{"id":38214,"date":"2019-10-31T22:22:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:22:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:20","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 43. Protokollet e routing-ut Distance Vector dhe Link State.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00ebsimi i sot\u00ebm me video mbi protokollet e ruterimit Distance Vector dhe Link State paraprin nj\u00eb nga temat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kursit CCNA \u2013 protokollet e ruterimit OSPF dhe EIGRP. Kjo tem\u00eb do t\u00eb marr\u00eb 4 ose ndoshta 6 m\u00ebsime t\u00eb ardhshme me video. Pra, sot do t\u00eb flas shkurtimisht p\u00ebr disa koncepte q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dini para se t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb studioni OSPF dhe EIGRP.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e kaluar shqyrtuam seksionin 2.1 t\u00eb tematik\u00ebs ICND2, nd\u00ebrsa sot do t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb seksionet 2.2 \u00abNgjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe dallimet e protokolleve t\u00eb ruterimit Distance Vector (DV) dhe protokolleve t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb linj\u00ebs Link State (LS)\u00bb dhe 2.3 \u00abNgjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe dallimet e protokolleve t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb ruterimit\u00bb. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 thash\u00eb, n\u00eb 4 ose 6 videot e ardhshme ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb pyetjet ky\u00e7e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kursit \u2013 protokollet OSPFv2 p\u00ebr IPv4, OSPFv3 p\u00ebr IPv6, EIGRP p\u00ebr IPv4 dhe EIGRP p\u00ebr IPv6. Student\u00ebt shpesh m\u00eb pyesin se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll ruterimi dhe si ndryshon ai nga protokolli i ruteruesh\u00ebm Routed\/Routable protocol. <\/p>\n

Protokolli i routingut p\u00ebrdoret nga routerat, si p\u00ebr shembull, protokolli RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Protokolli i routingut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb komunikimi midis routerave, ku ata ndajn\u00eb informacione mbi rrjetin dhe mbushin tabelat e tyre t\u00eb routingut me k\u00ebto informacione. Bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto tabela, ata marrin vendime p\u00ebr routing. <\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj, kur routerat kan\u00eb \"biseduar\" mes tyre dhe kan\u00eb mbushur tabelat e routingut, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto me an\u00eb t\u00eb protokollit t\u00eb routingut, ata marrin vendime p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e trafikut n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb tjera. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb protokoll i ruteruesh\u00ebm, i cili lejon routerat t\u00eb rimarrin ose ruteron trafikun. K\u00ebto protokolle p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb IPv4 dhe IPv6. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, protokolli i routingut siguron mbushjen e tabelave t\u00eb routingut me informacione, nd\u00ebrsa protokolli i ruteruesh\u00ebm siguron ruterimin e trafikut n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me informacionin e k\u00ebtyre tabelave. Fal\u00eb IPv4 ose IPv6, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e d\u00ebrguara inkapsulohen dhe pajisen me tituj IP, p\u00ebr \u00e7ka flasin vet\u00eb emrat e k\u00ebtyre protokolleve \u2013 IP. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjja e ardhshme ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me ndryshimet midis protokolleve t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb kalimit, Interior Gateway Protocol, dhe protokolleve t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb kalimit, Exterior Gateway Protocol. Mos lejoni q\u00eb fjala \"kalim\" t'ju hutoj\u00eb. Zakonisht, rrug\u00ebzat p\u00ebrdoren brenda nj\u00eb sistemi autonom. Supozoni se n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb tuaj ka 50 rrug\u00ebza q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin ndonj\u00eb protokoll IP. T\u00eb gjitha ato formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren dhe menaxhohen nga nj\u00eb kompani, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, protokollet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar rrug\u00ebzimin brenda nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb till\u00eb quhen protokolle t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb kalimit, nd\u00ebrsa protokollet p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar rrug\u00ebzimin p\u00ebrtej sistemit quhen protokolle t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb kalimit. Protokolli i jasht\u00ebm i kalimit siguron rrug\u00ebzim midis sistemeve t\u00eb ndryshme autonome. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto sisteme mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ofruesi juaj ISP, dhe sistemi i tij mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 200 rrug\u00ebza. P\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, sistemet autonome p\u00ebrdorin protokollin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb kalimit. <\/p>\n

Protokollet e brendshme t\u00eb kalimit jan\u00eb RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, dhe si protokoll i jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb kalimit sot p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb protokoll \u2013 BGP. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy definita q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptoni: Distance Vector dhe Link State. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy lloje t\u00eb protokolleve t\u00eb routing-ut t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSupozoni se kemi 3 router\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur midis tyre dhe me rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24. Le t\u00eb i em\u00ebrtojm\u00eb ata A, B dhe C. Nga kursi ICND1 dim\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh kur p\u00ebrdorim RIP. <\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se routeri B \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr rrjetit 192.168.10.0\/24, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb njoftim p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet te routeri A dhe routeri C. Routeri C gjithashtu e d\u00ebrgon k\u00ebt\u00eb njoftim te routeri A. Routeri A merr informacionin p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24 p\u00ebrmes dy nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb tij \u2013 f0\/0 dhe f0\/1. Duke qen\u00eb se protokolli RIPv2 p\u00ebrdor metrik\u00ebn Hop Count, ai do t\u2019i thot\u00eb routerit se rruga m\u00eb optimali p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes routerit B, sepse at\u00ebher\u00eb rrjeti mund t\u00eb arrihet n\u00eb nj\u00eb hop. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim nd\u00ebrfaqen f0\/1 p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24, do t\u00eb nevojiten 2 hop-e. Prandaj, nga pik\u00ebpamja e routerit A, m\u00eb optimali do t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i nd\u00ebrfaqes f0\/0. Ky vendim merret nga A sepse p\u00ebrdor RIP-in, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll distanc\u00eb-vektor. <\/p>\n

Sipas skem\u00ebs s\u00eb paraqitur, ne shohim se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja e duhur, sepse distanca midis A dhe B \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shkurt\u00eb. Por \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse them se midis A dhe B ka nj\u00eb linj\u00eb me kapacitet 64 kbps, nd\u00ebrsa midis C dhe B ndodhet nj\u00eb linj\u00eb 100 Mbps, dhe nj\u00eb linj\u00eb e till\u00eb ndodhet gjithashtu midis C dhe A? <\/p>\n

Cili do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimi m\u00eb optimal n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte? <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSigurisht, linja 100 megabit n\u00eb sekond\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e mir\u00eb se linja me shpejt\u00ebsi 64 kilobit n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse rruga p\u00ebrmes saj k\u00ebrkon 2 hops n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit. Megjithat\u00eb, protokolli i distanc\u00ebs-vektorit RIP nuk merr parasysh shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e transferimit t\u00eb trafikut, pasi p\u00ebrcakton rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb duke u udh\u00ebhequr nga numri minimal i hops. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret protokolli i gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb OSPF. Ky protokoll kontrollon kostot e rrug\u00ebve dhe, duke gjetur at\u00eb m\u00eb \"t\u00eb lir\u00eb\", d\u00ebrgon trafikun p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs router A \u2013 router C \u2013 router B. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb krahasim me RIP, protokolli OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb kompleks, ai merr parasysh shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar rrug\u00ebn optimale dhe gjen rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb aspektin e metrik\u00ebs.
\nEIGRP dikur ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll i pronarit t\u00eb Cisco, dhe tani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard i hapur. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim i karakteristikave m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb protokollit t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs vektoriale dhe protokollit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb lidhjes. Ai merr parasysh si kapacitetin e bandwidth-it ashtu edhe vonesat e rrjetit. Si\u00e7 dihet, sa m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimi, pra sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb haop t\u00eb ket\u00eb, aq m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha jan\u00eb vonesat. Prandaj, protokolli EIGRP zgjedh rrug\u00ebn me maksimumin e kapacitetit dhe minimumin e vones\u00ebs totale duke krahasuar metrikat e rrug\u00ebve. Kapaciteti i paraqitur dhe vonesat jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e formul\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin e ruterit.
\nJa n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrbehet ndryshimi midis protokolleve t\u00eb Distance Vector dhe Link State. Protokollet e distanc\u00ebs vektoriale shqyrtojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm distanc\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa protokollet Link State shqyrtojn\u00eb gjendjen e rrjetit p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia dhe kapaciteti i bandwidth-it.
\nEIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll hibrid i rrug\u00ebzimit, pasi kombinon tiparet e t\u00eb dy protokolleve t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. Sipas Cisco-s, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i rrug\u00ebzimit, ndaj inxhinier\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb e preferojn\u00eb at\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, protokolli m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb OSPF. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se EIGRP ka qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm koh\u00ebt e fundit standart i hapur, ndaj prodhuesit e tret\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij me pajisjet e tyre rrjet. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla e besimit n\u00eb protokoll. Kur router A merr informacion rruge nga 2 burime t\u00eb ndryshme, ai p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb formul\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb vendimin se cili nga dy rrug\u00ebt do t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebtimit. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, pasi ai shqyrton parametrat e rrug\u00ebs B-A dhe A-C-B, i krahasojn\u00eb ata dhe merr vendimin optimal. Sigurisht, OSPF gjithashtu balancohen ngarkes\u00ebn, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse dy rrug\u00eb kan\u00eb kosto t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, ai realizon balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs. Ne do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje n\u00eb videot e ardhshme, sot thjesht dua q\u00eb ju ta dini k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme. N\u00eb fund do t\u00eb vizatoj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ruter\u00ebt A, B dhe C, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb pavarur rrjetesh n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb tuaj. Le t\u00eb supojm\u00eb se kompania juaj ka bler\u00eb nj\u00eb kompanin\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, e cila ka nj\u00eb sistem me ruter\u00ebt A1, B1 dhe C1. Pra, tani keni dy kompani, secila me rrjetin e vet. Le t\u00eb supojm\u00eb se e para p\u00ebrdor protokollin EIGRP, nd\u00ebrsa e dyta OSPF. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nNatyrisht, mund t\u00eb riprogramoni rrjetin tuaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur OSPF ose t\u00eb transferoni rrjetin e kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb bler\u00eb n\u00eb protokollin EIGRP, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi e madhe pune administrative. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, kjo ende mund t\u00eb realizohet, por n\u00ebse kompania \u00ebsht\u00eb e madhe, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi e madhe pune. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, mund t\u00eb realizoni nj\u00eb rredistribution, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb merrni rrug\u00ebt EIGRP dhe t'i shp\u00ebrndani ato n\u00eb OSPF, nd\u00ebrsa rrug\u00ebt OSPF t'i shp\u00ebrndani n\u00eb EIGRP. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e mundur. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, nj\u00eb nga router\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb tuaj duhet t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me t\u00eb dy protokollet \u2013 EIGRP dhe OSPF, le t\u00eb themi se do t\u00eb jet\u00eb routeri B. Ai do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb routing-i, ku pjesa e rrug\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga EIGRP, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr nga OSPF. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, me t\u00eb cilin jan\u00eb lidhur t\u00eb dy kompanit\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompania e par\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb rrug\u00ebt nga tabela EIGRP p\u00ebr lidhje me t\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa kompania e dyt\u00eb \u2013 rrug\u00ebt nga protokolli OSPF, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhur k\u00ebto rrug\u00eb t\u00eb marra nga burime t\u00eb ndryshme do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, sepse secili prej tyre zgjidh rrug\u00ebn optimale sipas metrikave t\u00eb veta. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, p\u00ebrdoret koncepti i Distanc\u00ebs Administrative. Ajo ndihmon router-in t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb optimale nga disa rrug\u00eb q\u00eb merren nga protokollet e ndryshme t\u00eb routing. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse routeri B \u00ebsht\u00eb direkt i lidhur me routerin C, distanca administrative do t\u00eb jet\u00eb 0, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga m\u00eb e besueshme. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se A i raporton B se gjithashtu ka akses n\u00eb C, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast routeri B do t\u2019i p\u00ebrgjigjet: \"faleminderit p\u00ebr informacionin tuaj, por routeri C \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur direkt me mua, prandaj un\u00eb zgjedh opsionin me distanc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl administrative, e jo opsionin e lidhjes p\u00ebrmes jush.\" <\/p>\n

Distanca administrative tregon shkall\u00ebn e besimit ndaj protokollit. Sa m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e distanc\u00ebs administrative, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb besim ka. Opsioni i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i besuesh\u00ebm pas lidhjes direkte \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja statike me distanc\u00eb administrative t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1. Shkalla e besimit ndaj protokolit EIGRP karakterizohet me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs administrative 90, p\u00ebr protokollin OSPF \u2013 110 dhe p\u00ebr protokollin RIP \u2013 120. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, n\u00ebse EIGRP dhe OSPF paraqesin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rrjet, routeri do t'i besoj\u00eb informacionit mbi rrug\u00ebt, i mar\u00eb nga EIGRP, sepse ky protokoll ka nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative prej 90, m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo q\u00eb ka OSPF.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb jeni me ne. Ju p\u00ebrqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? Doni t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtesni me nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj, 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb unike t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar nga ne p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta rreth VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Ndot\u00ebs) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20, ose si ta ndash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (disponohen variante me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebtu 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim prej 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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