{"id":38214,"date":"2019-10-31T22:22:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:22:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:20","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-43-protokoly-marshrutizatsii-distance-vector-i-link-state","title":{"rendered":"Trajnimi Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. Dita 43. Protokollet e routingut Distance Vector dhe Link State","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Video m\u00ebsimi i sot\u00ebm p\u00ebr protokollet e routingut Distance Vector dhe Link State prek nj\u00eb nga temat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kursit CCNA \u2013 protokollet e routingut OSPF dhe EIGRP. Kjo tem\u00eb do t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb 4 ose madje 6 video m\u00ebsimor\u00ebt e ardhsh\u00ebm. Prandaj, sot do t\u00eb flas shkurtimisht p\u00ebr disa koncepte q\u00eb duhen ditur para se t\u00eb fillosh t\u00eb studiosh OSPF dhe EIGRP.<\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e kaluar shqyrtuam seksionin 2.1 t\u00eb tematik\u00ebs ICND2, dhe sot do t\u00eb studiojm\u00eb seksionet 2.2 \"Ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe dallimet midis protokolleve t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs (Distance Vector - DV) dhe protokolleve t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb lidhjes (Link State - LS)\" dhe 2.3 \"Ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe dallimet midis protokolleve t\u00eb brendshme dhe atyre t\u00eb jashtme p\u00ebr routing\". <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ashtu si\u00e7 e thash\u00eb, n\u00eb 4 ose 6 video t\u00eb ardhshme do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet ky\u00e7e t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb kursit \u2013 protokollet OSPFv2 p\u00ebr IPv4, OSPFv3 p\u00ebr IPv6, EIGRP p\u00ebr IPv4 dhe EIGRP p\u00ebr IPv6. Student\u00ebt shpesh m\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pyetje se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli i routingut dhe \u00e7far\u00eb e ndan at\u00eb nga protokolli i routuar. <\/p>\n

Protokolli i routingut p\u00ebrdoret nga routerat, si p\u00ebr shembull, protokolli RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Protokolli i routingut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb komunikimi midis routerave, ku ata shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb informacion mbi rrjetin dhe e plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion n\u00eb tabelat e routingut. Bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto tabela, ata marrin vendime p\u00ebr routing. <\/p>\n

Pasi routerat \"kan\u00eb biseduar\" me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe kan\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar tabelat e routingut, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e protokolleve t\u00eb routingut, ata marrin vendime p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e trafikut n\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb tjera. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrdoret protokolli i routuar, i cili lejon routerat t\u00eb redirektojn\u00eb, ose rutojn\u00eb trafikun. K\u00ebta protokolle p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb IPv4 dhe IPv6. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, protokolli i routingut siguron plot\u00ebsimin e tabelave t\u00eb routingut me informacion, nd\u00ebrsa protokolli i routuar mund\u00ebson routingun e trafikut n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me informacionin e k\u00ebtyre tabelave. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb IPv4 ose IPv6, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen jan\u00eb t\u00eb inkapsuluara dhe t\u00eb pajisura me tituj IP, si\u00e7 e thon\u00eb vet\u00eb emrat e k\u00ebtyre protokolleve \u2013 IP. <\/p>\n

Pyetje tjet\u00ebr lidhet me dallimet nd\u00ebrmjet protokollit t\u00eb portave t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm (Interior Gateway Protocol) dhe protokolleve t\u00eb portave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm (Exterior Gateway Protocol). Mos t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheni nga termo \u00abport\u00bb \u2013 zakonisht p\u00ebrdoren router-a n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom. Le t\u00eb themi se kompania juaj ka 50 router-a, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin ndonj\u00eb protokoll IP. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebrdoren dhe menaxhohen nga nj\u00eb kompanis\u00eb, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nPra, protokoll\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar rrug\u00ebzim brenda nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb till\u00eb quhen protokoll\u00eb t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa protokoll\u00ebt p\u00ebr realizimin e rrug\u00ebzimit jasht\u00eb sistemit quhen protokoll\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs. Protokolli i jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs siguron rrug\u00ebzim nd\u00ebrmjet sistemeve t\u00eb ndryshme autonome. Nj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre sistemeve mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ofruesi juaj ISP, dhe sistemi i tij mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 200 router-a. P\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, sistemet autonome p\u00ebrdorin protokollin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

Protokoll\u00ebt e brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs jan\u00eb RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, nd\u00ebrsa si protokoll t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb port\u00ebs, deri m\u00eb tani, p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb protokol \u2013 BGP. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrcaktimet e ardhshme q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptoni jan\u00eb Distance Vector dhe Link State. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy lloje t\u00eb protokoll\u00ebve t\u00eb rrug\u00ebzimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nLe t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi 3 router-a t\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe me rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24. Le t\u2019i em\u00ebrojm\u00eb ata A, B dhe C. Nga kursi ICND1 ne e dim\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb RIP. <\/p>\n

Pasi router B \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr rrjetit 192.168.10.0\/24, ai e d\u00ebrgon i pari njoftimin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet te router A dhe router C. Router C gjithashtu e p\u00ebrcjell k\u00ebt\u00eb njoftim te router A. Router A merr informacion p\u00ebr rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24 p\u00ebrmes dy interfecesh t\u00eb tij \u2013 f0\/0 dhe f0\/1. Pasi protokolli RIPv2 p\u00ebrdor metriken Hop Count, ai do t'i thot\u00eb routerit se ruga optimale p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes router B, sepse at\u00ebher\u00eb rrjeti mund t\u00eb arrihet n\u00eb nj\u00eb hop. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim interfecin f0\/1 p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me rrjetin 192.168.10.0\/24, do t\u00eb nevojiten 2 hopa. Prandaj, p\u00ebr router A, m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb optimale do t\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb interfecin f0\/0. Ky vendim A e merr pasi p\u00ebrdor RIP, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll me vektor distance. <\/p>\n

Sipas skem\u00ebs s\u00eb paraqitur, ne shohim q\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja e duhur, sepse distanca midis A dhe B \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr. Por \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00ebse un\u00eb them se midis A dhe B ekziston nj\u00eb linj\u00eb me kapacitet 64 kbit\/s, nd\u00ebrsa midis C dhe B ndodhet nj\u00eb linj\u00eb 100 mbit\/s, dhe nj\u00eb linj\u00eb e till\u00eb ndodhet gjithashtu midis C dhe A? <\/p>\n

Cili do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimi m\u00eb optimal n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte? <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSigurisht, linja 100 megabit n\u00eb sekond\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se linja me shpejt\u00ebsi 64 kilobit n\u00eb sekond\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse rrug\u00ebtimi p\u00ebrmes saj zgjat 2 hopa p\u00ebrkundrejt nj\u00eb hopi. Megjithat\u00eb, protokolli i distanc\u00ebs RIP nuk merr parasysh shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e transferimit t\u00eb trafikut, pasi kur zgjedh rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb optimale, udh\u00ebhiqet nga numri minimal i hopave. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret protokolli i gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit Link State, si OSPF. Ky protokoll kontrollon koston e rrug\u00ebve dhe, duke gjetur m\u00eb t\u00eb \u201clir\u00ebn\u201d, d\u00ebrgon trafikun n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn Router A \u2013 Router C \u2013 Router B. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb krahasim me RIP-in, protokolli OSPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar, duke marr\u00eb parasysh shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb kur p\u00ebrcakton rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb optimale dhe duke gjetur at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb metrik\u00ebs.
\nEIGRP dikur ishte nj\u00eb protokoll i pron\u00ebsis\u00eb nga Cisco dhe tani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard i hapur. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim i tipareve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb protokollit t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs dhe atij t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb rrjetit. Ai merr parasysh si kapacitetin ashtu edhe vonesat e rrjetit. Si\u00e7 dihet, sa m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb rruga, dmth. sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb hopa, aq m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb jan\u00eb vonesat. Prandaj, protokolli EIGRP zgjedh rrug\u00ebn me kapacitetin maksimal dhe vones\u00ebn minimale t\u00ebr\u00ebsore, duke krahasuar metrikat e rrug\u00ebve. Kapacitetet dhe vonesat e paraqitura jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb formul\u00ebs mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn merren vendimet e rrug\u00ebs.
\nK\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb ku q\u00ebndron ndryshimi midis protokolleve t\u00eb Distance Vector dhe Link State. Protokollet e distanc\u00ebs shqyrtojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm distanc\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa protokollet Link State shqyrtojn\u00eb gjendjen e rrjetit n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs, si shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb ashtu edhe kapacitetin.
\nEIGRP \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll hibrid rrug\u00ebs, pasi kombinon karakteristikat e t\u00eb dy protokolleve t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm. Nga pik\u00ebpamja e Cisco-s, \u00ebsht\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i rrug\u00ebs, prandaj preferohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb inxhinier\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb protokolli m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb OSPF. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se EIGRP sapo ka filluar t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb standard i hapur, prandaj prodhuesit e jasht\u00ebm nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij me pajisjet e tyre rrjet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb grad\u00eb besimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll. Kur router A merr informacion rrug\u00ebs nga dy burime t\u00eb ndryshme, ai p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb formul\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur se cili prej dy rrug\u00ebve duhet t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb, sepse ai shikon parametrat e rrug\u00ebs B-A dhe A-C-B, i p\u00ebrhumb ato dhe merr vendim optimal. Sigurisht, OSPF gjithashtu balancojn\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, n\u00ebse dy rrug\u00ebt kan\u00eb kosto t\u00eb barabart\u00eb, ai ekzekuton balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs. Detajet e k\u00ebsaj do t'i shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb videot e ardhshme, sot, thjesht dua q\u00eb ju ta dini k\u00ebt\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme. M\u00eb posht\u00eb do t\u00eb vizatojm\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri routerat A, B dhe C, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem autonom rrjeti n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb tuaj. Supozoni se kompania juaj ka bler\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb sistem me routerat A1, B1 dhe C1. Pra, tani keni dy kompani, secila me rrjetin e saj. Supozoni se e para p\u00ebrdor protokollin EIGRP, nd\u00ebrsa e dyta OSPF. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nSigurisht, mund ta riprogramoni rrjetin tuaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur OSPF ose t\u00eb kaloni rrjetin e kompanis\u00eb q\u00eb keni p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb protokollin EIGRP, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi e madhe pune administrative. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet, por p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kompani t\u00eb madhe, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb enorme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni rip\u00ebrcaktim, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb merrni rrug\u00ebt EIGRP dhe t'i shp\u00ebrndani ato n\u00eb OSPF, dhe rrug\u00ebt OSPF t'i rip\u00ebrcaktoni n\u00eb EIGRP. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e mundur. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, nj\u00eb prej router\u00ebve t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb tuaj duhet t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me dy protokolle \u2013 EIGRP dhe OSPF, le t\u00eb themi se do t\u00eb jet\u00eb routeri B. Ai do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb rrug\u00ebsh, ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e rrug\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga EIGRP, dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb nga OSPF. Supozoni se kemi nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me t\u00eb dy kompanit\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, kompania e par\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb rrug\u00ebt nga tabela EIGRP p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me t\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa kompania e dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb rrug\u00ebt nga protokolli OSPF, dhe p\u00ebr ta lidhur k\u00ebto rrug\u00eb, t\u00eb marra nga burime t\u00eb ndryshme, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, sepse \u00e7do nj\u00eb prej tyre zgjidh rrug\u00ebn optimale sipas metrikeve t\u00eb veta. <\/p>\n

\"Trajnimi
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdoret koncepti i Distan\u00ebs Administrative, ose distanca administrative. Ai ndihmon routerin t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb rrug\u00ebn m\u00eb optimale nga disa rrug\u00eb, t\u00eb marra nga protokolle t\u00eb ndryshme rrug\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse routeri B \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me routerin C, at\u00ebher\u00eb distanca administrative do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me 0, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga m\u00eb e besueshme. Le t\u00eb supozoni se A i komunikon B se gjithashtu ka qasje n\u00eb C, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast routeri B do t'i p\u00ebrgjigjet: \"faleminderit p\u00ebr informacionin tuaj, por routeri C \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me mua, prandaj un\u00eb zgjedh opsionin me nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, jo opsionin e lidhjes p\u00ebrmes jush.\" <\/p>\n

Distanca administrative tregon shkall\u00ebn e besimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll. Sa m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e distanc\u00ebs administrative, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb besim. Opsioni tjet\u00ebr m\u00eb i besuesh\u00ebm pas lidhjes direkte \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja statike me nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me 1. Shkalla e besimit n\u00eb protokollin EIGRP karakterizohet nga nj\u00eb vler\u00eb e distanc\u00ebs administrative 90, n\u00eb protokollin OSPF \u2013 110 dhe n\u00eb protokollin RIP \u2013 120. <\/p>\n

Prandaj, n\u00ebse EIGRP dhe OSPF p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn rrjet, routeri do t'i besoj\u00eb informacionit p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e marra nga EIGRP, sepse ky protokoll ka nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrativ\u00eb prej 90, m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl se ajo e OSPF.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nFaleminderit q\u00eb q\u00ebndroni me ne. Ju p\u00eblqejn\u00eb artikujt tan\u00eb? D\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shihni m\u00eb shum\u00eb materiale interesante? Na mb\u00ebshtetni duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb porosi ose duke na rekomanduar miqve tuaj. 30% zbritje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Habra n\u00eb nj\u00eb analog unik t\u00eb server\u00ebve entry-level, t\u00eb cilin e kemi shpikur p\u00ebr ju:<\/b> E gjith\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 B\u00ebrthama) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps nga $20 ose si t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht serverin?<\/a><\/noindex> (opcionet me RAID1 dhe RAID10, deri n\u00eb 24 b\u00ebrthama dhe deri n\u00eb 40GB DDR4 jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd p\u00ebr dy her\u00eb m\u00eb lir\u00eb?<\/b> Vet\u00ebm te ne 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB nga $199<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Holand\u00eb! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 nga $99!<\/b><\/b> Lexoni rreth Si t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs korporative me p\u00ebrdorimin e server\u00ebve Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 me \u00e7mim 9000 euro p\u00ebr pak para?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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