{"id":37988,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-37-stp-vybor-root-bridge-funktsii-portfast-i-bpdu-guard-chast-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:01","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-37-stp-vybor-root-bridge-funktsii-portfast-i-bpdu-guard-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-37-stp-vybor-root-bridge-funktsii-portfast-i-bpdu-guard-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 37. STP: zgjedhja e Root Bridge, funksionet PortFast dhe BPDU guard. Pjesa 2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Supozoni se q\u00eb STP \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje konvergjence. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse un\u00eb marr nj\u00eb kabllo dhe lidhem me switch-in N direkt me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor A? Root Bridge do t\u00eb \"shikoj\u00eb\" se ka nj\u00eb port t\u00eb ri t\u00eb lidhur dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb BPDU n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSwitchi N, duke marr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fram me kosto zero, do ta p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb koston e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb ri si 0+19 = 19, p\u00ebrderisa kostoja e portit t\u00eb tij rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb 76. Pas k\u00ebsaj, porti i switch-it N, i cili m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje disabled, do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fazat e kalimit dhe do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb modin e d\u00ebrgimit vet\u00ebm pas 50 sekondash. N\u00ebse ky switch ka pajisje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb lidhura, t\u00eb gjitha ato do t\u00eb humbasin lidhjen me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor dhe me rrjetin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi p\u00ebr 50 sekonda. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme vepron switchi G, duke marr\u00eb nga switchi N nj\u00eb fram BPDU me njoftimin p\u00ebr koston 19. Ai e ndryshon koston e portit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb 19+19=38 dhe e rim\u00ebk\u00ebmb at\u00eb si portin e ri rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor, sepse kostoja e portit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb 57, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se 38. K\u00ebshtu, fillojn\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb gjitha fazat e riem\u00ebrimit t\u00eb porteve t\u00eb cilat zgjatin 50 sekonda dhe, n\u00eb fund, e gjith\u00eb rrjeta shembet. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme duke p\u00ebrdorur RSTP. Switchi rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor po ashtu do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb BPDU switch-it N q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me t\u00eb, por menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb portin e tij. Duke marr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fram, switchi N do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb se ky rrug\u00eb ka nj\u00eb kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se porti i tij rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor, dhe shpesh do ta bllokoj\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebsaj, N do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb Proposal switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur portin e ri, sepse kostoja e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e portit rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ekziston. Pas q\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsori pranon k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, ai do t\u00eb hap\u00eb portin e tij dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb Agreement switch-it N, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ky i fundit do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb portin e ri portin e tij rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebshtu, fal\u00eb mekanizmit Proposal\/Agreement, riem\u00ebrimi i portit rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet t\u00eb lidhura me switch-in N nuk do t\u00eb humbasin lidhjen me rrjetin.
\nDuke e caktuar nj\u00eb port t\u00eb ri rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor, switchi N do ta shnd\u00ebrroj\u00eb portin e tij t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor n\u00eb port alternativ. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb me switchin G \u2013 ai do t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbej\u00eb mesazhe Proposal\/Agreement me switch-in N, do t\u00eb caktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb port t\u00eb ri rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor dhe do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb portet e tjera. Pastaj procesi do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb n\u00eb segmentin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit me switchin F. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSwitchi F, duke analizuar kostot, do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb se rruga drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb posht\u00ebm do t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb 57, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rruga e tanishme p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm kushton 38, dhe do ta l\u00ebr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb. Pas k\u00ebtij informacioni, switchi G do t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb portin, q\u00eb lidhet me F, dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafikun drejt switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb re G-H-A. <\/p>\n

Derisa switchi F t\u00eb marr\u00eb Proposal\/Agreement nga switchi G, ai do ta mbaj\u00eb portin e tij t\u00eb posht\u00ebm t\u00eb bllokuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar formimin e mjegullave. K\u00ebshtu, ju shihni se RSTP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll shum\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb, i cili nuk shkakton probleme n\u00eb rrjetin q\u00eb jan\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e STP.
\nTani le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb shqyrtimin e komandave. Ju nevojitet t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit global t\u00eb switch-it dhe t\u00eb zgjidhni modin PVST ose RPVST me komand\u00ebn spanning-tree mode . Pastaj, ju nevojitet t\u00eb vendosni se si t\u00eb ndryshoni prioritetin e VLAN-it. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret komand\u00eb spanning-tree vlan priority . Nga video e fundit, duhet t\u00eb kujtoni se prioriteti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shumfish i 4096 dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb standarde ky num\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb 32768 plus numri i rrjetit VLAN. N\u00ebse keni zgjedhur VLAN1, at\u00ebher\u00eb prioriteti standard do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 32768+1= 32769. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPse mund t\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb ndryshoni prioritetin e rrjeteve? Ne e dim\u00eb se BID p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb vler\u00eb numerike t\u00eb prioritetit dhe MAC-adres\u00ebn. MAC-adresa e nj\u00eb pajisjeje nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohet, ajo ka nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb vet\u00ebm vlera e prioritetit mund t\u00eb ndryshohet.<\/p>\n

Supozoni se ekziston nj\u00eb rrjet i madh, ku t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet Cisco jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb nj\u00eb skem\u00eb rrethore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, me PVST aktivizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb standarde, sistemi do t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin prioritet, avantazhi do t'i jepet switch-it me MAC adres\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Megjithat\u00eb, ky mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb switch 10-12 vje\u00e7ar me nj\u00eb model t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, i cili nuk ka mjaftuesh\u00ebm fuqi dhe performanc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb \"udh\u00ebhequr\" nj\u00eb rrjet kaq t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.
\nNd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb rrjetin tuaj mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb switch i ri p\u00ebr disa mij\u00ebra dollar\u00eb, i cili p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb vler\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb MAC-adres\u00ebs detyrohet t\u00eb \"n\u00ebnshterohet\" nga nj\u00eb switch i vjet\u00ebr me \u00e7mim disa qindra dollar\u00eb. N\u00ebse switchi i vjet\u00ebr b\u00ebhet switchi rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor, kjo tregon nj\u00eb gabim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb dizajnin e rrjetit.<\/p>\n

Prandaj duhet t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e kalimtarit t\u00eb ri dhe t'i jepni atij nj\u00eb vler\u00eb minimale prioriteti, p\u00ebr shembull, 0. Kur p\u00ebrdorni VLAN1, vlera totale e prioritetit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 0+1=1, dhe t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera do ta ken\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb si kalimtarin rr\u00ebnor.<\/p>\n

Tani imagjinoni nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. N\u00ebse kalimtari rr\u00ebnor b\u00ebhet i paqart\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshironit q\u00eb kalimtari i ri rr\u00ebnor t\u00eb mos ishte ndonj\u00eb kalimtar me prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, por nj\u00eb kalimtar t\u00eb caktuar me funksione t\u00eb mira rrjet\u00ebsh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e Root Bridge p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb komand\u00eb q\u00eb em\u00ebron kalimtarin rr\u00ebnor kryesor dhe dyt\u00ebsor: spanning-tree vlan root . Vlera e prioritetit p\u00ebr kalimtarin kryesor do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 32768 - 4096 - 4096 = 24576. P\u00ebr kalimtarin dyt\u00ebsor, ajo llogaritet sipas formul\u00ebs 32768 - 4096 = 28672.<\/p>\n

Nuk keni nevoj\u00eb ta futni k\u00ebto numra manualisht - sistemi do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr ju automatikisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, kalimtari me prioritet 24576 do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ai rr\u00ebnor, dhe n\u00eb rast se ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion, kalimtari me prioritet 28672, duke marr\u00eb parasysh q\u00eb prioriteti i t\u00eb gjitha kalimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se 32768. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra si duhet vepruar n\u00ebse nuk d\u00ebshironi q\u00eb sistemi ta em\u00ebroj\u00eb kalimtarin rr\u00ebnor automatikisht. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shikoni cil\u00ebsimet e protokollit STP, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree summary. Tani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha temat q\u00eb kemi m\u00ebsuar sot me ndihm\u00ebn e Packet Tracer. Po p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb topologji rrjeti me 4 kalimtar\u00eb model 2690, kjo nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, sepse t\u00eb gjitha modelet e kalimtar\u00ebve Cisco mb\u00ebshtesin STP. Ato jan\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl t\u00eb mbyllur n\u00eb rrjet. <\/p>\n

Sipas parazgjedhjes, pajisjet Cisco punojn\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin PSTV+, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebr konvergjenc\u00ebn \u00e7do port do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 sekonda. Paneli i simulimit lejon t\u00eb tregoni d\u00ebrgimin e trafikut dhe t\u00eb shihni parametrat e funksionimit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb krijuar.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni se \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb kuad\u00ebr STP BPDU. N\u00ebse shihni shenj\u00ebn version 0, at\u00ebher\u00eb keni STP, sepse p\u00ebr RSTP p\u00ebrdoret versioni 2. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu vlera Root ID, e cila p\u00ebrmban prioritetin dhe MAC-adres\u00ebn e kalimtarit rr\u00ebnor, dhe vlera e saj Bridge ID q\u00eb i korrespondon. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nK\u00ebto vlera jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta, pasi kostoja e rrug\u00ebs drejt kalimtarit rr\u00ebnor p\u00ebr SW0 \u00ebsht\u00eb 0, prandaj, ai vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kalimtari rr\u00ebnor. Pra, pas ndezjes s\u00eb kalimtar\u00ebve, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb STP, ndodhi nj\u00eb zgjedhje automatike e Root Bridge dhe rrjeti filloi t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb. Shihni se p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl, porta e sip\u00ebrme Fa0\/2 e kalimtarit SW2 u kalua n\u00eb gjendjen Blocking, por \u00e7far\u00eb tregon ngjyra portokalli e shenj\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb konsol\u00ebn e cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb kalimtarit SW0 dhe p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb \u00e7ift komandash. E para \u00ebsht\u00eb komanda show spanning-tree, pas rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do t\u00eb shohim informacionin mbi modalitetin PSTV+ p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN1. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim disa VLAN, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb dritares do t\u00eb shfaqet nj\u00eb bllok tjet\u00ebr informacioni p\u00ebr rrjetin e dyt\u00eb e m\u00eb tej. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni se protokolli STP \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion sipas standardit IEEE, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb PVSTP+. Teknikisht, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard .1d. K\u00ebtu gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb informacioni Root ID: prioritet 32769, MAC-adresa e pajisjes rr\u00ebnore, kosto 19, etj. M\u00eb pas vijon informacioni Bridge ID, ku shpjegohet vlera e prioritetit 32768 +1 dhe ndodhet nj\u00eb MAC-adres\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Si\u00e7 e shihni, gabova \u2014 kalimtari SW0 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kalimtari rr\u00ebnor, kalimtari rr\u00ebnor ka nj\u00eb MAC-adres\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, e cila i \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb parametrave Root ID. Mendoj se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb faktit se SW0 ka marr\u00eb kuadrin BPDU me informacionin se ndonj\u00eb kalimtar n\u00eb rrjet ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb shanse t\u00eb luaj\u00eb rolin e rr\u00ebnor.<\/p>\n

(sh\u00ebnim i p\u00ebrkthyesit: Root ID \u2013 identifikuesi i kalimtarit rr\u00ebnor, i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e nj\u00ebjta n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrjet VLAN, duke punuar sipas protokollit STP, Bridge ID \u2013 identifikuesi i kalimtarit lokal n\u00eb strukturen e Root Bridge, i cili mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr kalimtar\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm dhe VLAN t\u00eb ndryshme).<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje, e cila tregon se SW0 nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kalimtari rr\u00ebnor, \u00ebsht\u00eb se kalimtari rr\u00ebnor nuk ka Root Port, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ka dhe Root Port dhe Designated Port, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen forwarding. Ju gjithashtu shihni llojin e lidhjes p2p, ose 'pik\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00eb'. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se portat fa0\/1 dhe fa0\/2 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me kalimtar\u00ebt fqinj.
\nN\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb port do t\u00eb ishte lidhur me nj\u00eb hub, lloji i lidhjes do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohej si shared, m\u00eb von\u00eb do ta shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00ebse vendos nj\u00eb komand\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb informacionin p\u00ebrfundimtar show spanning-tree summary, do t\u00eb shohim se ky kalimtar \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin PVSTP, dhe m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb listohen funksionet e portit t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorshme. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas tregohet gjendja dhe numri i portave q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr VLAN1: blocking 0, listening 0, learning 0, n\u00eb gjendje forwarding jan\u00eb 2 porte n\u00eb modalitetin STP.
\nPara t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb me switch-in SW2, le t\u00eb shohim konfigurimet e switch-it SW1. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin komand\u00eb show spanning-tree.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni q\u00eb adresa MAC e Root ID p\u00ebr switch-in SW1 \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si ajo p\u00ebr SW0, sepse t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet n\u00eb rrjet gjat\u00eb konvergjenc\u00ebs marrin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn adres\u00eb p\u00ebr pajisjen Root Bridge, pasi besojn\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjen e b\u00ebr\u00eb nga protokolli STP. Si\u00e7 e shihni, SW1 \u00ebsht\u00eb switch-i rr\u00ebnj\u00eb, sepse adresat e Root ID dhe Bridge ID p\u00ebrputhen. Gjithashtu, k\u00ebtu ka nj\u00eb mesazh \"kjo switch \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb\". <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shenj\u00eb e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se ai nuk ka Root ports, t\u00eb dy portet jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara si Designated. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha portet jan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara si Designated dhe jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje forwarding, at\u00ebher\u00eb keni t\u00eb b\u00ebni me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Switch-i SW3 p\u00ebrmban informacion t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, dhe tani do t\u00eb kaloj n\u00eb SW2, sepse nj\u00eb nga portet e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje Blocking. P\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree dhe ne shohim q\u00eb informacioni Root ID dhe vlera e prioritetit jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta si ato t\u00eb switch-eve t\u00eb tjera.
\nM\u00eb pas tregohet se nj\u00eb nga portet \u00ebsht\u00eb Alternative. Mos u shqet\u00ebsoni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, standardi 802.1d e quajti k\u00ebt\u00eb Blocking Port, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb PVSTP porta e bllokuar gjithmon\u00eb quhet Alternative. Pra, ky port alternativ Fa0\/2 ndodhet n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb bllokuar, nd\u00ebrsa porti Fa0\/1 vepron si Root Port. <\/p>\n

Porti i bllokuar ndodhet n\u00eb segmentin e rrjetit midis switch-it SW0 dhe switch-it SW2, duke parandaluar k\u00ebshtu formimin e nj\u00eb cikli. Si\u00e7 e shihni, switch-et p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb tipit p2p, pasi nuk jan\u00eb lidhur pajisje t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNe kemi nj\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb konvergjenc\u00eb sipas protokollit STP. Tani do t\u00eb marr nj\u00eb kabllo dhe do ta lidh direkt switch-in SW2 me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb SW1. Pas k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb gjitha portet e SW2 do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohen me marka portokalli. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree summary, do t\u00eb shohim q\u00eb fillimisht dy portet jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje Listening, pastaj kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje Learning dhe pas disa sekondash n\u00eb gjendje Forwarding, nd\u00ebrsa ngjyra e mark\u00ebs ndryshon n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr. N\u00ebse tani shkruajm\u00eb komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree, duket se Fa0\/1, e cila m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte Root port, tani ka kaluar n\u00eb gjendje bllokimi dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur Alternative port. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPorti Fa0\/3, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me kabllon e switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb Root port, nd\u00ebrsa porti Fa0\/2 ka u b\u00ebr\u00eb port Designated. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri procesin e konvergjenc\u00ebs. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb shk\u00ebput kabllon SW2-SW1 dhe do t\u00eb kthehem n\u00eb topologjin\u00eb e m\u00ebparshme. Shihni q\u00eb portet e SW2 s\u00eb pari bllokohen dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri b\u00ebhen portokalli, m\u00eb pas kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjendjet Listening dhe Learning dhe p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen Forwarding. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nj\u00eb port b\u00ebhet i gjelb\u00ebr, nd\u00ebrsa tjetri, i lidhur me switch-in SW0, mbetet portokalli. Procesi i konvergjenc\u00ebs zgjati nj\u00eb koh\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb kosto t\u00eb pun\u00ebs STP.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nTani le t\u00eb shohim si funksionon RSTP. T\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me switch-in SW2 dhe t\u00eb vendosim n\u00eb konfigurimet e tij komand\u00ebn spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst. Kjo komand\u00eb ka vet\u00ebm dy variante parametrash: pvst dhe rapid-pvst, un\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb dytin. Pas futjes s\u00eb komand\u00ebs, switch-i kalon n\u00eb modin RPVST, mund ta kontrolloni me komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb fillim shihni nj\u00eb mesazh q\u00eb tani po funksionon protokolli RSTP. E gjith\u00eb pjesa tjet\u00ebr ka mbetur e pandryshuar. M\u00eb pas duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet e tjera, dhe k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrfundon konfigurimi i RSTP. Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb funksionimin e k\u00ebtij protokolli ashtu si\u00e7 e b\u00ebm\u00eb p\u00ebr STP.<\/p>\n

Un\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri lidh switch-in SW2 direkt me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb SW1 - le t\u00eb shohim se sa shpejt do t\u00eb ndodhin konvergjencat. Shkruaj komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree summary dhe shoh se dy portet e switch-it jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje Blocking, 1 n\u00eb gjendje Forwarding. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni se konvergjenca ka ndodhur pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjykoni se sa m\u00eb shpejt \u00ebsht\u00eb RSTP se STP. Pastaj ne mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn spanning-tree portfast default, e cila do t\u2019i \u00e7oj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet e switch-it n\u00eb modin portfast si parazgjedhje. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb rast se shumica e porteve t\u00eb switch-it jan\u00eb Edge ports, t\u00eb lidhura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me hostet. N\u00ebse kemi ndonj\u00eb port q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Edge, e konfigurim at\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb modin spanning-tree. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar pun\u00ebn me VLAN, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn spanning-tree vlan me parametrat priority (caktimi i prioritetit t\u00eb switch-it p\u00ebr spanning-tree) ose root (caktimi i switch-it si rr\u00ebnj\u00eb). Ne p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn spanning-tree vlan 1 priority, duke caktuar si prioritet \u00e7do num\u00ebr q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i shum\u00ebfishuesh\u00ebm me 4096, n\u00eb range nga 0 deri n\u00eb 61440. K\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb manualisht prioritetin e \u00e7do VLAN. <\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb shkruaj komand\u00ebn spanning-tree vlan 1 root me parametrat primary ose secondary, p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar portin kryesor ose rezerv\u00eb root p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdor spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary, ky port do t\u00eb jet\u00eb porti kryesor root p\u00ebr rrjetin VLAN1. <\/p>\n

Un\u00eb do t\u00eb jap komand\u00ebn show spanning-tree, dhe ne do t\u00eb shohim se ky switch SW2 ka prioritet 24577, ID-t\u00eb MAC t\u00eb Root ID dhe Bridge ID p\u00ebrputhen, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb tani ai ka b\u00ebr\u00eb switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nShihni sa shpejt ndodhi dh\u00ebnia e rolit t\u00eb switches. Tani do ta anuloj statusin e switch-it kryesor me komand\u00ebn no spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs prioriteti do t'i kthehet vler\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebparshme 32769, dhe roli i switch-it rr\u00ebnj\u00eb do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te SW1. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim se si funksionon portfast. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb jap komand\u00ebn int f0\/1, do t\u00eb hy n\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e k\u00ebtij porti dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn spanning-tree, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs sistemi do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb sugjerime p\u00ebr vlerat e parametrave. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nM\u00eb pas, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor komand\u00ebn spanning-tree portfast, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund ta jap me parametrat disable (ndal p\u00ebrdorimin e funksionit portfast p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port) ose trunk (aktivizon funksionin portfast p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb port edhe n\u00eb modalitetin trunk). <\/p>\n

N\u00ebse japim spanning-tree portfast, funksioni thjesht do t\u00eb aktivizohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb port. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar funksionin BPDU Guard, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim komand\u00ebn spanning-tree bpduguard enable, komand\u00ebn spanning-tree bpduguard disable p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion. <\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb flas shpejt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr VLAN1 interfejsi i switch-it SW2 n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb SW3 blokoj\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb me konfigurime t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr VLAN tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shembull VLAN2, ky interfejs mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet port rr\u00ebnj\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu sistemi mund t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb mekanizmin e balancimit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb trafikut \u2013 n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast ky segment rrjeti nuk p\u00ebrdoret, n\u00eb rastin tjet\u00ebr \u2013 p\u00ebrdoret. <\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb tregoj se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh kur lidhim nj\u00eb hub dhe kemi nj\u00eb interfejs shared. Do t\u00eb shtoj nj\u00eb hub n\u00eb skem\u00eb dhe do ta lidh me switch-in SW2 me dy kabllo. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKomanda show spanning-tree do t\u00eb reflektoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pamje. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nFa0\/5 (porti i posht\u00ebm majtas i switch-it) b\u00ebhet port backup, nd\u00ebrsa porti Fa0\/4 (porti i posht\u00ebm djathtas i switch-it) b\u00ebhet port designated. Tipa i t\u00eb dy porteve \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, ose shared. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se segmenti i interfejsit t\u00eb hub-switch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb RSTP, arrit\u00ebm ndarjen n\u00eb portet alternative dhe rezerv\u00eb. N\u00ebse e \u00e7ojm\u00eb switch-in SW2 n\u00eb modalitetin pvst me komand\u00ebn spanning-tree mode pvst, do t\u00eb shohim se interfejsi Fa0\/5 p\u00ebrs\u00ebri kaloi n\u00eb gjendjen Alternative, sepse tani nuk ka dallim mes portit backup dhe portit alternative. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nKy ishte nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim shum\u00eb i gjat\u00eb dhe n\u00ebse nuk kuptoni ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb, ju sugjeroj ta shikoni p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e STP \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447 \u041d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0410? Root Bridge \u00ab\u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u00bb, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 BPDU. \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447 \u041d, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a 0+19 =19 \u043f\u0440\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 37. STP: zgjedhja e Root Bridge, funksionet PortFast dhe BPDU guard. Pjesa 2 | ProHoster","description":"Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se STP \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje konvergjence. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse marr nj\u00eb kabllo dhe e lidh switch-in H direkt me switch-in rr\u00ebnj\u00eb A? Root Bridge \"do t\u00eb shoh\u00eb\" se ka nj\u00eb port t\u00eb ri t\u00eb aktivizuar dhe do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb BPDU p\u00ebrmes tij. Switch-i H, duke marr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb frame me kosto zero, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb kostot e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes portit t\u00eb ri si 0+19 = 19.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-37-stp-vybor-root-bridge-funktsii-portfast-i-bpdu-guard-chast-2","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 37. STP: \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 Root Bridge, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 PortFast \u0438 BPDU guard. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e STP \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447 \u041d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0410? 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