetin lokal ka 100 pajisje, ato marrin 100 adresat e jashtme. <\/p>\n

NAT u shfaq p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar Internetin, q\u00eb po i mbaronin adresat IP publik\u00eb. Fal\u00eb NAT, shum\u00eb kompani, shum\u00eb rrjeta mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb konvertohen adresat lokale t\u00eb pajisjeve kur dalin n\u00eb internet. Mund t\u00eb thuash se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk ka asnj\u00eb kursim t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb adresave me NAT statik, sepse qindra kompjuter\u00ebve lokal\u00eb u jepen qindra adresa t\u00eb jashtme, dhe do t\u00eb kesh plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, NAT statik ka disa avantazhe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, kemi nj\u00eb server me adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb brendshme 192.168.1.100. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb pajisje nga Interneti d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb lidhet me t\u00eb, ajo nuk do t\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur adres\u00ebn e brendshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb adres\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb serverit 200.124.22.3. N\u00ebse n\u00eb router \u00ebsht\u00eb konfiguruar NAT statik, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafiku drejtuar 200.124.22.3 automatikisht do t\u00eb ridrejtohet n\u00eb 192.168.1.100. K\u00ebshtu sigurohet qasja e jashtme n\u00eb pajisjet brenda rrjetit lokal, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast te serveri web i kompanis\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm n\u00eb disa raste. <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr NAT dinamik. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me at\u00eb statik, por nuk i jep adresa t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme \u00e7do pajisjeje lokale. P\u00ebr shembull, kemi 3 pajisje lokale dhe vet\u00ebm 2 adresa t\u00eb jashtme. N\u00ebse pajisja e dyt\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet, ajo do t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb IP. N\u00ebse pas saj d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dal\u00eb nj\u00eb server web, routeri do t'i jap\u00eb asaj adres\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb disponueshme. N\u00ebse pas k\u00ebsaj, pajisja e par\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm, nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb, dhe routeri do ta hedh\u00eb paket\u00ebn e saj. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe mund t\u00eb kemi nj\u00ebqind pajisje me adresa IP t\u00eb brendshme, dhe secila prej k\u00ebtyre pajisjeve mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet. Por ndon\u00ebse nuk kemi nj\u00eb caktim statik t\u00eb adresave t\u00eb jashtme, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb mund t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2 pajisje nga nj\u00ebqind, sepse kemi vet\u00ebm dy adresa t\u00eb jashtme q\u00eb caktohen dinamikisht. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb pajisjet Cisco, \u00ebsht\u00eb e parashikuar nj\u00eb koh\u00eb fikse p\u00ebr konvertimin e adresave, e cila p\u00ebr default \u00ebsht\u00eb 24 or\u00eb. Ajo mund t\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00eb 1, 2, 3, 10 minuta, n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron. Pas kalimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, adresat e jashtme lihen t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe automatikisht kthehen n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e adresave. N\u00ebse n\u00eb at\u00eb moment pajisja e par\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet dhe ndonj\u00eb adres\u00eb e jashtme \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme, ajo do ta marr\u00eb at\u00eb. Routeri p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb NAT, e cila p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet dinamikisht, dhe p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb koha e konvertimit nuk ka skaduar, adresa e caktuar ruhet p\u00ebr pajisjen. Th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, NAT dinamik punon sipas parimit: \"ata q\u00eb erdh\u00ebn t\u00eb par\u00ebt, ata sh\u00ebrbehen\". <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb shohim se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson NAT i ngarkuar, ose PAT. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb tipi m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm i NAT. N\u00eb rrjetin tuaj sht\u00ebpiak mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb shum\u00eb pajisje - PC, smartphone, laptop, tablet, dhe t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto lidhen me routerin, i cili ka nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb jashtme. PAT lejon q\u00eb shum\u00eb pajisje me adresa IP t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP t\u00eb jashtme.
\nLe t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb adres\u00eb publike 200.124.22.1 dhe shum\u00eb pajisje lokale. Ajo q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb daljes n\u00eb internet t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto hoste do t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn adres\u00eb 200.124.22.1. E vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t'i dalloj\u00eb nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra \u00ebsht\u00eb numri i portit.
\nN\u00ebse e mban mend diskutimin p\u00ebr nivelin e transportit, at\u00ebher\u00eb e di se niveli i transportit p\u00ebrmban numra portesh, dhe numri i portit burim \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr rast\u00ebsor. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm ka nj\u00eb host me adres\u00eb IP 200.124.22.10, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me internetin. N\u00ebse kompjuteri 192.168.1.11 d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb lidhet me kompjuterin 200.124.22.10, ai do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb port burim rasor 51772. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, porti i destinacionit t\u00eb kompjuterit n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 80. <\/p>\n

Kur routeri t\u00eb marr\u00eb paket\u00ebn e kompjuterit lokal, t\u00eb drejtuar ndaj rrjetit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, ai e transliteron adres\u00ebn lokale t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb adres\u00ebn globale t\u00eb brendshme 200.124.22.1 dhe i cakton numrin e portit 23556. Paketa arrin te kompjuteri 200.124.22.10, dhe ai duhet t'i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen sipas procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb duarve, nd\u00ebrsa destinacioni do t\u00eb jet\u00eb adresa 200.124.22.1 dhe porti 23556. <\/p>\n

Routeri ka nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb t\u00eb transliterimit NAT, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb paket\u00ebn e kompjuterit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, ai do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb adres\u00ebn e brendshme lokale, e cila p\u00ebrkon me adres\u00ebn globale t\u00eb brendshme si 192.168.1.11: 51772, dhe do t'i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb paket\u00ebn. Pas k\u00ebsaj, lidhja midis dy kompjuter\u00ebve mund t\u00eb konsiderohet e vendosur.
\nN\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, mund t\u00eb keni nj\u00ebqind pajisje q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin adres\u00eb 200.124.22.1 p\u00ebr komunikim, por me numra portesh t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, duke lejuar q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ato t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse PAT \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kaq e njohur e translacionit.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim konfigurimin e NAT-it statik. P\u00ebr \u00e7do rrjet, s\u00eb pari \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoni interfaces hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse. N\u00eb diagram \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar router-i, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit kalon trafiku nga porta G0\/0 n\u00eb port\u00ebn G0\/1, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nga rrjeti i brendsh\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu, kemi nj\u00eb interface hyr\u00ebs 192.168.1.1 dhe nj\u00eb interface dal\u00ebs 200.124.22.1. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar NAT, ne kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb interface G0\/0 dhe vendosim parametrat ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 dhe specifikojm\u00eb se ky interface \u00ebsht\u00eb hyr\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn ip nat inside. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPo ashtu, konfigurojm\u00eb NAT n\u00eb interface dal\u00ebs G0\/1, duke vendosur ip address 200.124.22.1, mask\u00ebn n\u00ebndeta 255.255.255.0 dhe ip nat outside. Mbani mend se transformimi i NAT-it dinamik gjithmon\u00eb ndodh nga interface hyr\u00ebs n\u00eb ate dal\u00ebs, nga inside n\u00eb outside. Sigurisht, p\u00ebr NAT dinamik, p\u00ebrgjigjja vjen n\u00eb interface hyr\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes atij dal\u00ebs, por kur fillon trafiku, \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtimi in-out q\u00eb aktivizohet. N\u00eb rastin e NAT-it statik, iniciimi i trafikut mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja drejtimet \u2013 in-out ose out-in. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, ne kemi nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb t\u00eb NAT-it statik, ku \u00e7do adres\u00eb lokale \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me nj\u00eb adres\u00eb globale t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kemi 3 pajisje, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb tabela do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 3 regjistrime, ku do t\u00eb specifikohet adresa Inside Local IP e burimit, e cila transformohet n\u00eb adres\u00ebn Inside Global: ip nat inside static 192.168.1.10 200.124.22.1.
\nK\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb NAT-in statik, ju shkruani manualisht transformimin p\u00ebr \u00e7do adres\u00eb t\u00eb hostit lokal. Tani do t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb Packet Tracer dhe do t\u00eb realizoj konfigurimet q\u00eb p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb par\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb maj, kemi serverin 192.168.1.100, posht\u00eb ndodhet kompjuteri 192.168.1.10 dhe n\u00eb vet\u00eb fundin \u00ebsht\u00eb kompjuteri 192.168.1.11. Porta G0\/0 e router-it Router0 ka adres\u00ebn IP 192.168.1.1, nd\u00ebrsa porta G0\/1 \u00ebsht\u00eb 200.124.22.1. N\u00eb \"re\", q\u00eb paraqet internetin, kam vendosur Router1, t\u00eb cilit i kam caktuar adres\u00ebn IP 200.124.22.10.<\/p>\n

Hyj n\u00eb konfigurimet e Router1 dhe shkruaj komand\u00ebn debug ip icmp. Tani, sapo ping-u arrin k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, n\u00eb dritaren e konfigurimeve do t\u00eb shfaqet nj\u00eb mesazh debug q\u00eb tregon se \u00e7far\u00eb lloj pakete \u00ebsht\u00eb.
\nT\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me konfigurimin e router-it Router0. Kaloj n\u00eb modin e konfigurimeve globale dhe aktivizoj interface G0\/0. M\u00eb pas, shkruaj komand\u00ebn ip nat inside, pastaj kaloj n\u00eb interface G0\/1 dhe shkruaj komand\u00ebn ip nat outside. K\u00ebshtu kam caktuar interfaces hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse t\u00eb router-it. Tani duhet t\u00eb konfiguroj manualisht adresat IP, pra t\u00eb transferoj n\u00eb konfigurimet e rreshtave t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb par\u00eb: <\/p>\n

Ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.124.22.1
\nIp nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 200.124.22.2
\nIp nat inside source static 192.168.1.100 200.124.22.3 <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani do t\u00eb b\u00ebj ping Router1 nga secila prej pajisjeve tona dhe do t\u00eb shoh se cilat adresa IP do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb ping-u i pranuar. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, vendos dritaren e hapur CLI t\u00eb router-it R1 n\u00eb an\u00ebn e djatht\u00eb t\u00eb ekranit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb mesazhet e debug. Tani kaloj n\u00eb terminalin e komand\u00ebs s\u00eb kompjuterit PC0 dhe b\u00ebj ping adres\u00ebs 200.124.22.10. M\u00eb pas, n\u00eb dritaren shfaqet mesazhi se ping-u \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar nga adresa IP 200.124.22.1. Kjo tregon se adresa IP e kompjuterit lokal 192.168.1.10 \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar n\u00eb adres\u00ebn globale 200.124.22.1.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nT\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb b\u00ebj me kompjuterin e ardhsh\u00ebm lokal dhe shoh se adresa e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar n\u00eb 200.124.22.2. M\u00eb pas, d\u00ebrgoj ping nga serveri dhe shoh adres\u00ebn 200.124.22.3.
\nK\u00ebshtu, kur trafiku nga pajisja e rrjetit lokal arrin te router-i, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb konfigurimi NAT statik, router-i transformon adres\u00ebn IP lokale n\u00eb globale sipas tabel\u00ebs dhe d\u00ebrgon trafikun n\u00eb rrjetin e jasht\u00ebm. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar tabel\u00ebn e NAT-it, shkruaj komand\u00ebn show ip nat translations.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani ne mund t\u00eb shohim t\u00eb gjitha transformimet q\u00eb b\u00ebn router-i. N\u00eb kolonen e par\u00eb Inside Global ndodhet adresa e pajisjes para translacionit, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ajo adres\u00eb, n\u00ebn t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pajisja \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme nga rrjeti i jasht\u00ebm, m\u00eb pas vjen adresa Inside Local, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb adresa e pajisjes n\u00eb rrjetin lokal. Kolona e tret\u00eb tregon Outside Local, dhe e kat\u00ebrta \u2013 adres\u00ebn Outside Global, meqen\u00ebse k\u00ebto dy adresa jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta sepse ne nuk i n\u00ebnshtruar transformimit adres\u00ebn IP t\u00eb destinacionit. Si\u00e7 e shihni, pas disa sekondash, tabela u pastrua, sepse n\u00eb Packet Tracer \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr ping. <\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj ping nga router-i R1 n\u00eb serverin n\u00eb adres\u00ebn 200.124.22.3, dhe n\u00ebse kthehem p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te konfigurimet e router-it, mund t\u00eb shoh se tabela \u00ebsht\u00eb mbushur s\u00ebrish me kat\u00ebr rreshta ping me adres\u00eb destinacioni t\u00eb transformuar 192.168.1.100.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSi e thash, edhe n\u00ebse ndodhi nj\u00eb skadim i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb transmetimit, kur aktivizohet trafiku nga nj\u00eb burim i jasht\u00ebm, mekanizmi NAT aktivizohet automatikisht. Kjo ndodh vet\u00ebm kur p\u00ebrdoret NAT statik. <\/p>\n

Tani le t\u00eb shohim si funksionon NAT dinamik. N\u00eb shembullin ton\u00eb kemi 2 adresa publike p\u00ebr tre pajisje n\u00eb rrjetin lokal, por mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra dhe qindra t\u00eb tilla. Megjithat\u00eb, vet\u00ebm 2 pajisje mund t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb internet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ka tjet\u00ebr pos k\u00ebsaj q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn dallimin midis NAT statik dhe NAT dinamik.<\/p>\n

Si n\u00eb rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, fillimisht duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse t\u00eb routerit. Pastaj krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj liste akses, por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo ACL p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn fol\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e kaluar. Kjo list\u00eb akses p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar trafikun q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb ta transformojm\u00eb. K\u00ebtu paraqitet nj\u00eb term i ri \"trafik interesant\". Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb trafiku q\u00eb ju intereson p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb caktuar, dhe kur ky trafik p\u00ebrputhet me kushtet e list\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit, ai p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb mekanizmin NAT dhe transformohet. Ky term p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr trafikun n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb rastin e VPN, \"interesant\" i referohet trafik q\u00eb synohet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes tunelit VPN. <\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ACL q\u00eb identifikon trafik interesant, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb ky \u00ebsht\u00eb trafiku i t\u00ebr\u00eb rrjetit 192.168.1.0, s\u00eb bashku me mask\u00ebn p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse 0.0.0.255. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPastaj duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb pool NAT, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn ip nat pool dhe sh\u00ebnojm\u00eb pool-in e adresave IP 200.124.22.1 200.124.22.2. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ofrojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy adresa IP t\u00eb jashtme. Pastaj n\u00eb komand\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret fjala ky\u00e7e netmask dhe futet maska e n\u00ebnrrjetit 255.255.255.252. Okteti i fundit t\u00eb mask\u00ebs barazon (255 - numri i adresave n\u00eb pool - 1), pra n\u00ebse keni 254 adresa n\u00eb pool, maska e n\u00ebnrrjetit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 255.255.255.0. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb parametr shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kur konfigurojme NAT dinamik, sigurohuni q\u00eb t\u00eb futni vler\u00ebn e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb netmask. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn q\u00eb aktivizon mekanizmin NAT: ip nat inside source list 1 pool NWKING, ku NWKING \u00ebsht\u00eb emri i pool-it, dhe list 1 p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson list\u00ebn e aksesit ACL num\u00ebr 1. Mbani mend - q\u00eb kjo komand\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, fillimisht duhet t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb pool t\u00eb adresave dinamike dhe list\u00ebn e aksesit. <\/p>\n

Pra, n\u00eb kushtet tona, pajisja e par\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb internet do t\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, pajisja e dyt\u00eb gjithashtu, por e treta do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb pres\u00eb deri sa t\u00eb lirohet nj\u00eb nga adresat e pool-it. Konfigurimi i NAT dinamik p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 4 hapa: p\u00ebrcaktimi i nd\u00ebrfaqeve hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse, p\u00ebrcaktimi i trafikut \"interesant\", krijimi i pool-it NAT dhe n\u00eb fund konfigurimi i tij.
\nTani do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb Packet Tracer dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb konfiguroni NAT dinamik. Fillimisht duhet t\u00eb fshijm\u00eb konfigurimet e NAT statik, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat futim komandat nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb:<\/p>\n

no Ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.124.22.1
\nno Ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 200.124.22.2
\nno Ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.100 200.124.22.3. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas krijoj nj\u00eb list\u00eb akses List 1 p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb rrjetin me komand\u00ebn access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 dhe formoj pool-in NAT me komand\u00ebn ip nat pool NWKING 200.124.22.1 200.124.22.2 netmask 255.255.255.252. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb komand\u00eb tregova emrin e pool-it, adresat q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen, dhe mask\u00ebn e rrjetit.<\/p>\n

Pastaj tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb NAT \u00ebsht\u00eb - e brendshme apo e jashtme, dhe burimin nga i cili NAT duhet t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb informacionin, n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lista, me komand\u00ebn ip nat inside source list 1. Pas k\u00ebsaj, sistemi do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb tregues - a \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme nj\u00eb pool i plot\u00eb apo nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Zgjidhim pool, sepse kemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 adres\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme. N\u00ebse zgjidhni nd\u00ebrfaqen, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb tregoni portin me nj\u00eb IP t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00eb form\u00ebn e fundit, komanda do t\u00eb duket k\u00ebshtu: ip nat inside source list 1 pool NWKING. Tani ky pool p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy adresa 200.124.22.1 200.124.22.2, megjithat\u00eb mund t\u2019i ndryshoni ato ose t\u00eb shtoni adresa t\u00eb reja, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb tabela juaj e rutimit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebra nga k\u00ebto adresa IP n\u00eb pool t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb drejtohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pajisje, p\u00ebrndryshe nuk do t\u00eb merrni trafikun e kthimit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar funksionalitetin e konfigurimeve, do ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim procedur\u00ebn e pingut t\u00eb rutera t\u00eb cloud-it, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e b\u00ebm\u00eb p\u00ebr NAT statik. Do t\u00eb hap dritaren e rutera Router 1, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb mesazhet e modit t\u00eb gjenerimit dhe do ta pingoj nga secila nga 3 pajisjet.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe v\u00ebrejtim se t\u00eb gjitha adresat e burimeve, nga t\u00eb cilat vijn\u00eb paketat ping, i p\u00ebrputhen cil\u00ebsimeve. Megjithat\u00eb, ping nga kompjuteri PC0 nuk funksionon, sepse i mungon nj\u00eb adres\u00eb e lir\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme. N\u00ebse hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e Router 1, shohim se aktualisht p\u00ebrdoren adresat e rezerv\u00ebs 200.124.22.1 dhe 200.124.22.2. Tani do ta \u00e7aktivizoj p\u00ebrkthimin, dhe do t\u00eb shihni se rreshtat zhduken nj\u00eb pas nj\u00eb. Rinitizoj ping nga kompjuteri PC0, dhe si\u00e7 e shihni, tani gjith\u00e7ka funksionon, sepse ai mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb adres\u00ebn e lir\u00eb 200.124.22.1. <\/p>\n

Si mund ta pastroj tabel\u00ebn NAT dhe t\u00eb anuloj nj\u00eb transformim adresash t\u00eb vendosur? Hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e routerit Router0 dhe shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn clear ip nat translation * me \"y\u201c n\u00eb fund t\u00eb rreshtit. N\u00ebse tani shohim gjendjen e transformimit me komand\u00ebn show ip nat translation, sistemi do t\u00eb na jap\u00eb nj\u00eb rresht t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb statistikat e NAT, p\u00ebrdoret komanda show ip nat statistics. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komand\u00eb shum\u00eb e dobishme, e cila na lejon t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb numrin total t\u00eb transformimeve dinamike, statike dhe t\u00eb avancuara NAT\/PAT. Shihni, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 0, pasi ne kemi pastruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e transformimit me komand\u00ebn e m\u00ebparshme. K\u00ebtu tregohet nd\u00ebrfaqet hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse, numri i transformimeve t\u00eb suksesshme dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebshtuar hits dhe misses (numri i d\u00ebshtimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me munges\u00ebn e nj\u00eb adrese t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr hostin e brendsh\u00ebm), emri i list\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit dhe rezerv\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

Tani do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb llojin m\u00eb popullor t\u00eb transformimit t\u00eb adresave IP \u2013 NAT e avancuar, ose PAT. P\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar PAT, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ndjekim t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat hapa si p\u00ebr konfigurimin e NAT dinamik: t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet hyr\u00ebse dhe dal\u00ebse t\u00eb routerit, t\u00eb identifikojm\u00eb trafikun \"interesant\", t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb rezerv\u00ebn NAT dhe t\u00eb konfigurojm\u00eb PAT. Mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb me disa adresa, si n\u00eb rastin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, por nuk ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, sepse n\u00eb PAT gjithmon\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret e nj\u00ebjta adres\u00eb e jashtme. Dallimi midis konfigurimit t\u00eb NAT dinamik dhe PAT q\u00ebndron vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fjal\u00ebn ky\u00e7e overload, e cila p\u00ebrfundon komand\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb konfigurimit. Pas shtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fjale, NAT dinamik automatikisht shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb PAT.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebrdorni vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb adres\u00eb n\u00eb rezerv\u00ebn NWKING, p\u00ebr shembull, 200.124.22.1, por e sh\u00ebnoni dy her\u00eb si adres\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme fillestare dhe p\u00ebrfundimtare me mask\u00ebn e rrjetit 255.255.255.0. Mund ta b\u00ebni m\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb vargut ip nat 1 pool NWKING 200.124.22.1 200.124.22.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 parametrin source interface dhe adres\u00ebn fikse 200.124.22.1 t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes G0\/1. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, t\u00eb gjitha adresat lokale kur dalin n\u00eb internet do t\u00eb transformohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb IP adres\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb rezerv\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni \u00e7do adres\u00eb tjet\u00ebr IP, jo domosdoshm\u00ebrisht q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe fizike specifike. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha router\u00ebt n\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb trafikun kthyes n\u00eb pajisjen q\u00eb keni zgjedhur. Nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi e NAT \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr adresimin e kalimit, sepse nd\u00ebrsa paketa e kthimit do t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb pajisjen lokale, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb adres\u00ebn dinamike NAT. K\u00ebshtu, duhet t\u00eb jeni t\u00eb sigurt q\u00eb adresa IP e zgjedhur do t\u00eb mbetet e disponueshme gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb seanc\u00ebs s\u00eb komunikimit. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Packet Tracer. S\u00eb pari, duhet t\u00eb fshij NAT dinamik me komand\u00ebn no Ip nat inside source list 1 NWKING dhe t\u00eb fshij rezerv\u00ebn NAT me komand\u00ebn no Ip nat pool NWKING 200.124.22.1 200.124.22.2 netmask 225.255.255.252. <\/p>\n

Pastaj, duhet t\u00eb krijoj nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb PAT me komand\u00ebn Ip nat pool NWKING 200.124.22.2 200.124.22.2 netmask 225.255.255.255. K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb adres\u00eb IP q\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrket pajisjes fizike, sepse pajisja fizike ka adres\u00ebn 200.124.22.1, dhe un\u00eb dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor 200.124.22.2. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast funksionon, sepse kemi nj\u00eb rrjet lokal.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, konfiguroni PAT me komand\u00ebn Ip nat inside source list 1 pool NWKING overload. Pas Futjes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj komande, aktivizohet transformimi i adresave PAT. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e konfigurimit, shkoj n\u00eb pajisjet tona, serverin dhe dy kompjuter\u00ebt, dhe b\u00ebj ping nga kompjuter PC0 Router1 n\u00eb adres\u00ebn 200.124.22.10. N\u00eb dritaren e cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb routerit shihni rreshtat e debug, ku tregohet se burimi i pingut, si\u00e7 e prisnim, \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa IP 200.124.22.2. Nga kjo adres\u00eb gjithashtu vjen ping nga kompjuteri PC1 dhe serveri Server0. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e transformimeve t\u00eb routerit Router0. Shihni, se t\u00eb gjitha transformimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme, \u00e7do pajisje merr portin e saj t\u00eb vet, dhe t\u00eb gjitha adresat lokale lidhen me Router1 p\u00ebrmes adres\u00ebs IP t\u00eb rezerv\u00ebs 200.124.22.2. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nP\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn show ip nat statistics p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb statistikat e PAT. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe shohim se numri total i transformimeve, ose translacioneve t\u00eb adresave, \u00ebsht\u00eb 12, shohim karakteristikat e rezerv\u00ebs dhe informata t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Tani po filloj di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr \u2014 do t\u00eb jap komand\u00ebn Ip nat inside source list 1 interface gigabit Ethernet g0\/1 overload. N\u00ebse pas k\u00ebsaj pingoni routerin nga kompjuteri PC0, do t\u00eb vini re se paketa ka ardhur nga adresa 200.124.22.1, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb nga interface fizik! Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb: n\u00ebse nuk d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb krijoni nj\u00eb pool, q\u00eb ndodh shpesh gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb routerave sht\u00ebpiak\u00eb, adresa IP e interface-it fizik t\u00eb routerit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si adres\u00eb e jashtme NAT. K\u00ebshtu ndodhin shpesh konvertimet e adresave t\u00eb hostit tuaj privat p\u00ebr rrjetin publik.
\nSot studiuam nj\u00eb tem\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, prandaj ju nevojitet praktika n\u00eb t\u00eb. P\u00ebrdorni Packet Tracer p\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar njohurit\u00eb tuaja teorike n\u00eb zgjidhjen e detyrave praktike p\u00ebr konfigurimin e NAT dhe PAT. Arrit\u00ebm n\u00eb fund t\u00eb studimit t\u00eb tem\u00ebs ICND1 \u2014 provimit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb kursit CCNA, prandaj video-leksioni tjet\u00ebr do t'ia kushtoj p\u00ebrmbledhjes. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c PAT (Port Address Translation), \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 IP- \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0438 NAT (Network Address Translation), \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. PAT \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c NAT. \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435) IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430; \u2014 NAT \u0438 PAT; \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 NAT\/ PAT. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 29. PAT dhe NAT | ProHoster","description":"Sot do t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb PAT (Port Address Translation), teknologjin\u00eb e p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb adresave IP duke p\u00ebrdorur porte, dhe NAT (Network Address Translation), teknologjin\u00eb e konvertimit t\u00eb adresave IP t\u00eb paketimeve kaluese. PAT \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb i NAT. Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tri tema: \u2014 adresat IP private, ose t\u00eb brendshme (lokale); \u2014 NAT dhe PAT; \u2014 konfigurimi i NAT\/PAT. Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-29-pat-i-nat","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 29. PAT \u0438 NAT | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c PAT (Port Address Translation), \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 IP- \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0438 NAT (Network Address Translation), \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. PAT \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c NAT. \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435) IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430; \u2014 NAT \u0438 PAT; \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 NAT\/ PAT. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-29-pat-i-nat","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:19:20+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:19:20+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"37723","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-23 19:02:20","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:22:28","updated":"2026-01-23 19:02:20","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37723\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}